Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
  • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an artificial turf mat and a production process of an artificial turf mat.
• artificial turf mat a mat comprising artificial strings that simulate the natural turf, usually used in the making of surfaces used for sports use (e.g. soccer fields, baseball fields, etc.) and/or for decorative use (e.g. gardens).
• the artificial turf mats are laid on a rigid and compact substrate, for example in clay or concrete.
• a layer of, typically granular, material called infill is spread on the artificial turf mat between the artificial strings.
• the infill structurally stabilizes the artificial turf mat and/or it improves its aesthetic quality, making it looks more like to the natural turf (since it facilitates the upright maintenance of the artificial strings) and/or it facilitates its sports use, improving its performance properties (for example in terms of elastic response of the mat).
• US2017/0152619 A1 describes an artificial turf mat comprising a dampening layer made of polymeric material, to which the artificial strings are fixed by tufting techniques.
• the dampening layer is arranged in vertically outermost and top position of the mat with respect to the other structural layers of the mat (in other words, the dampening layer is the first of the layers that make up the mat proceeding from top to bottom).
• the infill is arranged between the artificial strings of the mat directly in contact with the dampening layer and/or dispersed in the dampening layer.
• the Applicant has found that the known artificial turf mats have some drawbacks and/or can be improved in one or more aspects.
• the dampening layer of the known artificial turf mats such as those described in US2017/0152619 A1 , given its vertically outermost and top position, is directly subjected to the interaction with the users and/or to the action of the atmospheric agents and/or to the solar radiation which can lead to mechanical and/or thermal and/or electromagnetic (e.g. UV) actions of the dampening layer.
• the mechanical actions can in turn cause, even significant and/or rapid, abrasion and/or wear of the dampening layer and/or of the artificial turf mat.
• the infills located in direct contact with the dampening layer or even interpenetrated in the dampening layer can contribute, due to the nature of the materials used for the infills themselves (e.g. sand, coconut, etc.), to the aforesaid wear phenomena of the dampening layer, for example by increasing the abrasion.
• the thermal actions can cause an excessive thermal rise of the dampening layer, especially when the artificial turf mat is used for outdoor surfaces and/or in the warmer seasons.
• These thermal and/or solar radiation actions, especially UV can lead to a deterioration and/or degradation of the dampening layer and/or of the artificial turf mat (e.g. of one or more of the polymeric materials that make them up).
• one or more of the aforesaid actions can lead to the damaging of the dampening layer and/or of the artificial turf mat and/or to the possible decrease (up to the loss) of the performance properties of the latters (e.g. in terms of absorption and/or restitution of the actions undergone by the dampening layer) and/or to the possible annoyance and/or comfort decrease for the users.
• Object of the present invention is to provide an artificial turf mat that solves one or more of the aforesaid drawbacks.
• Object of the present invention is to provide an artificial turf mat able to provide the appropriate performance properties (e.g. in terms of absorption and/or restitution of the actions undergone and/or of ergonomics for the user) and which is at the same time sturdy and/or compact and/or reliable and/or resistant (e.g. to the wear, to the high temperatures, to the atmospheric agents, etc.).
• an artificial turf mat comprising:
• dampening pad is interposed between said support ply and said protective ply;
• the invention relates to a production process of an artificial turf mat.
• the process comprises:
• dampening pad it is meant a layer of material (with cohesive structure, for example not granular, in order to be woven by the artificial strings) able of significantly improving the overall properties of the artificial turf mat as regards the absorption of the mechanical shock and/or the restitution of the energy and/or in terms of allowed maximum vertical (e.g. temporary and reversible) deformation, for example according to the FIFA qualification tests for the artificial turf pitches.
• the presence of the dampening pad allows to obtain an appropriate absorption and/or an appropriate restitution of the mechanical actions undergone by the artificial turf mat.
• the artificial turf surfaces especially those used for sports use, have to meet multiple performance requirements, for example in terms of an appropriate balance between elasticity and rigidity of the obtained surface, to allow the practice of the sports activities (e.g. correct bounce of the ball) while keeping ergonomics and safety for the users (e.g. correct elasticity to limit annoyances and/or injuries to the users).
• the appropriate performance properties are given to the artificial turf surface.
