WO2020217344A1 - Système d'aide à l'importation/exportation et procédé d'aide à l'importation/exportation - Google Patents

Système d'aide à l'importation/exportation et procédé d'aide à l'importation/exportation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020217344A1
WO2020217344A1 PCT/JP2019/017453 JP2019017453W WO2020217344A1 WO 2020217344 A1 WO2020217344 A1 WO 2020217344A1 JP 2019017453 W JP2019017453 W JP 2019017453W WO 2020217344 A1 WO2020217344 A1 WO 2020217344A1
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Prior art keywords
import
export
product
information
country
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PCT/JP2019/017453
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
譲 佐野
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譲 佐野
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Application filed by 譲 佐野 filed Critical 譲 佐野
Priority to PCT/JP2019/017453 priority Critical patent/WO2020217344A1/fr
Priority to JP2019548345A priority patent/JP6614564B1/ja
Publication of WO2020217344A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020217344A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique for supporting the import / export of goods.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a system that automatically creates trade documents using the information stored in the database.
  • Patent Document 2 describes a system that acquires the tariff rate of a product from a database and outputs it when a product to be shipped internationally is specified.
  • Patent Document 1 data is input using a database for customers who have a history of transporting goods in the past, but customers who have not transported goods in the past enter data by themselves. There was a problem that it was necessary.
  • Patent Document 2 for example, in order to determine the tariff rate of a product, it is necessary to prepare a tariff rate disclosure server, and there is a problem that it is necessary to prepare information on the tariff rate in advance.
  • the present invention relates to a receiving means for accepting registration of a product exported from an exporting country and a product in which the same product as the product is imported from the exporting country in a database recording import / export history of the product for which the registration has been accepted.
  • an import / export support system having an output means for outputting the import / export information digitized.
  • the data conversion means may generate image data in which the import / export information is visually coded.
  • the output means may output the import / export information to a wireless device.
  • the extraction means extracts the import / export information when each of the plurality of countries is an export country from the database, and the data conversion means extracts the import / export information with each of the plurality of countries as an export country. Data including all may be generated.
  • the extraction means extracts the import / export information for each of the plurality of import purposes from the database, and the data conversion means includes data including all the import / export information for each of the plurality of import purposes. It may be generated.
  • the receiving means receives an import instruction including a specific importing country and a specific import purpose from the importer of the product, and import / export documents for importing the product into the specific importing country in accordance with the import instruction. It may have a generation means for generating the data of.
  • the data of the import / export documents may be transmitted to the terminal of a predetermined business operator in the specific importing country.
  • This import / export support system is acquired by the acquisition means for acquiring information on the vacant space of cargo sent from the exporting country to the importing country and for importing the goods specified by the import instruction. It may have an allocation means for allocating the free space using information.
  • This import / export support system may have an acquisition means for acquiring information on an empty space of cargo sent from the exporting country to the importing country, and a reservation means for reserving the empty space.
  • the receiving means is for a traveler traveling from the country of residence to another country, from the store terminal installed in the actual store existing in the other country or the mobile terminal used by the traveler who visited the actual store.
  • the output means may generate and transmit the data of the import / export document to the terminal of the warehouse company corresponding to the physical store.
  • the same product as the product is imported from the exporting country in the database recording the history of import / export.
  • an import / export support method having a step of outputting the converted import / export information.
  • the figure which illustrates the functional structure of the import / export support system 1. The figure which illustrates the hardware composition of the management server 21.
  • the flowchart which shows the outline of the operation of the import / export support system 1. A sequence chart illustrating the process related to registration.
  • the figure which illustrates the product code. The figure which illustrates the product code.
  • the figure which illustrates the product code. A sequence chart illustrating processing related to ordering goods.
  • step S205 A sequence chart illustrating processing related to the transportation of goods.
  • step S402. The figure which illustrates the process which concerns on the preliminary examination.
  • the import / export support system 1 is a system for making it easier to import / export products from one product at the individual level.
  • the outline of the import / export support system 1 is as follows.
  • a person who wishes to sell a product (hereinafter referred to as a "seller") registers the product in the import / export support system 1.
  • the seller is, for example, resident in Country A.
  • a person who wishes to purchase the product (hereinafter referred to as "buyer”) expresses his / her intention to purchase the product to the import / export support system 1.
  • the buyer is, for example, resident in Country B.
  • the import / export support system 1 concludes a sales contract between the seller and the buyer.
  • the import / export support system 1 automatically creates documents necessary for import / export of goods and arranges transportation. The details will be described below.
  • the import / export support system 1 includes a seller terminal 11, a buyer terminal 12, a forwarder terminal 13 (FWD terminal 13 in the figure), a management server 21, a payment server 22, a product server 23, a transportation contract server 24, a warehouse server 25, and a customs server 26. , Import / export database 31 (import / export DB31 in the figure), and packing box database 32 (packing box DB32 in the figure). These components are connected via a network such as the Internet, and data, instructions, and the like can be communicated with each other.
  • a network such as the Internet
  • the seller terminal 11 is a terminal device used by the seller to access the import / export support system 1 (specifically, the management server 21).
  • the buyer terminal 12 is a terminal device used by the buyer to access the management server (specifically, the management server 21).
  • the forwarder terminal 13 (FWD terminal 13 in the figure) is a terminal device used by the forwarder to access the import / export support system 1 (specifically, the management server 21 and the warehouse server 25).
  • a forwarder is a business operator that receives cargo from a shipper and undertakes the transportation of the cargo using a means of transportation (ship, air, rail, or automobile, etc.), and is also called an NVOCC (Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier).
  • Forwarders undertake a variety of tasks, including, for example, marine insurance arrangements, packaging, and import / export customs clearance procedures.
  • the management company of the import / export support system 1 (or the management company of the management server 21) has a business tie-up with this forwarder.
  • the forwarder is divided into a forwarder in the exporting country and a forwarder in the importing country in detail, but here, for the sake of simplicity of explanation, these are collectively referred to simply as "forwarder".
  • the management server 21 is a server device for providing an import / export support service. Import / export support services include, for example, supporting the conclusion of sales contracts between sellers and buyers and preparing documents necessary for import / export.
