WO2020192061A1 - Method and system for measuring air exchange amount - Google Patents
Method and system for measuring air exchange amount Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020192061A1 WO2020192061A1 PCT/CN2019/109047 CN2019109047W WO2020192061A1 WO 2020192061 A1 WO2020192061 A1 WO 2020192061A1 CN 2019109047 W CN2019109047 W CN 2019109047W WO 2020192061 A1 WO2020192061 A1 WO 2020192061A1
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
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Abstract
A method and a system for measuring an air exchange amount. The method comprises: S1, injecting a tracer gas into a space under test by means of a constant injection method; S2, measuring a concentration of the tracer gas in the space under test, and determining, according to the concentration, whether the tracer gas in the space has been mixed uniformly with air in the space; S3, if the tracer gas in the space under test is determined as having been uniformly mixed with the air in the space, acquiring a gas sample from the space and recording a sampling time, and measuring a concentration of the tracer gas in the gas sample; S4, performing function fitting on a correspondence relationship between the concentration of the tracer gas in the gas sample and the sampling time, and obtaining a fitting function; and S5, calculating an air exchange amount of the space under test according to the fitting function and an amount of the tracer gas injected into the space. The system comprises an injection module, a measurement module, a sampling module, a fitting module, and a calculation module. The method and the system enable, by using the constant injection method, accurate measurement of a safety-related air exchange amount in a single space.
Description
本发明涉及核安全领域和民用安全领域，具体涉及一种核电厂主控制室内空气交换量的测量方法及系统。The invention relates to the field of nuclear safety and civil safety, and in particular to a method and system for measuring air exchange in a main control room of a nuclear power plant.
目前，一些核设施特别是核电厂的要害部门主控制室比较关注该空间的无过滤空气内漏量，它是关系到主控室工作人员安全的一个重要参数，美国ASTM E741标准推荐了“利用示踪气体稀释法测量单个区域空气交换量的标准试验方法”，美国的所有核电厂都要求进行主控室无过滤空气内漏量的测定以确保主控室的工作人员在事故工况下不会受到超出设计标准的辐射照射及化学毒物危害。At present, the main control room of some nuclear facilities, especially the key department of nuclear power plants, pays more attention to the unfiltered air leakage in this space. It is an important parameter related to the safety of the main control room staff. The American ASTM E741 standard recommends The tracer gas dilution method is a standard test method for measuring the air exchange volume in a single area.” All nuclear power plants in the United States require the measurement of the unfiltered air leakage in the main control room to ensure that the staff in the main control room do not work under accident conditions. Will be exposed to radiation and chemical poisons that exceed the design standards.
对于核电厂主控室而言，可以通过注入示踪气体来测量待测空间的气流交换特性，具体而言，可以通过示踪气体稀释法来测量待测空间的空气交换量、总进风量和总出风量，然后利用总进风量减去经过核电厂主控室应急通风系统事故处理机组过滤放射性气溶胶和碘的过滤风量后即可得到无过滤空气内漏量，这一无过滤空气内漏量是对主控室运行人员造成辐射及化学毒物危害的最主要来源，必须通过采取各种措施控制到最小量。For the main control room of a nuclear power plant, the air exchange characteristics of the space to be measured can be measured by injecting tracer gas. Specifically, the air exchange volume, total air inlet volume and total air volume of the space to be measured can be measured by the tracer gas dilution method. The total air volume is then used to subtract the air volume filtered by the radioactive aerosol and iodine filtered by the emergency ventilation system accident handling unit of the nuclear power plant’s main control room to obtain the unfiltered air internal leakage. This unfiltered air internal leakage The amount is the most important source of radiation and chemical toxicant hazards to the operators of the main control room, and various measures must be taken to control it to the minimum.
美国ASTM E741标准推荐了三种示踪气体试验法来进行主控室无过滤空气内漏量的测量，分别为浓度衰减法、恒量注入法和恒定浓度法，实际上应用较多的是恒量注入法，但在历史上由于仪器的测量精度限制以及试验时间的限制，美国公司在进行主控室内漏量测量的示踪试验时往往并不能达到满足质量守恒条件的恒量注入法的浓度平衡，因此他们在很多情况下是使用在示踪试验中测量得到的未达到平衡的浓度数据却利用质量守恒公式来计算求得空气交换量， 这是由于主控室的可用试验时间限制而采取的一种明显不合理但又无奈的办法。The American ASTM E741 standard recommends three tracer gas test methods to measure the internal leakage of unfiltered air in the main control room. They are the concentration decay method, the constant injection method and the constant concentration method. In fact, the most commonly used is constant injection. However, in history, due to the limitation of the measurement accuracy of the instrument and the limitation of the test time, American companies often failed to achieve the concentration balance of the constant injection method that satisfies the mass conservation condition when performing the tracer test of the leakage measurement in the main control room. In many cases, they use the unbalanced concentration data measured in the tracer test but use the mass conservation formula to calculate the air exchange volume. This is a method that is adopted due to the available test time limit in the main control room. Obviously unreasonable but helpless approach.
