WO2020192160A1 - 一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块及选择方法 - Google Patents

一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块及选择方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020192160A1
WO2020192160A1 PCT/CN2019/120835 CN2019120835W WO2020192160A1 WO 2020192160 A1 WO2020192160 A1 WO 2020192160A1 CN 2019120835 W CN2019120835 W CN 2019120835W WO 2020192160 A1 WO2020192160 A1 WO 2020192160A1
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Prior art keywords
sound insulation
sound
box
box body
communication hole
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PCT/CN2019/120835
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周良宏
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苏州拓朴声学科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020192160A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020192160A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/162—Selection of materials
    • G10K11/168—Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of sound insulation and noise reduction, in particular to a standardized sound insulation and sound absorption integrated module and a selection method.
  • sound insulation materials and sound absorption materials are two different materials, and their functions are different. Sound insulation materials mainly suppress the problem of sound wave transmission, and sound absorption materials mainly suppress the problem of sound wave reflection. The two are also very different in form. Most of the sound insulation materials are composed of dense non-porous materials; while most of the sound absorption materials are porous and less dense materials, such as centrifugal glass wool boards, perforated wood boards, etc.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a standardized sound insulation and sound absorption integrated module and selection method, which has high sound insulation effect, convenient preparation and processing, and avoids sound insulation and sound absorption effects in certain specific frequency bands. Performance is degraded and there is no silent bridge defect.
  • the present invention provides a standardized sound insulation and sound absorption integrated module, which includes a support frame.
  • the front and back of the support frame are provided with thin metal plates, and at least one is provided between the two thin metal plates.
  • Sound insulation unit and one sound absorption unit When there are multiple sound insulation units, two adjacent sound insulation units are connected by bonding.
  • the sound insulation unit is composed of waterproof and fireproof high-density boards and sound absorption units bonded together.
  • the sound-absorbing unit is composed of a waterproof and fireproof high-density board, a sound-absorbing cotton layer, and an isolation layer that are bonded in sequence.
  • the isolation layer is a non-woven fabric or a hydrophobic fabric. Holes and form a perforated plate, and the sound absorption unit is adhesively connected with the perforated metal plate.
  • a reinforcing groove is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the supporting frame.
  • the supporting frame includes an upper casing and a lower casing
  • the upper casing can be set on the lower casing
  • an inner ring wall of the upper casing and an outer ring wall of the lower casing are provided between
  • the rubber partition is fixedly arranged on the outer ring wall of the lower casing.
  • the rubber partition is provided with a guide slope on one side of the upper casing in the installation direction, and the rubber partition surface is provided with convex patterns.
  • a selection method comprising the integrated module according to any one of claims 1-4, selecting the number of sound insulation units of the integrated module according to the design requirements of the sound insulation capacity;
  • R 13lg(m 1 +m 2 )+11.5+ ⁇ R(m 1 +m 2 ⁇ 200kg/m 2 ).
  • the device also includes a detection device for detecting the actual sound insulation of the integrated module, comparing the actual sound insulation with the theoretical sound insulation obtained by the sound insulation calculation formula, and determining the final number of sound insulation units; the detection
  • the device includes a first box body, a second box body, and a third box body arranged in sequence. The first box body and the third box body are located on opposite sides of the second box body, and both pass through a connecting assembly.
  • the first box body is provided with a first communicating hole
  • the third box body is provided with a third communicating hole, the first communicating hole and the third
  • the communication holes all face the second box body
  • the second box body is penetrated with a second communication hole, the center line of the first communication hole, the center line of the second communication hole and the third communication hole
  • the center lines of the holes are all arranged collinearly; a noise source is placed in the first box, a monitor is placed in the third box, and the second box is detachably connected to the sound insulation module through a locking assembly ;
  • the locking assembly includes a linkage rod, a bottom plate, a handle, and a locking rod.
  • the bottom plate is attached to the inner wall of the second box body, and the handle is hinged with the bottom plate; the handle is connected to the lock through a connecting bar.
  • the rod is rotationally connected to drive the locking rod to contact or disengage from the sound insulation module; one end of the linkage rod is hinged with the second box body, and the other end is fixedly connected with the bottom plate.
  • a telescopic rod is threadedly connected to the free end of the locking rod, and the telescopic rod can be extended or inserted from the locking rod to adjust the distance between the telescopic rod and the locking rod.
  • the free end of the rod is provided with an abutting block.
  • the bottom plate is connected to the second box body through a limit component, and the limit component includes a limit block and a limit slot matched with the limit block; the limit block and the bottom plate Fixed, the inner wall of the second box body is recessed to form the limiting groove.
  • first box body and the third box body both include an outer frame and an inner frame, the inner frame is embedded inside the outer frame, and the corners of the inner frame and the corresponding positions Damping blocks are arranged between the corners of the outer frame.
  • the connecting assembly includes a fixing seat, a handle, a lock catch, and a block that cooperates with the lock catch;
  • the fixing seat is arranged on the side of the first box body or the third box body, so The end of the handle is rotatably connected with the fixing base through a first rotating pin, and the lock catch is rotatably connected with the middle of the handle through a second rotating pin;
  • the clamping block is fixed on the second box body , And the locking block is recessed with the locking slot for embedding the lock catch.
  • the module of the present invention has both sound insulation and sound absorption functions.
  • the sound insulation performance can be realized by adjusting and installing the sound insulation combination unit.
  • the average sound insulation amount can reach more than 100dB.
  • the sound absorption performance can be adjusted by adjusting the cavity thickness of the sound absorption unit. , The thickness and density of the filling material are realized, and the average sound absorption coefficient can be adjusted between 0.5 and 0.999;
  • the sound insulation combination unit and the sound absorption combination unit are fixed as a whole by a combined sheet metal part with sealing function, and the sound insulation and sound absorption layer structure in the middle is bonded by an environmentally friendly high-strength adhesive; the sound insulation combination unit adopts a unique Method to avoid the decrease of sound insulation performance in certain specific frequency bands, that is, the decrease of sound insulation performance in the stiffness control area, damping control area and the coincidence control area in the spectrum distribution; there is no sound bridge defect, so as to maximize Improved sound insulation performance; third, the sound insulation module has high processing accuracy, convenient and fast construction and installation, no additional cavity keel brackets, and sound bridge defects; the cost performance is very high, and under the same sound insulation capacity, it can Compared with conventional sheet metal sound insulation modules, the cost is reduced by more than 50%.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the sound insulation module structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the sound insulation module of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an overall schematic diagram of the detection device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of part A of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is an exploded view of the detection device
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of part B in Fig. 5.