  • the management server 21 has a user database (not shown) in which information about users (specifically, sellers and buyers) is recorded, and a transaction database (not shown) in which information about sales transactions (or sales contracts) of goods is recorded.
  • the payment server 22 is a server device that performs payment processing for the purchase and sale price of goods.
  • the product server 23 is a server device that provides a product database in which information about products is recorded.
  • the transportation contract server 24 is a server device that provides information on international transportation. Specifically, the transportation contract server 24 provides information on freight space and transportation costs for international transportation.
  • the warehouse server 25 is a server device that manages inventory of goods.
  • the management company of the import / export support system 1 (or the management company of the management server 21) has a business alliance with the warehouse company that operates this warehouse.
  • the customs server 26 is a server device for performing customs processing. Specifically, the customs server 26 performs processing related to the determination of import / export permission and the collection of customs duties in accordance with the trade rules of the exporting and importing countries.
  • the import / export database 31 is a database in which import / export information regarding products is recorded.
  • Import / export information refers to information on import / export, including, for example, customs duty information and export restrictions / special notes.
  • Customs information refers to information on tariffs, including, for example, tariff rates, tariff amounts, and HS codes.
  • the HS code is a code number for product classification defined based on the "International Convention on Harmonized Commordity Description and Coding System" (so-called HS Convention).
  • Export restrictions / special notes indicate specially necessary procedures, etc. for specific goods or specific exporting / importing countries.
  • the import / export database 31 includes a customs duty database 311 and an export regulation / special notes database 312.
  • the tariff database 311 is a database in which tariff information is recorded.
  • the export regulation / special notes database 312 is a database in which export restrictions / special notes are recorded.
  • the import / export database 31 outputs tariff information and export restrictions / special notes for importing / exporting the goods from the exporting country to the importing country. To do.
  • the record included in the import / export database 31 includes the history of actually importing / exporting the product in the past. For example, when a buyer actually imports / exports chocolate bar from the United States to Japan, information on the import / export is automatically registered in the import / export database 31 by, for example, the management server 21. As an example, the HS code of chocolate bar was "180632100", the tariff was 10%, the transportation cost for importing and exporting one chocolate bar was US $ 20, and the transportation insurance premium was US $ 1. , Etc. are registered in the import / export database 31.
  • the records in the import / export database 31 are constantly updated. For example, every time a new cargo is imported, the product name, exporting country, importing country, import purpose, tariff rate, special notes, etc. included in the cargo are written in the import / export database 31. In this way, the latest information is constantly written in the import / export database 31.
  • the packing box database 32 is a database in which information about boxes for packing products is recorded. This box is a so-called standard box, and various sizes are registered in advance. When the information for specifying the size of the product is input, the packing box database 32 allocates the optimum standard box for accommodating the product. When a plurality of products are transported at one time, the sizes of the plurality of products are integrated and the optimum standard box is assigned.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the functional configuration of the import / export support system 1.
  • the import / export support system 1 includes a receiving means 91, an extracting means 92, a data conversion means 93, an output means 94, an acquisition means 95, an allocation means 96, a reservation means 97, a storage means 98, and a generation means 99.
  • the receiving means 91 accepts registration of goods sold in the exporting country, that is, goods exported from the exporting country.
  • the extraction means 92 refers to the history of import / export of the same product as the specified product from the exporting country to the importing country in the database that records the history of import / export of the product, and exports the product from the history. Extract the import / export information used when importing.
  • the data conversion means 93 converts the data extracted by the extraction means 92 into data.
  • the output means 94 outputs the dataized import / export information.
  • the acquisition means 95 acquires information on the vacant space of the cargo sent from the exporting country to the importing country.
  • the allocating means 96 allocates the empty space of the cargo using the information acquired by the acquiring means 95 regarding the import of the designated goods.
  • Reservation means 97 reserves an empty space for cargo.
  • the storage means 98 stores various data and programs.
  • the data stored in the storage means 98 includes, for example, the import / export database 31.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of the management server 21.
  • the management server 21 is a computer device having a processor 2101, a memory 2102, a storage 2103, and a communication IF 2104.
  • the processor 2101 is a processing device that executes various operations according to a program.
  • the memory 2102 is a main storage device that functions as a work area when the processor 2101 executes a program.
  • the storage 2103 is a non-volatile auxiliary storage device that stores various data and programs.
  • the communication IF2104 is a device that communicates according to a predetermined standard such as Ethernet (registered trademark).
  • the storage 2103 stores a program (hereinafter referred to as "management server program") for causing the computer device to function as the management server 21 in the import / export support system 1.
  • management server program a program for causing the computer device to function as the management server 21 in the import / export support system 1.
  • the processor 2101 executes the server program, the function of FIG. 2 is implemented in the computer device.
  • the processor 2101 is an example of the receiving means 91, the extracting means 92, the data conversion means 93, the output means 94, the acquisition means 95, the allocation means 96, and the reservation means 97. ..
  • At least one of the memory 2102 and the storage 2103 is an example of the storage means 98.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the hardware configuration of the seller terminal 11.
  • the seller terminal 11 is a computer device having a processor 1101, a memory 1102, a storage 1103, a communication unit 1104, an input device 1105, and a display 1106, for example, a personal computer, a smartphone, or a tablet terminal.
  • the processor 1101 is a processing device that executes various operations according to a program.
  • the memory 1102 is a main storage device that functions as a work area when the processor 1101 executes a program.
  • the storage 1103 is a non-volatile auxiliary storage device that stores various data and programs.
  • the communication unit 1104 is a device that communicates according to predetermined standards such as LTE (registered trademark), WiFi (registered trademark), and Bluetooth (registered trademark).
  • the storage 1103 stores a program (hereinafter referred to as "seller terminal program") for causing the computer device to function as the seller terminal 11 in the import / export support system 1.
  • eller terminal program a program for causing the computer device to function as the seller terminal 11 in the import / export support system 1.
  • the processor 2101 executes the seller program, the function of FIG. 2 is implemented in the computer device.
