WO2020199497A1 - 一种确定轴承寿命方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种确定轴承寿命方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020199497A1
WO2020199497A1 PCT/CN2019/104309 CN2019104309W WO2020199497A1 WO 2020199497 A1 WO2020199497 A1 WO 2020199497A1 CN 2019104309 W CN2019104309 W CN 2019104309W WO 2020199497 A1 WO2020199497 A1 WO 2020199497A1
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Prior art keywords
travel
life
time
load
row
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PCT/CN2019/104309
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
侯建文
董晓红
张月军
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co Ltd
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Priority to US17/598,906 priority Critical patent/US20220163426A1/en
Priority to DE112019007140.8T priority patent/DE112019007140T8/de
Priority to JP2021557989A priority patent/JP2022528860A/ja
Publication of WO2020199497A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020199497A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of bearings, in particular to a method and device for determining bearing life.
  • Bearings as an important part of the transmission system of mechanical equipment, are mainly used to support the mechanical rotating body, reduce the friction coefficient of the mechanical rotating body during the movement, and ensure the rotation accuracy of the mechanical rotating body.
  • the life of the bearing is related to the use efficiency and operational reliability of the entire transmission system and mechanical equipment. Therefore, if the life of the bearing can be accurately determined, there will be Conducive to effective evaluation of the use of transmission systems and mechanical equipment. It should be noted that the bearing life can refer to the cumulative operating time when the inner and outer rings or rolling elements of the bearing first experience fatigue expansion.
  • the present invention provides a method and device for determining bearing life, so that even for bearings in some special transmission systems with complex working conditions, the life of the bearing can be accurately determined, so that the life of the bearing can be more accurately determined.
  • the operation status of the transmission system is well determined, and the reliability of the operation of the transmission system is improved.
  • the invention can be applied to the accurate calculation of the fatigue life of bogie gearbox bearings of almost all electric drive traction trains (such as EMUs, intercity trains, and municipal vehicles) in rail transit, and is also suitable for the calculation of bearing life of traction motors.
  • the calculation of the life of the axle box bearing of the driving wheel also has great applicability.
  • a method for determining bearing life including:
  • the load spectrum of the target working condition includes multiple load spectra under different working time
  • the life of the bearing is determined.
  • the calculating the equivalent average load under the target working condition according to the vibration load, the meshing load, and the output torque of the motor under each working period includes:
  • the equivalent average load under the target operating condition is calculated based on the equivalent dynamic load under each operating period under the target operating condition, the operating period and the motor speed under the operating period.
  • the target operating conditions include at least one of the following operating conditions: left-travel operating conditions for air-carriage passengers, right-travel operating conditions for empty passengers, left-travel operating conditions for rated passengers, and right-travel operating conditions for rated passengers. Conditions, left-hand driving conditions with overcrowded passengers, and right-hand travel conditions with overcrowded passengers.
  • the method further includes:
  • the third bearing life of the overcrowded passenger is calculated.
  • the method further includes:
  • the method further includes:
  • the second total time length, the third total time length, the first bearing life, the second bearing life, and the third bearing life determine the full service life of the bearing Condition life.
  • a device for determining bearing life including:
  • the first acquiring unit is used to acquire the current vibration load, meshing load and load spectrum of the target operating condition corresponding to the motor output torque for each working time;
  • the load spectrum of the target operating condition includes a plurality of different working hours Load spectrum under;
  • the first calculation unit is configured to calculate the equivalent average load under the target working condition according to the vibration load, the meshing load, and the output torque of the motor under each working period;
  • the first determining unit is configured to determine the life of the bearing based on the equivalent average load.
  • the first calculation unit includes:
  • the first calculation subunit is used to calculate the working time according to the vibration load, the meshing load and the motor output torque under the working time for each working time on the load spectrum of the target working condition
  • the equivalent dynamic load
  • the second calculation subunit is used to calculate the equivalent average under the target operating condition based on the equivalent dynamic load, the operating duration and the motor speed under the operating duration under the target operating condition Load.
  • the target operating conditions include at least one of the following operating conditions: left-travel operating conditions for air-carriage passengers, right-travel operating conditions for empty passengers, left-travel operating conditions for rated passengers, and right-travel operating conditions for rated passengers. Conditions, left-hand driving conditions with overcrowded passengers, and right-hand travel conditions with overcrowded passengers.
  • the device further includes:
  • the second acquisition unit is configured to, if it is an air-carriage passenger, acquire the first left-travel life and first left-travel duration corresponding to the left-travel operating condition of the air-travel passenger The first right row life and the first right row time;
  • the second calculation unit is configured to calculate the first bearing of the air-car passenger based on the first left travel life, the first left travel time, the first right travel life, and the first right travel time life;
  • the third obtaining unit is used to obtain the second left travel life and second left travel duration corresponding to the rated passenger load left travel condition, and the information corresponding to the rated passenger load right travel condition The second right row life and the second right row time;
  • the third calculation unit is configured to calculate the second bearing for the rated passenger-carrying capacity based on the second left travel life, the second left travel time, the second right travel life and the second right travel time life;
  • the fourth acquiring unit is used to obtain the third left travel life and the third left travel time corresponding to the left travel condition of the overcrowded passengers, and the information corresponding to the right travel condition of the overcrowded passengers The third right row life and the third right row time;
  • the fourth calculation unit is configured to calculate the third bearing for overcrowding and carrying passengers based on the third left-travel life, the third left-travel time, the third right-travel life and the third right-travel time life.
  • the device further includes:
  • the fifth acquiring unit is configured to acquire the first left-travel life and the first left-travel duration corresponding to the left-travel operating condition of the air-carrying passenger, and the first left-travel operating condition corresponding to the rated passenger-carrying left-travel operating condition. 2. Left-hand travel life and second left-hand travel time, and the third left-hand travel life and third left-hand travel time corresponding to the left-hand travel working condition for overcrowded passengers;
  • the fifth calculation unit is configured to be based on the first left row life, the first left row time, the second left row life, the second left row time, the third left row life, and the The third left row time, calculate the fourth bearing life of the left row;
  • the sixth acquiring unit is configured to, if it is a right-hand travel, acquire the first right-hand travel life and the first right-hand travel time corresponding to the right travel condition of the empty vehicle, and the first right travel time corresponding to the rated passenger-carrying right travel condition 2.
  • the sixth calculation unit is configured to be based on the first right-row life, the first right-row time, the second right-row life, the second right-row time, the third right-row life, and the For the third right row time, calculate the life of the fifth bearing on the right row.