  • an embodiment of the standardized sound insulation and sound absorption integrated module of the present invention includes a supporting frame 111.
  • the front and back of the supporting frame are provided with thin metal plates 112, and the two thin metal plates are arranged between There is at least one sound insulation unit 113 and one sound absorption unit 114.
  • the sound insulation units are glued together with high density, waterproof and fireproof
  • the board 115 and the sound-absorbing cotton layer 116 are composed.
  • the sound-absorbing unit is composed of a waterproof and fireproof high-density board, a sound-absorbing cotton layer and an isolation layer 117 which are bonded in sequence.
  • the isolation layer is non-woven or water-repellent cloth to avoid sound-absorbing fillers.
  • the fine fiber particles dissipate into the air, one of the thin metal plates is provided with a through hole on the surface to form a perforated plate, and the sound absorption unit is bonded to the perforated metal plate.
  • the structure not only meets the requirements of sound insulation, but also meets the requirements of sound absorption; materials with different mass densities and different acoustic impedances are combined in a unit type and fixed by metal frame brackets to achieve different sound insulation requirements; because of the different density and thickness
  • the materials are bonded together with environmentally friendly adhesives, which effectively suppresses the deformation of the thin plate, thereby avoiding the defect of reduced sound insulation within the hearing threshold of the human ear; rapid processing and production, high precision, high economic efficiency, beautiful appearance, and Fire-proof and moisture-proof function; can meet different application sound insulation and noise reduction scenarios.
  • step 3 Place the sprayed metal sheet processed in step 2 under the support frame of step 1;
  • step 3 apply high-strength environmentally friendly adhesive on the inner wall of the metal sheet; then place a layer of high-density moisture-proof and fire-proof board (the thickness ranges from 6MM to 12MM, and the materials include but are not limited to calcium silicate board and magnesium diamond board , Expanded perlite board, etc.);
  • step 4 apply high-strength environmentally friendly adhesive on the high-density board; then place a layer of sound-absorbing cotton (the bulk density of sound-absorbing cotton ranges from 80K to 120K; materials include but are not limited to rock wool, centrifugal glass wool, Polyester fiber cotton and other porous materials with sound absorption function);
  • step 5 place a layer of high-density moisture-proof fireproof board on the sound-absorbing cotton (thickness ranges from 6mm to 12mm, materials include but not limited to calcium silicate board, magnesia board, expanded perlite board, etc.);
  • Steps 4 and 6 above are a sound insulation unit
  • the above sound insulation units can be set repeatedly; until the set sound insulation is reached;
  • step 8 place another layer of sound-absorbing filler with a density of 32K ⁇ 48K.
  • the material can be centrifugal glass wool or polyester fiber cotton;
  • step 9 non-woven or water-repellent cloth on the sound-absorbing filler
  • step 10 install a layer of extruded and perforated sprayed metal sheet on the non-woven fabric or the hydrophobic fabric.
  • Steps 9-11 are a sound-absorbing combination unit.
  • the technology is summarized as: several sound insulation combination units plus one sound absorption combination unit.
  • the technology is a combined structure of multiple layers of sound insulation and sound absorption materials with different mass densities and different acoustic impedances;
  • the technology is a structure that integrates the sound insulation combination unit and the sound absorption combination unit; the surface layer of the sound insulation combination unit is non-porous thin plate sprayed metal, and the surface layer of the sound absorption combination unit is perforated thin plate sprayed metal.
  • the material of the surface layer metal sheet includes but is not limited to steel or aluminum, with thicknesses ranging from 0.4MM, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2MM; the color of the spray can be freely selected to meet the appearance requirements; the sound insulation combination can be set to several Sound insulation combination unit; sound absorption combination has only one unit;
  • the sound insulation combined unit of this technology is: a cavity sound insulation structure, specifically a waterproof and fireproof high-density board (G) + sound-absorbing cotton layer (Y) as a combined unit; G+Y+G+Y+ ⁇ ⁇ Consists of several combination units, different number of combination units achieves different sound insulation; among them, high-density board materials include but not limited to calcium silicate board, fireproof board, etc.; sound-absorbing cotton layer materials include limited to rock wool, centrifugal glass wool, When the sound wave of polyester fiber enters the low-density sound-absorbing cotton layer from the high-density sound insulation board, and passes through two different density media, according to the principle of air sound transmission and sound insulation, the sound energy will be converted into heat energy and consumed, thereby achieving sound insulation the goal of.
  • G waterproof and fireproof high-density board
  • Y sound-absorbing cotton layer
  • a reinforcing groove 121 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the supporting frame.
  • the supporting structure is: a concave keel, or a V-shaped keel as the frame as the supporting structure. This keel is fixed by elastic connectors with good damping performance.
  • the surface metal sheet and the middle sound insulation combined unit are environmentally friendly. Type high-strength adhesives are bonded together to avoid acoustic bridge defects.
  • the above-mentioned supporting frame may also include an upper casing 118 and a lower casing 119, the upper casing can be set on the lower casing, the inner ring wall of the upper casing and the outer ring wall of the lower casing A rubber partition 120 is arranged in the middle, and the rubber partition is fixedly arranged on the outer ring wall of the lower casing;
  • the supporting frame structure of this technology is: the upper and lower embedded structure, and the rubber partition is used to connect the middle, which is equivalent to the broken bridge aluminum structure, so that the supporting frame structure has the effect of breaking the bridge and achieving the effect of sound insulation and heat insulation;
  • the product shape and thickness dimensions presented by this technology include but are not limited to 5CM thickness, 7.5CM thickness, 10CM thickness, 12.5CM thickness, 15CM thickness, etc. When different sound insulation levels are required, different sound insulation combination units will be selected;
  • the sound insulation module is mainly used in the environment where the sound insulation needs are uncertain. Therefore, it is not all assembled after separate production.