  • the buyer terminal 12 is a computer device having the same hardware configuration as the seller terminal 11.
  • the storage of the buyer terminal 12 stores a program (hereinafter referred to as "buyer terminal program") for causing the computer device to function as the buyer terminal 12 in the import / export support system 1.
  • buyer terminal program a program for causing the computer device to function as the buyer terminal 12 in the import / export support system 1.
  • the processor executes the buyer's program, the function of FIG. 2 is implemented in the computer device.
  • the seller program and the buyer program may be the same program.
  • the seller program and the buyer program are collectively referred to as a "client program”.
  • At least one of the following functions (a) to (e) is implemented in the client program.
  • the forwarder terminal 13 is a computer device having the same hardware configuration as the seller terminal 11.
  • the payment server 22, the product server 23, the transportation contract server 24, the warehouse server 25, and the customs server 26 are computer devices having the same hardware configuration as the management server 21, respectively. Each of these computer devices executes a program for implementing the functions in the import / export support system 1.
  • the generation means 99 is implemented on the warehouse server 25.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an outline of the operation of the import / export support system 1. The detailed operation of the import / export support system 1 will be described later, but here, the outline of the operation will be described first.
  • step S1 the seller registers personal information and product information in the management server 21. That is, the management server 21 accepts registration of personal information and product information from the seller terminal 11.
  • Personal information refers to information indicating the attributes of an individual seller, such as name, address, and bank account number.
  • Product information refers to information indicating product attributes such as product name, product photo, classification, specifications, raw materials, size, and weight, and seller identification information.
  • step S2 the buyer registers personal information and payment information in the management server 21. That is, the management server 21 accepts registration of personal information and payment information from the buyer terminal 12.
  • Personal information refers to information indicating the attributes of the individual buyer, such as name, address, passport number, driver's license number, social security number (or my number in Japan).
  • Payment information refers to information used for payment processing, such as credit card numbers.
  • step S3 the management server 21 generates a personal code.
  • the personal code refers to the personal information of the seller or the buyer, which has been converted into data.
  • the management server 21 notifies the seller or the buyer of the generated personal code.
  • step S4 the management server 21 generates a product code.
  • the product code refers to product information that has been converted into data.
  • the product code includes the import / export information of the product in addition to the product information registered in step S1.
  • the import / export information is information used when importing / exporting the goods from the exporting country to the importing country, and includes, for example, information on the tariff rate.
  • One import / export information includes a plurality of combinations of exporting and importing countries (for example, country A to country B, country A to country C, country B to country A, country B to country C, country C to country A, and so on. And the tariff rates for each of countries C to B) are included.
  • the product code is registered in the product server 23 (product database). The seller can distribute the product code to other users (potential buyers) through SNS or the like.
  • step S5 the buyer orders the product.
  • the management server 21 merges the product code and the buyer's personal code.
  • the import / export support system 1 it is treated as if a sales contract has been concluded by merging the product code and the buyer's personal code.
  • the management server 21 gives an instruction for transporting the product (for example, a shipping instruction to the warehouse server 25) (step S6). The goods are shipped to the buyer according to this instruction. The details of these processes will be described below.
  • FIG. 6 is a sequence chart illustrating processing related to registration.
  • functional elements such as the receiving means 91 may be described as the main body of processing, but this means that the hardware elements such as the processor 2101 executing the software such as the management server program are other hardware. It means to perform processing in cooperation with the element.
  • step S101 the seller terminal 11 transmits a personal information registration request to the management server 21.
  • This registration request requests that personal information be registered in the management server 21 (so-called user registration or member registration).
  • the registration request includes personal information for which registration is required (that is, the seller's personal information).
  • the personal information is input by the seller into the seller terminal 11, for example.
  • the seller terminal 11 transmits a registration request to the management server 21 in response to the seller's instruction.
  • the management server 21 Upon receiving the registration request, the management server 21 generates a personal code (step S102).
  • the personal code is personal information of a user who becomes a member and is converted into data. Specific examples of the personal code are the same as the product code described later.
  • the management server 21 adds or registers the seller's personal information and personal code in the user database (step S103).
  • the management server 21 transmits the generated personal code to the seller terminal 11 (step S104). This completes the seller user registration.
  • the management server 21 may authenticate the seller's user when registering a new user or updating the user registration. User authentication is performed using, for example, SMS or e-mail of a mobile phone.
  • the access from the seller terminal 11 to the management server 21 is performed via an application program dedicated to the import / export support system 1 or via a general-purpose web browser. The same applies to other terminal devices and other server devices.
  • steps S101 to S104 are so-called user registration or member registration processes, and may be performed independently of the product information registration process (step S151 or later) described below.
  • the seller program may require user registration or membership registration when installed on the seller terminal 11.
  • step S151 the seller terminal 11 transmits the product information registration request to the management server 21.
  • This registration request requests that the product information be registered in the product server 23 (specifically, the product database). Products that are subject to registration are called "target products.”
  • the registration request includes the product information of the target product.
  • the product information is input by the seller into the seller terminal 11, for example.
  • the seller terminal 11 transmits a registration request to the management server 21 in response to the seller's instruction.
  • the management server 21 Upon receiving the registration request, the management server 21 generates a product code for the target product (step S152).
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating information included in the product code.
  • the goods code includes goods information, customs duty information, place of origin, import / export restrictions / special notes, transportation costs, and transportation insurance.
  • the product information has already been explained, but in this example, the price (or unit price) is not included in the product information.
  • the tariff information has already been explained and is obtained from the tariff database.
  • a certificate of origin is information that certifies the origin of the product. Since tariff reduction or tax exemption depending on the place of origin may be granted for a specific exporting country or goods, a certificate of origin is required to import or export goods that meet the conditions. Certificates of origin may be omitted for products that do not meet the conditions. Import / export restrictions and special notes have already been explained.
  • the transportation cost is information indicating the cost for transporting the goods from the exporting country to the importing country, and is set for each group of the exporting country and the importing country. If goods are transported outside the import / export support system 1, the actual transportation cost will fluctuate depending on the trader and the time.