• the support ply and the protective ply arranged at opposite sides of the dampening pad (typically at respectively the upper face and the lower face when the artificial turf mat is installed in an artificial turf surface), create a protection for both the sides of the dampening pad, for example against atmospheric agents, abrasion, solar radiation, etc.
• the dampening pad is not in direct contact with the outside.
• the dampening pad is never (thanks to the aforesaid positioning of the support and protective plies) in direct contact with the infill, decreasing or eliminating the abrasion of the infill on the dampening pad. This allows to limit the damaging and/or the wear of the dampening pad and therefore a possible decrease and/or loss of the aforesaid performance properties.
• one between the support ply and the protective ply provides, thanks to its positioning at a face of the dampening pad, a protection for the dampening pad itself from the direct solar radiation.
• the aforesaid excessive temperature increase and the direct exposure to the UV rays of the dampening pad are limited and, consequently, the aforesaid phenomena dependent on them in terms of deterioration and/or degradation of the dampening pad and/or of the artificial turf mat, therefore limiting the damaging and the possible drop/loss of performance properties of the latters.
• the artificial strings that pass through all three the support ply, the dampening pad and the protective ply allow to link together the aforesaid three elements with a single industrial phase of tufting.
• the sturdiness and/or the resistance and/or the compactness of the artificial turf mat are further improved, while keeping the process industrially simple and/or fast and/or cheap.
• superiorly inferiorly refer to a normal positioning of an artificial turf mat installed to make an artificial turf surface.
• the present invention in one or more of the aforesaid aspects can have one or more of the following preferred features.
• said dampening pad is made of polymeric material, more preferably of (solid) polymeric foam, even more preferably with closed cells. According to the Applicant these types of materials facilitates the making of the dampening pad having the desired performance properties.
• Preferably making said composite layer comprises providing one among said support ply and said protective ply and (e.g. directly) applying on said one among said support ply and said protective ply a (e.g. liquid) mixture precursor of said dampening pad.
• Preferably making said composite layer comprises laying another among said support ply and said protective ply on said dampening pad or on said mixture, at opposite side with respect to said one among said support ply and said protective ply.
• thermosetting said mixture to transform it into said dampening pad.
• the phase of thermosetting of the mixture can be performed before or after the aforesaid phase of laying of the another among the support ply and the protective ply on the dampening pad (if the thermosetting has already been performed) or on the mixture (and therefore formerly to the phase of thermosetting).
• the composite layer having the desired performance properties (e.g. desired performance properties of the dampening pad and/or of the support and protective plies).
• Preferably making said composite layer comprises, more preferably before said applying on said one among said support ply and said protective ply said mixture, foaming said mixture.
• foaming the mixture comprises adding to the mixture a foaming additive (such as for example a surfactant and/or a blowing agent). In this way the making of the dampening pad having the desired performance properties is facilitated.
• said dampening pad has viscoelastic properties, more preferably it is made of viscoelastic material.
• viscoelastic properties it is meant the ability of a material to withstand a given action (e.g. absorb the energy impressed by a shock) while keeping the ability to return, once the action has ceased, to its undeformed configuration owned before of the given action (e.g. absorb the action by deforming in non-permanent way) introducing an appropriate delay between the ceased of the action and the complete recovery of the undergone deformation.
• the viscoelastic materials unlike the totally elastic materials, typically do not return the whole energy absorbed during a shock phenomenon, such as for example the fall of a user, the running, etc., but part of the absorbed energy is dissipated in viscous phenomena within the material itself. According to the Applicant, this feature facilitates the dampening effect of the pad (and therefore of the whole mat) since the user experiences a less abrupt and/or less intense impact in which part of the energy has been dissipated and, therefore, not returned.
• said dampening pad is made of a material obtained by emulsion.
• said mixture is an emulsion.
• said dampening pad is made of a polymeric material obtained by emulsion polymerization.
• said mixture is obtained by emulsion polymerization.
• said dampening pad is made of a polymeric material obtained by solution polymerization.
• said mixture is obtained by solution polymerization.
• said dampening pad is made of one or more of the following materials: styrene-butadiene rubber latex (SBR latex), styrene-butadiene latex (SBL), natural latex, polyurethane material (e.g. sorbothane), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber (EPDM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), even more preferably styrene-butadiene rubber latex.