  • the device further includes:
  • the seventh calculation unit is configured to calculate the first total time length of the air-carrying passenger based on the first left-hand travel time and the first right-handing time corresponding to the air-carrying passenger; Calculate the second total duration of the rated passenger-carrying time of the second left-hand travel time and the second right-hand travel time; based on the third left-hand travel time and the third right travel time corresponding to the overcrowded passengers Travel time, calculate the third total time for the overcrowded passenger;
  • the second determining unit is configured to be based on the first total time period, the second total time period, the third total time period, the first bearing life, the second bearing life, and the third bearing life, Determine the full operating life of the bearing.
  • the motor output torque corresponding to each working time is used, combined with the current vibration load of the bearing, Meshing load, calculating the equivalent average load under the target working condition; thereby, based on the equivalent average load, determining the life of the bearing.
  • the equivalent average load obtained not only considers the vibration load caused by the random irregularities of the wheel and rail, but also reflects the variable torque load transmitted by the motor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining bearing life in an embodiment of the present invention
  • step 102 is a schematic flowchart of an example of step 102 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining bearing life in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • rail vehicles include: trains, subways, trams, etc., which bring great convenience to people's travel.
  • the bogie is one of the important results of rail vehicles, and the life of the bearings in the upper gearbox directly determines the efficiency and reliability of the entire transmission system and even the entire rail vehicle.
  • bearing life refers to the cumulative operating time of the bearing inner and outer rings or rolling elements when fatigue expansion occurs for the first time. It is understandable that there is an exponential relationship between bearing life and its equivalent dynamic load. Therefore, to accurately calculate bearing life, it is necessary to calculate the equivalent dynamic load borne by the bearing as accurately as possible.
  • the bogie gearbox has to bear not only the variable torque load transmitted by the motor, but also the vibration load caused by the random unevenness of the wheel and rail due to its special working conditions, therefore, It is difficult to accurately calculate the equivalent dynamic load borne by the gearbox bearings.
  • a fixed value of the motor output torque is used to calculate the equivalent dynamic load borne by the gearbox bearing. In this way, because the difference in the output torque of the motor under different working conditions is not considered, As a result, the calculated equivalent dynamic load of the bearing is not accurate enough, and the calculated bearing life is not accurate.
  • the train traction supplier comprehensively considers the simulation of factors such as traction, braking, network voltage fluctuations, transmission efficiency of mechanical components, and left-to-right travel when the train runs at the actual distance between stations. Calculate the performance of the traction system, and calculate the "torque-time-speed" load spectrum of the traction motor, use the "torque-time-speed” load spectrum of the traction motor provided by the train traction supplier, and combine the bearing with the unstable change The cumulative theory of fatigue damage under stress can more accurately calculate bearing life.
  • the specific calculation method may include: obtaining the current vibration load of the bearing, the meshing load and the load spectrum of the target working condition corresponding to the motor output torque for each working time; the load spectrum of the target working condition includes a plurality of different working hours Under the load spectrum; according to the vibration load, the meshing load and the motor output torque under each of the working hours, calculate the equivalent average load under the target working condition; determine based on the equivalent average load The life of the bearing.
  • the bearing life determined in the embodiment of the present invention due to the introduction of the motor output torque of different working hours under each working condition, makes the equivalent average load obtained not only consider the vibration load caused by the random unevenness of the wheel and rail, but also reflect The characteristic of variable torque load transmitted by the motor is used to make the calculated bearing life more accurate, so as to better determine the operating status of the transmission system, thereby improving the reliability of the transmission system.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for determining the life of a bearing provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may specifically include:
  • Step 101 Obtain the current bearing vibration load, meshing load, and the load spectrum of the target working condition corresponding to the motor output torque for each working time; wherein the load spectrum of the target working condition includes loads under multiple different working hours Spectrum.
  • the target operating conditions of the train may include at least one of the following operating conditions: left-travel operating conditions for empty passengers, right-travel operating conditions for empty passengers, left operating conditions with rated passengers, and right operating conditions with rated passengers. Driving conditions, left-hand driving conditions with overcrowded passengers, and right-hand driving conditions with overcrowded passengers.
  • the train traction supplier will provide the corresponding "torque-time-speed" load spectrum of the traction motor for various working conditions.
  • the specific load spectrum of the traction motor is shown in Table 1:
  • each row in Table 1 is the relevant parameter corresponding to a working time under this working condition, which specifically includes the vehicle speed, locking power (Loco effect), and the locking power of each motor under this working time under this working condition. per motor), motor speed and motor output torque.
  • the load spectrum shown in Table 1 can be read to obtain the motor output torque corresponding to each working time in the load spectrum of the target working condition.
  • the current vibration acceleration of the bearing can be measured, and then the current vibration load of the bearing can be calculated according to the mass, center of gravity and current vibration acceleration of the bearing. It should be noted that the current vibration load of the bearing can refer to the IEC61373: “Railway Application-Locomotive Equipment-Shock and Vibration Test” standard formulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission.
  • the meshing load is determined according to the design of the gearbox. Specifically, the meshing load of the gear pair in the gearbox can be jointly calculated based on the torque, transmission ratio and other geometric parameters.
  • step 101 obtain the current bearing vibration load, meshing load and the load spectrum of the target working condition corresponding to the motor output torque for each working time, which provides for the subsequent accurate determination of the equivalent average load under the target working condition and the bearing life Data basis.
  • Step 102 Calculate an equivalent average load under the target working condition according to the vibration load, the meshing load, and the output torque of the motor under each working period.
  • the equivalent dynamic load refers to the conversion of the actual load into the equivalent dynamic load consistent with the determined basic dynamic load rating when the bearing is subjected to a combined radial and axial load at the same time.
  • the bearing life calculated by the equivalent dynamic load has the same measurement standard and can be compared under the same conditions.
  • step 102 refers to the implementation manner shown in FIG. 2 for details, which may include:
  • Step 201 For each working duration on the load spectrum of the target working condition, calculate an equivalent dynamic load for the working duration according to the vibration load, the meshing load, and the motor output torque at the working duration.
  • the vibration load, the meshing load, and the motor output torque under the working time can be calculated according to the preset calculation formula for the working time Equivalent dynamic load. For example: For each row corresponding to Table 1, the equivalent dynamic load corresponding to the row is calculated based on the vibration load, the meshing load and the motor output torque in the row.
  • the calculation formula of "calculating the equivalent dynamic load based on the vibration load, the meshing load and the motor output torque" can be set in advance by the technicians based on the accumulation of theory and experience, as long as a reasonable equivalent dynamic load can be calculated
  • the load can be used as the calculation formula, which is not specifically limited in this embodiment.
  • Step 202 Calculate the equivalent average load under the target operating condition based on the equivalent dynamic load under each operating period under the target operating condition, the operating period and the motor speed under the operating period.
  • the equivalent average load Fm under the target operating condition can be calculated for the current dynamic load Fi corresponding to each working duration under the target operating condition.