  • the transportation cost included in the product code is a value determined in consideration of these circumstances, and is, for example, a value corresponding to a statistical value (for example, the highest value) of transportation costs of a plurality of affiliated carriers.
  • Transportation insurance is information indicating insurance premiums related to the transportation of the product, and is set for each group of exporting country and importing country.
  • the import / export support system 1 requires the user to input the tariff rate.
  • the user inputs the tariff rate into the import / export support system 1 by making an inquiry to the customs office or checking the law.
  • the import / export support system 1 may give a privilege (for example, point grant or cash back) to a user who has input new information.
  • the import / export support system 1 may periodically crawl the websites of the customs offices of each country to automatically collect tariff rate information. The same applies to information other than tariff rates.
  • the product code may include additional information, such as the seller's personal information, warehouse identification information, product code expiration date, sales restricted country. At least one of may be included.
  • FIG. 8 is a sequence chart illustrating the details of the product code generation process, that is, step S152.
  • the information contained in the product code is as described above.
  • a specific example of the product code generation process will be described, but the order of acquiring the information included in the product information is not limited to those exemplified below.
  • step S1521 the management server 21 acquires the product information of the target product.
  • the management server 21 acquires the product information input in step S151.
  • the management server 21 acquires the tariff information of the target product.
  • the management server 21 specifies the attributes of the target product and the exporting country.
  • the exporting country of the target product is referred to as the "target exporting country”.
  • the attributes of the target product are specified by referring to the product information.
  • the attributes specified here include at least the name of the target product. This attribute may include the place of origin of the target product.
  • the target exporting country is identified by referring to the buyer's personal information.
  • the management server 21 refers to the import / export database 31 and extracts the import / export information of the same product as the target product.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating customs information recorded in the customs database 311.
  • the tariff database 311 contains a plurality of records. Each record contains the trade name, HS code, combination of exporting and importing countries, purpose of import, tariff rate, and applicable tax rate.
  • the applicable tax rate is the tax rate applied to the goods, the exporting country, and the importing country among the multiple types of tax rates.
  • applicable tax rates include preferential tax rates, agreement tax rates, provisional tax rates, and basic tax rates. These multiple types of tax rates have priorities and, in principle, are applied in the order of preferential tax rate, agreement tax rate, provisional tax rate, and basic tax rate. Conditions for application are defined for each tax rate.
  • the management server 21 extracts a record including the same country as the target exporting country as the exporting country from the import / export information of the same product as the target product.
  • the exporting countries are the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, and personal consumption, sales, and personal shipments for import purposes are recorded in the import / export database.
  • 21 extracts the following nine types of tariff information (an example of import / export information when each of a plurality of countries is an export country) from the tariff database 311.
  • Iv Import / export from Japan to the United Kingdom for personal consumption.
  • the management server 21 acquires information indicating the place of origin of the target product.
  • Information indicating the place of origin is input, for example, by a user who is a seller.
  • the information indicating the place of origin may be obtained from a server device (not shown) in which the place of origin of the target product is registered.
  • a method of certifying the origin of a product (a) a method of submitting a declaration to the effect that the imported cargo is a product (self-report system) prepared by the exporter or importer, and (self-report system)
  • the management server 21 acquires such information directly from the creator or indirectly from a person other than the creator.
  • step S1524 the management server 21 acquires the import / export restrictions / special notes of the target product.
  • the management server 21 acquires import / export restrictions / special notes when importing / exporting the target product from the target exporting country to the target importing country from the import / export database 31.
  • step S1525 the management server 21 acquires the transportation cost of the target product.
  • the management server 21 acquires the transportation cost when the target product is imported / exported from the target exporting country to the target importing country from the import / export database 31.
  • step S1526 the management server 21 acquires the transportation insurance premium for the target product.
  • the management server 21 acquires the transportation insurance premium when the target product is imported / exported from the target exporting country to the target importing country from the import / export database 31.
  • the management server 21 generates a product code using the information extracted in steps S1521 to S1526.
  • the product code includes all the information extracted in steps S1521 to S1526. This information is described in a general format, such as text format.
  • the product code is a code obtained by encoding this information according to a predetermined algorithm.
  • the product code is an image code, more specifically a two-dimensional code such as a QR code (registered trademark).
  • the image code is an example of image data in which import / export information is visually coded.
  • the product code is not limited to the visualized one, but it is preferably a visualized code because it is assumed that the product code is distributed by SNS or the like as described later.
  • FIG. 10A to 10C are diagrams illustrating product codes.
  • FIG. 10A shows an example in which the product code is a general-purpose QR code (registered trademark).
  • FIG. 10B shows an example in which the product code is used in combination with a photograph of the product.
  • the product code has the shape of a frame having a blank portion in the center, and the product photo is embedded in the blank portion.
  • FIG. 10C shows an example in which the product code is used in combination with the illustration.
  • the product code has a blank part in the center (the blank part can have various shapes such as a heart shape or a star shape as well as a rectangle), and an illustration related to the product is embedded in the blank part.
  • the discriminating power for other products can be improved as compared with the example of the image code alone (FIG. 10A).
  • the management server 21 transmits the generated product code to the seller terminal 11 (step S153). Further, the management server 21 transmits a registration request for the target product to the product server 23 (step S154). This registration request includes at least a part of the product information included in the registration request transmitted from the seller terminal 11 to the management server 21. The registration request further includes the product code generated in step S152.
  • the product server 23 adds the product information and the product code of the target product to the product database (step S155). In this example, the product information is registered in the product database (product server 23), and the management server 21 does not hold the product information, but the management server 21 itself may hold the product information.
  • Buyer Registration Buyer users are required to register as members in advance.
  • the buyer's membership registration is performed in the same manner as the seller's membership registration (step S101 described above).
  • you will be required to enter your address, that is, the delivery address of the product, as personal information.
  • it is required to input payment information (for example, information used at the time of payment such as a credit card number) together with personal information.
  • the management server 21 generates a buyer's personal code using the input personal information.
  • the management server 21 registers the buyer's personal information and personal code in the user database.
  • the management server 21 transmits the generated personal code to the buyer terminal 12.
  • the process at the buyer terminal 12 is executed by, for example, the buyer program.