  • the rubber partition is installed on the surface of the lower cover, two thin metal plates are fixedly connected to the upper cover and the lower cover, and one of the sound insulation units is glued in the lower cover, and the waterproof and fireproof high-density board is glued Closed in the upper cover; making the basically unchanged combination relationship to be combined and connected;
  • the sound insulation of the combined unit is smaller than the sound insulation capacity of the combination unit.
  • the appropriate number combination is selected and pasted.
  • the upper cover is set on the lower cover, and the inner wall of the upper cover is hit with the rubber Cut off the interference fit until the waterproof and fireproof high-density board in the upper shell abuts against the sound insulation unit.
  • the rubber partition is provided with a guiding inclined surface 118 on the side of the installation direction of the upper casing, and the rubber partition surface is provided with convex patterns, so that the upper casing is installed stably without jamming, and after installation, the stability effect is good;
  • the number of combined units is small, the striking distance is large, and the upper cover and the lower cover overlap more; when the number of combined units is large, the striking distance is small, and the upper cover and the lower cover overlap less.
  • the size of the upper casing and the lower casing is limited, and a set of upper casing and lower casing can be matched with a combination of up to 2-3 units to better improve applicability.
  • the resonance frequency and critical frequency of the thin metal plate are both within the hearing threshold of the human ear, so designers usually take many careful measures to avoid the above stiffness control area and anastomosis control area. This is a common problem with a single homogeneous material.
  • This technical solution shifts the resonance frequency of the sound insulation combination module toward the low frequency, and shifts the critical frequency toward the high frequency, far away from the hearing threshold range of the human ear, and greatly improves the sound insulation performance of the product.
  • the core principle is that the combined structure combines materials with different acoustic impedances and different mass densities to cause multiple reflections of sound waves on the interface of each layer. Because the material impedance of each sound insulation unit is quite different (steel plate and sound-absorbing Cotton), the greater the reflected sound energy, the smaller the transmitted sound energy, which makes the sound insulation greater; in addition, the high-density board is attached to the thin steel plate, which will greatly suppress the deformation of the steel plate and avoid the thin steel plate from appearing at the resonance frequency. The sound insulation of the zone and the coincident frequency zone has dropped significantly.
  • a selection method is also provided, which includes the above-mentioned integrated module, and selects the number of sound insulation units of the integrated module according to the design requirements of the sound insulation capacity; in order to be able to quickly determine the actual use demand quantity, avoid the problem of unqualified or excessive increase in quantity, Guarantee quality and guarantee cost.
  • the sound insulation calculation formula is:
  • the combined structure will avoid the phenomenon that the sound insulation of the conventional single homogeneous sound insulation material in the low-frequency resonance region and the critical frequency region is greatly reduced, and the overall sound insulation performance will be improved.
  • It also includes a detection device, which is used to detect the actual sound insulation of the integrated module. By comparing the actual sound insulation with the theoretical sound insulation obtained by the sound insulation calculation formula, the final number of sound insulation units is determined. This method can correct the formula Or let the production personnel or assembly personnel know the gap between the actual product and the theoretical calculation, and the pass rate of the product in actual use can be guaranteed according to the gap;
  • the soundproof test box includes a first box body 1, a second box body 2 and a third box body 3.
  • the first box body 1, the second box body 2 and the third box body 3 are arranged in sequence, and the first box body 1 and the third box body 3 are both arranged on opposite sides of the second box body 2.
  • the first box body 1 and the third box body 3 are both hollow.
  • the end surface of the first box body 1 close to the second box body 2 is provided with a first communication hole 11, and the third box body 3 is close to the end surface of the second box body 2.
  • a third communication hole 31 is opened, and the second box body 2 is penetrated with a second communication hole 21.
  • the first communication hole 11, the second communication hole 21 and the third communication hole 31 are connected in sequence, and the center of the first communication hole 11
  • the line, the center line of the second communication hole 21 and the center line of the third communication hole 31 are all arranged collinearly.
  • a noise source is placed in the first box 1
  • a monitor is placed in the third box 3
  • a sound insulation module is detachably fixed in the second box 2, so the test material can be detected by the noise source and the monitor The sound insulation performance.
  • the opening of the second communication hole 21 near the end of the first box 1 is larger than the sound insulation module, so that the sound insulation module can be placed inside the second box 2; and the second communication hole 21 is close to
  • the opening at one end of the third box 3 is smaller than the sound insulation module, so that the sound insulation module cannot be separated from its end; in this embodiment, the end face of the sound insulation module is connected to the second box 2 during the test of the sound insulation module.
  • the inner wall abuts, and the abutment position is located at the end of the second communication hole 21 close to the third box 3.
  • the second box body 2 applies a thrust to the sound insulation module through the locking assembly to fix the sound insulation module inside the second box body 2.
  • the locking assembly includes a bottom plate 71, a handle 73 and a locking rod 74.
  • the bottom plate 71 is attached to the inner wall of the second box body 2.
  • One end of the handle 73 is hinged to the bottom plate 71, and the handle 73 is close to the middle position.
  • the locking rod 74 is hinged with the connecting bar, that is, the two ends of the locking rod 74 are hinged with the handle 73 and the locking rod 74 respectively.
  • the handle 73 drives the connecting bar 732 to rotate around the hinge point, and at the same time, the connecting bar 732 can pull the locking rod 74 and the axial movement of the locking rod 74 thereof.
  • the free end of the locking rod 74 can abut against the end surface of the sound insulation module.
  • the locking assembly further includes a linkage rod 72, one end of the linkage rod 72 is rotatably connected with the second box 2, and the other end is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 71, so the position of the bottom plate 71 can be adjusted by the linkage rod 72.
  • the linkage rod 72 When the linkage rod 72 is pushed to move, the bottom plate 71 can be attached to the inner wall of the second box body 2 to move linearly, so that the locking assembly can adapt to the sound insulation modules of various specifications.
