WO2020195975A1 - 立体虚像表示モジュール、立体虚像表示システム、および移動体 - Google Patents

立体虚像表示モジュール、立体虚像表示システム、および移動体 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020195975A1
WO2020195975A1 PCT/JP2020/011201 JP2020011201W WO2020195975A1 WO 2020195975 A1 WO2020195975 A1 WO 2020195975A1 JP 2020011201 W JP2020011201 W JP 2020011201W WO 2020195975 A1 WO2020195975 A1 WO 2020195975A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
virtual image
display module
optical device
image display
image
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2020/011201
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
薫 草深
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kyocera Corp
Original Assignee
Kyocera Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kyocera Corp filed Critical Kyocera Corp
Priority to CN202080023385.7A priority Critical patent/CN113614613B/zh
Priority to US17/442,052 priority patent/US20220187618A1/en
Priority to EP20779710.1A priority patent/EP3992691A4/en
Priority to JP2021509059A priority patent/JP7337147B2/ja
Publication of WO2020195975A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020195975A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a stereoscopic virtual image display module, a stereoscopic virtual image display system, and a moving body.
  • a display device including a liquid crystal panel, a parallax barrier arranged in front of or behind the liquid crystal panel, and an optical system for forming a magnified virtual image is known to magnify and display a three-dimensional image.
  • the parallax barrier separates the parallax image displayed on the liquid crystal panel into the left eye and the right eye so that the user can stereoscopically view the enlarged virtual image.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module includes a display panel, a first optical device set, and a second optical device.
  • the display panel has an active area.
  • the active area is configured to output image light.
  • the first optical device set is configured to reflect image light toward the user's first and second eyes.
  • the first optical device is configured to visualize the virtual image of the active area to the user by reflecting the image light.
  • the second optical device is configured to change or regulate the direction of light rays of image light from the first active area through the first set of optical devices to the user.
  • the second optical device is configured to allow the first image light to enter the first eye and the second image light to enter the second eye.
  • the first active area is included in the active area.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module is configured so that each of the first eye and the second eye can visualize the virtual image of the first active area with a first pixel density of 60 pixels or more per degree.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module includes a display panel, a first optical device set, and a second optical device.
  • the display panel has an active area.
  • the active area is configured to reflect image light in the first direction.
  • the first optical device set is configured to reflect image light in the first direction.
  • the second optical device is configured to change or regulate the direction of the image light from the first active area.
  • the second optical device is configured to put the first image light into the first space and the second image light into the second space.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module, together with the windshield, is configured to be controllable so that each eye of the user can visualize the virtual image of the first active area with a pixel density of 60 pixels or more per degree.
  • the windshield is configured to reflect image light toward the user.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module includes a display panel, a first optical device set, and a second optical device.
  • the display panel has an active area.
  • the active area is configured to output image light.
  • the first optical device set is configured to reflect image light toward the user's first and second eyes.
  • the first optical device is configured to visualize the virtual image of the active area to the user by reflecting the image light.
  • the second optical device is configured to attenuate or regulate image light from the first active area through the first optical device set to the user.
  • the second optical device is configured to be controllable so that the first image light is input to the first eye and the second image light is input to the second eye.
  • the first active area is included in the active area.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module is configured so that each of the first eye and the second eye can visualize the virtual image of the first active area with a first pixel density of 60 pixels or more per degree.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module includes a display panel, a first optical device set, and a second optical device.
  • the display panel has an active area.
  • the active area is configured to reflect image light in the first direction.
  • the first optical device set is configured to reflect image light in the first direction.
  • the second optical device is configured so that the direction of the image light from the first active area can be changed or regulated.
  • the second optical device is configured to be controllable so that the first image light enters the first space and the second image light enters the second space.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module, together with the windshield is configured to be controllable so that each eye of the user can visualize the virtual image of the first active area with a pixel density of 60 pixels or more per degree.
  • the windshield is configured to reflect image light toward the user.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display system includes one of the stereoscopic virtual image display modules and a windshield.
  • the moving body according to the embodiment of the present disclosure includes any three-dimensional virtual image display module and a windshield.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 includes a stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 and a detection device 12.
  • FIG. 1 shows a state in which the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 is viewed from above of a user who observes an image by the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10.
  • the detection device 12 can detect the positions of the user's left eye El and right eye Er.
  • the detection device 12 can output information on the positions of the user's left eye El and right eye Er to the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can display an image according to the information on the positions of the left eye El and the right eye Er of the user.
  • the configuration of each part of the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 will be described in more detail below.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 is configured so that the user can visualize the stereoscopic virtual image.
  • a three-dimensional virtual image is a virtual image that is perceived by the user as a three-dimensional image.
  • the user can perceive the virtual image as a three-dimensional image by visually recognizing a planar virtual image having different parallax by each eye.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 includes a display panel 14, at least a part of the first optical device set 19, and a second optical device 15.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 may include another part of the first optical device set 19 which is not included in the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 may include an irradiator 13, a controller 16, an input unit 17, and a display information acquisition unit 18.
  • a transmissive type or self-luminous type display panel can be adopted.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 may employ the irradiator 13.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 may omit the irradiator 13.
  • the transmissive display panel may include a liquid crystal panel.
  • the display panel 14 may have a known liquid crystal panel configuration.
  • various liquid crystal panels such as IPS (In-Plane Switching) method, FFS (Fringe Field Switching) method, VA (Vertical Alignment) method, and ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence) method can be adopted.
  • IPS In-Plane Switching
  • FFS Frringe Field Switching
  • VA Very Alignment
  • ECB Electrical Controlled Birefringence
  • the transmissive display panel includes a MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) shutter type display panel in addition to the liquid crystal panel.
  • the self-luminous display panel includes an organic EL (Electro-luminescence) and an inorganic EL display panel.
  • FIG. 2 shows the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15 in an enlarged manner.