  • step 202 may specifically calculate the equivalent average load under the target working condition according to the following formula (1):
  • ui is the working time corresponding to the i-th working time
  • the unit can be: second; Fi is the equivalent dynamic load calculated according to step 201 under the i-th working time, the unit can be: cattle; ni is the i-th working time
  • the motor speed under the working hours, the unit can be: revolutions per minute; ⁇ is the bearing life index, which is a constant; Fm is the equivalent average load under the target working condition.
  • the calculation of the equivalent average load introduces the specific data of each working time in the "torque-time-speed" load spectrum of the traction motor, such as: motor output torque, working time and motor speed, using fatigue accumulation Theory can make the calculated equivalent average load more accurately reflect the condition of the bearing, thus providing a data basis for the subsequent accurate determination of the bearing life.
  • Step 103 Determine the life of the bearing based on the equivalent average load.
  • C is the rated load of the bearing, which is a constant
  • ⁇ is the bearing life index, which is a constant
  • Fm is the equivalent average load under the target operating condition
  • L 10m is the bearing life under the target operating condition.
  • the load spectrum of the motor output torque under various working conditions including a plurality of different working hours is used.
  • the motor output torque corresponding to each working time is used in combination with the current vibration of the bearing.
  • Load and meshing load calculate the equivalent average load under the target working condition; thereby, determine the life of the bearing based on the equivalent average load.
  • the equivalent average load obtained not only considers the vibration load caused by the random irregularities of the wheel and rail, but also reflects the variable torque load transmitted by the motor.
  • the above implementation methods can be used to accurately calculate the corresponding bearing life.
  • the following is a separate introduction to different target operating conditions, combinations of target operating conditions, and full operating conditions to determine the bearing life:
  • the method of calculating the first bearing life corresponding to the air-car passenger situation may specifically include:
  • S11 Acquire the first left-travel life and the first left-travel duration corresponding to the left-travel operating condition of the air-vehicle passenger, and the first right-travel life and the first right-travel duration corresponding to the right-travel operating condition of the air-travel passenger;
  • S12 Calculate the first bearing life of the airborne passenger based on the first left travel life, the first left travel time, the first right travel life, and the first right travel time.
  • the bearing life can be calculated, which is recorded as the first left-hand life;
  • the target operating condition according to the embodiment corresponding to Fig. 1, the bearing life can be calculated, which is recorded as the first right row life.
  • the maximum working time of the load spectrum corresponding to the left-hand driving condition of the air-carrying passenger can be checked and determined as the first left-hand running time.
  • the preset calculation formula can be used to calculate the first bearing life under the working conditions of the air-car passenger (including the air-car passenger traveling on the left and the air car passenger traveling on the right).
  • the first bearing life can be calculated according to the following formula (3) A bearing life:
  • a is the duration of the first left row
  • b is the duration of the first right row
  • L 10ma is the life of the first left row
  • L 10mb is the life of the first right row
  • It is the first bearing life under air-car passenger.
  • the method of calculating the second bearing life corresponding to the rated passenger load may specifically include:
  • S22 Calculate the second bearing life of the rated passenger load based on the second left travel life, the second left travel time, the second right travel life and the second right travel time.
  • the second bearing life can be calculated according to the following formula (4):
  • c is the second left row time
  • d is the second right row time
  • L 10mc is the second left row life
  • L 10md is the second right row life
  • It is the second bearing life under rated passenger load.
  • the method of calculating the life of the third bearing corresponding to the overcrowded passengers can include:
  • S31 Acquire the third left-row life and the third left-row time corresponding to the left-travel operating condition of the overcrowded passengers, and the third right-row life and third right-row time corresponding to the right-travel operating condition of the overcrowded passengers;
  • S32 Calculate the third bearing life of the overcrowded passenger based on the third left travel life, the third left travel time, the third right travel life, and the third right travel time.
  • the third bearing life can be calculated according to the following formula (5):
  • e is the third left row time
  • f is the third right row time
  • L 10me is the third left row life
  • L 10mf is the third right row life
  • It is the third bearing life under rated passenger load.
  • L 10ma , L 10mb , L 10mc , L 10md , L 10me, and L 10mf may all be calculated according to the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 1 with the corresponding operating conditions as the target operating conditions.
  • the method of calculating the life of the fourth bearing corresponding to the case of the left traveling may specifically include:
  • the bearing life can be calculated, which is recorded as the first left-hand life;
  • the bearing life can be calculated, which is recorded as the second left-travel life;
  • the bearing life is recorded as the third left row life.
  • the maximum working time of the load spectrum corresponding to the left-hand driving condition of the air-carrying passenger can be checked and determined as the first left-hand running time.
  • the preset calculation formula can be used to calculate the first bearing life under the working condition of the air-car passenger (including the air-car passenger traveling on the left and the air car passenger traveling on the right).
  • the first bearing life can be calculated according to the following formula (6) Four bearing life:
  • a is the first left row time
  • c is the second left row time
  • e is the third left row time
  • L 10ma is the first left row life
  • L 10mc is the second left row life
  • L 10me is the third left row Row life
  • It is the fourth bearing life under the left row.
  • the method of calculating the life of the fifth bearing corresponding to the right travel case may specifically include:
  • the fifth bearing life can be calculated according to the following formula (7):
  • b is the first right-row time
  • d is the second right-row time
  • f is the third right-row time
  • L 10mb is the first right-row life
  • L 10md is the second right-row life
  • L 10mf is the third right Row life
  • It is the fifth bearing life on the right row.
  • Implementation method one can specifically include:
  • S611 Calculate the first total time of the air-carrying passenger based on the first left-hand travel time and the first right-handing time corresponding to the air-carrying passenger; The left-hand time and the second right-hand time are calculated to calculate the second total time of the rated passenger; based on the third left-hand time and the third right-hand time corresponding to the overcrowded passenger, the calculation is State the third total time for overcrowded passengers;
  • the bearing life of all working conditions can be calculated according to the following formula (8):
  • o is the sum of the first left row duration a and the first right row duration b (ie, the first total duration)
  • p is the sum of the second left row duration c and the second right row duration d (ie, the second Total time)
  • q is the sum of the third left travel time e and the third right travel time f (ie, the third total time)
  • L 10 is the bearing life under full operating conditions.
  • Implementation mode two can specifically include:
  • S621 Calculate the fourth total time length of the left row based on the first left row time length, the second left row time length, and the third left row time length corresponding to the left row; Calculating the fifth total time length of the right row of the first right row time length, the second right row time length, and the third right row time length of
  • the bearing life of all working conditions can be calculated according to the following formula (9):
  • h is the sum of the first left row duration a, the second left row duration c, and the third left row duration e (ie, the fourth total duration), k the first right row duration b, the second right row duration d and the third row length f and the right (i.e., the fifth total length), L10mb a first right line of life, L 10 for the whole life of the bearing condition.