• SBR latex styrene-butadiene rubber latex
• SBL styrene-butadiene latex
• natural latex polyurethane material (e.g. sorbothane), ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer rubber (EPDM), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), even more preferably styrene-butad
• thermosetting said mixture comprises cross-linking said mixture.
• desired performance properties for example mechanical properties in terms of apportionment between elastic response and viscous response at a given action (e.g. relatively to the viscoelastic behaviour).
• said mixture contains one or more cross-linking additives (e.g. sulphur or zinc oxide).
• cross-linking additives e.g. sulphur or zinc oxide.
• a thickness of said dampening pad is greater than or equal to 1 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 2 mm, even more preferably greater than or equal to 3 mm, and/or less than or equal to 17 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 15 mm, even more preferably less than or equal to 12 mm.
• this range of thicknesses allows to give the mat the desired performance properties while at the same time limiting the encumbrance of the mat and/or the use of material and therefore the related costs.
• thermosetting said mixture comprises subjecting said mixture to a first temperature for a first time interval.
• said first temperature is greater than or equal to 100°C, more preferably greater than or equal to 120°C, and/or less than or equal to 190°C, more preferably less than or equal to 170°C.
• said first time interval is greater than or equal to 5 minutes, and/or less than or equal to 10 minutes.
• thermosetting of the mixture is facilitated in order to properly make the dampening pad having the desired performance properties.
• said protective ply has ability of absorption and/or retainment of liquid substances, typically of water. In this way, in use, the protective ply tends to remain wet.
• the polymeric materials for example described in US2017/0152619 A1 for the making of the dampening layer i.e. PVC, PE, PP, PA, EPDM
• PVC, PE, PP, PA, EPDM have a poor ability of absorption of the water, and therefore the pad remains basically dry.
• the aforesaid technical feature according to the present invention instead allows, with the protective ply wet, to further limit the aforesaid overheating (e.g.
• the dampening pad by radiation and/or conduction) of the dampening pad, thereby reducing the aforesaid phenomena of deterioration and/or of degradation and/or of damaging of the latter and/or of the artificial turf mat. Furthermore, in the making of the composite layer, it can be facilitated for example the application on the protective ply (for example by pouring) of the mixture precursor of the dampening pad, since the protective ply allows the penetration and the retainment of the mixture (typically water based).
• said protective ply is made of non-woven fabric (preferably felt), more preferably obtained by needle-punching.
• finishing processes such as resin coating or heat setting can be carried out.
• said protective ply is made of fibres of polymeric material (e.g. PP, PET, PE, etc.). In this way the ability of absorption and/or retainment of liquid substances of the protective ply is enhanced.
• a thickness of said protective ply is greater than or equal to 0,5 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm, and/or less than or equal to 6 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 5 mm.
• the protective ply is sufficiently sturdy to protect the dampening pad from the aforesaid phenomena of damaging, while limiting the thickness of the protective ply and therefore the related cost and/or weight and/or not to degrade the performance properties provided by the dampening pad.
• said protective ply is made of warp and weft fabric or knitted fabric, more preferably made by fibres of polymeric material (e.g. PP, PET, PA -e.g. Nylon-, etc.).
• a thickness of said protective ply, more preferably when made of warp and weft fabric is greater than or equal to 0,1 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 0,3 mm, and/or less than or equal to 5 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 3 mm. For this fabric these thicknesses are sufficient to make a protective ply sufficiently sturdy to protect the dampening pad.
• said artificial strings have respective free end portions which protrude from said protective ply.
• said weaving by tufting said artificial yarn in said composite layer comprises making respective free end portions of said artificial strings which protrude from said protective ply.
• said artificial turf mat comprises a further dampening pad, more preferably arranged at (e.g. in contact with) said support ply, more preferably at opposite side with respect to said dampening pad.
• a further dampening pad more preferably arranged at (e.g. in contact with) said support ply, more preferably at opposite side with respect to said dampening pad.
• said further dampening pad has at least one of, more preferably all, the features of said dampening pad. In this way the production of the further dampening pad is facilitated (for example by using the same materials and/or precursor mixtures and/or machineries used for the production of the dampening pad).
• said artificial strings are made of one or more of the following materials: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE).
• PP polypropylene
• PE polyethylene
• said artificial strings have one or more of the following structures: fibrillated structure, smooth monofilament structure, texturized monofilament structure.
