WO2020215653A1 - 列车及列车供水系统 - Google Patents

列车及列车供水系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020215653A1
WO2020215653A1 PCT/CN2019/115213 CN2019115213W WO2020215653A1 WO 2020215653 A1 WO2020215653 A1 WO 2020215653A1 CN 2019115213 W CN2019115213 W CN 2019115213W WO 2020215653 A1 WO2020215653 A1 WO 2020215653A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
train
dirt
box
tank
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/115213
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨旭升
周文涛
鄢桂珍
王冰松
贾树峰
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
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Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Publication of WO2020215653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020215653A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61C—LOCOMOTIVES; MOTOR RAILCARS
    • B61C17/00—Arrangement or disposition of parts; Details or accessories not otherwise provided for; Use of control gear and control systems
    • B61C17/02—Bunkers; Tanks; Tenders; Water or fuel pick-up or scoop apparatus; Water or fuel supply fittings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D35/00—Sanitation
    • B61D35/002—Washing facilities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D35/00—Sanitation
    • B61D35/005—Toilet facilities

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of train water supply and drainage, and in particular to trains and train water supply systems.
  • railway trains are commonly used outbound transportation in people's daily life.
  • the trains are usually equipped with water tanks, and the water tanks provide water for passengers on the trains.
  • the train water supply system mainly provides a variety of water, such as drinking water, kitchen water, bar water, electric boiler, washing water, toilet flushing water, and cleaning water.
  • the water tank is connected to the electric water boiler through the pipeline, and the electric water boiler boils water for drinking and washing; the water from the water tank passes through the branch pipe to the toilet flush valve.
  • the button can be pressed at any time to flush.
  • the water supply method at the bottom of the train in the prior art is realized in two ways: electric pump and air pressure.
  • the electric pump method uses an electric water pump to pressurize the water supply.
  • the disadvantage is that the electric pump is more sensitive to the conveying medium. In order to make the electric pump operate normally, a more complicated system is required, so the equipment investment and maintenance cost are high.
  • the electric pump system often has problems such as frequent start-up of the water pump, blockage resulting in burnout, poor start-up and exhaust of the water pump, water leakage, and idling.
  • the electric pump due to the poor self-priming ability of the electric pump, it is generally suspended and installed under the train floor together with the clean water tank.
  • the electric pump failed while the train was running, and online maintenance was not possible.
  • this kind of water supply system realizes the pressurized water supply at the bottom of the train, the system is more complicated and the failure rate of the electric pump system is high. If the electric pump fails, it can only be stopped for maintenance.
  • Pneumatic water supply uses compressed air from the train's air supply system to directly pressurize the clean water in the clean water tank at the bottom of the train.
  • the purpose of the present disclosure is to provide trains and train water supply systems to solve at least one of the above-mentioned problems.
  • the present disclosure provides a train water supply system, including a toilet, a washing facility, and a water tank.
  • the water tank is arranged above the toilet and the washing facility and installed on the top of the carriage.
  • the water tank is respectively connected with the toilet and the washing facility through a water supply pipe; the toilet and the washing facility are arranged at the end of the same carriage; further comprising: a dirt tank and a transfer box, the dirt
  • the cargo box is arranged in the car, the dirt box is a vertical structure, the upper part is provided with a dirt inlet, the bottom is fixed to the car body underframe, and the side is fixed to the side wall of the car body;
  • the transfer box is at the bottom of the car and is
  • the sewage outlet of the toilet is in communication with the waste water outlet of the washing facility;
  • the sewage discharge port at the lower part of the transfer box is connected with the sewage inlet of the sewage tank to perform pressure-pushing lift discharge;
  • the transfer box It is connected with the ejector to form
  • water inlet pipes are respectively connected to two or more sides of the water tank, and each water inlet pipe is respectively connected to a water injection port, and a level gauge is arranged in the water tank, and the level gauge is connected to the water tank. External liquid level indicator connection.
  • a plurality of protrusions are provided on the top of the water tank, and an overflow pipe is provided at the protrusions, the overflow pipe passes through the water tank, and the height of the water inlet of the overflow pipe It is higher than the height of the position where the protrusion is not provided on the top of the water tank.
  • the water inlet pipe passes through the wall of the water tank and extends to the protrusion, and the water outlet of the water inlet pipe is higher than the position where the protrusion is not provided on the top of the water tank. height.
  • a drain pipe is provided at the bottom of the water tank, and a drain solenoid valve is provided on the drain pipe; the drain solenoid valve is provided with a manual control key, and/or the drain solenoid valve is connected to the train control System connection; and/or, a wave breaker is provided in the water tank.
  • a dirt outlet is provided at the bottom of the dirt tank for connecting with an external dirt suction device, and a dirt suction control valve is provided at the dirt outlet.
  • a flushing inlet is further provided at the bottom of the dirt tank for connecting with an external cleaning device, and a flushing control valve is provided at the flushing inlet.
  • a plurality of level gauges are arranged in the dirt tank, and the plurality of level gauges are arranged at intervals in a direction from the bottom of the dirt tank to the top of the dirt tank.
  • the ejector is in communication with the train pneumatic control panel.
  • the dirt box is installed on the underframe of the vehicle body by bolts, a connecting plate is provided on the side of the dirt box, and the connecting plate is connected to the side wall chute of the vehicle body by bolts.
  • a water pressurizing unit is provided in the water outlet tank of the toilet, and the water pressurizing unit is in communication with the train pneumatic control panel.
  • connection between the washing facility and the transfer box is as follows: a waste water temporary storage box is arranged at the bottom of the washing facility, and the waste water temporary storage box is connected to the transfer box.
  • Pressure protection device is installed at the water inlet pipe of washing facilities.
  • the washing facilities include a wash basin, a sanitary ware basin and/or a water boiler.
  • the present disclosure also provides a train in which the train water supply system is installed.