  • the display panel 14 includes a liquid crystal layer 14a, two glass substrates 14b and 14c arranged so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer 14a, and a color filter 14d arranged between the liquid crystal layer 14a and one glass substrate 14c. Can be done.
  • the display panel 14 can further include a light distribution film, a transparent electrode, a polarizing plate, and the like.
  • the arrangement and configuration of the light distribution film, the transparent electrode, the polarizing plate, and the like are known in general liquid crystal panels, and thus description thereof will be omitted.
  • the display panel 14 does not have the color filter 14d, and the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 may be used as a monochrome display device.
  • the display panel 14 is configured to be able to display an image.
  • the display area for displaying an image can be regarded as being located near the interface between the liquid crystal layer 14a and the color filter 14d.
  • the display area for displaying an image may be referred to as an active area.
  • the display panel 14 has an active area. It may be called the active area of the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11.
  • the active area is an area where an image can be actually displayed on the display panel 14.
  • the active area is configured to output image light.
  • the irradiator 13, the display panel 14, the second optical device 15, and the first optical device set 19 are arranged along the optical path of the image light of the image output to the user.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can be arranged in the order of the irradiator 13, the display panel 14, the second optical device 15, and the first optical device set 19 from the side far from the user.
  • the display panel 14 can be arranged in the same order as the second optical device 15.
  • the irradiator 13 may include a light source, a light guide plate, a diffusion plate, a diffusion sheet, and the like.
  • the irradiator 13 is configured to surfacely irradiate the display panel 14 with irradiation light.
  • the irradiator 13 is configured to emit irradiation light from a light source.
  • the irradiator 13 may be configured to make the irradiation light uniform in the surface direction of the display panel 14 by a light guide plate, a diffusion plate, a diffusion sheet or the like.
  • the irradiator 13 may be configured to emit uniformed light towards the display panel 14.
  • the irradiation light transmitted through the transmission type display panel 14 becomes the image light corresponding to the image displayed by the display panel 14.
  • the transmissive display panel 14 is configured so that the irradiation light can be converted into image light.
  • the first optical device set 19 is configured to reflect image light toward the user's first eye and second eye.
  • the first optical device set 19 projects an image displayed in the active area of the display panel 14 onto the user's field of view.
  • the first optical device set 19 is configured so that the virtual image of the active area is visualized by the user by reflecting the image light toward the user.
  • the first optical device set 19 may include at least one or more of a catoptric element and a refracting optical element having a positive refractive power.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a part of the display panel 14 seen from the second optical device 15 side.
  • the display area of the display panel 14 includes a plurality of first subpixels 21.
  • the plurality of first subpixels 21 are arranged along a first direction and a second direction intersecting the first direction.
  • the second direction may be a direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction.
  • the first direction corresponds to the parallax direction that gives parallax to both eyes of the user.
  • the first direction can be the lateral direction or the horizontal direction in the virtual image visually recognized by the user.
  • the second direction can be the vertical direction or the vertical direction in the virtual image visually recognized by the user.
  • the first direction will be described as the x direction
  • the second direction will be described as the y direction.
  • the x direction is shown as a direction from right to left.
  • the y direction is shown as a direction from top to bottom.
  • the direction along the optical path that is orthogonal to the x-direction and the y-direction and faces the user's eye side is defined as the z-direction.
  • the plurality of first sub-pixels 21 can be arranged in a grid pattern in the x-direction and the y-direction. In one embodiment, the length of each first subpixel 21 in the y direction is longer than the length in the x direction.
  • Each first subpixel 21 may have any of the colors R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue), corresponding to the color arrangement of the color filter 14d.
  • the three first sub-pixels 21 of R, G, and B can form one pixel 22 as a set.
  • One of the pixels 22 is shown surrounded by a dashed line in FIG. 3 for illustration.
  • the length in the x direction and the length in the y direction of one pixel can be set to 1: 1, but the length is not limited to this.
  • the plurality of first sub-pixels 21 constituting one pixel 22 can be arranged in the x direction, for example.
  • First subpixels 21 of the same color can be arranged in the y direction, for example.
  • the plurality of first subpixels 21 may have the same color.
  • the plurality of first subpixels 21 do not have to have a color.
  • the irradiation light becomes image light by changing the balance of color components by the first subpixel 21.
  • the first subpixel 21 of R is configured so that light of another color is attenuated and red light is transmitted.
  • the display panel 14 is a self-luminous type, the image light is output from the first subpixel 21.
  • the second optical device 15 may be configured to change or regulate the light beam direction of the image light from the first active area to the user via the first optical device set 19.
  • the active area includes the first active area.
  • the second optical device 15 may be configured to attenuate or regulate image light from the first active area through the first optical device set 19 towards the user.
  • the second optical device 15 is configured to put the first image light into the first space and the second image light into the second space.
  • the first space is a space where the first eye is assumed to be present.
  • the second space is a space where the second eye is assumed to be present.
  • the second optical device 15 is configured to allow the first image light to enter the first eye and the second image light to enter the second eye.
  • the image light emitted from the first active area includes the first image light and the second image light.
  • the user visualizes the virtual image by injecting the first image light into the first eye.
  • the user visualizes the virtual image by injecting the first image light into the first eye.
  • the user perceives two virtual images as one stereoscopic image by visually recognizing the first image light and the second image light with different eyes.
  • the second optical device 15 can use a transmissive display panel.
  • the second optical device 15 is configured such that the output from the display panel 14 is incident on the second optical device 15.
  • a liquid crystal panel can be adopted as the second optical device 15.
  • the second optical device 15 using the liquid crystal panel is configured to be able to control the attenuation of the image light.
  • the second optical device 15 includes a liquid crystal layer 15a and two glass substrates 15b and 15c arranged so as to sandwich the liquid crystal layer 15a.