  • the import / export support system 1 may request the user who uses the import / export support system 1 only as a seller to register the payment information and issue a personal code.
  • the seller who receives the product code can use the product code thereafter.
  • the use of the merchandise code includes distribution of the merchandise code by the seller and ordering of the merchandise by the buyer (step S5).
  • the product code is used, for example, by any of the following methods. (1) Distribution via the Internet. (I) Distribution via SNS. (Ii) Distribution via the website. (Iii) Distribution via direct message. (2) Distribution via non-Internet media. (Iv) Distribution via print media. (V) Distribution via television broadcasting. (Vi) Distribution via computer-readable recording media. (3) Distribution at physical stores. (Vii) Display in a physical store.
  • FIG. 11 is a sequence chart illustrating processing related to ordering goods.
  • the buyer terminal 12 of the user Y stores the product code (that is, the image) of the product P.
  • the storage of the product code is a program different from the buyer program, for example, the SNS client program or the OS of the buyer terminal 12.
  • the buyer terminal 12 stores the product code in response to the instruction of the user Y.
  • step S202 the buyer terminal 12 activates the buyer program.
  • the buyer program is launched, for example, in response to a user instruction.
  • step S203 the buyer program reads the product code.
  • step S204 the buyer program extracts various information from the product code of the target product.
  • step S205 the buyer program presents the extracted information to the user (that is, the buyer), and further displays a screen prompting the user (that is, the buyer) to input the information used for concluding the sales contract. If the buyer wishes to purchase multiple products, he / she uses the shopping cart technology well known on EC sites, etc., and once puts multiple products in the cart, he / she finally gives an instruction to purchase. You may.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the screen displayed in step S205.
  • This screen includes region 81, region 82, region 83, region 84, region 85, region 86, region 87, and region 88.
  • the area 81 is an area for displaying an image (or a photograph) of a product.
  • Area 82 is an area for displaying the price of goods and the country of export. The image, price, and exporting country of the product are indicated by the product information contained in the product code.
  • the area 83 is an area for displaying the UI object that accepts the input of the purchase quantity.
  • This UI object is an input box where the user enters a number. The purchase quantity is entered by the user (ie, the buyer).
  • Area 84 is an area for displaying the importing country.
  • the importing country is automatically determined by the buyer program based on the buyer's personal information (eg address).
  • the area 85 is an area for displaying a UI object that accepts input for import purposes.
  • this UI object is a pull-down menu type object in which the user selects an item.
  • Area 86 is an area for displaying the price, purchase quantity, and subtotal of goods, various costs such as tariffs, transportation costs, and insurance premiums, and the total amount thereof. Customs duties, transportation costs, insurance premiums, etc. are shown in the amount of the purchased quantity. This information will vary depending on the quantity purchased and the country of import. Therefore, the buyer program extracts the corresponding information from the product code according to the information input in the area 83, the area 84, and the area 85.
  • Area 87 is an area for displaying a transportation schedule.
  • the transportation schedule includes the flight number, ETD (Estimated Time of Departure), ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival, estimated time of arrival), and the transportation space number (for example, HAWB (House Air Waybill)).
  • the area 88 is an area for displaying a UI object that receives a manifestation of intention to purchase a product (or an instruction to conclude a sales contract).
  • the "purchase” button and the "cancel” button are displayed in the area 88.
  • the buyer program proceeds to step S206.
  • the "Cancel” button is selected, the buyer program moves to another screen (for example, a screen for selecting a product code).
  • Supplementary information about transportation costs displayed in area 86 In reality, shipping costs depend on the size of the box and the weight of the package.
  • a plurality of packing boxes of different sizes are prepared. For example, if the minimum size packing box for storing one product X of chocolate bar is box B1, the transportation cost included in the product code is to store one product X in box B1 and transport it. Represents the cost calculated under the assumption.
  • the box B1 has a size capable of storing two products X, it is efficient to store and transport the two products X in the box B1.
  • the product code contains information indicating the transportation cost on the assumption that one product X1 is stored in the box B1 and transported, but if the transportation cost indicated by this information is simply doubled, it will be an actual business. There is a risk of inconsistency.
  • One method is to use the amount of the transportation cost indicated by the product code added by the number of pieces as the transportation cost as it is.
  • Another method is to include in the product code, along with the shipping cost, information indicating the number range to which the shipping cost applies (for example, information that "the shipping cost is the same for up to 5 products x 5"), and the import / export support system 1 The transportation cost is calculated based on this information.
  • Yet another method uses techniques such as AI or machine learning to identify the smallest packing box to hold all selected items and assume that all items will be stored in this box for shipping costs. Is to be recalculated.
  • the import / export support system 1 calculates the transportation cost to be charged to the buyer by any one of these methods or another method.
  • the flight number, etc. will not be determined until the processing related to transportation (Section 2-6, Fig. 13), which will be described later, is performed, but for example, by making a tentative reservation (or tentative order) to the transportation contract server 24, the flight number etc. And HAWB can be obtained provisionally.
  • the buyer program uses this information to display the area 87.
  • the buyer program may be equipped with an automatic translation function.
  • the buyer program automatically translates various types of information into the buyer's designated language (for example, the buyer's native language). For example, when an introductory article (for example, a newspaper article) or instruction manual for the product is provided as related information on the product and the buyer program presents it to the user, it is drawn through the automatic translation function and translated into the native language. To do. Also, regarding costs, the buyer program may automatically convert currencies. In addition, translation and currency conversion may be implemented in software or equipment other than the buyer's program.
  • step S206 the buyer program transmits the purchase instruction of the product P to the management server 21.
  • the destination of the purchase instruction is specified in the buyer program or recorded in the product code.
  • This purchase instruction includes the product code and the buyer's personal code. It can be said that this purchase instruction is an import instruction for the product P.
  • the management server 21 processes the order.
  • the order processing includes (a) generation of an order number and (b) association between a personal code and a product code.
  • the order number is a number for uniquely identifying a sales transaction or a sales contract.
  • the sales transaction specified by the order number is referred to as a "target transaction”.