  • the water supply system in the technical solution provided by the present disclosure moves the water tank from the bottom of the vehicle to the roof, and is arranged above the toilet and washing facilities.
  • the water tank uses gravity to supply water to the toilet and washing facilities, reducing the risk of water leakage and the risk of water leakage. harm.
  • the overall layout of water tank, toilet and washing facilities is compact, energy consumption is small, pipeline layout is short, and maintenance is convenient.
  • the dirt box and the toilet, transfer box, and washing facilities on the train are all arranged in the car, with a compact layout and simple pipe connection.
  • the dirt box has a vertical structure, which can be placed on the underframe of the car body and installed on the side wall of the car body to achieve stable installation.
  • the vertical structure makes full use of the height space of the car compartment, and reduces the horizontal space of the dirt box to improve The utilization rate of the carriage.
  • the top of the dirt box is equipped with a sewage inlet, which overcomes the height difference between the sewage outlet of the transfer box and the sewage inlet of the dirt box through pressure push, and solves the problem of using the lift to discharge sewage.
  • the dirt box structure installed in the car has a higher safety factor, less energy consumption, convenient maintenance, and saves the space under the car compared to the box body hoisted under the car. It is especially suitable for vehicles with small space under the car, such as double Layer car.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a train water supply system in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a train water supply system in an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the dirt box installed on the underframe of the vehicle body in an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the dirt box installed on the side wall of the vehicle body in an embodiment of the disclosure
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic diagram of A in Fig. 4.
  • connection should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can be fixed or detachable. Connected or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • First”, “Second”, “Third”, and “Fourth” do not represent any sequence relationship, but are just for the convenience of description. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms in the present disclosure can be understood in specific situations. In the text, “up” and “down” are defined by the specific position in the use of the product.
  • this disclosure provides train water supply systems and trains.
  • the present disclosure provides a train water supply system, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which includes: a toilet, a washing facility, and a water tank 21.
  • the water tank 21 is arranged above the toilet and the washing facility and is installed on the top of the carriage; the water tanks 21 are respectively It is connected to the toilet and washing facilities through a water supply pipe; the toilet and washing facilities are arranged at the end of the same carriage; it also includes: a dirt box 6 and a transfer box.
  • the dirt box 6 is arranged in the car, and the dirt box 6 is vertical
  • the upper part is equipped with a sewage inlet, the bottom of which is fixed to the underframe of the car body, and the side is fixed to the side wall of the car body;
  • the transfer box is located at the bottom of the car compartment, respectively connected with the sewage outlet of the toilet and the waste water outlet of the washing facility;
  • the lower part of the transfer box The sewage discharge port is connected with the sewage inlet of the sewage tank 6 to perform pressure-pushing lift discharge;
  • the transfer box is connected with the ejector 16 to form a negative pressure environment;
  • the transfer box is also connected with the train pneumatic control panel to form a lift Pressure environment for sewage discharge.
  • the water tank 21 is moved from the bottom of the vehicle to the roof, and is set above the toilet and washing facilities.
  • the water tank 21, the toilet and the washing facilities are integrated, and the water tank 21, the toilet and the toilet are integrated.
  • the washing facility is located in a limited space that extends to the roof of the vehicle, and the water tank 21 is located in the area where the space extends to the roof of the vehicle.
  • the overall layout is compact and the pipeline is short.
  • the water tank 21 is hoisted on the top of the vehicle, the installation process is simple, the structure of the water tank 21 is relatively simple, and the weight is light.
  • the entire train uses low energy consumption, short pipeline layout, and convenient maintenance.
  • the dirt tank 6 and the toilet, transfer box, and washing facilities on the train are all arranged in the car, with a compact layout structure and simple pipe connection.
  • the dirt box 6 has a vertical structure, which can be placed on the underframe of the car body, and installed on the side wall of the car body to achieve stable installation.
  • the vertical structure makes full use of the height space of the carriage and reduces the horizontal space of the dirt box 6 , Improve the utilization rate of the carriage.
  • the top of the dirt box 6 is provided with a sewage inlet, which overcomes the height difference between the sewage outlet of the transfer box and the sewage inlet of the dirt box 6 through pressure pushing, and solves the problem of using the lift to discharge sewage.
  • the structure of the dirt box 6 arranged in the vehicle has a high safety factor compared to the prior art lifting box under the vehicle, and saves the under-vehicle space, and is especially suitable for vehicles with small under-vehicle space, such as double-decker vehicles.
  • the water tank 21 is preferably bolted to the top of the carriage.
  • the water tank 21 is provided with a connecting piece, the connecting piece is perforated, the top of the carriage is perforated, and the bolt passes through the two perforations to be fixedly connected.
  • welding or riveting can also be used.
  • the water supply pipes respectively communicate with the water tank 21 and the toilet and washing facilities.
  • the water supply pipes are respectively provided with control valves.
  • the water valve 24 When water is used, the water valve 24 is opened.
  • the water valve is preferably opened manually.
  • the washing facility is an electric heater, as passengers use water, the amount of water in the electric heater decreases.
  • the water pipe between the water tank 21 and the electric heater supplements the water from the water tank 21 to the electric heater. .
  • the water tank 21 is made of corrosion-resistant material, which meets the drinking water storage requirements, and a wave-proof plate is arranged in the water tank 21 to reduce the impact force of the water in the water tank 21 under the listed movement.
  • the water tank 21 adopts a welding structure to effectively prevent electrochemical corrosion.
  • the water equipment also includes a toilet, a transfer box 15, a washing facility and a dirt box 6.
  • the dirt box 6 is arranged in the car.