  • the second optical device 15 may omit the color filter. By omitting the color filter, the second optical device 15 can reduce the decrease in the brightness of the image light.
  • the display region of the second optical device 15 can be regarded as being located near the interface between the liquid crystal layer 15a and the glass substrate 15c.
  • the second optical device 15 includes a plurality of second subpixels 23 arranged in a grid pattern along the x direction and the y direction.
  • the plurality of second subpixels 23 may be arranged at the same pitch as the plurality of first subpixels 21.
  • the horizontal pitch Hp and vertical pitch Vp of the second subpixel 23 are equal to the horizontal pitch Hp and vertical pitch Vp of the first subpixel 21.
  • the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15 may face each other such that each of the plurality of first subpixels 21 overlaps with any of the second subpixels 23 when viewed in the normal direction of the display panel 14. ..
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 the first subpixel 21 of the display panel 14 and the second subpixel 23 of the second optical device 15 have a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can reduce the amount of calculation when displaying an image, and can be easily controlled by the controller 16.
  • the plurality of second subpixels 23 do not have to be at the same pitch as the plurality of first subpixels 21.
  • the second sub-pixel 23 may have a size different from that of the first sub-pixel 21 in consideration of the difference in image magnification between the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15 due to the first optical device set 19. it can.
  • the second optical device 15 is separated from the display panel 14 by a predetermined distance in the z direction.
  • the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15 may be integrally formed.
  • the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15 are fixed to each other using an optically transparent adhesive.
  • the optically transparent adhesive contains OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive).
  • the second optical device 15 is configured to be able to control the transmittance of image light for each of the second subpixels 23.
  • the second optical device 15 is configured to be able to control the attenuation rate of the image light for each of the second subpixels 23.
  • the second optical device 15 can transmit the image light passing through the specific region without significantly reducing the light intensity, and dimming the image light passing through the other specific region.
  • dimming also includes "shading” that hardly transmits light.
  • the second subpixel 23 in the light transmitting region may have the brightest gradation
  • the second subpixel 23 in the dimming region may have the darkest gradation.
  • the gradation of the second subpixel 23 corresponds to the light transmittance.
  • the brightest gradation means the gradation with the highest light transmittance.
  • the darkest gradation means the gradation with the lowest light transmittance.
  • the second optical device 15 can make the light transmittance in the visible light region 100 times or more, for example, 1000 times or more different between the light transmitting region that transmits light and the dimming region that dims light. ..
  • the second optical device 15 may employ a MEMS shutter panel.
  • the second optical device 15 that utilizes the MEMS shutter panel is configured to be able to regulate the image light.
  • a plurality of openings can be arranged in the first direction and the second direction. Multiple apertures can correspond to subpixels or pixels.
  • the second optical device 15 may include a color filter in each aperture.
  • the second optical device 15 may employ a parallax barrier.
  • the parallax barrier is configured to regulate the direction of the image light.
  • the parallax barrier includes a region configured to transmit image light and a region where transmission of image light is restricted.
  • the second optical device 15 may employ a parallax lens.
  • the parallax lens is configured to change the direction of the image light.
  • the controller 16 is connected to each component of the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 and is configured to be able to control each component.
  • the controller 16 is configured as, for example, a processor.
  • the controller 16 may include one or more processors.
  • the processor may include a general-purpose processor that loads a specific program and performs a specific function, and a dedicated processor specialized for a specific process.
  • the dedicated processor may include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
  • the processor may include a programmable logic device (PLD: Programmable Logic Device).
  • the PLD may include an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).
  • the controller 16 may be either a SoC (System-on-a-Chip) in which one or a plurality of processors cooperate, or a SiP (System In a Package).
  • the controller 16 includes a storage unit, and the storage unit may store various information, a program for operating each component of the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10, and the like.
  • the storage unit may be composed of, for example, a semiconductor memory or the like.
  • the storage unit may function as a work memory of the controller 16.
  • the controller 16 is configured to control the first subpixel 21 of the display panel 14 based on the image data.
  • the display panel 14 is configured so that the first subpixel 21 can be controlled by the control of the controller 16.
  • the controller 16 is configured to control the second subpixel 23 of the second optical device 15.
  • the second optical device 15 can be configured so that the second subpixel 23 can be controlled by the control of the controller 16.
  • the image data can be acquired from the display information acquisition unit 18 described later.
  • the image data may be generated in the controller 16 based on the information acquired from the display information acquisition unit 18.
  • the image data may include characters, symbols, and the like.
  • the image data includes two-dimensional image data and parallax image data for displaying a three-dimensional image.
  • the controller 16 can be switched between a first display mode for displaying a two-dimensional image on the display panel 14 and a plurality of display modes including a second display mode for displaying a parallax image.
  • the controller 16 sets the drive mode of the second optical device 15 into a plurality of drive modes including a first drive mode corresponding to the first display mode and a second drive mode corresponding to the second display mode. You can switch between. The switching of the display mode by the controller 16 will be described later.
  • the input unit 17 can receive information on the positions of the user's left eye El and right eye Er from the detection device 12.
  • the input unit 17 may include an electrical connector or an optical connector.
  • the input unit 17 may be configured to be able to receive an electrical or optical signal from the detection device 12.
  • the display information acquisition unit 18 acquires information to be displayed on the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 from another device.
  • the display information acquisition unit 18 may acquire information to be displayed from an image reproduction device that reproduces an image stored in advance.
  • the display information acquisition unit 18 may acquire information to be displayed through a wireless communication line from the outside.
  • the display information acquisition unit 18 may acquire information to be displayed from an electronic control unit (ECU: Electronic Control Unit) in the vehicle.
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • the controller 16 takes into account the magnification of the images of the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15 by the first optical device set 19 with respect to the positions of the user's left eye El and right eye Er, and the display panel 14 and the second. Controls the optical device 15.