  • the equivalent average load obtained not only considers the vibration load caused by the random irregularities of the wheel and rail, but also reflects the variable torque load transmitted by the motor.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for determining the life of a bearing.
  • a device for determining the life of a bearing Referring to Fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining the life of a bearing is shown.
  • the device includes:
  • the first acquiring unit 301 is used to acquire the current vibration load, meshing load and load spectrum of the target operating condition corresponding to the motor output torque for each working period; the load spectrum of the target operating condition includes multiple different jobs Load spectrum under duration;
  • the first calculation unit 302 is configured to calculate the equivalent average load under the target working condition according to the vibration load, the meshing load, and the motor output torque under each working period;
  • the first determining unit 303 is configured to determine the life of the bearing based on the equivalent average load.
  • the first calculation unit 302 includes:
  • the first calculation subunit is used to calculate the working time according to the vibration load, the meshing load and the motor output torque under the working time for each working time on the load spectrum of the target working condition
  • the equivalent dynamic load
  • the second calculation subunit is used to calculate the equivalent average under the target operating condition based on the equivalent dynamic load, the operating duration and the motor speed under the operating duration under the target operating condition Load.
  • the target operating conditions include at least one of the following operating conditions: left-travel operating conditions for air-carriage passengers, right-travel operating conditions for empty passengers, left-travel operating conditions for rated passengers, and right-travel operating conditions for rated passengers. Conditions, left-hand driving conditions with overcrowded passengers, and right-hand travel conditions with overcrowded passengers.
  • the device further includes:
  • the second acquisition unit is configured to, if it is an air-carriage passenger, acquire the first left-travel life and first left-travel duration corresponding to the left-travel operating condition of the air-travel passenger The first right row life and the first right row time;
  • the second calculation unit is configured to calculate the first bearing of the air-car passenger based on the first left travel life, the first left travel time, the first right travel life, and the first right travel time life;
  • the third obtaining unit is used to obtain the second left travel life and second left travel duration corresponding to the rated passenger load left travel condition, and the information corresponding to the rated passenger load right travel condition The second right row life and the second right row time;
  • the third calculation unit is configured to calculate the second bearing for the rated passenger-carrying capacity based on the second left travel life, the second left travel time, the second right travel life and the second right travel time life;
  • the fourth acquiring unit is used to obtain the third left travel life and the third left travel time corresponding to the left travel condition of the overcrowded passengers, and the information corresponding to the right travel condition of the overcrowded passengers The third right row life and the third right row time;
  • the fourth calculation unit is configured to calculate the third bearing for overcrowding and carrying passengers based on the third left-travel life, the third left-travel time, the third right-travel life and the third right-travel time life.
  • the device further includes:
  • the fifth acquiring unit is configured to acquire the first left-travel life and the first left-travel duration corresponding to the left-travel operating condition of the air-carrying passenger, and the first left-travel operating condition corresponding to the rated passenger-carrying left-travel operating condition. 2. Left-hand travel life and second left-hand travel time, and the third left-hand travel life and third left-hand travel time corresponding to the left-hand travel working condition for overcrowded passengers;
  • the fifth calculation unit is configured to be based on the first left row life, the first left row time, the second left row life, the second left row time, the third left row life, and the The third left row time, calculate the fourth bearing life of the left row;
  • the sixth acquiring unit is configured to, if it is a right-hand travel, acquire the first right-hand travel life and the first right-hand travel time corresponding to the right travel condition of the empty vehicle, and the first right travel time corresponding to the rated passenger-carrying right travel condition 2.
  • the sixth calculation unit is configured to be based on the first right-row life, the first right-row time, the second right-row life, the second right-row time, the third right-row life, and the For the third right row time, calculate the life of the fifth bearing on the right row.
  • the device further includes:
  • the seventh calculation unit is configured to calculate the first total time length of the air-carrying passenger based on the first left-hand travel time and the first right-handing time corresponding to the air-carrying passenger; Calculate the second total duration of the rated passenger-carrying time of the second left-hand travel time and the second right-hand travel time; based on the third left-hand travel time and the third right travel time corresponding to the overcrowded passengers Travel time, calculate the third total time for the overcrowded passenger;
  • the second determining unit is configured to be based on the first total time period, the second total time period, the third total time period, the first bearing life, the second bearing life, and the third bearing life, Determine the full operating life of the bearing.
  • the computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as read-only memory (English: read-only memory, ROM)/RAM, magnetic disk, An optical disc, etc., includes a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network communication device such as a router) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • a computer device which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network communication device such as a router
  • the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.
  • the description is relatively simple, and for related parts, please refer to the partial description of the method embodiment.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place. , Or it can be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative work.

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Abstract

一种确定轴承寿命的方法和装置，通过各个工况下包括多个不同的工作时长下电机输出扭矩的载荷谱，针对目标工况，利用每个工作时长对应的电机输出扭矩，结合轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷，计算该目标工况下的当量平均载荷；从而基于当量平均载荷，确定轴承的寿命。这样，由于引入每个工况下不同工作时长的电机输出扭矩，使得获得的当量平均载荷不仅考虑了轮轨随机不平顺等带来的振动载荷，还体现了电机传来的变扭矩载荷这一特征，从而使计算出的轴承寿命更加准确，以便更好地确定出该传动系统的运行状况，从而提高了传动系统运行的可靠性。

Description

一种确定轴承寿命方法和装置
本申请要求于2019年4月1日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号为201910257598.5、发明名称为“一种确定轴承寿命方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轴承技术领域，特别是涉及一种确定轴承寿命方法和装置。
背景技术
轴承，作为机械设备中传动系统的一种重要零部件，主要用于支撑机械旋转体，降低机械旋转体在运动过程中的摩擦系数，并保证该机械旋转体的回转精度。对于整个传动系统，甚至整个机械设备(例如：轨道交通列车)，轴承的寿命长短关系着整个传动系统和机械设备的使用效率和运行可靠性，所以，如果可以准确的确定轴承的寿命，将有利于对传动系统和机械设备的使用状况进行有效的评估。需要说明的是，轴承寿命可以是指轴承内外套圈或滚动体首次出现疲劳扩展时的累计运转时间。
但是，对于传动系统中轴承，目前，其寿命的计算都比较笼统，计算出的寿命值与轴承的实际寿命存在一定的偏差，导致对包括该轴承的传动系统的运行状况的判断不够准确。例如：对于一些特殊的传动系统，如：转向架齿轮箱的轴承，由于其特殊的服役特点——既要承受电机传来的变扭矩载荷，又要承受轮轨随机不平顺等带来的振动载荷，因此，准确计算转向架齿轮箱中轴承的寿命十分困难。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种确定轴承寿命的方法和装置，以使得即使对于工况复杂的一些特殊传动系统中的轴承，也能够准确的确定出该轴承的寿命，从而能够更好的确定出该传动系统的运行状况，提高了传动系统运行的可靠性。
本发明可应用于轨道交通几乎所有电传动牵引列车(如：动车组、城际列车、市域车)的转向架齿轮箱轴承疲劳寿命的精确计算，同时也适用于牵引电机轴承寿命的计算，对动车轮对轴箱轴承寿命的计算也有很大的适用性。
第一方面，提供了一种确定轴承寿命的方法，包括：
获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩；所述目标工况的载荷谱包括多个不同的工作时长下的载荷谱；
根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷；
基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。
可选地，所述根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷，包括：
针对所述目标工况载荷谱上的每个工作时长，根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该 工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算该工作时长下的当量动载荷；
基于所述目标工况下每个工作时长下的所述当量动载荷、工作时长和该工作时长下的电机转速，计算所述目标工况下的所述当量平均载荷。
可选地，所述目标工况包括下述工况下的至少一种：空车载客左行工况、空车载客右行工况、额定载客左行工况、额定载客右行工况、超员载客左行工况和超员载客右行工况。
可选地，该方法还包括：
若为空车载客，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长；
基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第一右行寿命和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一轴承寿命；
若为额定载客，则，获取所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长；
基于所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第二右行寿命和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二轴承寿命；
若为超员载客，则，获取所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长、所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
基于所述第三左行寿命、所述第三左行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三轴承寿命。
可选地，该方法还包括：
若为左行，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、以及所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长；
基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第三左行寿命和所述第三左行时长，计算所述左行的第四轴承寿命；
若为右行，则，获取所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长、以及所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
基于所述第一右行寿命、所述第一右行时长、所述第二右行寿命、所述第二右行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述右行的第五轴承寿命。
可选地，该方法还包括：
基于所述空车载客对应的所述第一左行时长和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一总时长；基于所述额定载客对应的所述第二左行时长和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二总时长；基于所述超员载客对应的所述第三左行时长和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三总时长；
基于所述第一总时长、所述第二总时长、所述第三总时长、所述第一轴承寿命、所述第二轴承寿命和所述第三轴承寿命，确定所述轴承的全工况寿命。
第二方面，还提供了一种确定轴承寿命的装置，包括：
第一获取单元，用于获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩；所述目标工况的载荷谱包括多个不同的工作时长下的载荷谱；
第一计算单元，用于根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷；
第一确定单元，用于基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。
可选地，所述第一计算单元，包括：
第一计算子单元，用于针对所述目标工况载荷谱上的每个工作时长，根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算该工作时长下的当量动载荷；
第二计算子单元，用于基于所述目标工况下每个工作时长下的所述当量动载荷、工作时长和该工作时长下的电机转速，计算所述目标工况下的所述当量平均载荷。
可选地，所述目标工况包括下述工况下的至少一种：空车载客左行工况、空车载客右行工况、额定载客左行工况、额定载客右行工况、超员载客左行工况和超员载客右行工况。
可选地，该装置还包括：
第二获取单元，用于若为空车载客，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长；
第二计算单元，用于基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第一右行寿命和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一轴承寿命；
第三获取单元，用于若为额定载客，则，获取所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长；