  • the dirt box 6 is a vertical structure with a dirt inlet on the upper part and a bottom fixed on the car body
  • the underframe 18 is fixed on the side wall 19 of the vehicle body;
  • the transfer box 15 is located at the bottom of the vehicle compartment and is respectively connected with the sewage outlet of the toilet and the waste water outlet of the washing facility;
  • the sewage discharge port at the lower part of the transfer box 15 is connected to the sewage tank 6
  • the sewage inlet is connected to perform pressure-pushing lift discharge;
  • the transfer box 15 is connected with the ejector 16 to form a negative pressure environment;
  • the transfer box 15 is also connected with the train pneumatic control panel 1 to form a pressure environment for lift discharge.
  • the toilet and washing facilities are connected with the transfer box 15 to transfer dirt or waste water into the transfer box 15.
  • the transfer box 15 communicates with the ejector 16, and through the action of the ejector 16, a negative pressure is formed in the transfer box 15 to suck dirt and waste water into the transfer box 15 to form a vacuum transfer effect.
  • the ejector 16 is connected to the train pneumatic control panel 1, and the train pneumatic control panel 1 supplies air to the ejector 16.
  • the transfer box 15 is connected to the dirt box 6, and the dirt discharge port of the transfer box 15 (mainly discharges dirt and waste water) is connected to the dirt inlet of the dirt box 6, and the dirt and waste water in the transfer box 15 are transferred to the dirt Box 6 save.
  • the dirt box 6 Since the dirt discharge port of the transfer box 15 is located at the bottom of the transfer box 15, the dirt box 6 stores dirt to the maximum amount in order to avoid leakage of dirt, and the dirt inlet is arranged at the upper part of the dirt box 6, and the dirt box 6 For the vertical structure, there is a large height difference between the sewage discharge port and the sewage inlet.
  • the transfer box 15 In order to transfer the dirt and waste water of the transfer box 15 to the dirt tank 6, the transfer box 15 is connected with the train pneumatic control panel 1, and the atmospheric pressure is supplied to the transfer box 15 through the train pneumatic control panel 1 to push the dirt and waste water to In the dirt box 6.
  • the use of high air pressure solves the problem of lift discharge.
  • the dirt box 6 is set in the car, close to the toilet, washing facilities, etc., to avoid laying multiple cables, and the structure is compact, the space in the car is effectively used, and the installation and maintenance are extremely small when the space under the car is small. The problem of inconvenience. Moreover, when installed in the car, the safety and stability have been greatly improved.
  • Water inlet pipes are provided on both sides of the water tank 21 respectively, and each water inlet pipe is respectively connected with the water injection port 26.
  • the water tank 21 is provided with a level gauge 22 which is connected to the level indicator 25 outside the water tank 21 through a cable 23.
  • the water inlet pipes enter water from different sides of the water tank 21, on the one hand, improve the water inlet efficiency, and supply water at multiple locations, reducing the flow of water in the water tank 21 and improving the water inlet efficiency.
  • the connection between the water tank 21 and the water inlet pipe may be such that the water inlet pipe passes through the water tank 21, and the wall of the water tank 21 and the water inlet pipe are sealed.
  • the level gauge 22 in the water tank 21 may adopt a level detection structure sealed to measure the water level. When the level gauge 22 is in contact with water to measure the page, the level gauge 22 needs to be sealed.
  • the liquid level gauge 22 transmits the detected amount to the liquid level indicator 25, and the liquid level indicator 25 can externally display the liquid level data.
  • the two are connected by wireless or wired signals.
  • the signal connection refers to the interactive connection of signal sending and signal receiving.
  • a plurality of protrusions are set on the top of the water tank 21, and overflow pipes are set at the protrusions.
  • the overflow pipe passes through the water tank 21.
  • the height of the water inlet is higher than the height of the position where the top of the water tank 21 is not provided with protrusions, that is, higher than the height of the top surface of the water tank 21.
  • the protrusion is higher than the top level of the water tank 21.
  • the water inlet pipe 28 passes through the wall of the water tank 21 and extends to the protrusion.
  • the height of the water outlet of the water inlet pipe is higher than the height of the position where the protrusion is not provided on the top of the water tank 21.
  • the water inlet pipe sends water down from the raised portion, which can reduce the pressure of the water in the water tank 21 on the water inlet pipe, and at the same time prevent the water from returning from the water inlet pipe after the water tank 21 is full.
  • the height of the water inlet of the water inlet pipe is higher than the height of the water inlet of the overflow pipe, which can prevent the water tank 21 from being overfilled with water.
  • a drain pipe is provided at the bottom of the water tank 21, and a drain solenoid valve 27 is provided on the drain pipe; the drain solenoid valve 27 is provided with a manual control key, and/or the drain solenoid valve 27 is connected to the train control system.
  • the manual control valve is convenient for manual water discharge, and when the power fails to automatically discharge the water, the manual water discharge is used to solve the problem of power failure.
  • the bottom of the water tank 21 is provided with a drain port, and the drain pipe is connected to the drain port to facilitate the lead of water out of the water tank 21 and discharge.
  • the method of installing the drain solenoid valve 27 on the drain pipe can refer to many existing methods. Here, the focus is on the control method combining manual and automatic control.
  • a drain is provided at the bottom of the water tank 21 to achieve the purpose of antifreeze emptying.
  • the bottom of the dirt box 6 is provided with a dirt outlet for connection External dirt suction device, dirt suction control valve is set at the dirt outlet.
  • the external dirt suction device is connected to the dirt outlet, the dirt suction control valve is opened, and the dirt can be sucked out by the external dirt suction device to keep the dirt tank 6 hygienic.
  • the water tank 21 is installed on the bottom of the train and cannot be removed for cleaning, it can only be cleaned by spraying water in the water tank 21, but the side wall and top plate of the water tank 21 cannot be cleaned by using water spray. , Resulting in inconvenient and unclean cleaning of the water tank 21.
  • the water tank 21 is placed on the roof of the car, and the bottom of the dirt tank 6 is also provided with a flushing inlet for connecting to an external cleaning device.