  • the first optical device set 19 includes a first subpixel 21 and a second subpixel 23 located in opposition to the first subpixel 21 in the user's field of view when viewed from a suitable viewing distance by the user. Project the image light so that they have different pitches from each other.
  • the display panel 14 is located farther than the second optical device 15 from the user's point of view, the display area of the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15 in which the subpixels 21 and 23 are arranged with the same specifications. Occupies the same viewing area as the display area of.
  • the first optical device set 19 satisfying such a requirement can be designed based on geometrical optics.
  • the controller 16 can be configured more easily, and the processing load of the controller 16 can be reduced.
  • the detection device 12 is configured to be able to detect the position of the user's eyes.
  • the detection device 12 is configured to output to the input unit 17 of the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11.
  • the detection device 12 may include, for example, a camera.
  • the detection device 12 may be configured to capture the user's face with a camera.
  • the detection device 12 may be configured to detect at least one position of the left eye El and the right eye Er from the image captured by the camera.
  • the detection device 12 may be configured to detect at least one of the positions of the left eye El and the right eye Er as the coordinates in the three-dimensional space from the image captured by one camera.
  • the detection device 12 may be configured to detect at least one position of the left eye El and the right eye Er as coordinates in three-dimensional space from images captured by two or more cameras.
  • the detection device 12 is not provided with a camera and may be configured to be connected to a camera outside the device.
  • the detection device 12 may include an input terminal for inputting a signal from a camera outside the device.
  • the camera outside the device may be configured to be directly connected to the input terminal.
  • the camera outside the device may be configured to be indirectly connected to the input terminal via a shared network.
  • the detection device 12 without a camera may include an input terminal into which the camera inputs a video signal.
  • the detection device 12 without a camera may be configured to detect at least one position of the left eye El and the right eye Er from the video signal input to the input terminal.
  • the detection device 12 may include, for example, a sensor instead of the camera.
  • the sensor may be an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, or the like.
  • the detection device 12 may be configured to detect the position of the user's head by a sensor and estimate the position of at least one of the left eye El and the right eye Er based on the position of the head.
  • the detection device 12 may be configured to detect at least one position of the left eye El and the right eye Er as coordinates in three-dimensional space by one or more sensors.
  • the detection device 12 detects the position of only one of the left eye El and the right eye Er
  • the other eye is obtained from the user's inter-eye distance information or general inter-eye distance information stored in advance. It may be configured so that the position of can be estimated. The estimation of the position of the other eye may be performed by the controller 16 instead of the detection device 12.
  • the detection device 12 may not be provided. In that case, the input unit 17 is also unnecessary.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 displays a two-dimensional image on the first subpixel 21 of the display panel 14.
  • the two-dimensional image may include a monochrome image and a color image.
  • the second optical device 15 is driven by the controller 16 in the first drive mode.
  • the second optical device 15 can be controlled so that the dimming of the image light emitted from the display panel 14 is small or not shaded.
  • the user visually recognizes the virtual image of the first subpixel 21 with both eyes.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 of the present disclosure the user visualizes the virtual image of the first subpixel 21 with a pixel density of 160 pixels or more per degree.
  • the amount of pixels per degree is sometimes called PPD (Pixels Per Degree).
  • the amount of pixels per unit angle is called the pixel angle density.
  • the user visually recognizes a virtual image of 60 PPD with both eyes.
  • the pixel density of the virtual image that is visible to both eyes can be called the first pixel density. This pixel density is determined by the distance of the virtual image, the pixel linear density (PPI; Pixels Per Inch) of the display panel 14, the magnification of the first optical device set 19, and the like.
  • PPI Pixels Per Inch
  • the second optical device 15 sets, for example, all the second subpixels 23 to the brightest gradation or a gradation equivalent thereto.
  • the "brightest gradation" of the second subpixel 23 means the gradation having the highest transmittance of the image light from the display panel 14.
  • the "darkest gradation” of the second subpixel 23 means the gradation at which the transmittance of the image light from the display panel 14 is the lowest.
  • FIG. 4 displays a state in which all the second subpixels 23 are in the “brightest gradation” state. The second subpixel 23 transmits the image light of the image displayed on the display panel 14.
  • the driving method of the second subpixel 23 in the first display mode is not limited to the above.
  • the second subpixel 23 has the brightest gradation in the area corresponding to the area where the image of the display panel 14 is displayed, and the darkest gradation in the area corresponding to the area where the image of the display panel 14 is not displayed. Good.
  • the second display mode is a mode for displaying an image visually recognized as a three-dimensional image to the user.
  • the distance from the display panel 14 to the user's left eye El and right eye Er is set to, for example, an appropriate viewing distance.
  • the optimum viewing distance is the distance with the least crosstalk when observing the parallax image with the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11.
  • crosstalk means that the image displayed for the right eye Er is incident on the left eye El and / or the image displayed for the left eye El is incident on the right eye Er.
  • the second optical device 15 is driven by the controller 16 in the second drive mode.
  • the second optical device 15 functions as an optical element that dims the image light emitted from the first subpixel 21.
  • the second subpixel 23 included in the dimming region (first region) 31 of the second optical device 15 is divided into the translucent region (second region) 32 by the controller 16.
  • the gradation is controlled to be darker than the included second subpixel 23.
  • the second subpixel 23 included in the dimming region 31 of the second optical device 15 may be set to the darkest gradation. Further, the second subpixel 23 included in the translucent region 32 is set to a bright gradation by the controller 16.
  • the second subpixel 23 included in the translucent region 32 may be set to the brightest gradation.
  • the light transmittance of the second subpixel 23 included in the dimming region 31 may be 1/100 or less of the light transmittance of the second subpixel 23 included in the light transmissive region 32.
  • the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 are regions extending in one direction, respectively.
  • the plurality of dimming regions 31 and the plurality of translucent regions 32 can be arranged alternately.