第三计算单元，用于基于所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第二右行寿命和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二轴承寿命；
第四获取单元，用于若为超员载客，则，获取所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长、所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
第四计算单元，用于基于所述第三左行寿命、所述第三左行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三轴承寿命。
可选地，该装置还包括：
第五获取单元，用于若为左行，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、以及所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长；
第五计算单元，用于基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第三左行寿命和所述第三左行时长，计算所述左行的第四轴承寿命；
第六获取单元，用于若为右行，则，获取所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长、以及所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
第六计算单元，用于基于所述第一右行寿命、所述第一右行时长、所述第二右行寿命、所述第二右行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述右行的第五轴承寿 命。
可选地，该装置还包括：
第七计算单元，用于基于所述空车载客对应的所述第一左行时长和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一总时长；基于所述额定载客对应的所述第二左行时长和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二总时长；基于所述超员载客对应的所述第三左行时长和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三总时长；
第二确定单元，用于基于所述第一总时长、所述第二总时长、所述第三总时长、所述第一轴承寿命、所述第二轴承寿命和所述第三轴承寿命，确定所述轴承的全工况寿命。
在本发明实施例中，通过各个工况下包括多个不同的工作时长下电机输出扭矩的载荷谱，针对目标工况，利用每个工作时长对应的电机输出扭矩，结合轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷，计算该目标工况下的当量平均载荷；从而基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。这样，由于引入每个工况下不同工作时长的电机输出扭矩，使得获得的当量平均载荷不仅考虑了轮轨随机不平顺等带来的振动载荷，还体现了电机传来的变扭矩载荷这一特征，从而使计算出的轴承寿命更加准确，以便更好的确定出该传动系统的运行状况，从而提高了传动系统运行的可靠性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例中一种确定轴承寿命的方法的流程示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中步骤102的一示例的流程示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中一种确定轴承寿命的装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
目前，轨道交通工具包括：火车、地铁、有轨电车等，给人们的出行带来了极大的便利。其中，转向架作为轨道交通工具的重要结果之一，其上齿轮箱中轴承的寿命，直接决定整个传动系统乃至整个轨道交通工具的使用效率和运用可靠性。通常，轴承寿命是指轴承寿命可以是指轴承内外套圈或滚动体首次出现疲劳扩展时的累计运转时间。可以理解的是，轴承寿命一般与其承受的当量动载荷之间呈指数关系，那么，要想准确计算轴承寿命，需要尽可能精确的计算轴承所承受的当量动载荷。
但是，经过发明人的研究发现，转向架齿轮箱由于其特殊的工作状况，即，既要承受电机传来的变扭矩载荷，又要承受轮轨随机不平顺等带来的振动载荷，因此，准确计算齿轮箱轴承所承受的当量动载荷是比较困难的。一些实现方式中，面对各种工况，均采用一个通过固定不变的电机输出扭矩值，计算齿轮箱轴承承受的当量动载荷，这样，由于没有考虑不同工况下电机输出扭矩的差异，导致计算出的轴承的当量动载荷不够准确的，从而 造成计算出的轴承寿命也不准确。
基于此，在本发明实施例中，由于列车牵引供货商在施工设计时，综合考虑列车按照实际站间距运行时的牵引、制动、网压波动、机械部件传动效率、左右行等因素仿真计算牵引系统的性能，并计算出牵引电机的“扭矩-时间-转速”载荷谱，利用列车牵引供货商提供的该牵引电机的“扭矩-时间-转速”载荷谱，结合轴承承受不稳定变应力时的疲劳损伤累计理论，可以较为精确的计算轴承寿命。具体的计算方式可以包括：获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩；所述目标工况的载荷谱包括多个不同的工作时长下的载荷谱；根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷；基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。
可见，本发明实施例中确定的轴承寿命，由于引入每个工况下不同工作时长的电机输出扭矩，使得获得的当量平均载荷不仅考虑了轮轨随机不平顺等带来的振动载荷，还体现了电机传来的变扭矩载荷这一特征，从而使计算出的轴承寿命更加准确，以便更好的确定出该传动系统的运行状况，从而提高了传动系统运行的可靠性。
下面结合附图，通过实施例来详细说明本发明实施例中确定轴承寿命的方法的具体实现方式。
图1示出了本发明实施例提供的确定轴承寿命的方法的流程示意图。参见图1，本发明实施例具体可以包括：
步骤101，获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩；其中，该目标工况的载荷谱包括多个不同的工作时长下的载荷谱。
可以理解的是，列车的目标工况可以包括下述工况下的至少一种：空车载客左行工况、空车载客右行工况、额定载客左行工况、额定载客右行工况、超员载客左行工况和超员载客右行工况。
列车牵引供货商会针对各种工况，分别提供对应的牵引电机的“扭矩-时间-转速”载荷谱，例如：具体的牵引电机的载荷谱的形式如下表1所示：
其中，表1中的每一行是该工况下一个工作时长对应的相关参数，具体包括该工况的该工作时长下的车速、锁动力(Loco effort)、每个电机的锁动力(Loco effort per motor)、电机转速和电机输出扭矩。
具体实现时，可以通过读取如表1所示的载荷谱，获得目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩。
可以理解的是，对于轴承当前的振动载荷，可以是通过实测当前轴承的振动加速度，然后根据该轴承的质量、重心以及当前的振动加速度，计算得到轴承当前的振动载荷。需要说明的是，轴承当前的振动载荷可以参考国际电工委员会制订的IEC61373：“铁路应用-机车车辆设备-冲击和振动试验”标准。
可以理解的是，对于啮合载荷，根据齿轮箱的设计确定，具体可以根据扭矩、传动比以及其他的几何参数，共同计算出齿轮箱中齿轮副的啮合载荷。
按照步骤101获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩，为后续准确的确定目标工况下的当量平均载荷以及轴承的寿命提供了数据基础。
表1某工况下牵引电机的“扭矩-时间-转速”载荷谱
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000001
步骤102，根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷。
可以理解的是，当量动载荷是指：轴承在同时承受径向和轴向的联合载荷时，将实际载荷转换为与确定的基本额定动载荷的载荷条件相一致的当量动载荷。也就是说，利用当量动载荷计算出的轴承寿命，具有相同的衡量标准，可以在相同条件下进行比较。
具体实现时，步骤102的实现具体参见图2所示的实现方式，可以包括：
步骤201，针对所述目标工况载荷谱上的每个工作时长，根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算该工作时长下的当量动载荷。
可以理解的是，针对目标公开载荷谱上的每个工作时长，振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，可以按照预设的计算公式计算出该工作时长下的当量动载荷。例如：针对表1对应的每一行，均根据振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该行中的电机输出扭矩，计算出该行对应的当量动载荷。
具体实现时，如果该工况下提供了N(N为正整数)个工作时长的载荷谱，那么，可以针对这N个工作时长，根据每个工作时长对应的电机输出扭矩，计算出对应的N个当量动载荷Fi(i＝1,2，…，N)。
“根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和所述电机输出扭矩，计算当量动载荷”的计算公式，可以是技术人员根据理论和经验积累，预先进行设置，只要可以计算出较为合理的当量动载荷均可以作为该计算公式，在本实施例中不作具体限定。
步骤202，基于所述目标工况下每个工作时长下的所述当量动载荷、工作时长和该工作时长下的电机转速，计算所述目标工况下的所述当量平均载荷。
可以理解的是，对于同一目标工况，可以针对该目标工况下每个工作时长对应的当前动载荷Fi，计算出该目标工况下的当量平均载荷Fm。
作为一个示例，步骤202具体可以根据下述公式(1)计算目标工况下的当量平均载荷：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000002
其中，ui为第i个工作时长对应的工作时长，单位可以是：秒；Fi为第i个工作时长下根据步骤201计算出的当量动载荷，单位可以是：牛；ni为该第i个工作时长下的电机转速，单位可以是：转/分钟；ε为轴承寿命指数，为常数；Fm为目标工况下的当量平均载荷。
可以理解的是，由于计算当量平均载荷引入了牵引电机的“扭矩-时间-转速”载荷谱中的各个工作时长下的具体数据，如：电机输出扭矩、工作时长以及电机转速，利用了疲劳累积理论，可以使得计算出的当量平均载荷更加准确的体现轴承的状况，从而为后续准确的确定轴承的寿命提供了数据基础。
步骤103，基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。
具体实现时，可以利用下述公式(2)计算轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000003
其中，C为轴承的额定载荷，为常数；；ε为轴承寿命指数，为常数；Fm为目标工况下的当量平均载荷；L 10m为该目标工况下的轴承寿命。
可见，在本发明实施例中，通过各个工况下包括多个不同的工作时长下电机输出扭矩的载荷谱，针对目标工况，利用每个工作时长对应的电机输出扭矩，结合轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷，计算该目标工况下的当量平均载荷；从而基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。这样，由于引入每个工况下不同工作时长的电机输出扭矩，使得获得的当量平均载荷不仅考虑了轮轨随机不平顺等带来的振动载荷，还体现了电机传来的变扭矩载荷这一特征，从而使计算出的轴承寿命更加准确，以便更好的确定出该传动系统的运行 状况，从而提高了传动系统运行的可靠性。
另外，对于不同的目标工况，均可以采用上述实现方式准确的计算出对应的轴承寿命。下面对不同的目标工况、目标工况的组合以及全工况下，确定轴承寿命的方式进行分别的介绍：
