CN102253185A - Detection device and method for tracer gas of air exchange rate between clothes under-clothing space and external environment - Google Patents
Detection device and method for tracer gas of air exchange rate between clothes under-clothing space and external environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a detection device and a method for tracer gas of an air exchange rate between a clothes under-clothing space and external environment; the detection device comprises a tracer gas releasing system and an under-clothing air collecting analysis system; the tracer gas releasing system comprises a nitrogen cylinder, a gas flowmeter, and a first PVC plastic pipe which are connected in turn; the under-clothing air collecting analysis system comprises a second PVC plastic pipe and a portable gas detector which are connected with each other. Nitrogen is introduced into a clothes under-clothing space through a gas transmission pipe; the gas detector is turned on to collect and analyze the oxygen concentration of the clothes under-clothing space; when the oxygen concentration is lower than 10-15%, the introduction of nitrogen is stopped, and the concentration changing process of which the oxygen concentration of the clothes under-clothing space recovers from 10-15% to a normal atmosphere level is recorded. The detection device can realize the quantified characterization of the air exchange rate between the clothes under-clothing space and external environment, and the device is simple and sensitive, can complete the detection rapidly within only several minutes, and has accurate detection results and strong repeatability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the garment technology field, particularly relate under a kind of clothes clothing and the tracer gas measurement mechanism and the method thereof of air exchange rate between the external environment.
Background technology
Thermal comfort is a most important function during human body requires the clothes all functions.According to Fanger (1970) thermal balance equation, have only when human body produces heat and scatter and disappear by sensible heat and latent heat approach, dressing person just can be in the thermal comfort state.The heat leakage approach master of dressing human body has three kinds of forms: (1) sensible heat directly by clothes to the external environment transmission, heat dissipation capacity depends on spatial joint clearance size under clothes layers of material thickness and the innermost layer clothes clothing; (2) sensible heat is delivered to earlier under the clothing in the space (being the space between skin and the outermost layer clothes), and then by clothes to the external environment transmission; (3) latent heat is delivered under the clothing in the space with the form of sweat evaporation, and then in the same manner to the external environment transmission.The two kinds of heat radiation approach in back all depend under the clothing between the space and external environment whether sufficient gas exchange is arranged.When lacking exchange between the air under outside air and the clothing, the water vapour of human sweat's evaporation will be accumulated in space under the clothing, and human body will produce hotness; When the exchange air-flow was excessive between the air under outside air and the clothing, human body sensible heat heat dissipation capacity increased, and human body will produce creeping chill.Therefore, when having only the airshed in space under entering the clothes clothing that sensible heat that human body produces and latent heat are are all scattered and disappeared, human body just can reach the thermal comfort balance.Air exchange rate under the clothes clothing between space and the external environment just becomes the important indicator of decision thermal comfort.
The factor that influences the air exchange rate between the space and external environment under the clothes clothing mainly contains: dress materials gas penetration potential, clothes fashion structural design, external environment wind speed and dressing person's condition etc.With regard to clothes, the gas penetration potential of dress materials is principal elements of air exchange rate between space and the external environment under the decision clothes clothing.But for some function protective clothes (as adopting the waterproof garment of airtight lining), have only by could realizing the exchange between the air and outside air under the clothing carrying out suitable design on the clothes fashion structure, as on clothes, increasing the open design that can allow circulation of air etc.But how to evaluate and select can promote the optimal design of circulation of air to depend on to a great extent whether can realize to the clothes clothing down and the air exchange rate between the external environment directly measure, obtain quantizing characteristic index, thereby provide foundation for the design of the function of protective clothes.
Some testing tools only can be tested the permeability of dress materials at present, and still do not have suitable instrument can directly carry out quantitative determination for the air exchange rate between space and the external environment under the clothes clothing under the dressing state.If adopt indirect physiology method of testing, need cost plenty of time and expense usually, increased the protective clothes cost of development.Therefore, design and develop a kind of novel test apparatus, realize the simple fast air exchange rate between the space under external environment and the clothing of measuring, whole or local permeability and difference in functionality design effect are estimated to clothes, be widely used in designing and developing of all kinds clothes, for the research and development and the evaluation of individual protection clothes, will play good support effect especially.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention provides under a kind of clothes clothing the tracer gas measurement mechanism and the method for air exchange rate between the space and external environment, this device can be measured the air exchange rate between the space and external environment under the clothes clothing, the realization quantization table is conquered the whole or local permeability of dress, only the dress materials permeability is tested to fill up in the existing testing tool, can not satisfy under dressing state, factors such as comprehensive dress materials and clothes fashion design to clothes whole or local permeability and function design effect carry out the requirement of quantitatively evaluating.This device is simple, sensitive, and test only can be finished with several minutes fast, and measurement result is accurate, repeatable strong.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: provide under a kind of clothes clothing and the tracer gas measurement mechanism of air exchange rate between the external environment, comprise air acquisition analysis system under tracer gas delivery system and the clothing, described tracer gas delivery system is made up of the nitrogen cylinder, gas meter and the PVC plastic tube that link to each other successively; The air acquisition analysis system is made up of interconnective the 2nd PVC plastic tube and portable gas detector under the described clothing.