现有技术中，美国ASTM E741标准中的不合理之处在于因未找到合适的方法以得到满足质量守恒定律的最终平衡浓度而不得已规定了一个平衡浓度判定标准，即下述公式：In the prior art, the unreasonable part of the ASTM E741 standard in the United States is that it has not found a suitable method to obtain the final equilibrium concentration that meets the law of conservation of mass and has to specify an equilibrium concentration determination standard, that is, the following formula:
其中，Cfinal为试验时间末的示踪气体浓度；Cinitial为试验时间初的示踪气体浓度；Ttest为试验时间段；Qtracer为试验时间内的示踪气体注入量；Vzone为被测试空间的空气容积。Among them, Cfinal is the tracer gas concentration at the end of the test time; Cinitial is the tracer gas concentration at the beginning of the test time; Ttest is the test time period; Qtracer is the amount of tracer gas injected during the test time; Vzone is the air volume of the tested space .
在满足公式(1)的标准后，可利用如下的公式(2)计算得到平均空气交换率Q。After meeting the criteria of formula (1), the following formula (2) can be used to calculate the average air exchange rate Q.
其中，C
2和C
1分别为对应于试验时间t
2和t
1的示踪气体浓度。
Among them, C 2 and C 1 are the tracer gas concentrations corresponding to the test time t 2 and t 1 respectively.
但由公式(1)所导致的误差在测量第三代核电厂主控室是否满足非常严格的验收标准时是不合理的，实际上其不合理之处在于使用不满足质量守恒定律的非平衡状态时的示踪气体浓度却套用质量守恒公式以计算得到被测试空间的空气交换率。However, the error caused by formula (1) is unreasonable when measuring whether the main control room of the third-generation nuclear power plant meets very strict acceptance standards. In fact, the unreasonable point lies in the use of an unbalanced state that does not satisfy the law of conservation of mass. However, the concentration of tracer gas at time is applied with the conservation of mass formula to calculate the air exchange rate of the tested space.
本发明的目的即为改正ASTM E741标准的这一不合理项而发明了一种全新的函数拟合数据处理方法，根据拟合函数求解极限值得到满足质量守恒定律要求的最终平衡浓度，再结合示踪气体注入量数据计算求得符合被测空间空气交换特性的正确的空气交换量结果；或是根据拟合函数的系数结合示踪气体注入量数据计算求得符合被测空间空气交换特性的正确的空气交换量结果。The purpose of the present invention is to correct this unreasonable item in the ASTM E741 standard and invent a new function fitting data processing method. According to the fitting function, the limit value is solved to obtain the final equilibrium concentration that meets the requirements of the law of conservation of mass. Calculate tracer gas injection volume data to obtain the correct air exchange volume result that conforms to the air exchange characteristics of the measured space; or calculate according to the coefficient of the fitting function combined with the tracer gas injection volume data to obtain the air exchange characteristics consistent with the measured space air exchange characteristics The correct air exchange volume result.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，本发明的目的在于提供一种空气交换量的测量方法及系统，能够精确地测量与安全相关的单个空间的空气交换量。In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for measuring air exchange volume, which can accurately measure the air exchange volume in a single space related to safety.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:
一种空气交换量的测量方法，包括：A method for measuring air exchange volume, including:
S1、通过恒量注入法将示踪气体注入到待测空间内；S1. Inject the tracer gas into the space to be measured by the constant injection method;
S2、对所述待测空间内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量，根据所述浓度确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气是否混合均匀；S2. Measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and determine whether the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed according to the concentration;
S3、在确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气混合均匀后，对所述待测空间进行气体取样并记录取样时刻，对取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量；S3. After determining that the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed, take a gas sampling of the space to be measured and record the sampling time. Concentration is measured;
S4、将所述取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度与取样时刻的对应关系进行函数拟合，得到拟合函数；S4. Perform function fitting on the corresponding relationship between the concentration of the tracer gas in the sampling gas and the sampling time to obtain a fitting function;
S5、根据所述拟合函数和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。S5. Calculate the air exchange volume of the space to be measured according to the fitting function and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，步骤S5中，采用以下任一方式计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量：Further, in the method for measuring the air exchange volume as described above, in step S5, the air exchange volume in the space to be measured is calculated by any of the following methods:
将所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量代入所述拟合函数，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量；Substituting the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured into the fitting function, and calculating the air exchange amount in the space to be measured;
对所述拟合函数求极限值，得到所述待测空间内的示踪气体的极限浓度，根据所述极限浓度和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。Calculate the limit value of the fitting function to obtain the limit concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and calculate the limit value of the tracer gas in the space to be measured according to the limit concentration and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured The amount of air exchange in the space.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，步骤S1中，通过示 踪气体恒量注入装置将示踪气体注入到与待测空间相连的进风风管内。Further, in the method for measuring the amount of air exchange as described above, in step S1, the tracer gas is injected into the air inlet pipe connected to the space to be measured through the tracer gas constant injection device.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，所述示踪气体恒量注入装置包括：两个气体钢瓶、三通阀、稳压阀、稳流阀、两个针阀、两个质量流量计和两个多点注入装置，其中，所述两个气体钢瓶分别与所述三通阀的两个入口连接，所述三通阀的出口与所述稳压阀的入口连接，所述稳压阀的出口与所述稳流阀的入口连接，所述稳流阀的出口分别连接所述两个针阀的入口，每个针阀的出口均连接一个质量流量计的入口，每个质量流量计的出口连接一个多点注入装置，所述两个多点注入装置均与所述风管连接；Further, in the method for measuring the amount of air exchange as described above, the tracer gas constant injection device includes: two gas cylinders, a three-way valve, a stabilizing valve, a steady flow valve, two needle valves, and two mass A flow meter and two multi-point injection devices, wherein the two gas cylinders are respectively connected to the two inlets of the three-way valve, the outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the pressure stabilizing valve, and the The outlet of the pressure stabilizing valve is connected to the inlet of the steady flow valve, the outlet of the steady flow valve is respectively connected to the inlets of the two needle valves, and the outlet of each needle valve is connected to the inlet of a mass flow meter. The outlet of the mass flow meter is connected with a multi-point injection device, and the two multi-point injection devices are both connected with the air pipe;
所述两个气体钢瓶内的示踪气体通过所述三通阀选择释放后，依次经过所述稳压阀稳定释放压力，经过所述稳流阀调节控制释放量，通过所述两个针阀选择对应的注入位置并经对应的质量流量计获得流量读数，通过所述两个多点注入装置释放至所述风管内。After the tracer gas in the two gas cylinders is selectively released through the three-way valve, the pressure is stabilized through the pressure stabilizing valve, the release amount is adjusted and controlled through the steady flow valve, and the two needle valves are passed through The corresponding injection position is selected and the flow reading is obtained through the corresponding mass flow meter, and is released into the air duct through the two multi-point injection devices.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，所述多点注入装置包括：一根总管和与该总管相连的一系列支管，每个支管上开设有第一预设数量的注入孔，用于在所述风管横截面上使注入的示踪气体形成均匀分布。Further, in the method for measuring the amount of air exchange as described above, the multi-point injection device includes: a main pipe and a series of branch pipes connected to the main pipe, each branch pipe is provided with a first preset number of injection holes , Used to form a uniform distribution of the injected tracer gas on the cross section of the wind pipe.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，步骤S3中，通过多点取样装置对所述待测空间进行气体取样。Further, in the method for measuring the amount of air exchange as described above, in step S3, gas sampling is performed on the space to be measured by a multi-point sampling device.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，所述多点取样装置包括：一根总管和与该总管相连的一系列支管，每个支管上开设有第二预设数量的取样孔，用于在所述风管横截面上多点均匀采集样品。Further, in the method for measuring the amount of air exchange as described above, the multi-point sampling device includes: a main pipe and a series of branch pipes connected to the main pipe, each branch pipe is provided with a second preset number of sampling holes , Used to collect samples evenly at multiple points on the cross section of the air duct.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，步骤S5之后，还包括：Further, the method for measuring the amount of air exchange as described above, after step S5, further includes:
S6、通过所述多点注入装置和所述多点取样装置对所述待测空间内的新风风量进行测量，得到过滤新风量；S6. Measure the fresh air volume in the space to be measured through the multi-point injection device and the multi-point sampling device to obtain the filtered fresh air volume;
S7、将计算得到的所述待测空间的空气交换量减去所述过滤新风量，得到所述待测空间的无过滤空气量。S7. Subtract the filtered fresh air volume from the calculated air exchange volume of the space to be measured to obtain the unfiltered air volume of the space to be measured.