• the artificial turf mats have the desired mechanical properties (e.g. in terms of absorption of the actions) and/or the desired textures (e.g. to look as much as possible to a natural turf mat).
• each of said artificial strings has a mass per unit of length greater than or equal to 400 dtex, more preferably greater than or equal to 1500 dtex, and/or less than or equal to 6000 dtex, more preferably less than or equal to 2500 dtex.
• each artificial string has a mass per unit of length greater than or equal to 2000 dtex, more preferably greater than or equal to 4000 dtex, and/or less than or equal to 10000 dtex, more preferably less than or equal at 8000 dtex.
• each respective free end portion of said artificial strings is greater than or equal to 10 mm and/or less than or equal to 65 mm.
• said support ply and/or said protective ply is/are arranged in direct contact with said dampening pad. In this way the mat is rationally made, improving its sturdiness and/or compactness.
• said support ply is made of warp and weft fabric. In this way the weaving by tufting of the artificial strings is facilitated.
• said support ply is made of non-woven fabric (e.g. felt, fiberglass, spun-bond, etc.) or knitted fabric.
• said support ply is made of a material selected in the following group: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) (e.g. nylon), polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• PE polyethylene
• PP polypropylene
• PA polyamide
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• a thickness of said support ply is greater than or equal to 0,1 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 0,5 mm, and/or less than or equal to 2 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 1 ,5 mm.
• said artificial turf mat comprises a fixing coating for fixing in position said artificial strings, more preferably (directly) applied on said support ply, even more preferably at opposite side with respect to said dampening pad. In this way the fixing coating blocks in position the curved portion of the artificial strings (typically formed in the tufting phase at the support ply) reducing the possibility of unthreading of the artificial strings themselves.
• a thickness of said fixing coating is greater than or equal to 0,1 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 0,3 mm, and/or less than or equal to 1 ,5 mm, more preferably less than or equal to 1 mm.
• the fixing coating is in this way sturdy without exceeding in the consumption of material and therefore in the costs and/or in the overall weight of the mat.
• said production process comprises, more preferably subsequently to said weaving by tufting, (e.g. directly) applying on said support ply, more preferably at opposite side of the support ply with respect to the dampening pad, a further (liquid) mixture precursor of a fixing coating.
• said production process comprises, subsequently to said applying said further mixture, thermosetting (e.g. cross-linking) said further mixture to transform it into said fixing coating.
• thermosetting e.g. cross-linking
• said fixing coating is made of a material obtained by emulsion.
• said further mixture is an emulsion.
• said fixing coating is made of a polymeric material obtained by emulsion polymerization.
• said further mixture is obtained by emulsion polymerization.
• said fixing coating is made of a polymeric material obtained by solution polymerization.
• said further mixture is obtained by solution polymerization.
• said fixing coating is made of one or more of the following materials: styrene-butadiene rubber latex, styrene-butadiene latex, polyurethane material, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), glue.
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PE polyethylene
• thermosetting said further mixture comprises subjecting said further mixture to a second temperature for a second time interval.
• said second temperature is greater than or equal to 90°C, and/or less than or equal to 130°C.
• said second time interval is greater than or equal to 5 minutes, and/or less than or equal to 10 minutes.
• thermosetting of the further mixture is obtained in an industrial way.
• the invention relates to an artificial turf surface comprising an artificial turf mat according to the present invention.
• said artificial turf surface comprises a substrate, more preferably compact, on which said artificial turf mat lays. In this way a support for the whole surface is made.
• said artificial turf surface comprises an infill layer arranged above said artificial turf mat (e.g. above the protective ply, between the artificial strings).
• said performance and/or aesthetic properties of the artificial turf surface, in particular of the artificial turf mat are furtherly improved for example in terms of mechanical strength and/or adhesion for the users and/or resemblance to the natural turf.
• said infill layer has a mass per unit area greater than or equal to 4 kg/m 2 , more preferably greater than or equal to 6 kg/m 2 and/or less than or equal to 40 kg/m 2 , more preferably less than or equal to 30 kg/m 2 . Thanks to the presence of the dampening pad the needed mass per unit area of the infill layer is significantly limited, with same performances provided to the artificial turf surface.
• said infill layer is made of granules made of one or more (more preferably at least two) of the following materials: (siliceous) sand, polymeric material (such as SBR rubber, possibly recycled and ennobled by encapsulation with polyurethane material), natural material (e.g. coconut, cork, etc.).