  • a flushing control valve is set at the flushing inlet.
  • the flushing control valve is opened and the external cleaning device The cleaning of the dirt box 6 is started. After the dirt in the dirt box 6 is sucked out, in order to clean and hygienic inside the dirt box 6 to prevent the residue in the dirt box 6 from corroding the inner wall of the dirt box 6 and keep the dirt box 6 clean and hygienic.
  • a level gauge 7 is installed in the dirt box 6 to detect the amount of dirt at all times.
  • the level gauge 7 is connected to the train control system to send the dirt to the train control system in real time the amount.
  • both float level gauges are connected to the control system; when the amount of dirt reaches the second float level, the suction device needs to be activated to suck out the dirt in the dirt tank 6, and when it reaches The liquid level of the first float is timed, and the suction can be stopped.
  • the bottom of the dirt box 6 is provided with a dirt outlet and a flushing inlet.
  • the external suction device is connected to the dirt outlet.
  • the dirt suction control valve at the dirt outlet is opened, and the dirt comes from the dirt box. 6 transfers.
  • the external flushing is transferred to the flushing inlet, and the dirt tank 6 is flushed with water or high-pressure water. The flushing water can be sucked out from the dirt outlet.
  • the bottom of the dirt box 6 is installed on the underframe 18 of the car body, and the side is installed on the side wall of the car body.
  • the bottom of the dirt box 6 is provided with a mounting piece, and the mounting piece has screw holes. / Or a threaded hole, the screw/bolt 17 passes through the screw hole/bolt hole and is installed in a hole opened in a corresponding position of the vehicle body underframe 18.
  • the side of the car body is provided with a chute 20, and the side of the dirt box 6 is provided with a connecting piece. The connecting piece slides into the chute 20 and is fixed to the side wall 19 of the vehicle body by bolts 17, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the above-mentioned urinals include urinals, toilets, and squatting urinals.
  • the urinals are connected to the outlet tank, and the outlet tank is provided with a water booster unit 2, a water booster unit 2 and a train pneumatic control panel 1. Connected.
  • the water pressurizing unit 2 introduces the air from the train pneumatic control panel 1 to generate air pressure and supply a high-pressure water flow into the toilet, so that the water flow can wash away the dirt in the toilet.
  • the washing facilities include a hand basin, a sanitary ware pool 8, an electric water heater 9, etc.
  • the bottom drain pipes of each washing facility are connected to the waste water temporary storage tank 5, the waste water temporary storage tank 5 and the transfer box 15 Connected, the transfer box 15 forms a negative pressure through the ejector 16 and sucks the water in the waste water temporary storage tank 5 into the transfer box 15.
  • a pressure protection device 4 is provided at the water inlet pipe of the washing facility, and the pressure protection device 4 can relieve high water pressure.
  • the following provides a train water supply system, which includes a dirt tank 6, a transfer box 15, an ejector 16, a toilet 12, a squatting toilet 11, a wash basin 3, a sanitary ware pool 8 and an electric water boiler 9, and a pneumatic control panel 1.
  • the dirt box 6 is installed in the vehicle, the bottom is installed on the underframe 18 of the vehicle body through bolts 17, and the side is installed in the chute 20 of the side wall of the vehicle body through bolts 17.
  • the upper part of the dirt tank 6 is equipped with a dirt inlet, and the dirt inlet and the bottom of the transfer box 15 are discharged from the bottom.
  • the transfer box 15 is in communication with the pneumatic control panel 1, and the dirt pushing pressure is formed through the pneumatic control panel 1 to form a lift discharge.
  • the bottom of the wash basin 3, the sanitary ware pool 8 and the electric water boiler 9 are all set up with a waste water temporary storage tank 5, the water inlet is provided with a pressure protection device 4, the waste water temporary storage tank 5 is connected with the transfer box 15, and the transfer box 15 is connected with the ejector 16, The ejector 16 communicates with the pneumatic control panel 1.
  • the water inlet structure of the toilet 12 and the squatting toilet 11 are equipped with a water pressurizing unit 2 which is connected to the pneumatic control panel 1.
  • the vehicle floor 10 is provided on the vehicle body underframe 18.
  • the present disclosure also provides a train with the above-mentioned train water supply system installed in the train body.
  • the toilet and washing facilities are connected to the transfer box 15, and a waste water control valve 13 is provided at the entrance of the transfer box to transfer dirt or waste water into the transfer box 15.
  • the transfer box 15 communicates with the ejector 16, and through the action of the ejector 16, a negative pressure is formed in the transfer box 15 to suck dirt and waste water into the transfer box 15 to form a vacuum transfer effect.
  • the ejector 16 is connected to the train pneumatic control panel 1, and the train pneumatic control panel 1 supplies air to the ejector 16.
  • the transfer box 15 is connected to the dirt box 6, and the dirt discharge port of the transfer box 15 (mainly discharges dirt and waste water) is connected to the dirt inlet of the dirt box 6, and the dirt and waste water in the transfer box 15 are transferred to the dirt Box 6 save. Since the dirt discharge port of the transfer box 15 is located at the bottom of the transfer box 15, the dirt box 6 stores dirt to the maximum amount in order to avoid leakage of dirt, and the dirt inlet is arranged at the upper part of the dirt box 6, and the dirt box 6 For the vertical structure, there is a large height difference between the sewage discharge port and the sewage inlet.
  • the transfer box 15 In order to transfer the dirt and waste water of the transfer box 15 to the dirt tank 6, the transfer box 15 is connected with the train pneumatic control panel 1, and the atmospheric pressure is supplied to the transfer box 15 through the train pneumatic control panel 1 to push the dirt and waste water to In the dirt box 6.