一种空气交换量的测量系统，包括：A measuring system for air exchange volume, including:
注入模块，用于通过恒量注入法将示踪气体注入到待测空间内；The injection module is used to inject the tracer gas into the space to be measured by the constant injection method;
测量模块，用于对所述待测空间内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量，根据所述浓度确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气是否混合均匀；The measurement module is configured to measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and determine whether the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed according to the concentration;
取样模块，用于在确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气混合均匀后，对所述待测空间进行气体取样并记录取样时刻，对取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量；The sampling module is used to sample the gas in the space to be tested and record the sampling time after determining that the tracer gas in the space to be tested is evenly mixed with the air in the space to be tested, and to check the indications in the sampled gas Measure the concentration of trace gas;
拟合模块，用于将所述取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度与取样时刻的对应关系进行函数拟合，得到拟合函数；The fitting module is used to perform function fitting on the corresponding relationship between the concentration of the tracer gas in the sampling gas and the sampling time to obtain a fitting function;
计算模块，用于根据所述拟合函数和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。The calculation module is used to calculate the air exchange volume of the space to be measured according to the fitting function and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured.
进一步，如上所述的一种空气交换量的测量系统，所述计算模块具体采用以下任一方式计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量：Further, in the above-mentioned air exchange volume measurement system, the calculation module specifically uses any of the following methods to calculate the air exchange volume in the space to be measured:
将所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量代入所述拟合函数，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量；Substituting the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured into the fitting function, and calculating the air exchange amount in the space to be measured;
对所述拟合函数求极限值，得到所述待测空间内的示踪气体的极限浓 度，根据所述极限浓度和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。Calculate the limit value of the fitting function to obtain the limit concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and calculate the limit value of the tracer gas in the space to be measured according to the limit concentration and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured The amount of air exchange in the space.
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明所提供的方法及系统，相比于ASTM E741推荐的方法，利用恒量注入法能够精确地测量与安全相关的单个空间的空气交换量，特别是在测量核电厂主控室的无过滤空气内漏量时具有较大意义，除了可以得到准确的测量结果外，还可以极大地缩短系统的不可用时间并减少对主控室的干扰。The beneficial effect of the present invention is that compared with the method recommended by ASTM E741, the method and system provided by the present invention can accurately measure the air exchange volume of a single space related to safety by using the constant injection method, especially when measuring nuclear power plants. The internal leakage of unfiltered air in the main control room is of great significance. In addition to obtaining accurate measurement results, it can also greatly shorten the unavailable time of the system and reduce the interference to the main control room.
本发明由于是采用曲线拟合法，相比于ASTM E741中所述的平衡浓度判定法可以极大地缩短试验时间，试验时间可以控制在0.5至4小时之内，远小于其它公司所采用的高低恒定量结合注入法或单一恒定量注入法所需要的根据ASTM E741规定的公式判定达到平衡浓度的试验时间。Because the present invention adopts the curve fitting method, compared with the equilibrium concentration determination method described in ASTM E741, the test time can be greatly shortened, and the test time can be controlled within 0.5 to 4 hours, which is far less than the high-low constant used by other companies. The test time required for the quantitative combined injection method or the single constant volume injection method to determine the equilibrium concentration according to the formula specified in ASTM E741.
图1为本发明实施例中提供的一种空气交换量的测量方法的流程示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for measuring air exchange volume provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中提供的示踪气体恒量注入装置的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a tracer gas constant injection device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例中提供的一种空气交换量的测量系统的结构示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an air exchange volume measurement system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图中：1-第一气体钢瓶；2-第二气体钢瓶；3-三通阀；4-稳压阀；5-稳流阀；6-第一针阀；7-第二针阀；8-第一质量流量计；9-第二质量流量计；10-第一多点注入装置；11-第二多点注入装置。In the picture: 1-The first gas cylinder; 2-The second gas cylinder; 3-Three-way valve; 4-Stabilizing valve; 5-Stabilizing valve; 6-First needle valve; 7-Second needle valve; 8 -The first mass flow meter; 9- The second mass flow meter; 10- The first multi-point injection device; 11- The second multi-point injection device.
下面结合说明书附图与具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific implementations of the specification.
实施例1Example 1
下面对本发明提供的一种空气交换量的测量方法进行详细描述。The method for measuring the air exchange volume provided by the present invention will be described in detail below.