  • the management server 21 generates an order number according to a predetermined algorithm. Further, the management server 21 associates the personal code of the buyer with the product code of the target product. More specifically, the management server 21 generates one data set including the product code of the target product and the personal code of the buyer. The generation of this data set corresponds to the conclusion of a sales contract. The management server 21 associates this data set with the order number and writes it in the transaction database.
  • step S251 the management server 21 transmits a payment request to the payment server 22.
  • This payment request includes the buyer's payment information, payment amount, and order number.
  • the payment server 22 performs the payment process according to the request (step S252).
  • the payment server 22 notifies the management server 21 that the payment request has been approved (step S253).
  • the payment server 22 notifies the buyer terminal 12 to that effect (step S254). Further, the payment server 22 notifies the seller terminal 11 that the product has been purchased (the sales contract has been established) (step S255).
  • the management server 21 may inquire the product server 23 to see if the product code read by the buyer terminal 12 is genuine. This inquiry is made, for example, after receiving a shipping instruction from the buyer terminal 12. Alternatively, when the buyer terminal 12 reads the product code, the management server 21 may make an inquiry, and the management server 21 may transfer this inquiry to the product server 23. Upon receiving the inquiry, the product server 23 compares the product code included in the inquiry with the product code recorded in the product database. If there is a matching product code, the product code inquired is genuine. The product server 23 transmits the authentication result to the buyer terminal 12 of the inquiry source. If the authentication fails, the buyer terminal 12 performs error processing (for example, displaying an error message). If the authentication is successful, the buyer terminal 12 proceeds with the process.
  • error processing for example, displaying an error message
  • FIG. 13 is a sequence chart illustrating processing related to the transport of commodities.
  • the management server 21 instructs the transportation contract server 24 to start the processing (including the contract) related to the transportation (step S401). ).
  • the transportation contract server 24 Upon receiving an instruction from the management server 21, the transportation contract server 24 performs a process for securing the goods and the transportation means thereof (step S402). This process can be said to be a process related to a transportation contract.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the details of step S402.
  • the transportation contract server 24 requests the warehouse server 25 to allocate inventory. This request includes identification information and quantity of the target product, and an order number.
  • the warehouse server 25 allocates the requested inventory of goods to the target transaction (step S4022).
  • the warehouse server 25 sends a notification to the transportation contract server 24 that the allocation is completed (step S4023).
  • the transportation contract server 24 allocates transportation space (that is, empty space for cargo) to the target transaction.
  • the operator of this service or its cooperating operator secures a transportation space, for example, a container, cargo, or pallet for this service.
  • This cargo space is subdivided into predetermined unit blocks (for example, a space having a predetermined size such as 1 cubic cm), and goods to be transported using the blocks are assigned to each block.
  • the unit block may be a virtual one, or may be actually physically partitioned by a wall or the like.
  • the product allocation status for each block is managed by the database on the transportation contract server 24. In this database, the transportation contract server 24 records the order number of the target transaction in the record of the allocated unit space. This process corresponds to the conclusion of a transportation contract.
  • the transportation contract server 24 issues a receipt, for example, HAWB (House Air Way Bill) to the management server 21 (step S403).
  • the management server 21 updates the transaction database (step S404). Specifically, the management server 21 adds the receipt data to the record of the target transaction in the transaction database.
  • the management server 21 instructs the warehouse server 25 to ship the target product (step S405).
  • This instruction includes the order number of the target transaction and the information to be included in the import / export documents.
  • the warehouse server 25 Upon receiving the product shipping instruction, the warehouse server 25 automatically generates an import / export document based on this instruction (step S406).
  • the warehouse server 25 prints the generated import / export document (step S407).
  • the import / export document also includes information that identifies the container on which the cargo is loaded and the unit space within the container. Instead of printing the import / export documents, the electronic data of the import / export documents may be distributed to related parties such as workers. Further, the warehouse server 25 outputs a work instruction to the warehouse worker (step S408).
  • This work order contains information that identifies the packaging box, goods, and import / export documents.
  • the worker picks up the goods and the packing box in the warehouse and packs the goods in the packing box.
  • the worker also picks up the printed import / export documents and attaches them to the packing box filled with the goods.
  • Workers ship the cargo (ie, packing boxes) thus prepared to the forwarder's designated warehouse.
  • the forwarder transports the cargo to the destination.
  • At least a part of the generation of import / export documents, the pick-up of goods and goods boxes in the warehouse, the packing, the attachment of export information, and the shipment may be unmanned by utilizing robots, drones, AI, and the like.
  • the seller If the product is stored in a place other than the warehouse managed by the affiliated warehouse company of the import / export support system 1, such as the seller's home, the seller himself / herself instead of packing the product in the packing box by the warehouse worker. May be packed in a packing box.
  • the seller packs the goods before the order from the buyer or after the order.
  • the packing box is delivered to the seller's home from the operator or affiliated business operator of the import / export support system 1, for example, when the seller registers the product.
  • the seller packs the goods at home and sends them to the warehouse.
  • the warehouse operator who received the packed product registers the product as inventory in the warehouse server 25.
  • the packing box When packing after receiving an order, for example, when the management server 21 receives an order, the packing box is delivered to the seller's home from the operator or affiliated business operator of the import / export support system 1.
  • the packing box displays the order number of the transaction (eg by label).
  • the seller packs the goods at home and sends them to the warehouse.
  • the warehouse operator who receives the packed goods automatically generates import / export documents, attaches them to the cargo, and ships them to the forwarder's designated warehouse.
  • the operator or affiliated business operator of the import / export support system 1 may send the import / export documents to the seller together with the packing box.
  • the seller packs the goods at home, attaches the import / export documents, and ships them to the forwarder's designated warehouse.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating processing related to the preliminary examination.
  • Preliminary inspection means that even before the cargo arrives in the importing country (for example, Japan) or before the completion of import-related procedures such as import approval certificate, import / export documents must be submitted to customs for customs inspection and inspection. A system that allows you to receive advance notice of denial.