情况一：
对于列车空车载客的情况，计算空车载客情况对应的第一轴承寿命的方式具体可以包括：
S11，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长；
S12，基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第一右行寿命和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一轴承寿命。
作为一个示例，将空车载客左行工况作为目标工况，根据图1对应的实施例，可以计算出轴承寿命，记作第一左行寿命；同理，将空车载客右行工况作为目标工况，根据图1对应的实施例，可以计算出轴承寿命，记作第一右行寿命。而且，可以根据各目标工况对应的牵引电机的“扭矩-时间-转速”载荷谱，查看空车载客左行工况对应的载荷谱的最大工作时长，确定为第一左行时长，同理，也可查看空车载客右行工况对应的载荷谱的最大工作时长，确定为第一右行时长。接着，可以利用预设的计算公式，计算该空车载客(包括空车载客左行和空车载客右行)工况下的第一轴承寿命，例如：可以根据下述公式(3)计算第一轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000004
其中，a为第一左行时长，b为第一右行时长，L 10ma为第一左行寿命，L 10mb为第一右行寿命，
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000005
为空车载客下第一轴承寿命。
情况二：
对于列车额定载客的情况，计算额定载客情况对应的第二轴承寿命的方式具体可以包括：
S21，获取所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长；
S22，基于所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第二右行寿命和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二轴承寿命。
相关描述可以参见对于空车载情况的相关介绍。
例如：可以根据下述公式(4)计算第二轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000006
其中，c为第二左行时长，d为第二右行时长，L 10mc为第二左行寿命，L 10md为第二右行寿命，
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000007
为额定载客下第二轴承寿命。
情况三：
对于列车超员载客的情况，计算超员载客情况对应的第三轴承寿命的方式具体可以包括：
S31，获取所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长、所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
S32，基于所述第三左行寿命、所述第三左行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三轴承寿命。
相关描述可以参见对于空车载情况的相关介绍。
例如：可以根据下述公式(5)计算第三轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000008
其中，e为第三左行时长，f为第三右行时长，L 10me为第三左行寿命，L 10mf为第三右行寿命，
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000009
为额定载客下第三轴承寿命。
需要说明的是，上述L 10ma、L 10mb、L 10mc、L 10md、L 10me和L 10mf均可以是根据上述图1对应的实施例，将对应的工况作为目标工况，计算得到的。
情况四：
对于列车左行的情况，计算左行情况对应的第四轴承寿命的方式具体可以包括：
S41，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述额定载客 左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、以及所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长；
S42，基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第三左行寿命和所述第三左行时长，计算所述左行的第四轴承寿命。
作为一个示例，将空车载客左行工况作为目标工况，根据图1对应的实施例，可以计算出轴承寿命，记作第一左行寿命；同理，将额定载客左行工况作为目标工况，根据图1对应的实施例，可以计算出轴承寿命，记作第二左行寿命；将超员载客左行工况作为目标工况，根据图1对应的实施例，可以计算出轴承寿命，记作第三左行寿命。而且，可以根据各目标工况对应的牵引电机的“扭矩-时间-转速”载荷谱，查看空车载客左行工况对应的载荷谱的最大工作时长，确定为第一左行时长，同理，也可查看额定载客左行工况对应的载荷谱的最大工作时长，确定为第二左行时长；查看超员载客左行工况对应的载荷谱的最大工作时长，确定为第三左行时长。接着，可以利用预设的计算公式，计算该空车载客(包括空车载客左行和空车载客右行)工况下的第一轴承寿命，例如：可以根据下述公式(6)计算第四轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000010
其中，a为第一左行时长，c为第二左行时长，e为第三左行时长，L 10ma为第一左行寿命，L 10mc为第二左行寿命，L 10me为第三左行寿命，，
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000011
为左行下第四轴承寿命。
情况五：
对于列车右行的情况，计算右行情况对应的第五轴承寿命的方式具体可以包括：
S51，获取所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长、以及所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
S52，基于所述第一右行寿命、所述第一右行时长、所述第二右行寿命、所述第二右行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述右行的第五轴承寿命。
相关描述可以参见对于空车载情况的相关介绍。
例如：可以根据下述公式(7)计算第五轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000012
其中，b为第一右行时长，d为第二右行时长，f为第三右行时长，L 10mb为第一右行寿命，L 10md为第二右行寿命，L 10mf为第三右行寿命，，
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000013
为右行下第五轴承寿命。
情况六：
对于列车的全工况，计算全工况下的轴承全工况寿命，具体可以包括下述两者实现方式。实现方式一可以具体包括：
S611，基于所述空车载客对应的所述第一左行时长和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一总时长；基于所述额定载客对应的所述第二左行时长和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二总时长；基于所述超员载客对应的所述第三左行时长和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三总时长；
S612,基于所述第一总时长、所述第二总时长、所述第三总时长、所述第一轴承寿命、所述第二轴承寿命和所述第三轴承寿命，确定所述轴承的全工况寿命。
例如：可以根据下述公式(8)计算全工况轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000014
其中，o为第一左行时长a和第一右行时长b的和(即，第一总时长)，p为第二左行时长c和第二右行时长d的和(即，第二总时长)，q为第三左行时长e和第三右行时长f的和(即，第三总时长)，L 10为全工况轴承寿命。
实现方式二可以具体包括：
S621，基于所述左行对应的所述第一左行时长、所述第二左行时长和所述第三左行时长，计算所述左行的第四总时长；基于所述右行对应的所述第一右行时长、所述第二右行时长和所述第三右行时长，计算所述右行的第五总时长；
S622,基于所述第四总时长、所述第五总时长、所述第一轴承寿命、所述第四轴承寿命和所述第五轴承寿命，确定所述轴承的全工况寿命。
例如：可以根据下述公式(9)计算全工况轴承寿命：
Figure PCTCN2019104309-appb-000015
其中，h为第一左行时长a、第二左行时长c和第三左行时长e的和(即，第四总时长)，k第一右行时长b、第二右行时长d和第三右行时长f的和(即，第五总时长)，L10mb为第一右行寿命，L 10为全工况轴承寿命。
需要说明的是，对于同一列车上的同一转向架齿轮箱中的一个轴承，根据上述S611～S612计算出的全工况轴承寿命，和根据上述S621～S622计算出的全工况轴承寿命是一致的。
这样，由于引入每个工况下不同工作时长的电机输出扭矩，使得获得的当量平均载荷不仅考虑了轮轨随机不平顺等带来的振动载荷，还体现了电机传来的变扭矩载荷这一特征，从而使计算出的轴承寿命更加准确，以便更好的确定出该传动系统的运行状况，从而提高了传动系统运行的可靠性。
此外，本发明实施例还提供了一种确定轴承寿命的装置，参见图3示出的一种确定轴承寿命的装置的结构示意图，该装置包括：
第一获取单元301，用于获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩；所述目标工况的载荷谱包括多个不同的工作时长下的载荷谱；
第一计算单元302，用于根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷；
第一确定单元303，用于基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。
可选地，所述第一计算单元302，包括：
第一计算子单元，用于针对所述目标工况载荷谱上的每个工作时长，根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算该工作时长下的当量动载荷；
第二计算子单元，用于基于所述目标工况下每个工作时长下的所述当量动载荷、工作时长和该工作时长下的电机转速，计算所述目标工况下的所述当量平均载荷。
可选地，所述目标工况包括下述工况下的至少一种：空车载客左行工况、空车载客右行工况、额定载客左行工况、额定载客右行工况、超员载客左行工况和超员载客右行工况。
可选地，该装置还包括：
第二获取单元，用于若为空车载客，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长；
第二计算单元，用于基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第一右行寿命 和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一轴承寿命；
第三获取单元，用于若为额定载客，则，获取所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长；
第三计算单元，用于基于所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第二右行寿命和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二轴承寿命；
第四获取单元，用于若为超员载客，则，获取所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长、所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
第四计算单元，用于基于所述第三左行寿命、所述第三左行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三轴承寿命。
可选地，该装置还包括：