如图1所示，一种空气交换量的测量方法，包括：As shown in Figure 1, a method for measuring air exchange volume includes:
S1、通过恒量注入法将示踪气体注入到待测空间内；S1. Inject the tracer gas into the space to be measured by the constant injection method;
S2、对待测空间内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量，根据浓度确定待测空间内的示踪气体与待测空间内的空气是否混合均匀；S2. Measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and determine whether the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed according to the concentration;
S3、在确定待测空间内的示踪气体与待测空间内的空气混合均匀后，对待测空间进行气体取样并记录取样时刻，对取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量；S3. After determining that the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed, take a gas sampling in the space to be measured and record the sampling time, and measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the sampled gas;
S4、将取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度与取样时刻的对应关系进行函数拟合，得到拟合函数；S4. Perform function fitting on the corresponding relationship between the concentration of the tracer gas in the sample gas and the sampling time to obtain a fitting function;
S5、根据拟合函数和待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量，计算得到待测空间的空气交换量。S5. According to the fitting function and the injection volume of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, the air exchange volume of the space to be measured is calculated.
步骤S5中，采用以下任一方式计算得到待测空间的空气交换量：In step S5, the air exchange volume of the space to be measured is calculated by any of the following methods:
将待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量代入拟合函数，计算得到待测空间的空气交换量；Substitute the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured into the fitting function, and calculate the air exchange amount in the space to be measured;
对拟合函数求极限值，得到待测空间内的示踪气体的极限浓度，根据极限浓度和待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量计算得到待测空间的空气交换量。Calculate the limit value of the fitting function to obtain the limit concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and calculate the air exchange volume of the space to be measured according to the limit concentration and the injection volume of the tracer gas in the space to be measured.
本发明的方法相比于ASTM E741推荐的方法能够精确地测量与安全相关的单个空间的空气交换量，特别是在测量核电厂主控室的无过滤空气内漏量时具有较大意义，除了可以得到准确的测量结果外，还可以极大地缩短系统的不可用时间并减少对主控室的干扰。Compared with the method recommended by ASTM E741, the method of the present invention can accurately measure the air exchange volume of a single space related to safety, especially when measuring the internal leakage of unfiltered air in the main control room of a nuclear power plant. In addition to obtaining accurate measurement results, it can also greatly shorten the unavailable time of the system and reduce the interference to the main control room.
实施例2Example 2
实施例一的步骤S1中，可以通过示踪气体恒量注入装置将示踪气体注入到与待测空间相连的进风风管内。示踪气体恒量注入装置的结构具体如下。In step S1 of the first embodiment, the tracer gas can be injected into the air inlet pipe connected to the space to be measured by the tracer gas constant injection device. The specific structure of the tracer gas constant injection device is as follows.
如图2所示，示踪气体恒量注入装置包括：第一气体钢瓶1、第二气体钢瓶2、三通阀3、稳压阀4、稳流阀5、第一针阀6、第二针阀7、第一质量流量计8、第二质量流量计9和第一多点注入装置10、第二多点注入装置11，其中，两个气体钢瓶分别与三通阀3的两个入口连接，三通阀3的出口与稳压阀4的入口连接，稳压阀4的出口与稳流阀5的入口连接，稳流阀5的出口分别连接两个针阀的入口，每个针阀的出口均连接一个质量流量计的入口，每个质量流量计的出口连接一个多点注入装置，两个多点注入装置均与风管连接；As shown in Figure 2, the tracer gas constant injection device includes: a first gas cylinder 1, a second gas cylinder 2, a three-way valve 3, a stabilizing valve 4, a steady flow valve 5, a first needle valve 6, a second needle Valve 7, first mass flow meter 8, second mass flow meter 9, first multi-point injection device 10, second multi-point injection device 11, wherein two gas cylinders are respectively connected to two inlets of three-way valve 3 , The outlet of the three-way valve 3 is connected with the inlet of the regulator valve 4, the outlet of the regulator valve 4 is connected with the inlet of the steady flow valve 5, and the outlet of the steady flow valve 5 is connected to the inlets of two needle valves, each needle valve The outlets of are connected to the inlet of a mass flow meter, the outlet of each mass flow meter is connected to a multi-point injection device, and the two multi-point injection devices are connected to the air pipe;
两个气体钢瓶内的示踪气体通过三通阀3选择释放后，依次经过稳压阀4稳定释放压力，经过稳流阀5调节控制释放量，通过两个针阀选择对应的注入位置并经对应的质量流量计获得流量读数，通过两个多点注入装置释放至风管内。After the tracer gas in the two gas cylinders is selected and released through the three-way valve 3, the pressure is stably released through the pressure stabilizing valve 4, and the release amount is adjusted and controlled through the steady flow valve 5. The corresponding injection position is selected through the two needle valves and The corresponding mass flow meter obtains the flow reading and is released into the air duct through two multi-point injection devices.