  • the warehouse server 25 When undergoing a preliminary examination regarding the import of the goods related to the target transaction, the warehouse server 25 also transmits the generated import / export document data to the forwarder terminal 13 (step S410). The forwarder terminal 13 requests the customs server 26 for a preliminary examination (step S411).
  • Whether or not to undergo the preliminary examination may be determined by the buyer or the forwarder worker (human), and the computer device such as the forwarder terminal 13 automatically follows a predetermined algorithm or uses a technique such as machine learning. You may judge it.
  • the customs server 26 receives a request for preliminary examination, the customs officer performs the preliminary examination according to the request.
  • the customs officer inputs the result of the examination into the customs server 26.
  • the customs server 26 transmits the examination result to the forwarder terminal 13 (step S412).
  • the forwarder terminal 13 notifies the warehouse server 25 of the examination result (step S413).
  • the warehouse server 25 After transmitting the data of the import / export documents to the forwarder terminal 13, the warehouse server 25 performs a process for shipping the cargo independently of the notification of approval of the preliminary examination (step S414).
  • the forwarder Upon obtaining an import permit from customs, the forwarder notifies the import / export support system 1 that the transportation has been completed.
  • This notification includes information that identifies the transaction, such as the order number.
  • the import / export support system 1 extracts the record of the transaction from the transaction database and registers necessary information (tariff rate, etc.) in the import / export database. If the information used in this transaction is incorrect, the person notified of the error will correct the information. Information on correcting this error is registered in the import / export database.
  • the import / export procedure is automatically performed even if the seller and the buyer of the product do not perform the import / export procedure by themselves.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of product code distribution.
  • an example of an SNS screen when a user U, who is a seller, posts a message about a product he / she sells on the SNS is shown. This message may be open to an unspecified number of users, or may be open only to a specific user.
  • user U has a product code with the message, "This is a newly released chocolate product P. We use only Ghanaian cacao and no preservatives or colorings.” You are posting (ie an image).
  • the user Y (that is, the buyer) who decides to purchase the product P after reading the post of the user U activates the buyer program on the smartphone (that is, the buyer terminal 12) that he / she uses and reads the product code.
  • the user Y orders the product according to the procedure described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 13.
  • the product code is distributed via the website.
  • This website may be a website of an individual user who is a seller (for example, a blog), or a website (for example, an EC site) that collects products of a plurality of sellers. Users who view these websites can purchase this product by having the product code read in the buyer program.
  • the product code is distributed to specific users via SNS direct messages or email messages. The user who sees these messages can purchase this product by reading the product code in the buyer program.
  • the documents required for import / export are automatically generated by the import / export support system 1, and the import / export procedure automatically proceeds.
  • the product code is distributed (or displayed) on the EC site.
  • the EC site assigns a search index to a plurality of products and displays information on the products extracted in response to a search request from a user.
  • at least a part of the information included in the product code may be used as an index for searching.
  • the product may be searched by keyword. For example, when products X exhibited by a plurality of sellers (that is, sellers) in different exporting countries are extracted, these products X (with different sellers) are sorted and displayed in ascending order of transportation cost and tariff, for example. May be done.
  • this EC site may accept input of word-of-mouth or evaluation (score) for at least one of goods, sellers, tariff rates, and transportation costs.
  • This evaluation may be transmitted to the import / export support system 1 and recorded in a user database or the like. This review or rating may be provided upon request from the client.
  • Non-Internet media include print media (eg, newspapers, magazines, books, or leaflets), television broadcasts, and computer-readable recording media (wireless tags such as RFID, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or flash memory). Is included.
  • a seller, a person entrusted by the seller, or a person with the permission of the seller publishes an article introducing the product in a magazine.
  • the product code is included in this introductory article.
  • a user that is, a buyer who decides to purchase a product after reading this article activates a buyer program on his / her smartphone (that is, a buyer terminal 12) and reads the product code.
  • this user orders a product according to the procedure described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 13.
  • the product code may be displayed in the physical store. This is particularly effective when a traveler traveling to a foreign country (or a country other than the country of residence) sends the goods purchased at the local physical store as a separate shipment (Unaccompanied Baggage) to the country of residence.
  • Store S is a souvenir store affiliated with the import / export support system 1 in Country A.
  • a card on which the product code of the product is written is placed together with the products handled in the store S such as the actual product, a sample, a free sample, or a sample food.
  • the user U who is the buyer, reserves the packing box and its transportation space for sending the separately shipped goods in the import / export support system 1 before traveling to the country A.
  • the import / export support system 1 issues information (for example, a reservation number or HAWB) that identifies this reservation, and notifies the user terminal (buyer terminal 12) of the user U.
  • User U selects a product to purchase by picking up or eating a real product, a sample, a free sample, or a sample food in the store S. User U picks up the card of the selected product and brings it to the cash register.
  • a computer device an example of a store terminal
  • the buyer program of the import / export support system is installed is placed at the cash register of the store S.
  • the clerk of the store S first accepts the input of the reservation number using this computer device.
  • the buyer program identifies the packing box and the buyer from this reservation number.
  • the clerk uses this computer device to read the product code of the target product from the card brought by the user U.
  • the buyer program determines if the target product fits in the identified box.
  • the buyer program determines whether all of the multiple target products fit in the packing box. This judgment is made using information indicating the size of the target product and the size of the packing box. This determination may be made according to a predetermined algorithm, or so-called AI technology may be used. If it is determined that the target product does not fit in the packing box, the user is warned to that effect.
  • the process of reading the product code in the computer device of the cash register is a process corresponding to steps S203 to S205 of FIG. In that sense, it can be said that the cashier's computer device functions as the buyer terminal 12.
  • the clerk After reading the product code of all the target products, the clerk inputs the purchase instruction from the computer device of the cash register. This computer device transmits a purchase instruction to the management server 21.
  • the processes after step S207 in FIG. 11 are performed.
  • the payment process may be performed on the import / export support system 1 (by the payment server 22) or outside this system (for example, by using cash or a credit card). In either case, in addition to the product price, costs including various costs such as customs duties and transportation volume are settled.
  • the import / export support system 1 may adopt code payment such as so-called QR code (registered trademark) payment as the payment method.