  • the use of high air pressure solves the problem of lift discharge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vehicle Waterproofing, Decoration, And Sanitation Devices (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)

Abstract

列车及列车供水系统，将水箱（21）从车底移到车顶，并设置在便池和洗漱设施上方，水箱（21）通过重力向便池和洗漱设施供水，减小漏水风险及漏水造成的危害。水箱（21）、便池和洗漱设施的整体布局紧凑，能耗小，管路布置短，检修维护都方便。污物箱（6）与列车上的便池、中转箱（15）、洗漱设施均设置在车内，布置结构紧凑，管道连接简单。污物箱（6）为立式结构，能放置于车体底架（18），侧面安装在车体侧墙（19）上，达到稳定安装，立式结构充分利用车厢的高度空间，并减少污物箱（6）的横向空间，提高车厢的利用率。设置在车内的污物箱结构，相对于车下吊装箱体，安全系数高，能耗小，检修方便，节省车下空间，适用车下空间小的车型，如双层车。

Description

列车及列车供水系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年4月25日提交的申请号为201910338083.8，发明名称为“列车及列车供水系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其通过引用方式全部并入本公开。
技术领域
本公开涉及列车供排水排污技术领域，尤其涉及列车及列车供水系统。
背景技术
目前，铁路列车是人们日常生活中常用的外出交通工具，列车上通常配备有水箱，通过水箱为列车上的乘客供水。列车供水系统主要提供各种用水，如饮用水、厨房用水、吧台用水、电开水炉、洗漱用水、便器冲洗用水、及清扫用水等。水箱通过管路与电热开水器连接，电热开水器烧开水供饮用和洗漱；来自水箱的水通过支管到冲便阀，当厕所便器需冲洗时，可随时按动按钮进行冲洗。随着高速列车的发展，为减小列车断面，降低车辆重心，在设计高速列车时大多将储水箱全部置于列车底部，这样既降低了列车的重心，又有利于提高车辆运行平稳性。现有技术的列车底部的供水方式分电泵和气压两种方式实现。其中，电泵方式通过电动水泵加压供水，存在的缺陷是电泵对输送介质较敏感，为了使电泵正常运行需配置较为复杂的系统，因此设备投资及维护成本较高。尽管如此，电泵系统常存在水泵启动频繁、堵塞以致烧损、水泵启动排气不畅、漏水、空转等问题。同时，由于电泵自吸能力较差，所以一般与净水箱一同悬挂安装在列车地板之下。列车行驶时电泵发生故障，无法在线维修。这种供水系统虽然实现了列车底部的增压供水，但是系统较复杂，电泵系统故障率较高，如电泵发生故障只能停车维修。气压供水则是利用列车供风系统的压缩空气直接对列车底部净水箱内的净水加压，其存在的缺陷是，该方式对净水箱、管道及相关阀件具都有承压要求，由于净水箱一般体积较大，具有承压要求的净水箱会大大增加其重量，且有泄漏隐患，同时在列车停车，进 行净水箱注水操作时，供水会因此中断，不符合用户用水习惯。这种供水装置虽然可以实现将水由净水箱输送至用户，但需要对净水箱加压，且供水会在对净水箱进行注水时中断。
现有动车组及客车水箱均放置在车下，与周围设备接口多，管路布置复杂，距离长，箱体结构形式复杂，检修维护时需拆除外围设备，耗时长。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本公开的目的是提供列车及列车供水系统，解决上述的至少一个问题。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题，本公开提供一种列车供水系统，包括：便池、洗漱设施，其还包括水箱，所述水箱设置于所述便池和所述洗漱设施的上方，安装于车厢的顶部；所述水箱分别通过供水管与所述便池和所述洗漱设施连通；所述便池和所述洗漱设施设置于同一车厢的端部；还包括：污物箱和中转箱，所述污物箱设置于车内，所述污物箱为立式结构，上部设置进污口，其底部固定于车体底架，侧面固定于车体侧墙；所述中转箱处于车厢底部，分别与所述便池的排污口和所述洗漱设施的废水出口连通；所述中转箱下部的污物排放口与所述污物箱的进污口连通，进行压力推送的扬程排污；所述中转箱与喷射器连通，以形成负压环境；所述中转箱还与列车气动控制盘连接，以形成所述扬程排污的压力环境。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述水箱的两侧以上分别连接进水管，各所述进水管分别与注水口连通，所述水箱内设置液位计，所述液位计与所述水箱外的液位显示器连接。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述水箱的顶部设置多个凸起，在凸起处设置溢流管，所述溢流管穿过所述水箱，所述溢流管的入水口的高度高于水箱顶部未设置所述凸起的位置的高度。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述进水管穿过所述水箱壁并延伸至所述凸起处，所述进水管的出水口的高度高于水箱顶部未设置所述凸起的位置的高度。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述水箱的底部设置排水管，所述排水管上设置排水电磁阀；所述排水电磁阀设置手动控制键，和/或，所述排水电 磁阀与列车控制系统连接；和/或，所述水箱内设置防波板。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述污物箱的底部设置污物出口，用于连接外部吸污装置，所述污物出口处设置吸污控制阀。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述污物箱的底部还设置冲洗入口，用于连接外部清洗装置，所述冲洗入口处设置冲洗控制阀。