第五获取单元，用于若为左行，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、以及所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长；
第五计算单元，用于基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第三左行寿命和所述第三左行时长，计算所述左行的第四轴承寿命；
第六获取单元，用于若为右行，则，获取所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长、以及所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
第六计算单元，用于基于所述第一右行寿命、所述第一右行时长、所述第二右行寿命、所述第二右行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述右行的第五轴承寿命。
可选地，该装置还包括：
第七计算单元，用于基于所述空车载客对应的所述第一左行时长和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一总时长；基于所述额定载客对应的所述第二左行时长和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二总时长；基于所述超员载客对应的所述第三左行时长和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三总时长；
第二确定单元，用于基于所述第一总时长、所述第二总时长、所述第三总时长、所述第一轴承寿命、所述第二轴承寿命和所述第三轴承寿命，确定所述轴承的全工况寿命。
需要说明的是，上述描述为一种确定轴承寿命的装置的相关描述，其中，具体实现方 式以及达到的效果，可以参见上述确定轴承寿命的方法实施例的描述，这里不再赘述。
本发明实施例中提到的“第一左行时长”、“第一左行寿命”等名称中的“第一”只是用来做名字标识，并不代表顺序上的第一。该规则同样适用于“第二”等。
通过以上的实施方式的描述可知，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到上述实施例方法中的全部或部分步骤可借助软件加通用硬件平台的方式来实现。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在存储介质中，如只读存储器(英文：read-only memory，ROM)/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者诸如路由器等网络通信设备)执行本发明各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其，对于装置实施例而言，由于其基本相似于方法实施例，所以描述得比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中作为分离部件说明的模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种确定轴承寿命的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩；所述目标工况的载荷谱包括多个不同的工作时长下的载荷谱；
    根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷；
    基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷，包括：
    针对所述目标工况载荷谱上的每个工作时长，根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算该工作时长下的当量动载荷；
    基于所述目标工况下每个工作时长下的所述当量动载荷、工作时长和该工作时长下的电机转速，计算所述目标工况下的所述当量平均载荷。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述目标工况包括下述工况下的至少一种：空车载客左行工况、空车载客右行工况、额定载客左行工况、额定载客右行工况、超员载客左行工况和超员载客右行工况。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    若为空车载客，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长；
    基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第一右行寿命和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一轴承寿命；
    若为额定载客，则，获取所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长；
    基于所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第二右行寿命和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二轴承寿命；
    若为超员载客，则，获取所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长、所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
    基于所述第三左行寿命、所述第三左行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三轴承寿命。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    若为左行，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、以及所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长；
    基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第三左行寿命和所述第三左行时长，计算所述左行的第四轴承寿命；
    若为右行，则，获取所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长、以及所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
    基于所述第一右行寿命、所述第一右行时长、所述第二右行寿命、所述第二右行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述右行的第五轴承寿命。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
    基于所述空车载客对应的所述第一左行时长和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一总时长；基于所述额定载客对应的所述第二左行时长和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二总时长；基于所述超员载客对应的所述第三左行时长和所述第三右行时 长，计算所述超员载客的第三总时长；
    基于所述第一总时长、所述第二总时长、所述第三总时长、所述第一轴承寿命、所述第二轴承寿命和所述第三轴承寿命，确定所述轴承的全工况寿命。
  7. 一种确定轴承寿命的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一获取单元，用于获取轴承当前的振动载荷、啮合载荷和目标工况的载荷谱中每个工作时长下对应的电机输出扭矩；所述目标工况的载荷谱包括多个不同的工作时长下的载荷谱；
    第一计算单元，用于根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和每个所述工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算所述目标工况下的当量平均载荷；
    第一确定单元，用于基于所述当量平均载荷，确定所述轴承的寿命。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一计算单元，包括：
    第一计算子单元，用于针对所述目标工况载荷谱上的每个工作时长，根据所述振动载荷、所述啮合载荷和该工作时长下的所述电机输出扭矩，计算该工作时长下的当量动载荷；
    第二计算子单元，用于基于所述目标工况下每个工作时长下的所述当量动载荷、工作时长和该工作时长下的电机转速，计算所述目标工况下的所述当量平均载荷。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述目标工况包括下述工况下的至少一种：空车载客左行工况、空车载客右行工况、额定载客左行工况、额定载客右行工况、超员载客左行工况和超员载客右行工况。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第二获取单元，用于若为空车载客，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长；
    第二计算单元，用于基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第一右行寿命和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一轴承寿命；
    第三获取单元，用于若为额定载客，则，获取所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长；
    第三计算单元，用于基于所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第二右行寿命和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二轴承寿命；
    第四获取单元，用于若为超员载客，则，获取所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长、所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
    第四计算单元，用于基于所述第三左行寿命、所述第三左行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三轴承寿命。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第五获取单元，用于若为左行，则，获取所述空车载客左行工况对应的第一左行寿命和第一左行时长、所述额定载客左行工况对应的第二左行寿命和第二左行时长、以及所述超员载客左行工况对应的第三左行寿命和第三左行时长；
    第五计算单元，用于基于所述第一左行寿命、所述第一左行时长、所述第二左行寿命、所述第二左行时长、所述第三左行寿命和所述第三左行时长，计算所述左行的第四轴承寿命；
    第六获取单元，用于若为右行，则，获取所述空车载客右行工况对应的第一右行寿命和第一右行时长、所述额定载客右行工况对应的第二右行寿命和第二右行时长、以及所述超员载客右行工况对应的第三右行寿命和第三右行时长；
    第六计算单元，用于基于所述第一右行寿命、所述第一右行时长、所述第二右行寿命、所述第二右行时长、所述第三右行寿命和所述第三右行时长，计算所述右行的第五轴承寿命。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    第七计算单元，用于基于所述空车载客对应的所述第一左行时长和所述第一右行时长，计算所述空车载客的第一总时长；基于所述额定载客对应的所述第二左行时长和所述第二右行时长，计算所述额定载客的第二总时长；基于所述超员载客对应的所述第三左行时长和所述第三右行时长，计算所述超员载客的第三总时长；
    第二确定单元，用于基于所述第一总时长、所述第二总时长、所述第三总时长、所述第一轴承寿命、所述第二轴承寿命和所述第三轴承寿命，确定所述轴承的全工况寿命。
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