  • a limit component is arranged between the bottom plate 71 and the second box body 2.
  • the limit component includes a limit block (not shown in the figure) and A limit slot for embedding a limit block (not shown in the figure).
  • the limiting block is fixedly connected to the bottom plate 71, and the limiting slot is opened along the direction of the second communicating hole 21.
  • the free end of the locking rod 74 is threadedly connected with a telescopic rod 741.
  • the end of the telescopic rod 741 can be inserted into the end of the locking rod 74.
  • the threaded structure between the locking rod 74 and the telescopic rod 741 can adjust the expansion and contraction.
  • the distance that the rod 741 extends from the inside of the locking rod 74 can adjust the telescopic rod 741 according to the specifications of the sound insulation module to increase the applicable scope of the sound insulation test box.
  • the free end of the telescopic rod 741 is fixed with an abutment block 742.
  • the abutment block 742 can increase the contact area between the telescopic rod 741 and the sound insulation module, reduce the stress concentration when fixing the sound insulation module, and have a certain effect on the sound insulation module. Protective effects.
  • a non-slip sleeve 731 is sleeved on the handle 73 to increase the static friction of the handle 73.
  • the material of the anti-slip sleeve 731 in this embodiment is preferably rubber.
  • the first box body 1 includes an outer frame 51 and an inner frame 52 embedded in the outer frame 51, and the centers of the outer frame 51 and the inner frame 52 coincide.
  • the outer wall of the outer frame 51 is covered with soundproof material, so that the first box 1, the second box 2 and the third box 3 are connected
  • the test space is in a relatively closed environment to improve the accuracy of the test results.
  • Corresponding corners of the inner frame 52 and the outer frame 51 are all connected by shock absorbing blocks 53, and the internal and external nested structure and shock absorbing blocks 53 can reduce the vibration of the first box 1 when the noise source is working.
  • the third box body 3 includes an outer frame 51 and an inner frame 52 embedded in the outer frame 51, and the centers of the outer frame 51 and the inner frame 52 coincide.
  • the outer wall of the outer frame 51 is covered with a soundproof material.
  • Corresponding corners of the inner frame 52 and the outer frame 51 are all connected by shock-absorbing blocks 53, and the internal and external nested structure and shock-absorbing blocks 53 can reduce the vibration of the third box 3 when the noise source is working.
  • the connecting assembly includes a fixing seat 41, a handle 42, a lock 43 and a lock 43 Matched card block 22.
  • the fixing seat 41 is fixedly arranged on the side of the first box body 1 or the third box body 3 so as to be connected with the clamping block 22 fixed on the side of the second box body 2.