需要说明的是，在使用恒量注入法时，需要连续释放示踪气体至控制区域内，且示踪气体释放流量可读可控。示踪气体恒量注入装置必须能保证气体连续稳定地释放(流量偏差不得大于2％)，而且释放量可精细调节。不仅如此，整个系统也必须有高度的气密性。It should be noted that when using the constant injection method, it is necessary to continuously release the tracer gas into the control area, and the release flow rate of the tracer gas is readable and controllable. The tracer gas constant injection device must be able to ensure continuous and stable gas release (flow deviation should not be greater than 2%), and the release amount can be finely adjusted. Not only that, the entire system must also have a high degree of air tightness.
多点注入装置包括：一根总管和与该总管相连的一系列支管，每个支管上开设有第一预设数量的注入孔，用于在风管横截面上使注入的示踪气体形成均匀分布。The multi-point injection device includes: a main pipe and a series of branch pipes connected to the main pipe, and each branch pipe is provided with a first preset number of injection holes for uniformly forming the injected tracer gas on the cross section of the air pipe distributed.
步骤S3中，通过多点取样装置对待测空间进行气体取样。In step S3, gas sampling is performed on the space to be measured by a multi-point sampling device.
多点取样装置包括：一根总管和与该总管相连的一系列支管，每个支管上开设有第二预设数量的取样孔，用于在风管横截面上多点均匀采集样品。The multi-point sampling device includes: a main pipe and a series of branch pipes connected to the main pipe, each branch pipe is provided with a second preset number of sampling holes for uniformly collecting samples at multiple points on the cross section of the air pipe.
实施例3Example 3
在实施例一的步骤S5之后，还包括：After step S5 in the first embodiment, the method further includes:
S6、通过多点注入装置和多点取样装置对待测空间内的新风风量进行测量， 得到过滤新风量；S6. Measure the fresh air volume in the space to be measured through the multi-point injection device and the multi-point sampling device to obtain the filtered fresh air volume;
S7、将计算得到的待测空间的空气交换量减去过滤新风量，得到待测空间的无过滤空气量。S7. Subtract the filtered fresh air volume from the calculated air exchange volume of the space to be tested to obtain the unfiltered air volume of the space to be tested.
将计算得到的待测空间的空气交换量减去过滤新风量，得到核电厂主控室这一待测空间的无过滤空气量，此值即为进入核电厂主控室的无过滤空气量，其中含有未经高效过滤器和碘吸附器过滤吸附处理的事故工况下的放射性，是关系到主控室人员辐射安全的关键参数。Subtract the filtered fresh air volume from the calculated air exchange volume in the space to be measured to obtain the unfiltered air volume in the main control room of the nuclear power plant. This value is the volume of unfiltered air entering the main control room of the nuclear power plant. It contains radioactivity under accident conditions that have not been filtered and adsorbed by high-efficiency filters and iodine adsorbers, which is a key parameter related to the radiation safety of the main control room personnel.
本发明也可应用于受到安全关注的非核设施的民用空间内空气交换量的测量。The present invention can also be applied to the measurement of the air exchange volume in the civil space of non-nuclear facilities that have received safety concerns.
实施例4Example 4
下面对本发明提供的一种空气交换量的测量系统进行详细描述。The following describes in detail an air exchange volume measurement system provided by the present invention.
如图3所示，一种空气交换量的测量系统，包括：As shown in Figure 3, an air exchange volume measurement system includes:
注入模块，用于通过恒量注入法将示踪气体注入到待测空间内；The injection module is used to inject the tracer gas into the space to be measured by the constant injection method;
测量模块，用于对待测空间内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量，根据浓度确定待测空间内的示踪气体与待测空间内的空气是否混合均匀；The measurement module is used to measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and determine whether the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed according to the concentration;
取样模块，用于在确定待测空间内的示踪气体与待测空间内的空气混合均匀后，对待测空间进行气体取样并记录取样时刻，对取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量；The sampling module is used to sample the space to be measured and record the sampling time after determining that the tracer gas in the space to be measured is evenly mixed with the air in the space to be measured, and to measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the sampled gas;
拟合模块，用于将取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度与取样时刻的对应关系进行函数拟合，得到拟合函数；The fitting module is used to perform function fitting on the corresponding relationship between the concentration of the tracer gas in the sampling gas and the sampling time to obtain a fitting function;
计算模块，用于根据拟合函数和待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量，计算得到待测空间的空气交换量。The calculation module is used to calculate the air exchange volume of the space to be measured according to the fitting function and the injection volume of the tracer gas in the space to be measured.