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述污物箱内设置多个液位仪，多个液位仪在自所述污物箱底部至所述污物箱顶部的方向上间隔排列。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述喷射器与所述列车气动控制盘连通。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述污物箱通过螺栓安装于车体底架，所述污物箱的侧面设置连接板，所述连接板与车体侧墙滑槽通过螺栓连接。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述便池的出水箱内设置水增压单元，所述水增压单元与所述列车气动控制盘连通。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述洗漱设施和所述中转箱的连通方式为：所述洗漱设施的底部设置废水暂存箱，所述废水暂存箱与所述中转箱连通，所述洗漱设施的进水管处设置压力保护装置。
在一些实施例中，优选为，所述洗漱设施包括洗漱池、洁具池和/或开水器。
本公开还提供了一种列车，其车体内设置所述的列车供水系统。
(三)有益效果
本公开提供的技术方案中的供水系统，将水箱从车底移到车顶，并设置在便池和洗漱设施上方，水箱通过重力向便池和洗漱设施供水，减小漏水风险及漏水造成的危害。水箱、便池和洗漱设施的整体布局紧凑，能耗小，管路布置短，检修维护都方便。
而且，污物箱与列车上的便池、中转箱、洗漱设施均设置在车内，布置结构紧凑，管道连接简单。该污物箱为立式结构，能放置于车体底架，侧面安装在车体侧墙上，达到稳定安装，立式结构充分利用车厢的高度空间，并减少污物箱的横向空间，提高车厢的利用率。污物箱顶部设置进污口，通过压力推送克服中转箱污物排放口和污物箱进污口之间的高度差，解决利用扬程排污问题。设置在车内的污物箱结构，相对于车下吊装箱体，安全系数高，能耗小，检修方便，而且，节省了车下空间，尤其适用于对 车下空间小的车型，比如双层车。
附图说明
图1为本公开一个实施例中列车供水系统的结构示意图；
图2为本公开一个实施例中列车供水系统的结构示意图；
图3为本公开一个实施例中污物箱安装在车体底架上的结构示意图；
图4为本公开一个实施例中污物箱安装在车体侧墙上的结构示意图；
图5为图4中A处的放大示意图。
图中：1、气动控制盘；2、水增压单元；3、洗手盆；4、压力保护装置；5、废水暂存箱；6、污物箱；7、液位仪；8、洁具池；9、电热开水器；10、车辆地板；11、蹲式便器；12、座式便器；13、废水控制阀；14、冲洗控制阀；15、中转箱；16、喷射器；17、螺栓；18、车体底架；19、车体侧墙；20、滑槽；21、水箱；22、液位计；23、电缆；24、水阀；25、液位显示器；26、注水口；27、排水电磁阀；28、进水管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本公开的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。
在本公开的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。“第一”“第二”“第三”“第四”不代表任何的序列关系，仅是为了方便描述进行的区分。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。文中“上”“下”均以产品使用中的具体位置来定义。
针对目前车下空间有限，压力供水控制线路复杂的问题，本公开给出列车供水系统及列车。
下面将通过基础设计、扩展设计及替换设计对产品、方法等进行详细描述。
本公开提供一种列车供水系统，如图1和2所示，其包括：便池、洗漱设施以及水箱21，水箱21设置于便池和洗漱设施的上方，安装于车厢 的顶部；水箱21分别通过供水管与便池和洗漱设施连通；便池和洗漱设施设置于同一车厢的端部；还包括：污物箱6和中转箱，污物箱6设置于车内，污物箱6为立式结构，上部设置进污口，其底部固定于车体底架，侧面固定于车体侧墙；中转箱处于车厢底部，分别与便池的排污口和洗漱设施的废水出口连通；中转箱下部的污物排放口与污物箱6的进污口连通，进行压力推送的扬程排污；中转箱与喷射器16连通，以形成负压环境；中转箱还与列车气动控制盘连接，以形成扬程排污的压力环境。
在本技术中，为了节省车下空间，将水箱21从车底移到车顶，并设置在便池和洗漱设施上方，水箱21、便池和洗漱设施集成在一起，水箱21、便池和洗漱设施处于限定的空间内，该空间延伸到车顶，水箱21处于该空间延伸到车顶的区域内，整体布局紧凑，管路短。水箱21吊装在车辆顶部，安装工艺简单，水箱21结构也相对简单，重量轻。由于水箱21所处高度高于便池和洗漱设施所处的高度，通过高度差实现重力供水，与现有技术相比减掉了压力供水中控制线、管线、控制器等的连线和控制关系，化繁为简。减小漏水风险及减小漏水造成的危害。列车整个用水设备能耗小，管路布置短，检修维护方便。而且，污物箱6与列车上的便池、中转箱、洗漱设施均设置在车内，布置结构紧凑，管道连接简单。该污物箱6为立式结构，能放置于车体底架，侧面安装在车体侧墙上，达到稳定安装，立式结构充分利用车厢的高度空间，并减少污物箱6的横向空间，提高车厢的利用率。污物箱6顶部设置进污口，通过压力推送克服中转箱污物排放口和污物箱6进污口之间的高度差，解决利用扬程排污的问题。设置在车内的污物箱6结构，相对于现有技术车下吊装箱体，安全系数高，而且，节省了车下空间，尤其适用于对车下空间小的车型，比如双层车。
水箱21的方式优选采用螺栓固定在车厢顶部，比如：水箱21设置连接片，连接片穿孔，车厢顶部穿孔，螺栓穿过两个穿孔固定连接。在其他的实施例中也可以采用焊接或铆接。
供水管分别连通水箱21和便池、洗漱设施，供水管分别设置控制阀，当用水时，水阀24打开。该水阀优选手动开启。当然，当洗漱设施为电加热器时，随着乘客用水，电加热器内的水量减少，在控制器的作用下，水箱21和电加热器之间的水管从水箱21向电加热器补充水量。
