WO2020212189A1 - Capteur de pression polymère électrique - Google Patents

Capteur de pression polymère électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020212189A1
WO2020212189A1 PCT/EP2020/059803 EP2020059803W WO2020212189A1 WO 2020212189 A1 WO2020212189 A1 WO 2020212189A1 EP 2020059803 W EP2020059803 W EP 2020059803W WO 2020212189 A1 WO2020212189 A1 WO 2020212189A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure sensor
component
protective clothing
binder
conductivity
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/059803
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin BARTUSCH
Markus Burghart
Original Assignee
Uvex Safety Gloves Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uvex Safety Gloves Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Uvex Safety Gloves Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2020212189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020212189A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/18—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezo-resistive materials, i.e. materials of which the ohmic resistance varies according to changes in magnitude or direction of force applied to the material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical pressure sensor with a polymer component, and to protective clothing in which a corresponding pressure sensor is integrated.
  • sensors are incorporated, for example, using conductive threads made from silver or copper wires.
  • Sensors printed from conductive ink can first be printed on transfer labels and then transferred to the textile using heat and pressure.
  • the sensors can be printed directly onto the textile.
  • the disadvantage of these known methods is that they are either time-consuming and uneconomical, as in the case of conductive games, or are not compatible with the desired polymeric coatings, as is the case with printed sensors.
  • Binary pressure sensors with a component consisting of a binder and an electrically conductive additive embedded in the binder are known.
  • the conductive particles are homogeneously and randomly distributed within the binder; the binder is, for example, a non-conductive matrix material. Due to the elasticity of the matrix material, it can be compressed under the action of force, with the volume remaining constant. This has the consequence that the distribution of the conductive particles becomes inhomogeneous with a greater concentration of particles parallel to the acting force. If the force is sufficiently high, the concentration of the particles is high enough that they come into contact with one another and form electrically conductive paths. The more paths that are formed, the greater the conductivity. The pressure exerted can thus be determined by means of the change in conductivity ds.
  • the measuring range is limited to the range between the conductivity in the unloaded state and the maximum conductivity G max in the loaded state.
  • Binary systems have the disadvantage that the change in conductivity ds, due to the insulating effect of the binder between the conductive paths, is relatively small. It is desirable to maximize the difference in conductivity ds between so and G max , an upper limit for G max being given by the conductivity of the embedded particles and the lower limit for so being determined by the conductivity of the binder.
  • a polymer body is known in which electrical particles with a spherical shape and a diameter of 0.05 to 100 ⁇ m are introduced, these having a volume fraction of more than 30% by volume.
  • an elastic polymer which is equipped with electrically conductive nanoparticles and electrically conductive stabilizers, the stabilizers approximately 1 to 7% by weight and the conductive ones Nanoparticles have about 5 to 30 wt .-%.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a pressure sensor that can be integrated into protective clothing, has a sufficiently accurate measuring range, can be easily implemented using existing processes and is compatible with common material compositions. Furthermore, the invention is based on the object of providing protective clothing with a sensor according to the invention.
  • the object is achieved by a pressure sensor according to claim 1 and protective clothing according to claim 10.
  • Advantageous configurations are the subject of the subclaims.
  • the pressure sensor according to the invention has a component whose electrical resistance can be changed by deformation.
  • the component is an at least ternary system and comprises at least one binder, an electrically conductive additive embedded in the binder and gas inclusions.
  • the at least ternary system according to the invention increases the difference in conductivity ds in comparison to known binary systems and thus extends the accessible measuring range.
  • the binder has a foam-like or sponge-like structure.
  • a foam-like structure has individual closed gas inclusions, such as, for example, bubbles.
  • a sponge-like structure is defined by the fact that it only has a single surface and thus all gas inclusions are connected to one another. A combination of the two structures is also possible.
  • the electrically conductive additives are distributed inhomogeneously within the binder.
  • the conductive additives collect at the interfaces between the binder and gas inclusions, so that the concentration of additives is highest at these interfaces.
  • additives are not present within the gas inclusions, so that the pressure sensor according to the invention can be implemented with both open-pore and closed-pore structures.
  • the gas inclusions interrupt electrically conductive paths that result when a plurality of additive particles are arranged adjacent to one another within the binder. Accordingly, the component has a very low conductivity in the unloaded state. Electrically conductive paths, which are created by percolation in the binary system even in the unloaded state, are broken up in the ternary system by the gas inclusions. As soon as the ternary system is compressed, however, the interrupted conductive paths touch one another at the inner interfaces of the gas inclusions and a large number of conductive paths arise, which leads to a higher conductivity G max than in the binary system.
  • the usable measuring range is determined by the range in which the conductivity is preferably linear to the pressure exerted.
  • the conductivity s (R) shows a non-linear behavior as a function of the exerted pressure P.
  • the conductivity in the unloaded state is thus dependent on the concentration of the electrically conductive additives. The higher the concentration of the electrically conductive additives, the greater. The concentration should preferably be selected so that it is as low as possible, but sufficient conductive paths can still form under load.
  • a measuring range is preferably provided for the pressure sensor.
  • the conductivity changes greatly with the pressure exerted.
  • the change can be abrupt or also continuous; the change in conductivity is preferably proportional to the pressure exerted.
  • the conductivity asymptotically approaches the minimum or maximum conductivity.
  • the measuring range of the pressure sensor can be set by the thickness and / or density of the component.
  • a component with a lower density and higher compressibility is suitable.
  • the density can be adjusted using the total volume of the gas inclusions.