  • the payment code since the payment code may be read after the product code is read, that is, the payment code can be read by the same means as the product code, which is compatible with the system configuration.
  • the clerk inputs the information that the payment is completed to the import / export support system 1.
  • the processes of step S255 and FIG. 13 and subsequent steps are performed, and the product is shipped.
  • the user U may take the product itself to the cash register instead of taking the card to the cash register.
  • the clerk asks the customer (user U) whether to purchase the product on the spot or transport it as a separate shipment before or after reading the barcode of the product with the computer device of the cash register.
  • the clerk inputs one to the cashier's computer device according to the customer's answer.
  • the cashier's computer device transmits a purchase instruction to the management server 21.
  • a computer device for example, a mobile terminal such as a smartphone
  • the user U may be used as the buyer terminal 12 instead of the computer device installed in the store.
  • the user does not need to bring the card to the cashier and reads the product code with his / her smartphone on which the buyer program is installed.
  • the packing box is reserved in advance. After reading the product codes of all the target products, the user U inputs a purchase instruction from his / her smartphone.
  • the computer device installed in the store may read the barcode printed on the product package instead of reading the product code.
  • This computer device identifies the product from the read barcode.
  • This computer device adds the identifier of the store (or its operator) to the identifier of the specified product as the identifier of the seller, and requests the management server 21 to transmit the corresponding product code.
  • the management server 21 transmits the requested product code to the requesting computer device.
  • the computer device owned by the user U may read the barcode printed on the package of the product instead of the computer device installed in the store. In this case, the computer device possessed by the user U acquires information that identifies the seller separately from this barcode.
  • the information that identifies the seller is, for example, a two-dimensional bar code presented next to the cash register.
  • the information that identifies the seller may be the location information of the computer device possessed by the user U.
  • the information that identifies the seller may be the SSID (Service Set IDentifier) of the access point of the public wireless LAN provided at this store.
  • SSID Service Set IDentifier
  • the product code is recorded (or output) on the wireless tag as data, not as a visible code.
  • This wireless tag is affixed to goods, packaging boxes, import / export documents, or invoices.
  • a wireless tag reader for example, at the entrance of a container, it is possible to record the product code of the cargo loaded in the container.
  • the location of the cargo can be known by collating the operating status (or location information) of the aircraft or ship carrying the container with the correspondence between the container and the cargo.
  • the import / export support system 1 can output the location of the product in real time all over the world. From this information, the user can know the distribution amount of the product and can confirm the popularity of the product.
  • the wireless device used in this example is not limited to a passive device (wireless tag), and may be an active wireless device that emits radio waves.
  • the operator, warehouse operator, or forwarder of the import / export support system 1 can also load the goods for which the buyer has not been determined into the container as cargo.
  • the buyer can place an order for the goods loaded in the container and for which the buyer has not been determined in the import / export support system 1.
  • Buyers can benefit from faster delivery because they can place orders for goods that are already in the container and are in motion.
  • a wireless tag for the import / export support system 1 to grasp the position of the cargo being transported, and a product code which is a visible code is printed on the outside of the packing box or on the import / export document. Can be associated with the container and the cargo by reading the above with a computer device.
  • the management server 21 is required to perform a process corresponding to the flow of FIG. 8 on the product, for example, when the product is placed in the cart or when the purchase of the product is instructed. Information may be collected.
  • the packing box used for transportation is specified as follows, for example.
  • the transportation contract server 24 makes an inquiry to the packing box DB 32.
  • This inquiry includes the size and quantity of the ordered items.
  • the size of the product is represented by the length, width, and height. Alternatively, the size of the goods may be expressed in volume.
  • the packing box DB 32 identifies a packing box capable of storing the size and number of products included in the inquiry.
  • the packing box DB 32 may specify a packing box capable of storing the designated product by a predetermined algorithm, or may be specified by using AI technology or the like.
  • the packing box DB 32 transmits the identification information of the specified packing box to the transportation contract server 24.
  • the packing box DB 32 may consider not only the size of the product but also the weight. For example, the packing box DB 32, in which a weight range (or an upper limit value) within a fixed charge is set for each packing box, determines whether the total weight of a plurality of ordered products falls within this weight range. If the total weight of the ordered plurality of goods exceeds this weight range, the packing box DB 32 selects a larger packing box.
  • the system configuration of the import / export support system 1 is not limited to that illustrated in the embodiment.
  • a function implemented in another server may be implemented in a single server.
  • two or more of the management server 21, the product server 23, the transportation contract server 24, the import / export DB 31, and the packing box DB 32 may be mounted on a single device.
  • a single server that implements these functions may cooperate with the server of the EC site or the actual store and provide the tariff information obtained from the import / export history to the server of the EC site.
  • the functions implemented on a single server in the embodiment may be implemented separately on a plurality of servers.
  • the business operators involved in the import / export support system 1 are not limited to those illustrated in the embodiment.
  • forwarder or customs operations may be unmanned by utilizing AI, drones, robots, and the like.
  • Software such as the seller program, the buyer program, and the management server program may be provided in a state of being recorded on a computer-readable non-temporary recording medium such as a CD-ROM.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'aide à l'importation/exportation qui comprend : un moyen de réception qui reçoit un enregistrement d'un produit devant être exporté à partir d'un pays d'exportation ; un moyen d'extraction 92 qui se réfère à un historique qui est enregistré dans une base de données dans laquelle sont enregistrés des historiques d'importation/exportation, et qui montre qu'un produit du même type que le produit à exporter, dont l'enregistrement a été reçu, a été importé/exporté du pays d'exportation à un pays d'importation, le moyen d'extraction 92 extrayant, à partir de l'historique, des informations d'importation/exportation utilisées pour importer et exporter le produit à exporter ; un moyen de conversion de données 93 qui convertit les informations d'importation/exportation extraites en un format de données ; et un moyen de sortie 94 qui délivre en sortie les informations d'importation/exportation qui ont été converties dans le format de données.
PCT/JP2019/017453 2019-04-24 2019-04-24 Système d'aide à l'importation/exportation et procédé d'aide à l'importation/exportation WO2020217344A1 (fr)

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