水箱21材质为耐腐蚀材质，符合饮用水存储要求，且水箱21内设置防波板，减少水箱21内水在列出运动下的冲击力。水箱21采用焊接结构有效防止电化学腐蚀。
该用水设备还包括便池、中转箱15、洗漱设施和污物箱6，污物箱6设置于车内，污物箱6为立式结构，上部设置进污口，其底部固定于车体底架18，侧面固定于车体侧墙19；中转箱15处于车厢底部，分别与便池的排污口和洗漱设施的废水出口连通；中转箱15下部的污物排放口与污物箱6的进污口连通，进行压力推送的扬程排污；中转箱15与喷射器16连通，以形成负压环境；中转箱15还与列车气动控制盘1连接，以形成扬程排污的压力环境。
便池和洗漱设施与中转箱15连接，将污物或废水转入中转箱15中。在转入的过程中，中转箱15与喷射器16连通，通过喷射器16作用，在中转箱15中形成负压，将污物、废水吸入中转箱15，形成真空中转效果。而喷射器16与列车气动控制盘1连接，由列车气动控制盘1向喷射器16供气。中转箱15与污物箱6连接，中转箱15的污物排放口(主要排出污物和废水)与污物箱6的进污口连通，中转箱15内的污物和废水转移至污物箱6保存。由于中转箱15的污物排放口处于中转箱15的底部，污物箱6为了避免污物泄露，最大量存放污物，进污口设置在污物箱6的上部，而且，污物箱6为立式结构，污物排放口和进污口之间存在较大的高度差。为了将中转箱15的污物和废水转移到污物箱6中，中转箱15与列车气动控制盘1连通，通过列车气动控制盘1向中转箱15中提供大气压，将污物和废水推至污物箱6中。利用高气压解决了扬程排污的问题。
污物箱6设置在车内，与便池、洗漱设施等距离较近，避免布设多种线缆，而且结构紧凑，车内空间有效利用，解决车下空间小的情况下安装和维修都极度不方便的问题。而且安装在车内，安全稳定性也得到较大提高。
水箱21的两侧以上分别设置进水管，各进水管分别与注水口26连通，水箱21内设置液位计22，液位计22通过电缆23与水箱21外的液位显示器25连接。
进水管分别从水箱21的不同侧面处进水，一方面提高入水效率，而 且多处供水，减少水在水箱21内的流程，提高进水效率。水箱21和进水管的连接方式可以为进水管穿过水箱21，水箱21壁和进水管之间呈密封。水箱21内的液位计22可以采用密封于测量水位的液位检测结构，当液位计22与水接触来测量页面时，液位计22需要做密封设计。液位计22将检测量传输到液位显示器25，液位显示器25可将液位数据进行外向化显示。二者通过无线或有线的信号连接，信号连接指的是信号发送和信号接收的交互性连接。
为了避免进水中，水量超过水箱21容量，出现进水回流等问题，水箱21的顶部设置多个凸起，在凸起处设置溢流管，溢流管穿过水箱21，溢流管的入水口的高度高于水箱21顶部未设置凸起的位置的高度，即高于水箱21顶面所在高度。凸起高于水箱21顶部平面高度，水到达水箱21顶面的内侧面时，水继续上升到凸起的位置，进入凸起处的溢流管，以表示水已装满水箱21。
进水管28穿过水箱21壁并延伸至凸起处，进水管的出水口的高度高于水箱21顶部未设置凸起的位置的高度。进水管从凸起部往下送水，能减少水箱21中的水对进水管的压力，同时避免水箱21满后水自进水管回流。且进水管出水口的高度高于溢流管进水口的高度，能避免水箱21充水过满。
水箱21的底部设置排水管，排水管上设置排水电磁阀27；排水电磁阀27设置手动控制键，和/或，排水电磁阀27与列车控制系统连接。手动控制阀方便手动放水，而且停电无法自动放水时，通过手动放水解决停电放水问题。水箱21底部开有排水口，排水管连接在排水口处，以方便将水引出水箱21，排出。排水管上设置排水电磁阀27的方式可参考在众多现有方式，此处重点保护手动和自动相结合的控制方式。水箱21底部设置排水口，达到防冻排空的目的。
污物和污水进入污物箱6后，由于污物箱6安装在车厢内，底部安装在车体底架上，为了方便污物排出，污物箱6的底部设置污物出口，用于连接外部吸污装置，污物出口处设置吸污控制阀。当需要排放污物时，将外部吸污装置连接在污物出口，打开吸污控制阀，污物即可被外部吸污装置吸出，保持污物箱6内卫生。
在水箱21的长期使用过程中，水箱21中容易产生污垢，需要对水箱21进行定期清理。在现有技术中由于水箱21安装在列车车底，不能拆卸下进行清理，只能采用想水箱21中喷水实现清理，而采用喷水的方式无法实现对水箱21的侧壁及顶板进行清理，导致水箱21清理不方便且清洗不干净。在本技术中将水箱21放置于车顶，污物箱6的底部还设置冲洗入口，用于连接外部清洗装置，冲洗入口处设置冲洗控制阀污物排出后，冲洗控制阀开启，外部清洗装置启动对污物箱6进行清洗。当污物箱6内的污物被吸出后，为了污物箱6内部干净，卫生，避免污物箱6内残留物腐蚀污物箱6内壁，保持污物箱6内干净，卫生。
为了有效掌握污物箱6内的污物量，污物箱6内设置液位仪7，时刻检测污物量，该液位仪7与列车控制系统连接，以向列车控制系统实时发送污物量。液位仪7为多个。以两个浮球液位计为例，两个浮球液位计上下设置，第一浮球液位计安装在污物箱6中的位置低于第二浮球液位计在污物箱6中的位置；两个浮球液位计均与控制系统连接；当污物量达到第二浮球液位时，需要启动吸污装置，将污物箱6中的污物吸出，当达到第一浮球液位计时，可停止吸出。
而且，在一些实施例中，污物箱6的底部设置了污物出口、冲洗入口，外部吸污装置与污物出口连通，打开污物出口处的吸污控制阀，污物自污物箱6中转移。为了促使污物箱6内卫生、干净，外部冲洗转至接入冲洗入口，用水或高压水冲洗污物箱6，冲洗的水可自污物出口吸出。
当不需要吸污或冲洗时，吸污控制阀和冲洗入口处的冲洗控制阀14均关闭。由此，污物转移方便，而且，冲洗、维修均较为方便。
如上所说，如图3所示，污物箱6的底部安装在车体底架18上，侧面安装在车体侧墙上，污物箱6的底部设置安装片，安装片开有螺钉孔/或螺纹孔，螺钉/螺栓17穿过螺钉孔/螺栓孔安装在车体底架18对应位置开设的孔中。而车体的侧面设置滑槽20，污物箱6的侧面设置连接片，连接片滑入滑槽20，通过螺栓17固定在车体侧墙19，如图4和5所示。