  • the electrically conductive additives approach one another when the component is compressed and electrically conductive paths are increasingly formed. With compression, the gas inclusions are compressed and the additives located on the inside of the gas inclusions come into electrically conductive contact. Paths which are interrupted by the gas inclusions in the unloaded state are under Compression linked. The electrically conductive additives inside the component also approach under pressure due to the elasticity of the binder. All of this leads to an increase in conductivity.
  • the binder consists of an electrically insulating polymer, preferably of silicone or polyurethane, particularly preferably of nitrile rubber.
  • an electrically insulating polymer preferably of silicone or polyurethane, particularly preferably of nitrile rubber.
  • the gas inclusions consist of air and are mechanically introduced into the binder and fixed in the binder during curing.
  • gases can be used to achieve additional properties (thermal insulation, thermal expansion, etc.).
  • gases via chemical substances, e.g. Carbon dioxide from the thermal decomposition of carbonates during the curing of the binder.
  • the electrical properties, but also the shape of the pores created can be influenced.
  • the binders preferably contain between 5 and 50% by volume of the gas, preferably 15% by volume to 40% by volume, in order to achieve an adequate sensor effect with simultaneous mechanical stability.
  • the embedded, electrically conductive additives consist of metal or metallized particles, conductive oxides, carbon black, graphite, graphene, conductive polymers, Carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, or a combination of these.
  • the dimension of the additives is preferably between 0.5 mm and 0.5 mmhi in the largest direction of expansion, on the one hand to achieve enrichment at the interface and on the other hand to obtain sufficient processability.
  • carbon-based additives have the advantage of lower density and thus reduced settling behavior in the non-hardened binder.
  • a suitable chemical and / or physical surface modification of the additives adapted to the binder used is obvious to the person skilled in the art.
  • the protective clothing according to the invention has an integrated sensor, the integrated sensor having a pressure sensor according to the invention.
  • a pressure sensor integrated into the protective clothing makes it possible to determine forces that act on the wearer.
  • Necessary control units or further means for evaluating the pressure signals can also be connected in or on the protective clothing.
  • the protective clothing is preferably an industrial safety glove.
  • the safety glove comprises a component which has an at least ternary system, consisting of at least one binder, an electrically conductive additive embedded in the binder and gas inclusions.
  • the safety glove comprises a one-piece textile glove blank which is coated with a polymer substrate in the manufacturing process.
  • the protective gloves In a preferred embodiment of the protective gloves, several pressure sensors are embedded in order to measure the forces acting on the wearer's hand. to be able to analyze differentiated.
  • a combination of individual pressure sensors on the fingertips, the palm and the back of the hand is possible.
  • the measuring ranges of the pressure sensors are preferably adapted to the placement of the protective gloves.
  • the pressure sensors on the fingertips could be designed for measuring lower pressures and the pressure sensors on the palm of the hand or the back of the hand could have a measuring range for higher pressures.
  • the protective clothing has a polymeric coating in which the pressure sensor is embedded.
  • the pressure sensor can be applied to the protective clothing as an inner or outer layer, depending on the area of application.
  • the coating of the protective clothing consists of the same polymer substrate as the binder of the component of the pressure sensor. This enables the pressure sensor to be integrated into the protective clothing coating in a completely compatible manner.
  • the protective clothing can be treated like protective clothing without a sensor during disposal. With regard to pollutants and disposal, no differences to protective clothing without a sensor can be determined.
  • the protective clothing is coated with nitrile rubber.
  • the component of the embedded sensor is made of a nitrile rubber foam and is accordingly completely compatible with the nitrile rubber of the protective clothing coating.
  • the protective clothing can be treated like protective clothing without a sensor during disposal.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show schematically the functional principle of the polymer pressure sensor. It shows:
  • Fig. La a binary system in the unloaded state
  • Fig. 1 b the binary system in the loaded state
  • FIG. 2 a shows a ternary system in the unloaded state and FIG. 2 b shows the ternary system in the loaded state, and FIG
  • Figures la) and lb) show a polymeric component 1 of a pressure sensor as it is known from the prior art (SdT).
  • the component 1 can be seen in the unloaded state.
  • the electrically conductive additives 3 are distributed homogeneously in the binder 2.
  • Figure lb) shows the same system under load P.
  • the component 1 is compressed and the concentration of the additives 3 has increased parallel to the pressure P exerted. Conductive paths are formed within the compressed component 1, as a result of which the conductivity increases.
  • Figures 2a) and 2b) show a ternary system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2a) shows the component 1 in the unloaded state.
  • the additives 3 are preferably located at the interfaces of the gas inclusions 4. This applies to both a foam-like and a sponge-like structure of component 1.
  • Fig. 2b) the component 1 is loaded with a pressure P.
  • the gas inclusions 4 are compressed and the additives 3 come into contact with one another. Electrically conductive paths are formed in the loaded state.
  • a conductive foam was produced from a polymer dispersion based on nitrile rubber. To this end, 7% by weight of a metal powder (copper-plated iron particles, ⁇ 5 ⁇ m) were added to the dispersion and the dispersion was then foamed with air to a foam liter weight of approx. 800 g / l. The foam was spread out as a layer and vulcanized.
  • a metal powder copper-plated iron particles, ⁇ 5 ⁇ m
  • a conductive foam was produced from the same polymer dispersion as in Example 1 by adding 12% by weight of a pigment powder (metallized mica; ⁇ 15 ⁇ m) to the dispersion and mixing the dispersion with air
  • Foam liter weight of approx. 800g / l was foamed. As in Example 1, the foam was spread out as a layer and vulcanized.
  • a conductive foam was produced from the same polymer dispersion as in Example 1 by adding 1.5% by weight of carbon fibers (length ⁇ 10 ⁇ m) to the dispersion and foaming the dispersion with air to a foam liter weight of approx. 800 g / l. As in Example 1, the foam was spread out as a layer and vulcanized.
  • the volume resistance was determined after conditioning the samples at 23 ° C ⁇ 1 and 25 + 5% relative humidity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur de pression avec un composant dont la résistance électrique peut être modifiée par déformation. Le composant est un système au moins ternaire et comprend au moins un liant, un additif électriquement conducteur incorporé dans le liant et des inclusions de gaz. Le liant est un polymère électriquement isolant qui a été expansé.
PCT/EP2020/059803 2019-04-18 2020-04-06 Capteur de pression polymère électrique WO2020212189A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019110264.2 2019-04-18
DE102019110264.2A DE102019110264A1 (de) 2019-04-18 2019-04-18 Elektrischer polymerer Drucksensor