  • the end of the handle 42 close to the second box 2 is rotatably connected to the fixing seat 41 through a first rotating pin, the middle of the handle 42 is rotatably connected to the lock catch 43 through a second rotating pin, and the lock catch 43 is driven to move by rotating the handle 42 to achieve The connection between the lock 43 and the block 22.
  • the clamping block 22 is recessed with a groove 221 for inserting the lock buckle 43.
  • the clamping force of the groove 221 and the lock buckle 43 can be used to realize the quick assembly of the first box body 1, the second box body 2 and the third box body 3 To facilitate detection, and to improve the efficiency of sound insulation module detection.
  • the sealing layer 23 includes a plurality of sealing strips 231 arranged side by side.
  • the sealing strips 231 are hollow semi-cylindricals.
  • the sealing layer 23 is arranged on the end surface which is attached to the first box body 1 and the third box body 3, which can increase the sealing performance of the splicing; at the same time, because the sealing strip 231 is a hollow semi-cylinder, it can fill the first
  • the gaps between the joint surfaces of the first box 1, the second box 2 and the third box 3 due to machining errors can improve the sealing effect, and at the same time, it can reduce the impact of the first box 1 and the second box 2 during assembly. And damage to the third box 3.
  • a trolley 6 is respectively provided under the first box body 1, the second box body 2 and the third box body 3 to facilitate movement and assembly.
  • a number of buffer blocks 61 are arranged above the trolley 6.
  • the buffer blocks 61 are arranged at the 4 corners of the trolley 6.
  • the buffer blocks 61 can reduce the first box body 1, the second box body 2 and the third box body during the test. Vibration of box 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
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Abstract

一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块，包括支撑边框，支撑边框的正面和反面均设置有薄金属板，两个薄金属板之间设置有至少一个隔声单元和一个吸声单元，当隔声单元为多个时，相邻两个隔声单元之间通过粘合连接，隔声单元由粘合在一起的防水防火高密度板和吸音棉层组成，吸声单元由依次粘结的防水防火高密度板、吸音棉层和隔离层组成，隔离层为无纺布或憎水布，其中一个薄金属板表面开设有通孔并形成穿孔板，吸声单元与穿孔金属板粘合连接；以及公开一种计算隔声单元数量的方法。本发明具有较高的隔声效果，制备加工便捷，避免在某些特定频段隔声性能下降，也无声桥缺陷。

Description

一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块及选择方法 技术领域
本发明涉及隔音降噪领域，具体涉及一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块及选择方法。
背景技术
在噪声与振动控制领域，隔声材料和吸声材料是不同的两种材料，二者功能是不同的，隔声材料主要是抑制声波透射的问题，吸声材料主要是抑制声波反射的问题。二者在形式上也大不相同，隔声材料大多都是密实无孔材料组成；而吸声材料大多是多孔的密度较小的材料，比如离心玻璃棉板、穿孔木质板等。
在降噪领域，有些应用场景是即需要隔声又需要吸声，但市场上能提供的隔声材料和吸声材料大多是独立分开的，在工程施工时，通过安装龙骨结构，将二者连接在一起，从而达到隔声和吸声兼具的目的。这就带来了一些问题，即安装多了一道工序，质量不太可控，严重依赖安装工人的职业素养；而且带来了成本的上升。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块及选择方法，具有较高的隔声效果，制备加工便捷，隔声、吸声效果避免在某些特定频段隔声性能下降，也无无声桥缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块，包括支撑边框，支撑边框的正面和反面均设置有薄金属板，两个薄金属板之间 设置有至少一个隔声单元和一个吸声单元，当隔声单元为多个时，相邻两个隔声单元之间通过粘合连接，所述隔声单元由粘合在一起的防水防火高密度板和吸音棉层组成，所述吸声单元由依次粘结的防水防火高密度板、吸音棉层和隔离层组成，所述隔离层为无纺布或憎水布，其中一个薄金属板表面开设有通孔并形成穿孔板，所述吸声单元与穿孔金属板粘合连接。
进一步的，所述支撑边框的外周面上设置有加强凹槽。
进一步的，所述支撑边框包括上罩壳和下罩壳，所述上罩壳能够罩设在下罩壳上，所述上罩壳的内环壁和下罩壳的外环壁之间设置有橡胶隔断，所述橡胶隔断固定设置在下罩壳的外环壁上。
进一步的，所述橡胶隔断位于上罩壳的安装方向一侧设置有导向斜面，所述橡胶隔断表面设置有凸纹。