  • the plurality of dimming regions 31 have substantially the same width as each other, and can be periodically arranged at predetermined intervals in the x direction.
  • the plurality of translucent regions 32 have substantially the same width as each other, and can be arranged periodically at predetermined intervals in the x direction.
  • the image light emitted from the first subpixel 21 of the display panel 14 is visible to each of the left eye El and the right eye Er by the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 of the second optical device 15.
  • the range is fixed.
  • the width of the dimming region 31 in the x direction can be the same as the width of the light transmitting region 32 in the x direction, or wider than the width of the light transmitting region 32 in the x direction.
  • the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 may extend continuously in one direction except the x direction.
  • the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 can function as a parallax barrier.
  • the direction in which the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 extend may be oblique to the x-direction and the y-direction.
  • the angle with respect to the y direction in which the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 extend can be called a barrier inclination angle.
  • the barrier tilt angle can be greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees. If the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 are arranged along the y direction, due to errors contained in the dimensions and / or arrangement of the first subpixel 21 and / or the second subpixel 23. Moire is easily recognized in the displayed image.
  • the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 have a barrier tilt angle other than 0 degrees, regardless of the error contained in the dimensions and / or arrangement of the first subpixel 21 and / or the second subpixel 23. , It becomes difficult to recognize moire in the displayed image.
  • the second optical device 15 dims at least a part of the image light emitted from the display panel 14 according to the position where the image light is incident on the second optical device 15.
  • the second optical device 15 transmits another part of the image light emitted from the display panel 14 according to the position of being incident on the second optical device 15.
  • the second optical device 15 defines the light ray direction of the image light emitted from the display panel 14.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 displays a parallax image on the first subpixel 21 of the display panel 14 in the second display mode for displaying the three-dimensional image.
  • the parallax image is an image including an image for the left eye El and an image for the right eye Er having parallax with each other.
  • the light ray direction of the first image light emitted from the third subpixel 33 included in the first subpixel 21 of the display panel 14 is defined by the second optical device 15 and is used by the user. Reach the left eye El. Therefore, in the state shown in FIG. 5, the image for the left eye El is displayed on the third subpixel 33.
  • the second image light emitted from the fourth subpixel 34 included in the first subpixel 21 of the display panel 14 reaches the user's right eye Er whose ray direction is defined by the second optical device 15. Therefore, the image for the right eye Er is displayed on the fourth subpixel 34.
  • the user inputs the first image light to the left eye and the second image light to the right eye.
  • the user can recognize the image as a three-dimensional image by inputting different images of the parallax images to both eyes.
  • FIG. 5 linearly depicts the image light passing through the first optical device set 19, the image light passing through the first optical device set 19 actually depends on the optical elements constituting the first optical device set 19. , Refraction and reflection, etc.
  • the user visually recognizes the virtual image of the third subpixel 33 with the left eye and the virtual image of the fourth subpixel 34 with the right eye.
  • the user visualizes the virtual image of the third subpixel 33 with a pixel density of 30 PPD and the virtual image of the fourth subpixel 34 with a pixel density of 30 PPD.
  • the pixel density of the virtual image visually recognized by each eye can be called the second pixel density.
  • the user visually recognizes a virtual image of 30 PPD with each eye.
  • the user visually recognizes the virtual image of 30PPD visually recognized by each eye as one stereoscopic virtual image.
  • This stereoscopic virtual image is recognized by the user as an image having a pixel density similar to that of a 60PPD virtual image visually recognized by both eyes.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can reduce a decrease in resolution when the virtual image is changed to a stereoscopic image.
  • the third subpixel 33 for displaying the image for the left eye El and the fourth subpixel 34 for displaying the image for the right eye are arranged as shown in FIG. Will be done.
  • the first subpixel 21 is numbered 1 to 6 for explanation.
  • the first subpixel 21 with the same number belongs to the same subpixel of either the third subpixel 33 or the fourth subpixel 34.
  • the first subpixel 21 can be switched between the third subpixel 33 and the fourth subpixel 34.
  • the first subpixel 21 with the same number is switched at the same timing.
  • the third subpixel 33 is the first subpixel 21 numbered 1 to 3.
  • the fourth subpixel 34 is the first subpixel 21 numbered 4 to 6.
  • the arrangement of the third subpixel 33 and the fourth subpixel 34 is an angle corresponding to the barrier inclination angle of the paralux barrier formed by the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 of the second optical device 15. It is tilted with respect to the direction.
  • the third subpixel 33 is at least partially in the left eye visible region 35 on the display panel 14 visible to the user's left eye El through the translucent region 32 of the second optical device 15. Located in.
  • the third subpixel 33 may be half or more included in the area on the display panel 14 that is visible to the user's left eye El.
  • the third subpixel 33 is dimmed by the dimming region 31 of the second optical device 15, and is located at least partially in the region on the display panel 14 where the user's right eye Er cannot be seen.
  • the fourth subpixel 34 is located at least partially in the right eye visible region 36 on the display panel 14 visible to the user's right eye Er through the translucent region 32 of the second optical device 15.
  • the fourth subpixel 34 may be half or more included in the area on the display panel 14 that is visible to the user's right eye Er. At this time, the fourth subpixel 34 is dimmed by the dimming region 31 of the second optical device 15 and is located at least partially in the region on the display panel 14 where the user's left eye El is invisible.
  • the left eye visible region 35 substantially coincides with the region invisible to the right eye Er. ..
  • the right eye visible region 36 substantially coincides with the region that cannot be seen from the left eye El.
  • the positions of the user's left eye El and right eye Er may move.
  • the positions of the area visible to the left eye El and the area visible to the right eye Er can change on the display panel 14.
  • the user's eye moves to the left (positive x direction) with respect to the display panel 14, the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 on the second optical device 15 as seen from the user's eye.
  • the position is apparently displaced to the right (negative x direction) with respect to the display panel 14.