计算模块具体采用以下任一方式计算得到待测空间的空气交换量：The calculation module specifically uses any of the following methods to calculate the air exchange volume in the space to be measured:
将待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量代入拟合函数，计算得到待测空间的空 气交换量；Substitute the injection volume of the tracer gas in the space to be measured into the fitting function, and calculate the air exchange volume in the space to be measured;
对拟合函数求极限值，得到待测空间内的示踪气体的极限浓度，根据极限浓度和待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量计算得到待测空间的空气交换量。Calculate the limit value of the fitting function to obtain the limit concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and calculate the air exchange volume of the space to be measured according to the limit concentration and the injection volume of the tracer gas in the space to be measured.
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In this way, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
- 一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for measuring air exchange capacity, characterized in that it comprises:S1、通过恒量注入法将示踪气体注入到待测空间内；S1. Inject the tracer gas into the space to be measured by the constant injection method;S2、对所述待测空间内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量，根据所述浓度确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气是否混合均匀；S2. Measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and determine whether the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed according to the concentration;S3、在确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气混合均匀后，对所述待测空间进行气体取样并记录取样时刻，对取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量；S3. After determining that the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed, take a gas sampling of the space to be measured and record the sampling time. Concentration is measured;S4、将所述取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度与取样时刻的对应关系进行函数拟合，得到拟合函数；S4. Perform function fitting on the corresponding relationship between the concentration of the tracer gas in the sampling gas and the sampling time to obtain a fitting function;S5、根据所述拟合函数和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。S5. Calculate the air exchange volume of the space to be measured according to the fitting function and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中，采用以下任一方式计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量：The method for measuring air exchange volume according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the air exchange volume of the space to be measured is calculated by any of the following methods:将所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量代入所述拟合函数，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量；Substituting the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured into the fitting function, and calculating the air exchange amount in the space to be measured;对所述拟合函数求极限值，得到所述待测空间内的示踪气体的极限浓度，根据所述极限浓度和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。Calculate the limit value of the fitting function to obtain the limit concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and calculate the limit value of the tracer gas in the space to be measured according to the limit concentration and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured The amount of air exchange in the space.
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，步骤S1中，通过示踪气体恒量注入装置将示踪气体注入到与待测空间相连的进风风管内。The method for measuring the amount of air exchange according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the tracer gas is injected into the air inlet pipe connected to the space to be measured through the tracer gas constant injection device.
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，所述示踪气体恒量注入装置包括：两个气体钢瓶、三通阀、稳压阀、稳流阀、两个针阀、两个质量流量计和两个多点注入装置，其中，所述两个气体钢瓶分别与所述三通阀的两个入口连接，所述三通阀的出口与所述稳压阀的入口连接，所述稳压阀的出口与所述稳流阀的入口连接，所述稳流阀的出口分别连接所述两个针阀的入口，每个针阀的出口均连接一个质量流量计的入口，每个质量流量计的出口连接一个多点注入装置，所述两个多点注入装置均与所述风管连接；The method for measuring the amount of air exchange according to claim 3, wherein the tracer gas constant injection device comprises: two gas cylinders, a three-way valve, a stabilizing valve, a steady flow valve, and two needles Valve, two mass flow meters and two multi-point injection devices, wherein the two gas cylinders are respectively connected to the two inlets of the three-way valve, and the outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the pressure stabilizing valve Inlet connection, the outlet of the stabilizing valve is connected to the inlet of the steady flow valve, the outlet of the steady flow valve is respectively connected to the inlets of the two needle valves, and the outlet of each needle valve is connected to a mass flow meter The outlet of each mass flow meter is connected with a multi-point injection device, and the two multi-point injection devices are both connected with the air pipe;所述两个气体钢瓶内的示踪气体通过所述三通阀选择释放后，依次经过所述稳压阀稳定释放压力，经过所述稳流阀调节控制释放量，通过所述两个针阀选择对应的注入位置并经对应的质量流量计获得流量读数，通过所述两个多点注入装置释放至所述风管内。After the tracer gas in the two gas cylinders is selectively released through the three-way valve, the pressure is stabilized through the pressure stabilizing valve, the release amount is adjusted and controlled through the steady flow valve, and the two needle valves are passed through The corresponding injection position is selected and the flow reading is obtained through the corresponding mass flow meter, and is released into the air duct through the two multi-point injection devices.
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，所述多点注入装置包括：一根总管和与该总管相连的一系列支管，每个支管上开设有第一预设数量的注入孔，用于在所述风管横截面上使注入的示踪气体形成均匀分布。The method for measuring the amount of air exchange according to claim 4, wherein the multi-point injection device comprises: a main pipe and a series of branch pipes connected to the main pipe, each branch pipe is provided with a first preset A number of injection holes are provided for uniform distribution of the injected tracer gas on the cross section of the wind pipe.