一种选择方法，包括权利要求1-4任意一项所述的一体式模块，根据隔声量设计需求选择一体式模块的隔声单元数量；
隔声量计算式为：
R＝23lg(m 1+m 2)-11.5+ΔR(m 1+m 2≥200kg/m 2)
R＝13lg(m 1+m 2)+11.5+ΔR(m 1+m 2≤200kg/m 2)。
进一步的，还包括检测装置，所述检测装置用于检测一体式模块的实际隔声量，将实际隔声量与隔声量计算式得到的理论隔声量比对并确定最终隔声单元数量；所述检测装置包括依次设置的第一箱体、第二箱体和第三箱体，所述第一箱体和所述第三箱体位于所述第二箱体相对的两侧，并均通过连接组件与所述第二箱体可拆卸连接；所述第一箱体上开设有第一连通孔，所述第三箱体上开设有第三连通孔，所述第一连通孔和所述第三连通孔均朝向所述第二箱体；所述第二箱体贯穿开设有第二连通孔，所述第一连通孔的中心线、所述第二连 通孔的中心线和所述第三连通孔的中心线均共线设置；所述第一箱体内放置有噪声源，所述第三箱体内放置有监测仪，所述第二箱体通过锁固组件与所述隔声模块可拆卸连接；
所述锁固组件包括联动杆、底板、手柄和锁定杆，所述底板与所述第二箱体的内壁贴合，所述手柄与所述底板铰接；所述手柄通过连接条与所述锁定杆转动连接，以带动所述锁定杆与所述隔声模块接触或脱离；所述联动杆的一端与所述第二箱体铰接，另一端与所述底板固定连接。
进一步的，所述锁定杆的游离端螺纹连接有伸缩杆，所述伸缩杆能够从所述锁定杆内伸出或插入，以调节所述伸缩杆和所述锁定杆间的距离，所述伸缩杆的游离端设置有抵接块。
进一步的，所述底板通过限位组件和所述第二箱体连接，所述限位组件包括限位块和与所述限位块配合的限位槽；所述限位块与所述底板固定，所述第二箱体的内壁凹陷形成有所述限位槽。
进一步的，所述第一箱体和所述第三箱体均包括外框架和内框架，所述内框架嵌设在所述外框架的内部，且所述内框架的角和对应位置处的所述外框架的角之间设置有减震块。
进一步的，所述连接组件包括固定座、把手、锁扣和与所述锁扣配合的卡块；所述固定座设置在所述第一箱体或所述第三箱体的侧边，所述把手的端部通过第一转动销与所述固定座转动连接，且所述锁扣通过第二转动销与所述把手的中部转动连接；所述卡块固定在所述第二箱体上，且所述卡块上凹陷有所述卡槽，用以嵌设所述锁扣。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明时同时具备隔声和吸声功能的模块，隔声性能可通过调节安装隔声组合单元来实现，平均隔声量最高可达100dB以上，吸声性能可通过调节吸声 单元的空腔厚度、填充材料的厚度、密度来实现，平均吸声系数可在0.5～0.999之间调节；
隔声组合单元和吸声组合单元通过具有密封功能的组合钣金件固定为一体，中间的隔声和吸声层结构通过环保型高强度粘结剂来粘合；隔声组合单元采用特有的方法，避免在某些特定频段隔声性能下降，即在频谱分布上的劲度控制区、阻尼控制区和吻合控制区常有的隔声性能下降这种情况；无声桥缺陷，从而最大限度的提升了隔声性能；其三，该隔声模块加工精度高，施工安装方便快捷，不需要额外的空腔龙骨支架，避免了声桥缺陷；性价比非常高，在同等隔声量的情况下，能比常规钣金隔声模块降低成本50％以上。
附图说明
图1是本发明的隔声模块结构示意图；
图2是本发明的隔声模块截面结构示意图；
图3是本发明的检测装置整体示意图；
图4是图3的A部分的放大图；
图5是本检测装置的爆炸视图；
图6是图5中B部分的放大图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施，但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
参照图1所示，本发明的标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块的一实施例，包括支撑边框111，支撑边框的正面和反面均设置有薄金属板112，两个薄金属板之间设置有至少一个隔声单元113和一个吸声单元114，当隔声单元为多个时， 相邻两个隔声单元之间通过粘合连接，隔声单元由粘合在一起的防水防火高密度板115和吸音棉层116组成，吸声单元由依次粘结的防水防火高密度板、吸音棉层和隔离层117组成，隔离层为无纺布或憎水布，起到避免吸声填充物细小纤维颗粒散逸到空气中，其中一个薄金属板表面开设有通孔并形成穿孔板，吸声单元与穿孔金属板粘合连接。该结构既满足隔声要求、又满足吸声要求；不同质量密度、不同声阻抗的材料进行单元式组合，通过金属边框支架进行固定，从而达到不同隔声量的需求；因为将不同密度和厚度的材料通过环保型粘合剂粘结在一起，有效抑制了薄板的形变，从而避免在人耳的听阈范围内隔声量下降的缺陷；加工生产快速、精度高、经济性比高、外观美观、具备防火防潮功能；能满足不同的应用隔声降噪场景。
实施制备时,上述技术实施步骤：
1、首先将金属框架按照所需尺寸裁切，再将专用链接角码将金属框架链接成一个稳定的矩形，形成支撑边框；
2、将喷涂金属薄板通过设备挤压成型；(喷涂颜色可自由设定；金属薄板厚度为0.4～1.2MM不等；材质可以包括但不限于钢板、铝板、铜板等)
3、将步骤2加工的喷涂金属薄板，放置在步骤1的支撑边框下；
4、根据步骤3，在金属薄板内壁涂刷高强度环保粘合剂；再放置一层高密度防潮防火板(厚度为6MM～12MM不等，材质包括但不限于硅酸钙板、镁菱板、膨胀珍珠岩板等)；
5、根据步骤4，在高密度板上涂刷高强度环保粘合剂；再放置一层吸音棉(吸音棉的容重为80K～120K不等；材质包括但不限于岩棉、离心玻璃棉、聚酯纤维棉等具备吸声功能的多孔材料)；
6、根据步骤5、在上述吸音棉上放置一层高密度防潮防火板(厚度为6MM～12MM不等，材质包括但不限于硅酸钙板、镁菱板、膨胀珍珠岩板等)；
7、以上步骤4和6为一个隔音单元；
8、根据不同的隔声量需求，可以将以上隔音单元重复设置；达到设定的隔声量为止；
9、根据步骤8，再放置一层吸声填充物，密度为32K～48K，材质可选择离心玻璃棉、或聚酯纤维棉等；
10、根据步骤9、在吸音填充物上无纺布或憎水布；
11、根据步骤10，在无纺布上或憎水布上安装一层挤压成型的穿孔的喷涂金属薄板。
12、步骤9～11为一个吸音组合单元。
13、本技术总结为：若干隔声组合单元加一个吸声组合单元。
至此，完成整个隔声吸声一体化模块的生产制造过程。
上述结构具有以下特点：
a、该技术是一种多层质量密度不同、声阻抗不同的隔声、吸声材料的组合结构；
b、该技术是一种将隔声组合单元和吸声组合单元合为一体的结构；隔声组合单元的表层为无孔薄板喷涂金属，吸声组合单元的表层为穿孔薄板喷涂金属。两，面层金属薄板材质包括但不限于为钢板或铝板，厚度为0.4MM、0.5、0.8、1.0、1.2MM不等；喷涂的颜色可以自由选择，满足外观需求；隔声组合可以设置为若干隔声组合单元；吸声组合只有一个单元；
C、该技术的隔声组合单元为：空腔隔声结构，具体为防水防火高密度板(G)+吸音棉层(Y)为一个组合单元；G+Y+G+Y+······等若干组合单元构成，不同的组合单元数量取得不同的隔声量；其中高密度板材质包括但不限于硅酸钙板、防火板等；吸音棉层材质包括限于岩棉、离心玻璃棉、聚酯纤维等当声波从高密度隔声板进入低密度的吸音棉层，经过两种不同的密度的介质，根据空气传声隔声原理，声能将转化为热能消耗掉，从而达到隔声的目的。