  • the third subpixel 33 numbered 1 in FIG. 7 becomes invisible to the user's left eye El. At the same time, it is visually recognized by the user's right eye Er and causes cross talk. Similarly, the fourth subpixel 34 numbered 4 in FIG. 7 becomes invisible to the user's right eye Er and is visually recognized by the user's left eye El, causing crosstalk.
  • the controller 16 acquires the position of the user's eye detected by the detection device 12 via the input unit 17, and based on the position of the user's eye, the crosstalk is minimized.
  • the arrangement of the third subpixel 33 and the fourth subpixel 34 can be switched.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example in which a part of the first subpixel 21 is switched between the third subpixel 33 and the fourth subpixel 34 from the state of FIG. 7.
  • the controller 16 switches the third subpixel 33 of the number 1 to the fourth subpixel 34 and the fourth subpixel 34 of the number 4 to the third subpixel 33. That is, the controller 16 uses the first subpixel 21 of the numbers 2 to 4 as the third subpixel 33 for displaying the image for the left eye El.
  • the controller 16 uses the first subpixel 21 of the numbers 5, 6 and 1 as the fourth subpixel 34 for displaying the image for the right eye Er.
  • the left eye visible region 35 and the right eye visible region 36 move in the negative x direction as a whole. This allows the user to observe an appropriate parallax image on the display panel 14 even if the position of the eye with respect to the display panel 14 changes. That is, the user can continue to see the image visually recognized as the three-dimensional image.
  • the controller 16 displays the dimming on the second optical device 15 in order to respond to the change in the positions of the user's left eye El and right eye Er.
  • the positions of the region 31 and the translucent region 32 may be changed. For example, when the user's left eye El and right eye Er move to the left (positive x direction) with respect to the display panel 14, as shown in FIG. 9, the dimming region 31 and the dimming region 31 and the state of FIG. The translucent region 32 may be moved to the left.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 and the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 of the present disclosure have a first display mode for displaying a two-dimensional image on the display panel 14 and a second display mode for displaying a parallax image.
  • the controller 16 drives the second optical device 15 in the first display mode in the first drive mode in which the image light is transmitted.
  • the controller 16 drives the second optical device 15 in the second display mode in the second drive mode that defines the direction in which the image light of the parallax image travels.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 and the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can switch between the two-dimensional image and the three-dimensional image and display them using the same device.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display system 10 and the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can display a mixture of a two-dimensional image and a three-dimensional image.
  • the two-dimensional image and the three-dimensional image are each displayed in a part of the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of display contents of the display panel 14 and the second optical device 15.
  • the display panel 14 includes a third area 41 for displaying a two-dimensional image and a fourth area 42 for displaying a parallax image.
  • the fourth area 42 corresponds to the first active area.
  • the third area 41 corresponds to the second active area.
  • the second optical device 15 is configured to input the image light from the second active area into the third space.
  • the third space is a space where it is assumed that the user has both eyes.
  • the second optical device 15 corresponds to the third region 41, and the fifth region 43 including a part of the second subpixel 23 is controlled in the first drive mode.
  • the sixth region 44 which corresponds to the fourth region 42 and is a part of the second subpixel 23, is controlled in the second drive mode.
  • the fifth region 43 may be a region facing the third region 41 of the display panel 14 on the second optical device 15.
  • the sixth region 44 may be a region facing the fourth region 42 of the display panel 14 on the second optical device 15.
  • the sixth region 44 is a dimming region 31 having a relatively dark gradation extending in a predetermined direction and a translucent light having a relatively bright gradation as described with reference to FIG. Includes region 32.
  • the sixth region 44 causes the image by the third subpixel 33 in the parallax image displayed in the fourth region 42 to reach the user's left eye El.
  • the sixth region 44 causes the image by the fourth subpixel 34 in the parallax image displayed in the fourth region 42 to reach the user's right eye Er.
  • the image light corresponding to the image by the third subpixel 33 corresponds to the first image light.
  • the image light corresponding to the image by the fourth subpixel 34 corresponds to the second image light.
  • the controller 16 controls the display of the two-dimensional image by the first display mode in the third area 41 of the display panel 14 and the display of the parallax image by the second display mode in the fourth area 42.
  • the controller 16 controls the drive of the second optical device 15 in the fifth region 43 by the first drive mode and the drive of the sixth region 44 by the second drive mode.
  • the speed of the vehicle is displayed as a two-dimensional image in the third region 41, and an arrow indicating the turning direction in front of the traveling direction is displayed in the fourth region 42. It is displayed by a parallax image recognized as a dimensional image. The user can perceive from the three-dimensional image how far ahead he / she turns to the right.
  • the user visually recognizes the virtual image of the third subpixel 33 with the left eye and the virtual image of the fourth subpixel 34 with the right eye.
  • the user visualizes the virtual image of the third subpixel 33 with a pixel density of 30 PPD and the virtual image of the fourth subpixel 34 with a pixel density of 30 PPD.
  • the user visually recognizes a virtual image of 30 PPD with each eye.
  • the user visually recognizes the virtual image of 30PPD visually recognized by each eye as one stereoscopic virtual image. This stereoscopic virtual image is recognized by the user as an image having a pixel density similar to that of a 60PPD virtual image visually recognized by both eyes.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can reduce a decrease in resolution when the stereoscopic virtual image is formed. By displaying the virtual image with 30PPD for each eye, the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can display an image with less discomfort due to the difference in resolution from the planar virtual image of 60PPD.
  • the controller 16 analyzes the image data acquired from the display information acquisition unit 18 in the first display mode, and displays the image display area 45 and the image in which the image in the third area 41 is displayed.
  • the image non-display area 46 that has not been displayed can be detected.
  • FIG. 11 shows an example including the image display area 45 and the image non-display area 46.
  • the speed information “50 km / h” is displayed in the image display area 45.