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，步骤S3中，通过多点取样装置对所述待测空间进行气体取样。The method for measuring the amount of air exchange according to claim 5, wherein in step S3, gas sampling is performed on the space to be measured by a multi-point sampling device.
- 根据权利要求6所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，所述多点取样装置包括：一根总管和与该总管相连的一系列支管，每个支管上开设有第二预设数量的取样孔，用于在所述风管横截面上多点均匀采集样品。The method for measuring the amount of air exchange according to claim 6, wherein the multi-point sampling device comprises: a main pipe and a series of branch pipes connected to the main pipe, each branch pipe is provided with a second preset A number of sampling holes are provided for uniformly collecting samples at multiple points on the cross section of the air duct.
- 根据权利要求7所述的一种空气交换量的测量方法，其特征在于，步骤S5之后，还包括：The method for measuring air exchange volume according to claim 7, characterized in that, after step S5, it further comprises:S6、通过所述多点注入装置和所述多点取样装置对所述待测空间内的新风风量进行测量，得到过滤新风量；S6. Measure the fresh air volume in the space to be measured through the multi-point injection device and the multi-point sampling device to obtain the filtered fresh air volume;S7、将计算得到的所述待测空间的空气交换量减去所述过滤新风量，得到所述待测空间的无过滤空气量。S7. Subtract the filtered fresh air volume from the calculated air exchange volume of the space to be measured to obtain the unfiltered air volume of the space to be measured.
- 一种空气交换量的测量系统，其特征在于，包括：An air exchange volume measurement system, characterized in that it comprises:注入模块，用于通过恒量注入法将示踪气体注入到待测空间内；The injection module is used to inject the tracer gas into the space to be measured by the constant injection method;测量模块，用于对所述待测空间内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量，根据所述浓度确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气是否混合均匀；The measurement module is configured to measure the concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and determine whether the tracer gas in the space to be measured and the air in the space to be measured are evenly mixed according to the concentration;取样模块，用于在确定所述待测空间内的示踪气体与所述待测空间内的空气混合均匀后，对所述待测空间进行气体取样并记录取样时刻，对取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度进行测量；The sampling module is used to sample the gas in the space to be tested and record the sampling time after determining that the tracer gas in the space to be tested is evenly mixed with the air in the space to be tested, and to check the indications in the sampled gas Measure the concentration of trace gas;拟合模块，用于将所述取样气体内的示踪气体的浓度与取样时刻的对应关系进行函数拟合，得到拟合函数；The fitting module is used to perform function fitting on the corresponding relationship between the concentration of the tracer gas in the sampling gas and the sampling time to obtain a fitting function;计算模块，用于根据所述拟合函数和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。The calculation module is used to calculate the air exchange volume of the space to be measured according to the fitting function and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured.
- 根据权利要求9所述的一种空气交换量的测量系统，其特征在于，所述计算模块具体采用以下任一方式计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量：The air exchange volume measurement system according to claim 9, wherein the calculation module specifically uses any of the following methods to calculate the air exchange volume in the space to be measured:将所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量代入所述拟合函数，计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量；Substituting the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured into the fitting function, and calculating the air exchange amount in the space to be measured;对所述拟合函数求极限值，得到所述待测空间内的示踪气体的极限浓 度，根据所述极限浓度和所述待测空间内的示踪气体的注入量计算得到所述待测空间的空气交换量。Calculate the limit value of the fitting function to obtain the limit concentration of the tracer gas in the space to be measured, and calculate the limit value of the tracer gas in the space to be measured according to the limit concentration and the injection amount of the tracer gas in the space to be measured The amount of air exchange in the space.
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| JP (1) | JP7236561B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN110057416B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020192061A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113358174A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 国核电站运行服务技术有限公司 | Space free volume measuring method |
| CN114295300A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-04-08 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | System and method for measuring free volume and internal leakage of habitability area of nuclear power station main control room |
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| CN110057416B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-12-18 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Method and system for measuring air exchange capacity |
| CN111307393B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-02-11 | 华东建筑设计研究院有限公司 | Method for testing permeable wind on site |
| CN113551736A (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2021-10-26 | 中煤科工集团淮北爆破技术研究院有限公司 | Volume calibration device and method for ultra-large irregular container |
| CN113639791B (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2023-07-14 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Leak quantity measurement test device in multizone space |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP7236561B2 (en) | 2023-03-09 |
| CN110057416A (en) | 2019-07-26 |
| JP2022530611A (en) | 2022-06-30 |
| CN110057416B (en) | 2020-12-18 |
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