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020212189A1 true WO2020212189A1 (fr) 2020-10-22

Family

ID=70285653

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2020/059803 WO2020212189A1 (fr) 2019-04-18 2020-04-06 Capteur de pression polymère électrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102019110264A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020212189A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1465966A1 (de) 1963-11-25 1969-05-29 Lewis John Henry Arthur Veraenderlicher Widerstand
US5060527A (en) * 1990-02-14 1991-10-29 Burgess Lester E Tactile sensing transducer
DE60011078T2 (de) 1999-06-22 2005-06-16 Peratech Ltd., Darlington Strukturen mit veränderlichem Leitwert
US20080067477A1 (en) 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. Crosslinked elastomer body for sensor, and production method therefor
US20140260653A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Brigham Young University Composite material used as a strain gauge

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1465966A1 (de) 1963-11-25 1969-05-29 Lewis John Henry Arthur Veraenderlicher Widerstand
US5060527A (en) * 1990-02-14 1991-10-29 Burgess Lester E Tactile sensing transducer
DE60011078T2 (de) 1999-06-22 2005-06-16 Peratech Ltd., Darlington Strukturen mit veränderlichem Leitwert
US20080067477A1 (en) 2006-09-15 2008-03-20 Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd. Crosslinked elastomer body for sensor, and production method therefor
US20140260653A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Brigham Young University Composite material used as a strain gauge

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EL ERAKI M H ET AL: "The physical properties of pressure sensitive rubber composites", POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY, BARKING, GB, vol. 91, no. 7, 1 July 2006 (2006-07-01), pages 1417 - 1423, XP027949552, ISSN: 0141-3910, [retrieved on 20060701] *

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