支撑边框的外周面上设置有加强凹槽121。使得支撑结构为：一种凹型龙骨，或一种V型龙骨作为边框作为支撑结构，这种龙骨通过阻尼性能良好的弹性接插件来固定，将表面金属薄板和中间的隔声组合单元，通过环保型高强度粘合剂粘合在一起避，也可以免了声桥缺陷。
参照图2所示，上述的支撑边框还可以包括上罩壳118和下罩壳119，上罩壳能够罩设在下罩壳上，上罩壳的内环壁和下罩壳的外环壁之间设置有橡胶隔断120，橡胶隔断固定设置在下罩壳的外环壁上；
该技术的支撑框架结构为：上下套嵌结构，并且中间采用橡胶隔断来连接，也就是相当于断桥铝的结构，使得支撑框架结构具有断桥的作用，达到隔声隔热的效果；
该技术所呈现的产品外形厚度尺寸，包括不限于5CM厚、7.5CM厚、10CM厚、12.5CM厚、15CM厚等。需要不同的隔声量时，将选择不同的隔声组合单元；
在具体的使用时，包括以下方法：
先单独生产上罩壳、下罩壳、橡胶隔断、隔声单元和薄金属板；该隔声模块主要用于不确定隔声需求的环境使用，因此单独生产后并不全部组装，而是进行部分组装，将橡胶隔断安装在下罩壳表面、将两个薄金属板分别与上罩壳和下罩壳固定连接、将其中一个隔声单元粘合在下罩壳内，将防水防火高密度板粘合在上罩壳内；使得基本不变的组合关系进行结合连接；
随后将下罩壳与上罩壳相向重叠摆放并与剩余的隔声单元一并带至施工场地；
根据使用位置的隔声需求，在下罩壳内的隔声单元上增加隔声单元使用数量并通过粘合固定；
根据实际需求小于组合单元隔声量的方式进行筛选合适的数量组合并进行 黏贴，贴合结束后，将上罩壳罩设在下罩壳上，采用锤子敲击，将上罩壳罩内壁与橡胶隔断过盈配合并直至上罩壳罩内的防水防火高密度板与隔声单元抵接。具体的，橡胶隔断位于上罩壳的安装方向一侧设置有导向斜面118，所述橡胶隔断表面设置有凸纹，使得上罩壳安装稳定，不至于卡死，并且安装后，稳固效果好；当组合单元数量少时，敲击的距离较大，上罩壳和下罩壳重叠部分多；而当组合单元数量大时，敲击的距离较小，上罩壳和下罩壳重叠部分少。
当然，上罩壳和下罩壳的尺寸具有限定，一组上罩壳和下罩壳配合适用最高2-3个单元的组合，以较好的提高适用性。当然可以更换不同尺寸的上罩壳以适应所有的组合需求。
薄金属板的共振频率和临界频率都是在人耳的听阈范围内，所以设计师通常为了避开以上劲度控制区和吻合控制区，采取很多小心翼翼的措施。这是单一匀质材料的通病。
本技术方案，使得隔声组合模块的共振频率向低频方向偏移，临界频率向高频偏移，远离人耳的听阈范围，大幅提升产品的隔声性能。其核心原理在于：该组合结构将不同声阻抗，不同质量密度的材料进行组合，使声波在各层界面上产生多次反射，由于每个隔声单元中的材料阻抗相差比较大(钢板和吸音棉)，反射声能越大，透射声能越小，从而使得隔声量越大；另外，高密度板附着在薄钢板上，将极大的抑制钢板的形变，避免薄钢板容易出现在共振频率区和吻合频率区隔声量大幅下降的情况。
还提供一种选择方法，包括上述的一体式模块，根据隔声量设计需求选择一体式模块的隔声单元数量；以能够快速的判断实际使用需求数量，避免出现不合格或者多增加数量的问题，保证质量和保证成本。
其中，隔声量计算式为：
R＝23lg(m 1+m 2)-11.5+ΔR(m 1+m 2≥200kg/m 2)
R＝13lg(m 1+m 2)+11.5+ΔR(m 1+m 2≤200kg/m 2)；
根据不断的数据整合以及实际经验推导得出。
该组合结构将避免常规单一匀质隔声材料在低频共振区和临界频率区域的隔声量大幅下降的现象，整体提升隔声性能。
还包括检测装置，检测装置用于检测一体式模块的实际隔声量，通过将实际隔声量与隔声量计算式得到的理论隔声量比对并确定最终隔声单元数量，该方式可以对公式进行矫正或者使得生产人员或者组装人员得知，实际产品与理论计算的差距，根据差距能够保证产品在实际使用时的合格率；
参照图3至图6所示，具体的，隔音测试箱包括第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3，第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3依次设置，且第一箱体1和第三箱体3均设置在第二箱体2相对的两侧。第一箱体1和第三箱体3均呈中空设置，第一箱体1靠近第二箱体2的端面开设有第一连通孔11，第三箱体3靠近第二箱体2的端面开设有第三连通孔31，第二箱体2贯穿开设有第二连通孔21，第一连通孔11、第二连通孔21和第三连通孔31依次连通，且第一连通孔11的中心线、第二连通孔21的中心线和第三连通孔31的中心线均共线设置。第一箱体1内放置有噪声源，第三箱体3内放置有监测仪，第二箱体2内可拆卸的固定设置有隔声模块，因而利用噪声源和监测仪能够检测出测试材料的隔音性能。
参照图5，当将隔声模块固定在第二箱体2内部时，为了便于安放第二连通孔21呈棱台型设置，即第二连通孔21两端的开口面积并不一致，本实施例中第二连通孔21靠近第一箱体1的一端的开口面积较大。同时为了便于隔声模块的固定，第二连通孔21靠近第一箱体1一端的开口大于隔声模块，从而能够将隔声模块放置在第二箱体2内部；而第二连通孔21靠近第三箱体3一端的开口小于隔声模块，使得隔声模块无法从其端部脱离；本实施例中在对隔声模块 进行测试的过程中，隔声模块的端面与第二箱体2的内壁抵接，且抵接位置位于第二连通孔21靠近第三箱体3的一端。同时为了便于实现隔声模块与第二箱体2的锁固，第二箱体2通过锁固组件施加给隔声模块推力，以将隔声模块固定在第二箱体2内部。
参照图5和图6，锁固组件包括底板71、手柄73和锁定杆74，底板71和第二箱体2的内壁贴合，手柄73的一端与底板71铰接，手柄73靠近其中部位置处通过连接条与锁定杆74铰接，即锁定杆74的两端部分别于手柄73和锁定杆74铰接。当转动手柄73时，手柄73带动连接条732围绕铰接点转动，同时连接条732能够拉动锁定杆74其锁定杆74的轴向运动。锁定杆74的的游离端能够与隔声模块的端面抵接，为了提高隔声模块固定的稳定性，本实施例中锁固组件设置有4组，且均设置在与隔声模块4个角对应的位置处。
参照图6，锁固组件还包括联动杆72，联动杆72的一端与第二箱体2转动连接，其另一端与底板71固定连接，因而通过联动杆72能够调整底板71的位置。当推动联动杆72运动时，底板71能够贴合第二箱体2的内壁做直线运动，以使锁固组件能够适应多种规格的隔声模块。为了使得底板71在运动的过程中始终与第二箱体2的内壁贴合，底板71和第二箱体2间设置有限位组件，限位组件包括限位块(图中未示出)和用于嵌设限位块的限位槽(图中未示出)。限位块与底板71的固定连接，同时限位槽沿第二连通孔21的方向开设。
参照图6，锁定杆74的游离端螺纹连接有伸缩杆741，伸缩杆741的端部能够插设进锁定杆74的端部，利用锁定杆74和伸缩杆741之间的螺纹结构能够调节伸缩杆741从锁定杆74内部伸出的距离，从而能够根据隔声模块的规格调整伸缩杆741，以增大隔音测试箱的适用范围。此外，伸缩杆741的游离端固定有抵接块742，抵接块742能够增大伸缩杆741和隔声模块的接触面积，减少固定隔声模块时的应力集中，对隔声模块具有一定的保护作用。
参照图6，为了便于操作，手柄73上套设有防滑套731，以增大手柄73的静摩擦力，本实施例中防滑套731的材料优选橡胶。