  • the image non-display area 46 does not include information to be displayed.
  • the image display area 45 and the image non-display area 46 can be determined by various methods.
  • the controller 16 may determine the display / non-display of the image in units of the first sub-pixel 21, and determine the image display area 45 and the image non-display area 46.
  • the area corresponding to the image display area 45 in the fifth area 43 of the second optical device 15 is defined as the seventh area 47.
  • the area corresponding to the image non-display area 46 is referred to as the eighth area 48.
  • the controller 16 may set the second subpixel 23 included in the eighth region 48 as a dark gradation, for example, the darkest gradation.
  • the controller 16 may set the second subpixel 23 included in the seventh region 47 as a bright gradation, for example, the brightest gradation.
  • the third region 41 and the fourth region 42 are arranged vertically on the display panel 14.
  • the shapes and arrangement directions of the third region 41 and the fourth region 42 are not limited to those of FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • a third area 41 for displaying a two-dimensional image and a fourth area 42 for displaying a parallax image can be arranged at arbitrary positions on the display panel 14.
  • the shapes and arrangements of the third region 41 and the fourth region 42 may be dynamically changed on the display panel 14.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of the arrangement of the third region 41 and the fourth region 42, which are different from those in FIGS. 10 and 11.
  • the controller 16 switches between the third area 41 for displaying the two-dimensional image in the first display mode on the display panel 14 and the fourth area 42 for displaying the three-dimensional image in the second display mode. To control.
  • the controller 16 sets the second optical device in the fifth region 43 driven in the first drive mode and the sixth region 44 driven in the second drive mode as the third region 41 and the fourth region 42 are switched. Switch on 15.
  • the controller 16 can partially switch between the first display mode and the second display mode on the display panel 14.
  • the controller 16 can partially switch between the first drive mode and the second drive mode on the second optical device 15 in response to switching between the first display mode and the second display mode.
  • the controller 16 displays two-dimensional character information and the like in the image display area 45 of the third area 41 of the display panel 14, and displays the parallax image in the fourth area 42.
  • the controller 16 sets the gradation of the seventh region 47 in the fifth region 43 of the second optical device 15 to be bright, and sets the gradation of the eighth region 48 to be dark.
  • the controller 16 displays a parallax barrier in which the dimming region 31 and the translucent region 32 extend in a predetermined direction in the sixth region 44 of the second optical device 15, and uses the parallax image displayed in the fourth region 42. It can be visually recognized as a three-dimensional image by a person.
  • the image display area 45 is shown as a rectangular area including an image such as a set of characters.
  • the image display area 45 can be a region of the first sub-pixel 21 having a gradation of a predetermined value or more in units of sub-pixels.
  • FIG. 13 when the character "o" is present on the display panel 14, an image occupies an area occupied by a first subpixel 21 having a gradation other than the darkest gradation or a gradation equivalent thereto.
  • the display area 45 may be used, and the other area may be the image non-display area 46. In this case, the controller 16 recognizes the image display area 45 from the image data.
  • the controller 16 searches the line buffer for displaying an image on the display panel 14 to search for the first subpixel 21 having the darkest gradation or a gradation equivalent thereto, and determines the image non-display area 46.
  • the other areas may be the image display area 45.
  • the controller 16 determines the seventh region 47 corresponding to the image display region 45 and the eighth region 48 corresponding to the image non-display region 46 on the second optical device 15 in consideration of the positions of the left eye El and the right eye Er. To do.
  • the controller 16 is the second sub. Pixel 23 may be determined to belong to the eighth region 48.
  • the controller 16 determines that the second subpixel 23 belongs to the seventh area 47. You can do it.
  • the seventh region 47 has a width wider in the x direction than the image display region 45 so that the image display region 45 can be visually recognized from both the left eye El and the right eye Er. ing.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 can display the region where the two-dimensional image is not displayed darker.
  • the contrast of the dimensional image is improved.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a head-up display 51, which is a form of a display device of the present disclosure mounted on a moving body 50 such as a vehicle.
  • the head-up display 51 is also referred to as a HUD (Head Up Display).
  • the head-up display 51 includes a display device 52 and a detection device 53.
  • the head-up display 51 can function as a stereoscopic virtual image display system.
  • the detection device 53 detects the positions of the left eye El and the right eye Er of the user who is the driver of the moving body 50 and transmits the positions to the display device 52.
  • the display device 52 includes an irradiator 54, a display panel 55, a second optical device 56, and a controller that controls these components.
  • the irradiator 54, the display panel 55, the second optical device 56, and the controller are configured to be similar to the irradiator 13, the display panel 14, the second optical device 15, and the controller 16 of the stereoscopic virtual image display module 11 of FIG. The explanation is omitted.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module may include a display device 52 and a first optical device set.
  • the first optical device set is configured to project an image displayed on the display panel 55 as a virtual image within the user's field of view.
  • the first optical device set includes a first optical member 57 and a second optical member 58.
  • the pixel density changes depending on the optical characteristics of the first optical member 57 and the second optical member 58. This optical characteristic can be called a magnification factor or the like.
  • the first optical device set may include a projected member 59. In the first optical device set, the pixel density may change depending on the optical characteristics of the first optical member 57, the second optical member 58, and the projected member 59.
  • the pixel density can be changed mainly by the optical characteristics of the first optical member 57 and the second optical member 58.
  • the stereoscopic virtual image display module may be configured to be controllable so that each eye of the user can visualize the virtual image of the active area together with the projected member 59 that reflects the image light toward the user.
  • the first optical member 57 is a mirror that reflects the image light emitted from the display panel 55 and transmitted through the second optical device 56.
  • the second optical member 58 is a mirror that reflects the image light reflected by the first optical member 57 toward the projected member 59.
  • Both or one of the first optical member 57 and the second optical member 58 can be a concave mirror having a positive refractive power.