Described nitrogen cylinder and gas meter are to link together for the 8mmPVC plastic tube by an internal diameter, and a gas meter and a PVC plastic tube are to be that 8mmPVC plastic tube and changeover valve link together by an internal diameter.
Described nitrogen cylinder volume is 40l, and nitrogen gas concn is 99.99%, and interface adds joins 352X-80 type single stage type high pressure air reducing device.
Described gas flow is counted model LZB-10WB glass rotameter, and maximum range is 45l/min.
A described PVC plastic tube is to be 8mm by 2～6 internal diameters, and length is that the PVC plastic tube of 1m is formed, every plastic tube endcapped, and boring double diameter on the plastic tube is the venthole of 2mm, the venthole spacing is 2cm.
The nitrogen flow of described tracer gas delivery system is 30l/min.
A described PVC plastic tube is fixed on human body or dummy's forward and backward trunk, upper limbs or lower limb position skin surface or the underwear with adhesive tape.
Described the 2nd PVC plastic tube and portable gas detector are to link together for the 4mmPVC plastic tube by changeover valve and an internal diameter.
Described the 2nd PVC plastic tube is to be 4mm by 1～4 internal diameter, and length is that the PVC plastic tube of 1m is formed, and every plastic tube is end openings only.
Described portable gas detector model is PGM-1600, and the electrochemical sensor that detects oxygen is installed, and internal pump is bled; Sensing range is 0～30%VOL, and precision is 0.1%VOL, and aspiration pump speed is 0.3l/min.
Described the 2nd PVC plastic tube is fixed on human body or dummy's chest, back, arm or shank position skin surface with adhesive tape.
A kind of clothes clothing comprises the following steps: down and the method that the tracer gas of air exchange rate is measured between the external environment
(1) wearing the experiment clothes by human body or dummy keeps static state to stand, the PVC plastic tube that 2～6 gas transmissions are used is separately fixed at adhesive tape on human body or dummy's front and back trunk, upper limbs or lower limb position skin surface or the underwear, can select the right quantity gas piping according to measuring types of garments; Gather the 2nd PVC plastic tube that gas uses with 1～4 and be fixed on human body or dummy's chest, back, arm or thigh position skin surface, can select right quantity collection tube and measuring point according to measuring the whole or local permeability of clothes with adhesive tape;
(2) open the nitrogen cylinder operation valve, import nitrogen down to the clothes clothing, air oxygen concentration under each position, space or the local clothing under the unlatching portable gas detector collection analysis clothes clothing with the 30l/min flow;
(3) when airborne oxygen concentration is lower than 10～15% under the clothes clothing, close the nitrogen operation valve, stop to import nitrogen;
(4) human body or dummy can keep static state to stand maybe can moving, and external environment also can be different wind speed states, and the portable gas detector continuous collecting is analyzed oxygen concentration under the clothes clothing, and oxygen concentration returns to the normal atmosphere level under the clothes clothing;
(5) space oxygen concentration data plot under the time of drawing out-clothes clothing, find oxygen concentration zone release time, be oxygen concentration by 10～15% zones that return to normal atmosphere level 20.9%, calculate the clothes clothing down and the air exchange rate between the external environment according to following formula in the zone between at this moment: P (t)=P
0-P
1(Rt) wherein: P (t) is a t oxygen concentration constantly to exp, P
0Be final oxygen concentration 20.9%, P
1P when being t=0
0-P's (t) is poor, and R is this exponential function decline coefficient, in order to characterize clothes clothing air exchange rate down and between the external environment, the min of unit
-1
Beneficial effect
The present invention can be to measuring the air exchange rate between space and the external environment under the clothes clothing under the dressing state, fill up the blank of only the dress materials permeability being tested in the existing testing tool, the realization quantization table is conquered the whole or local permeability of dress, the comprehensive evaluation dress materials, the clothes fashion design, multiple factors such as ambient wind velocity and dressing person's condition are to the influence of air exchange rate between space and the external environment under the clothes clothing, help to determine the cloth part that needs to be optimized, for all kinds clothes design and develop and clothing function design provides foundation, satisfy the requirement of dressing comfortableness.
