WO2020186460A1 - 电容器及其制作方法 - Google Patents

电容器及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020186460A1
WO2020186460A1 PCT/CN2019/078758 CN2019078758W WO2020186460A1 WO 2020186460 A1 WO2020186460 A1 WO 2020186460A1 CN 2019078758 W CN2019078758 W CN 2019078758W WO 2020186460 A1 WO2020186460 A1 WO 2020186460A1
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Prior art keywords
electrode
layer
conductive
trench
conductive layer
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PCT/CN2019/078758
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆斌
沈健
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深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP19919540.5A priority Critical patent/EP3758062A4/en
Priority to PCT/CN2019/078758 priority patent/WO2020186460A1/zh
Priority to CN201980000339.2A priority patent/CN111971791B/zh
Priority to US17/024,257 priority patent/US11615921B2/en
Publication of WO2020186460A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020186460A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L28/00Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L28/40Capacitors
    • H01L28/60Electrodes
    • H01L28/82Electrodes with an enlarged surface, e.g. formed by texturisation
    • H01L28/90Electrodes with an enlarged surface, e.g. formed by texturisation having vertical extensions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/35Feed-through capacitors or anti-noise capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002Details
    • H01G4/005Electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/70Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/71Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
    • H01L21/768Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/52Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
    • H01L23/522Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L27/00Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
    • H01L27/02Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers
    • H01L27/04Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body
    • H01L27/08Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including only semiconductor components of a single kind
    • H01L27/0805Capacitors only
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L28/00Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L28/40Capacitors
    • H01L28/60Electrodes
    • H01L28/65Electrodes comprising a noble metal or a noble metal oxide, e.g. platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), ruthenium dioxide (RuO2), iridium (Ir), iridium dioxide (IrO2)
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L28/00Passive two-terminal components without a potential-jump or surface barrier for integrated circuits; Details thereof; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L28/40Capacitors
    • H01L28/60Electrodes
    • H01L28/75Electrodes comprising two or more layers, e.g. comprising a barrier layer and a metal layer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66007Multistep manufacturing processes
    • H01L29/66075Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials
    • H01L29/66083Multistep manufacturing processes of devices having semiconductor bodies comprising group 14 or group 13/15 materials the devices being controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied or the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched, e.g. two-terminal devices
    • H01L29/66181Conductor-insulator-semiconductor capacitors, e.g. trench capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L29/00Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/66Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
    • H01L29/86Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable only by variation of the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to one or more of the electrodes carrying the current to be rectified, amplified, oscillated or switched
    • H01L29/92Capacitors having potential barriers
    • H01L29/94Metal-insulator-semiconductors, e.g. MOS
    • H01L29/945Trench capacitors

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of capacitors, and more specifically, to capacitors and methods of making them.
  • Capacitors can play the role of bypassing, filtering, decoupling, etc. in the circuit, and are an indispensable part of ensuring the normal operation of the circuit.
  • the existing capacitor manufacturing technology has been unable to meet the diverse needs of various high-end applications.
  • the present application provides a capacitor and a manufacturing method thereof, which can optimize the performance of the capacitor and increase the capacitance density of the capacitor.
  • a capacitor which includes:
  • the first trench is disposed on the substrate and enters the substrate downward from the upper surface;
  • the first electrode is electrically connected to all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layered conductive layer;
  • the second electrode is electrically connected to all even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer.
  • the order of the m-layer dielectric layer may be: in the trench, the distance from the substrate is ascending or descending.
  • the sequence of the n-layer conductive layer can also be: in the trench, the distance from the substrate is ascending or descending.
  • the order of the m-layer dielectric layer and the n-layer conductive layer in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the order of the distance from the substrate in the trench from small to large as an example.
  • each conductive layer directly contacts the dielectric layer through the high work function conductive material included therein.
  • each conductive layer in the n-layer conductive layer further includes at least one of the following:
  • the capacitor further includes:
  • the third electrode and the first electrode are different electrodes, and the fourth electrode and the second electrode are also different electrodes.
  • a first electrode and a second electrode are prepared, the first electrode is electrically connected to all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer, and the second electrode is electrically connected to all even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer.
  • each conductive layer directly contacts the dielectric layer through the high work function conductive material included therein.
  • the preparing a laminated structure above the substrate and in the first trench includes:
  • the method also includes:
  • An interconnection structure is prepared so that all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer are electrically connected to the first electrode, and/or all even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer are electrically connected to the second electrode.
  • An electrode layer is prepared over the laminated structure and the substrate, and the electrode layer includes a first conductive region and a second conductive region that are separated from each other, the first conductive region forms the first electrode, and the second conductive region forms The second electrode.