• (siliceous) sand polymeric material (such as SBR rubber, possibly recycled and ennobled by encapsulation with polyurethane material), natural material (e.g. coconut, cork, etc.).
• polymeric material such as SBR rubber, possibly recycled and ennobled by encapsulation with polyurethane material
• natural material e.g. coconut, cork, etc.
• Figure 1 schematically shows an artificial turf mat according to the present invention
• Figures 2a, 2b, 2c schematically show three subsequent steps of a production process of an artificial turf mat according to the present invention
• Figure 3 schematically shows an artificial turf surface according to the present invention.
• an artificial turf mat comprising a support ply 2, a protective ply 3 and a dampening pad 4 interposed between the support ply 2 and the protective ply 3.
• a support ply 2 and the protective ply 3 are arranged in direct contact with the dampening pad 4.
• the artificial turf mat 1 comprises artificial strings 5 woven by tufting to the support ply 2, to the dampening pad 4 and to the protective ply 3 so that all the artificial strings 5 completely pass through the support ply 2, dampening pad 4 and protective ply 3.
• dampening pad 4 is made of closed cell solid polymeric foam of SBR rubber latex having viscoelastic properties.
• SBR latex is obtained by emulsion polymerization.
• a thickness S1 of the dampening pad 4 is equal to about 8 mm.
• the dampening pad can comprise a solid substrate and an open reticular structure, arranged directly above the solid substrate, made of a plurality of filaments fixed to each other to form a tangle having a three-dimensional development (as for example described in US2017/0152619 A1 ).
• the protective ply is arranged directly above the open reticular structure and the support ply is arranged below the solid substrate (in contact with the latter).
• the protective ply 3 is in felt made by needle-punching with fibres of polypropylene (PP) or polyester (PET) and it has a thickness S2 equal to about 2 mm.
• the protective ply can be made of warp and weft fabric or knitted fabric, with a thickness exemplarily equal to about 0,5 mm.
• the artificial turf mat 1 comprises artificial strings 5 all identical to each other and all having smooth monofilament structure and made of polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE).
• PP polypropylene
• PE polyethylene
• each artificial string 5 comprises two free end portions 6 which protrude from the protective ply 3, two intermediate portions 7 (contiguous with the two end portions 6) which pass through the protective ply, the dampening pad and the support ply, and a curved portion 8 (contiguous with the two intermediate portions 7) protruding from the support ply 2 (figs. 1 and 3).
• each end portion 6 of each artificial string 5 has a length L equal to about 50 mm.
• each end portion of each artificial string has a length equal to about 12 mm.
• the artificial strings comprise a first plurality of strings having a smooth monofilament structure and a second plurality of strings having a textured monofilament structure.
• the textured structure strings create a twisted structure that facilitates the dampening of the actions in combination with, or in place of, the infill layer.
• the twisted textured strings averagely remain more proximal to the protective ply and a length of the end portions of the smooth strings starting from the aforesaid twisted structure is about 12 mm.
• each artificial string 5 has a mass per unit of length equal to about 2000 dtex.
• the support ply 2 is of warp and weft fabric made of PP and it has a thickness S3 equal to about 1 mm.
• the artificial turf mat 1 comprises a fixing coating 9 for fixing in position the artificial strings 5, directly applied on the support ply 2, at opposite side with respect to the dampening pad 4.
• the fixing coating 9 is made of (not foamed) SBR rubber latex obtained by emulsion polymerisation.
• Exemplarily the fixing coating 9 has a thickness S4 equal to about 0,6 mm.
• the process comprises making a composite layer 99 comprising the support ply 2, a dampening pad 4 and a protective ply 3, wherein the dampening pad 4 is interposed between the support ply 2 and the protective ply 3.
• the process initially comprises providing the protective ply 3, for example carried out by a coil 80, and a liquid mixture 10 precursor of the dampening pad 4.
• the mixture 10 e.g. LAITEX NF-5617 of LAIEXTM
• LAIEXTM a liquid mixture 10 precursor of the dampening pad 4.
• the mixture may also contain an inert filling material (e.g. silica or calcium carbonate).
• an inert filling material e.g. silica or calcium carbonate.
• foaming the mixture 10 for example by adding a foaming additive (e.g. surfactant), at the foaming and spreading station 100.