Tracer gas experimental provision provided by the invention is simple, sensitive, test only can be finished with several minutes fast, experimental facilities is light, be convenient to very much operation, measurement result is accurate, repeatable strong, can be widely used on the spot under scene or the laboratory simulation environment to dissimilar clothes whole or local permeability and measure, and design is estimated to the clothes difference in functionality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a tracer gas delivery system gas transmission PVC plastic tube organigram of the present invention.
Air acquisition analysis system typical case oxygen concentration change curve synoptic diagram under Fig. 3 clothing of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the present invention antifreezing protection clothes clothes integrated air exchange rate data analysis figure under different wind speed.
Fig. 5 is the local clothes air exchange of vapor-permeable type motion T-shirt of the present invention rate data analysis figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in and limit the scope of the invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, be the synoptic diagram of a kind of clothes clothing provided by the invention tracer gas measurement mechanism of air exchange rate down and between the external environment.Choose three antifreezing protection clothes as the experiment clothes, dress materials and style feature description are as follows:
A. freezer insulated cold wear---lining: 100% nylon+PU coating, filling material 100% dacron cotton;
Style: dress separates up and down, and is more fit, the cap neck, and all tighten cuff pin oral area position.
B. cotton-padded covering is adorned---lining: 100% cotton, filling material 100% cotton-wool;
Style: dress separates up and down, and is loose, and lapel, bottom cuff pin mouth all open wide.
C. frock---lining: 100% cotton, filling material 100% cotton-wool
Style: the single-piece overcoat, loose, length is crossed knee, and bottom cuff pin mouth all opens wide.
The experimental situation condition: phytotron, 20 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 50%, wind speed is 0.2m/s (calm), wind speed 0.9m/s, wind speed 1.5m/s and four kinds of states of wind speed 2.2m/s.
Experimentation: the experimenter wears the experiment clothes and keeps static state to stand, tracer gas delivery system I six roots of sensation gas piping is the front and back trunk that a PVC plastic tube 3 is separately fixed at the internal layer clothes, positions such as left and right sides arm and left and right sides thigh, four collection tubes of air acquisition analysis system II are that the 2nd PVC plastic tube 4 is separately fixed at human chest under the clothing, the back, upper arm and thigh skin surface, open nitrogen cylinder 1 operation valve, import nitrogen with the 30l/min flow down to the clothes clothing, open the oxygen concentration at 4 positions, space under the portable gas detector 5 collection analysis clothes clothing simultaneously, when being lower than 10%, oxygen concentration closes the nitrogen operation valve, stop to import nitrogen, the experimenter keeps static state to stand, the external environment wind speed is respectively calm, wind speed 1m/s, four kinds of states of wind speed 2m/s and wind speed 3m/s, portable gas detector 5 continuous collecting are analyzed oxygen concentration under the clothes clothing, and oxygen concentration returns to the normal atmosphere level under the clothes clothing.
Experiment conclusion: calculate clothes integrated air exchange rate respectively as shown in Figure 4 according to formula, estimate influence and the difference of different wind speed to clothes integrated air exchange rate.
Under the windless condition, different style antifreezing protection clothes air exchange rates are all lower, show that the permeability of three antifreezing protection clothes under windless condition is all relatively poor, and thermal property is better; When ambient wind velocity increases to 0.9m/s, the air exchange rate of all protective clothings all significantly increases, wherein the air exchange rate of B money protective clothing changes maximum, show that B money protective clothing permeability strengthens under the wind speed effect, clothing heat insulation can descend, this mainly is because this protective clothing is looser, and the spatial joint clearance amount is bigger under the clothing, thereby cross-ventilation under the clothing is strengthened cause; And the variation of the air exchange rate of C money protective clothing is less, and this mainly is because these clothes are more thick and heavy, thereby wind speed is not very remarkable to air influence under the clothing; Along with ambient wind velocity further increases, all clothes air exchange rates all increase, but amplitude of variation eases up, show that the air exchange rate between clothes and the external environment is not with the non-linear growth that is of ambient wind velocity, but be the exponential function rising tendency, wherein the air exchange rate of C money protective clothing enlarges markedly when wind speed 1.5m/s, shows for this protective clothing just air state under the clothing to be produced appreciable impact when this wind friction velocity.