  • the projected member 59 is a translucent member that reflects the incident image light toward the user's left eye El and right eye Er and transmits the incident light from the front of the user.
  • a part of the front windshield may be used as the projected member 59.
  • the projected member 59 may be called a windshield.
  • the projected member 59 is configured to reflect the image light toward the user.
  • a dedicated combiner may be used as the projected member 59.
  • the first optical member 57, the second optical member 58, and the projected member 59 form a virtual image 60 in the user's field of view of the image displayed in the display area (active area) of the display panel 55. Project.
  • the surface on which the virtual image 60 is displayed can be referred to as an apparent display surface as seen by the user.
  • the configuration of the first optical device set is not limited to the combination of mirrors.
  • the first optical device set can have various configurations such as a combination of a mirror and a lens.
  • the head-up display 51 can project a two-dimensional image and a three-dimensional image as a virtual image 60 in the user's field of view according to the positions of the user's left eye El and right eye Er. it can.
  • the two-dimensional image is perceived by the user as being displayed at the display position of the virtual image 60.
  • the three-dimensional image is perceived as having an additional depth from the display position of the virtual image 60 due to the parallax that the parallax image gives to the left eye El and the right eye Er.
  • each component, each step, etc. can be rearranged so as not to be logically inconsistent, and a plurality of components, etc. can be combined or divided into one. ..
  • the display panel 14 is arranged between the irradiator 13 and the second optical device 15.
  • the display panel 14 may be arranged so as to sandwich the second optical device 15 with the irradiator 13.
  • the second optical device 15 is irradiated by the irradiator 13, and the output of the second optical device 15 emitted from the second optical device 15 is incident on the display panel 14.
  • the second optical device 56 can be arranged between the irradiator 54 and the display panel 55.
  • the "moving body” in the present disclosure includes vehicles, ships, and aircraft.
  • Vehicles in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, automobiles and industrial vehicles, and may include railway vehicles, living vehicles, and fixed-wing aircraft traveling on runways.
  • Automobiles include, but are not limited to, passenger cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, trolleybuses and the like, and may include other vehicles traveling on the road.
  • Industrial vehicles include industrial vehicles for agriculture and construction.
  • Industrial vehicles include, but are not limited to, forklifts and golf carts.
  • Industrial vehicles for agriculture include, but are not limited to, tractors, cultivators, transplanters, binders, combines, and lawnmowers.
  • Industrial vehicles for construction include, but are not limited to, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, cranes, dump trucks, and road rollers. Vehicles include those that run manually. The classification of vehicles is not limited to the above. For example, an automobile may include an industrial vehicle that can travel on the road and may include the same vehicle in multiple categories. Ships in the present disclosure include marine jets, boats and tankers. Aircraft in the present disclosure include fixed-wing aircraft and rotary-wing aircraft.
  • the descriptions such as “first” and “second” are identifiers for distinguishing the configuration.
  • the configurations distinguished by the descriptions such as “first” and “second” in the present disclosure can exchange numbers in the configurations.
  • the identifiers “first” and “second” can be exchanged with the second direction.
  • the exchange of identifiers takes place at the same time.
  • the configuration is distinguished.
  • the identifier may be deleted.
  • the configuration with the identifier removed is distinguished by a code.
  • a stereoscopic virtual image display module capable of displaying a stereoscopic image having a sense of resolution, a stereoscopic virtual image display system, and a moving body including the stereoscopic virtual image display module.
  • Three-dimensional virtual image display system 11 Three-dimensional virtual image display module 12 Detection device 14 Display panel 19 First optical device set 15 Second optical device 13 Irradiator 14a Liquid crystal layer 14b, 14c Glass substrate 14d Color filter 15a Liquid crystal layer 15b, 15c Glass substrate 16 Controller 17 Input unit 18 Display information acquisition unit 21 First subpixel 22 Pixel 23 Second subpixel 31 Dimmed area (first area) 32 Translucent region (second region) 33 Third subpixel 34 Fourth subpixel 35 Left eye visible area 36 Right eye visible area 41 Third area 42 Fourth area 43 Fifth area 44 Sixth area 45 Image display area 46 Image non-display area 47 Seventh Area 48 8th area 50 Moving body 51 Head-up display 52 Display device 53 Detection device 54 Irradiator 55 Display panel 56 Second optical device 57 First optical member 58 Second optical member 59 Projected member 60 Virtual image El Left eye Er right eye

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PCT/JP2020/011201 2019-03-26 2020-03-13 立体虚像表示モジュール、立体虚像表示システム、および移動体 Ceased WO2020195975A1 (ja)

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CN202080023385.7A CN113614613B (zh) 2019-03-26 2020-03-13 立体虚像显示模块、立体虚像显示系统以及移动体
US17/442,052 US20220187618A1 (en) 2019-03-26 2020-03-13 Stereoscopic virtual image display module, stereoscopic virtual image display system, and movable object
EP20779710.1A EP3992691A4 (en) 2019-03-26 2020-03-13 STEREOSCOPIC VIRTUAL IMAGE DISPLAY MODULE, STEREOSCOPIC VIRTUAL IMAGE DISPLAY SYSTEM AND MOBILE OBJECT
JP2021509059A JP7337147B2 (ja) 2019-03-26 2020-03-13 立体虚像表示モジュール、立体虚像表示システム、および移動体

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CN118192078A (zh) * 2022-12-12 2024-06-14 华为技术有限公司 显示装置和交通工具
KR20240098287A (ko) * 2022-12-20 2024-06-28 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 크로스토크 평가 방법 및 이를 수행하는 크로스토크 평가 장치
TWI866367B (zh) * 2023-08-02 2024-12-11 友達光電股份有限公司 立體顯示裝置及立體顯示方法

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CN113614613B (zh) 2023-10-24
EP3992691A4 (en) 2024-01-31
JP7337147B2 (ja) 2023-09-01

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