• a foaming additive e.g. surfactant
• the process exemplarily comprises, at the foaming and spreading station 100, directly applying (e.g. pouring) onto the protective ply 3 the foamed liquid mixture 10, released from the tank 200.
• directly applying e.g. pouring
• the ability of absorption and/or retainment of liquid substances of the protective ply 3 facilitates the application of the mixture 10, since the penetration and the retainment of the latter on the protective ply 3 is facilitated.
• the liquid mixture 10 is directly poured onto the support ply 2 instead of onto the protective ply 3.
• thermosetting the mixture 10 to transform it into the dampening pad 4.
• thermosetting the mixture 10 comprises cross-linking the mixture.
• thermosetting the mixture 10 comprises maintaining a first set, consisting of the protective ply 3 (or of the support ply 2, in the alternative embodiment) and of the mixture 10 applied on it, in an oven 101 thermostated at a first temperature T1 equal to about 135°C for a first time interval equal to about 10 minutes. Subsequently (fig.
• the process exemplarily comprises laying the support ply 2 (or the protective ply 3, in the alternative embodiment) on the dampening pad 4, at opposite side of the dampening pad 4 with respect to the protective ply 3 (or to the support ply 2) for making the composite layer 99.
• weaving by tufting the artificial yarn 90 in the composite layer 99 comprises making respective free end portions 6 of the artificial strings 5 which protrude from the protective ply 3, by the cut of the loops of yarn 90.
• the production process exemplarily comprises directly applying on the support ply 2, at opposite side of the support ply 2 with respect to the dampening pad 4, a further liquid mixture 20, precursor of a fixing coating 9.
• the further mixture 20 is exemplarily obtained by emulsion polymerization and it is applied onto the support ply by spreading through the application cylinder 500.
• the production process comprises, subsequently to applying the further mixture 20, cross-linking the further mixture 20 to transform it into the fixing coating 9, for example by subjecting a second set, consisting of the protective ply 3, dampening pad 4, support ply 2, artificial strings 5 and the further mixture 20, to a second temperature T2, equal to about 120°C, for a second time interval equal to about 7 minutes.
• the second set is subjected to the second temperature T2 thanks to the oven 101 , in which the second set is inserted again.
• the oven 101 is suitably thermostated to be able to heat the second set according to a desired temperature distribution.
• a first portion 101 a of the oven 101 facing the further mixture 20 (e.g.
• the upper one is thermostated at the second temperature T2
• a second portion 101 b of the oven 101 i.e. the one facing the artificial strings 5 (e.g. the lower one)
• a third temperature T3 of about 50°C.
• the second set is preheated in a pre-oven 103 before being inserted into the oven 101.
• the artificial turf mat 1 is typically installed to make an artificial turf surface 400 such as that shown in figure 3.
• the artificial turf surface 400 comprises a compact clay substrate 401 (for example as known), on which the artificial turf mat 1 is laid.
• the artificial turf surface 400 comprises an infill layer 402 arranged above the artificial turf mat 1 , in particular above the protective ply 3, between the free end portions 6 of the artificial strings 5.
• the infill layer 402 is made of granular polymeric material (such as SBR rubber granules, recycled and ennobled by encapsulation with polyurethane material) and it has a mass per unit area equal to about 10 kg/m 2 .
• granular polymeric material such as SBR rubber granules, recycled and ennobled by encapsulation with polyurethane material
• the infill layer can be made by a stabilizing first sub layer (e.g. of silica sand) above which a performance second sub-layer is arranged (e.g. of ennobled granular polymeric material).
• a stabilizing first sub layer e.g. of silica sand
• a performance second sub-layer e.g. of ennobled granular polymeric material
• the artificial turf surface comprises a draining layer 403 (typically composed of a ply of waterproof material and of a draining system, not shown) arranged directly above the substrate 401 and below the artificial turf mat 1.
• the artificial turf surface can have a vertical drainage (wherein the water leaks into the ground).

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• 2019
  • 2019-04-04 IT IT102019000005068A patent/IT201900005068A1/it unknown
• 2020
  • 2020-04-01 WO PCT/IT2020/050083 patent/WO2020202234A1/en unknown
  • 2020-04-01 EP EP20721122.8A patent/EP3947818B1/en active Active

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