基于以上的各种实施例，上述便池包括小便池、坐便池、蹲便池，便池连接出水箱，出水箱内设置水增压单元2，水增压单元2与列车气动控制盘1连通。水增压单元2引入列车气动控制盘1的气体，产生气压，向 便池内供应高压水流，以方便水流将便池的污物冲走。
基于以上的各种实施例中，洗漱设施包括洗手池、洁具池8、电热开水器9等，各中洗漱设施的底部排水管均连接废水暂存箱5，废水暂存箱5与中转箱15连通，中转箱15通过喷射器16形成负压，将废水暂存箱5内的水吸入中转箱15内。洗漱设施的进水管处设置压力保护装置4，该压力保护装置4能缓解较高水压。
下面提供一种列车供水系统，其包括污物箱6、中转箱15、喷射器16、座式便器12、蹲式便器11，洗手盆3、洁具池8和电热开水器9，以及气动控制盘1，其中污物箱6安装在车内，底部通过螺栓17安装在车体底架18上，侧面通过螺栓17安装在车体侧墙的滑槽20中。污物箱6内设置一个以上的液位仪7，液位仪7自上而下间隔分布，污物箱6的上部设置进污口，进污口与下部的中转箱15的底部污物排放口连通，中转箱15与气动控制盘1连通，通过气动控制盘1形成污物推送压力，形成扬程排污。洗手盆3、洁具池8和电热开水器9的底部均设置废水暂存箱5，进水口设置压力保护装置4，废水暂存箱5与中转箱15连通，中转箱15与喷射器16连通，喷射器16与气动控制盘1连通。座式便器12、蹲式便器11的进水结构配有水增压单元2，水增压单元2与气动控制盘1连通。车辆地板10设置于车体底架18上。
本公开还提供了一种列车，其车体内设置上述的列车供水系统。
便池和洗漱设施与中转箱15连接，中转箱入口处设置废水控制阀13，将污物或废水转入中转箱15中。在转入的过程中，中转箱15与喷射器16连通，通过喷射器16作用，在中转箱15中形成负压，将污物、废水吸入中转箱15，形成真空中转效果。而喷射器16与列车气动控制盘1连接，由列车气动控制盘1向喷射器16供气。中转箱15与污物箱6连接，中转箱15的污物排放口(主要排出污物和废水)与污物箱6的进污口连通，中转箱15内的污物和废水转移至污物箱6保存。由于中转箱15的污物排放口处于中转箱15的底部，污物箱6为了避免污物泄露，最大量存放污物，进污口设置在污物箱6的上部，而且，污物箱6为立式结构，污物排放口和进污口之间存在较大的高度差。为了将中转箱15的污物和废水转移到污物箱6中，中转箱15与列车气动控制盘1连通，通过列车气动控 制盘1向中转箱15中提供大气压，将污物和废水推至污物箱6中。利用高气压解决了扬程排污的问题。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种列车供水系统，包括：便池、洗漱设施，其特征在于，还包括水箱，所述水箱设置于所述便池和所述洗漱设施的上方，所述水箱安装于车厢的顶部；所述水箱分别通过供水管与所述便池和所述洗漱设施连通；所述便池和所述洗漱设施设置于同一车厢的端部；
    还包括：污物箱和中转箱，所述污物箱设置于车内，所述污物箱为立式结构，上部设置进污口，其底部固定于车体底架，侧面固定于车体侧墙；
    所述中转箱处于车厢底部，分别与所述便池的排污口和所述洗漱设施的废水出口连通；所述中转箱下部的污物排放口与所述污物箱的进污口连通，进行压力推送的扬程排污；
    所述中转箱与喷射器连通，以形成吸污负压环境；所述中转箱还与列车气动控制盘连接，以形成所述扬程排污的压力环境。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述水箱的两侧以上分别连接进水管，各所述进水管分别与注水口连通。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述水箱的顶部设置多个凸起，在凸起处设置溢流管，所述溢流管穿过所述水箱，所述溢流管的入水口的高度高于水箱顶部未设置所述凸起的位置的高度。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述进水管穿过所述水箱壁并延伸至所述凸起处，所述进水管的出水口的高度高于水箱顶部未设置所述凸起的位置的高度。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述水箱的底部设置排水管，所述排水管上设置排水电磁阀；所述排水电磁阀设置手动控制键，和/或所述排水电磁阀与列车控制系统连接；
    和/或，所述水箱内设置防波板。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述污物箱的底部设置污物出口，用于连接外部吸污装置，所述污物出口处设置吸污控制阀。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述污物箱的底部还设置冲洗入口，用于连接外部清洗装置，所述冲洗入口处设置冲洗控制阀。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述喷射器与所述列车气动控制盘连通。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述污物箱通过螺栓安装于车体底架，所述污物箱的侧面设置连接板，所述连接板与车体侧墙滑槽通过螺栓连接。
  10. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述便池的出水箱内设置水增压单元，所述水增压单元与所述列车气动控制盘连通。
  11. 如权利要求1-9任一项所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述洗漱设施和所述中转箱的连通方式为：所述洗漱设施的底部设置废水暂存箱，所述废水暂存箱与所述中转箱连通，所述洗漱设施的进水管处设置压力保护装置。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的列车供水系统，其特征在于，所述洗漱设施包括洗漱池、洁具池和/或开水器。
  13. 一种列车，其特征在于，其车体内设置权利要求1-12任一项所述的列车供水系统。
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