By this instance analysis as can be known, the tracer gas experimental method can quantize test and appraisal to the air exchange rate of protective clothes under the different wind speed, realize the influence rule of comparative analysis wind speed to the clothes permeability, simultaneously by this experimental technique also can test and assess the different structure feature to the clothes overall air permeability can differentiation influence.Experimental result has higher repeatability and accuracy.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, be the synoptic diagram of a kind of clothes clothing provided by the invention tracer gas measurement mechanism of air exchange rate down and between the external environment.Choose eight sections of motion T-shirts as the experiment clothes, dress materials and style feature description are as follows:
Dress materials are the two-sided rib-loop of 100% terylene mesh, and style is characterised in that the neckline of T-shirt is different with bottom size, specifically describe as follows:
A. bottom T-shirt in the middle neckline (standard T-shirt I0)---the big 56cm of neckline; The big 102cm of the bottom
B. the tight tight bottom T-shirt of neckline (I1)---the big 40cm of neckline; The big 75cm of the bottom
C. bottom T-shirt (I2)---the big 40cm of neckline in the tight neckline; The big 102cm of the bottom
D. the tight big bottom T-shirt of neckline (I3)---the big 40cm of neckline; The big 146cm of the bottom
E. the big bottom T-shirt of middle neckline (I4)---the big 56cm of neckline; The big 146cm of the bottom
F. the tight bottom T-shirt of middle neckline (I5)---the big 56cm of neckline; The big 75cm of the bottom
G. the big bottom T-shirt of big neckline (I6)---the big 78cm of neckline; The big 146cm of the bottom
H. the tight bottom T-shirt of big neckline (I7)---the big 78cm of neckline; The big 75cm of the bottom
Experimental situation condition: phytotron, 20 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 50%, wind speed 0.9m/s.
Experimentation: the experimenter wears the experiment clothes and keeps static state to stand, and two gas pipings of a tracer gas delivery system I i.e. PVC plastic tube 3 are fixed on human body front and back trunk skin surface, air acquisition analysis system II under the clothing; Two collection tubes are that the 2nd PVC plastic tube 4 is fixed on human chest and back, each connects 1 portable gas detector 5, open nitrogen cylinder 1 operation valve, import nitrogen with the 30l/min flow down to the clothes clothing, open the oxygen concentration at 2 positions, space under the portable gas detector 5 difference collection analysis clothes clothing simultaneously, when being lower than 15%, oxygen concentration closes the nitrogen operation valve, stop to import nitrogen, the experimenter keeps static state to stand, portable gas detector 5 continuous collecting are analyzed oxygen concentration under the clothes clothing, and oxygen concentration returns to the normal atmosphere level under the clothes clothing.
Experiment conclusion: calculate clothes integrated air exchange rate respectively as shown in Figure 5 according to formula, estimate different style structures to influence and difference to clothes local air exchange rate.
Under wind speed 0.9m/s, every T-shirt is tested three times in the air exchange rate at chest and low back position, Fig. 5 is shown as measured value three times.Conclusion shows: chest air exchange rate has significant difference between the T-shirt that neckline varies in size, the neckline greatly air exchange rate of the T-shirt of 40cm significantly is lower than other two kinds of necklines size T-shirts, and lower air exchange rate shows that fully the neckline state of tightening has seriously limited the circulation of air between the space and external environment under the clothes clothing; Simultaneously, when the neckline size was identical, the relative air exchange rate of the T-shirt that the bottom is more little was low more, embodies the influence of bottom size to the air exchange rate; Waist air exchange rate presents the Changing Pattern for the chest basically identical, but the difference between different neckline and the bottom T-shirt is less; Generally, the air exchange rate of chest illustrates that greater than the low back position neckline size variation is more remarkable for the influence of clothes air exchange rate, is the keypoint part of clothing function design.
By this instance analysis as can be known, the tracer gas experimental method can be estimated the air exchange rate of vapor-permeable type clothes, the permeability difference of the clothes different structure feature of can testing and assessing.Experimental result has higher repeatability and accuracy.
Claims (12)
1. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of clothes clothing air exchange rate down and between the external environment, comprise air acquisition analysis system (II) under tracer gas delivery system (I) and the clothing, it is characterized in that: described tracer gas delivery system (I) is made up of the nitrogen cylinder (1), gas meter (2) and the PVC plastic tube (3) that link to each other successively; Air acquisition analysis system (II) is made up of interconnective the 2nd PVC plastic tube (4) and portable gas detector (5) under the described clothing.
2. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: described nitrogen cylinder (1) and gas meter (2) are to link together for the 8mmPVC plastic tube by an internal diameter, and gas meter (2) and a PVC plastic tube (3) are to be that 8mmPVC plastic tube and changeover valve link together by an internal diameter.
3. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 and 2 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: described nitrogen cylinder (1) volume is 40l, nitrogen gas concn is 99.99%, and interface adds joins 352X-80 type single stage type high pressure air reducing device.
4. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 and 2 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: described gas meter (2) is a model LZB-10WB glass rotameter, maximum range is 45l/min.
5. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 and 2 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: a described PVC plastic tube (3) is to be 8mm by 2～6 internal diameters, length is that the PVC plastic tube of 1m is formed, every plastic tube endcapped, boring double diameter on the plastic tube is the venthole of 2mm, and the pore spacing is 2cm.
6. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: the nitrogen flow of described tracer gas delivery system (I) is 30l/min.
7. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: a described PVC plastic tube (3) is fixed on human body or dummy's (6) forward and backward trunk, upper limbs or lower limb position skin surface or the underwear with adhesive tape.
8. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: described the 2nd PVC plastic tube (4) is to link together for the 4mmPVC plastic tube by changeover valve and an internal diameter with portable gas detector (5).
9. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: described the 2nd PVC plastic tube (4) is to be 4mm by 1～4 internal diameter, length is that the PVC plastic tube of 1m is formed, and every plastic tube is end openings only.
10. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: described portable gas detector (5) model is PGM-1600, the electrochemical sensor that detects oxygen is installed, and internal pump is bled; Sensing range is 0～30%VOL, and precision is 0.1%VOL, and aspiration pump speed is 0.3l/min.
11. the tracer gas measurement mechanism of a kind of clothes clothing according to claim 1 air exchange rate down and between the external environment, it is characterized in that: described the 2nd PVC plastic tube (4) is fixed on human body or dummy's (6) chest, back, arm or shank position skin surface with adhesive tape.
12. one kind is used under the described a kind of clothes clothing of claim 1 and the method for the tracer gas measurement mechanism of air exchange rate between the external environment, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) keep static state to stand by human body or dummy (6) dress experiment clothes, the PVC plastic tube (3) that 2～6 gas transmissions are used is separately fixed at adhesive tape on human body or dummy's (6) front and back trunk, upper limbs or lower limb position skin surface or the underwear, can select the right quantity gas piping according to measuring types of garments; Gather the 2nd PVC plastic tube (4) that gas uses with 1～4 and be fixed on human body or dummy's (6) chest, back, arm or thigh position skin surface, can select right quantity and measuring point according to measuring the whole or local permeability of clothes with adhesive tape;
(2) open nitrogen cylinder (1) operation valve, import nitrogen down to the clothes clothing, air oxygen concentration under each position, space or the local clothing under unlatching portable gas detector (5) the collection analysis clothes clothing with the 30l/min flow;
(3) when airborne oxygen concentration is lower than 10～15% under the clothes clothing, close the nitrogen operation valve, stop to import nitrogen;
(4) human body or dummy (6) can keep static state to stand maybe can moving, external environment also can be different wind speed states, portable gas detector (5) continuous collecting is analyzed oxygen concentration under the clothes clothing, and oxygen concentration returns to the normal atmosphere level under the clothes clothing;
(5) space oxygen concentration data plot under the time of drawing out-clothes clothing, find oxygen concentration zone release time, be oxygen concentration by 10～15% zones that return to normal atmosphere level 20.9%, calculate the clothes clothing down and the air exchange rate between the external environment according to following formula in the zone between at this moment: P (t)=P
0-P
1(Rt) wherein: P (t) is a t oxygen concentration constantly to exp, P
0Be final oxygen concentration 20.9%, P
1P when being t=0
0-P's (t) is poor, and R is this exponential function decline coefficient, in order to characterize clothes clothing air exchange rate down and between the external environment, the min of unit
-1
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110057416A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-26 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of measurement method and system of air exchange amount |
| CN115561140A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-03 | 宁波得立丰服饰有限公司 | Clothing air permeability detection method and system, storage medium and intelligent terminal |
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| CN1844920A (en) * | 2006-04-25 | 2006-10-11 | 东华大学 | Adjustable simulative tester for microclimate composition in space under clothes |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110057416A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-07-26 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | A kind of measurement method and system of air exchange amount |
| WO2020192061A1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Method and system for measuring air exchange amount |
| CN110057416B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-12-18 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Method and system for measuring air exchange capacity |
| CN115561140A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-01-03 | 宁波得立丰服饰有限公司 | Clothing air permeability detection method and system, storage medium and intelligent terminal |
| CN115561140B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2023-08-04 | 宁波得立丰服饰有限公司 | Clothing air permeability detection method, system, storage medium and intelligent terminal |
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Application publication date: 20111123 |