参照图5，第一箱体1包括外框架51和嵌设在外框架51内部的内框架52，外框架51和内框架52的中心重合。为了提高检测时的准确性，减小外界噪音对测试结果的干扰，外框架51的外壁包覆有隔音材料，使得第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3连接后的测试空间处于相对密闭的环境中，以提高测试结果的准确性。内框架52和外框架51对应的角处均通过减震块53连接，利用内外嵌套的结构以及减震块53能够减小噪声源工作时第一箱体1的振动。
参照图4，第三箱体3包括外框架51和嵌设在外框架51内部的内框架52，外框架51和内框架52的中心重合。为了提高检测时的准确性，减小外界噪音对测试结果的干扰，外框架51的外壁包覆有隔音材料。内框架52和外框架51对应的角处均通过减震块53连接，利用内外嵌套的结构以及减震块53能够减小噪声源工作时第三箱体3的振动。
参照图3和图4，第一箱体1和第三箱体3均通过连接组件与第二箱体2可拆卸连接，连接组件包括固定座41、把手42、锁扣43和与锁扣43配合的卡块22。固定座41固定设置在第一箱体1或第三箱体3的侧边上，以便于与固定在设置在第二箱体2侧边上的卡块22连接。把手42靠近第二箱体2的一端通过第一转动销与固定座41转动连接，把手42的中部通过第二转动销与锁扣43转动连接，通过转动把手42带动锁扣43运动，以实现锁扣43和卡块22的连接。卡块22凹陷有用于卡嵌锁扣43的卡槽221，利用卡槽221和锁扣43的卡嵌力能够实现第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3的快速拼装和解除以方便检测，同时提高了隔声模块检测的效率。
参照图3-图5，第二箱体2的两相对的端面均黏附有密封层23，密封层23包括若干并列设置的密封条231，密封条231为中空的半圆柱。密封层23设置在与第一箱体1和第三箱体3贴合的端面上，其能够增大拼接处的密封性；同时因为密封条231为中空的半圆柱体，因而其能够填充第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3拼合面因加工误差而产生的缝隙，提高密闭效果，同时能够减小拼装时的碰撞对第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3的损伤。
参照图3，第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3的下方分别设置有手推车6，以方便移动和拼装。手推车6的上方设置有若干缓冲块61，本实施例中缓冲块61设置在手推车6的4个角处，缓冲块61能够减小测试时第一箱体1、第二箱体2和第三箱体3的振动。
以上所述实施例仅是为充分说明本发明而所举的较佳的实施例，本发明的保护范围不限于此。本技术领域的技术人员在本发明基础上所作的等同替代或变换，均在本发明的保护范围之内。本发明的保护范围以权利要求书为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块，其特征在于，包括支撑边框，支撑边框的正面和反面均设置有薄金属板，两个薄金属板之间设置有至少一个隔声单元和一个吸声单元，当隔声单元为多个时，相邻两个隔声单元之间通过粘合连接，所述隔声单元由粘合在一起的防水防火高密度板和吸音棉层组成，所述吸声单元由依次粘结的防水防火高密度板、吸音棉层和隔离层组成，所述隔离层为无纺布或憎水布，其中一个薄金属板表面开设有通孔并形成穿孔板，所述吸声单元与穿孔金属板粘合连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块，其特征在于，所述支撑边框的外周面上设置有加强凹槽。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块，其特征在于，所述支撑边框包括上罩壳和下罩壳，所述上罩壳能够罩设在下罩壳上，所述上罩壳的内环壁和下罩壳的外环壁之间设置有橡胶隔断，所述橡胶隔断固定设置在下罩壳的外环壁上。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的标准化的隔声吸声一体式模块，其特征在于，所述橡胶隔断位于上罩壳的安装方向一侧设置有导向斜面，所述橡胶隔断表面设置有凸纹。
  5. 一种选择方法，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-4任意一项所述的一体式模块，根据隔声量设计需求选择一体式模块的隔声单元数量；
    隔声量计算式为：
    R＝23lg(m 1+m 2)-11.5+ΔR(m 1+m 2≥200kg/m 2)
    R＝13lg(m 1+m 2)+11.5+ΔR(m 1+m 2≤200kg/m 2)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的选择方法，其特征在于，还包括检测装置，所述检测装置用于检测一体式模块的实际隔声量，将实际隔声量与隔声量计算式得到的理论隔声量比对并确定最终隔声单元数量；所述检测装置包括依次设置的第一箱体、第二箱体和第三箱体，所述第一箱体和所述第三箱体位于所述第二箱体相对的两侧，并均通过连接组件与所述第二箱体可拆卸连接；所述第一箱体上开设有第一连通孔，所述第三箱体上开设有第三连通孔，所述第一连通孔和所述第三连通孔均朝向所述第二箱体；所述第二箱体贯穿开设有第二连通孔，所述第一连通孔的中心线、所述第二连通孔的中心线和所述第三连通孔的中心线均共线设置；所述第一箱体内放置有噪声源，所述第三箱体内放置有监测仪，所述第二箱体通过锁固组件与所述隔声模块可拆卸连接；
    所述锁固组件包括联动杆、底板、手柄和锁定杆，所述底板与所述第二箱体的内壁贴合，所述手柄与所述底板铰接；所述手柄通过连接条与所述锁定杆转动连接，以带动所述锁定杆与所述隔声模块接触或脱离；所述联动杆的一端与所述第二箱体铰接，另一端与所述底板固定连接。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的选择方法，其特征在于，所述锁定杆的游离端螺纹连接有伸缩杆，所述伸缩杆能够从所述锁定杆内伸出或插入，以调节所述伸缩杆和所述锁定杆间的距离，所述伸缩杆的游离端设置有抵接块。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的选择方法，其特征在于，所述底板通过限位组件和所述第二箱体连接，所述限位组件包括限位块和与所述限位块配合的限位槽；所述限位块与所述底板固定，所述第二箱体的内壁凹陷形成有所述限位槽。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的选择方法，其特征在于，所述第一箱体和所述第三箱体均包括外框架和内框架，所述内框架嵌设在所述外框架的内部，且所述内框架的角和对应位置处的所述外框架的角之间设置有减震块。
  10. 如权利要求6所述的选择方法，其特征在于，所述连接组件包括固定座、 把手、锁扣和与所述锁扣配合的卡块；所述固定座设置在所述第一箱体或所述第三箱体的侧边，所述把手的端部通过第一转动销与所述固定座转动连接，且所述锁扣通过第二转动销与所述把手的中部转动连接；所述卡块固定在所述第二箱体上，且所述卡块上凹陷有卡槽，用以嵌设所述锁扣。
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