  • a second electrode is prepared above the laminated structure and the substrate.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of still another capacitor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • 5a to 5n are schematic diagrams of a manufacturing method of a capacitor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • capacitors in the embodiments of the present application can perform functions such as bypassing, filtering, and decoupling in the circuit.
  • 3D silicon capacitors draw on the concept of multi-layer nesting in DRAM manufacturing, alternately deposit conductor and insulator materials on the surface of the 3D structure to make a structure of multiple capacitors stacked vertically, and then use different types on the front of the silicon substrate.
  • the connection method connects all capacitors in parallel, and finally forms a capacitor with a large capacitance.
  • the current capacitance density of wafer-level 3D capacitors is still limited.
  • the current wafer-level 3D capacitors generally use heavily doped silicon as the capacitor plate, and silicon nitride and silicon oxide as the capacitor dielectric.
  • the resistivity of heavily doped silicon is relatively large (about 1m ⁇ .cm), which is about 10,000 to 100,000 times that of metal.
  • ESR Equivalent Series Resistance
  • this application proposes a new type of capacitor structure and manufacturing method, which can increase the capacitance density of the capacitor and optimize the performance of the capacitor.
  • FIG. 1 is a possible structure diagram of a capacitor 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the capacitor 100 includes a substrate 110, a stacked structure 120, a first electrode 130 and a second electrode 140.
  • the substrate 110 includes an upper surface and a lower surface that are opposed to each other; a first trench 10 is provided in the substrate 110, and the first trench 10 is The upper surface of the substrate 110 enters the substrate 110 downward; the stacked structure 120 is disposed above the substrate 110 and in the trench 10, and the stacked structure 120 includes m dielectric layers and n conductive layers, The m-layer dielectric layer and the n-layer conductive layer form a structure in which the conductive layer and the dielectric layer are adjacent to each other, so that the corresponding dielectric layer in the m-layer dielectric layer electrically isolates the n-layer conductive layer from each other, and the m-layer Each dielectric layer in the dielectric layer includes at least one high-k insulating material with a relative permittivity k greater than or equal to the first threshold, and each conductive layer in the n-layer conductive layer includes at least one work function greater than or equal to the second Threshold high work function conductive material,
  • two adjacent conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer are electrically isolated.
  • the specific values of m and n can be flexibly configured according to actual needs, and only need to satisfy the electrical isolation between two adjacent conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer.
  • each dielectric layer includes at least one high-k (high-k) insulating material with a relative dielectric constant k greater than or equal to a first threshold
  • each conductive layer includes at least one work function The high work function conductive material greater than or equal to the second threshold can improve the performance of the capacitor.
  • the substrate 110 may be a silicon wafer, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon.
  • the substrate 110 may also be other semiconductor substrates, including SOI wafers, silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and other III-V compound semiconductor wafers; or It is a glass substrate; or an organic polymer substrate.
  • the order of the m-layer dielectric layer may be: in the trench, the distance from the substrate is ascending or descending.
  • the sequence of the n-layer conductive layer can also be: in the trench, the distance from the substrate is ascending or descending.
  • the order of the m-layer dielectric layer and the n-layer conductive layer in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the order of the distance from the substrate in the trench from small to large as an example.
  • the capacitor 100 further includes a second trench 40, a third electrode 180, and a fourth electrode 190.
  • the second trench 40 is provided on the substrate 110 and enters the substrate 110 from the upper surface of the substrate 110; the stacked structure 120 is also provided on the second In the trench 40, there is a partially electrically connected conductive layer between the stacked structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 and the stacked structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10.
  • the third electrode 180 is electrically connected to all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer disposed in the second trench 40
  • the fourth electrode 190 is electrically connected to the conductive layer disposed in the second trench 40. All even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are the same electrode, and the fourth electrode 190 and the second electrode 140 are the same electrode. That is, the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 are connected in parallel.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are different electrodes, and the fourth electrode 190 and the second electrode 140 are the same electrode. That is, the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 are connected in series.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are the same electrode, and the fourth electrode 190 and the second electrode 140 are different electrodes. That is, the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 are connected in series.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are different electrodes, and the fourth electrode 190 and the second electrode 140 are also different electrodes. That is, the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 are two independent capacitors.
  • the capacitor 100 may include more grooves, and the arrangement of the second groove 40 may refer to the second groove 40. Of course, the capacitor 100 may also include more grooves.
  • the capacitor 100 may also include more grooves.
  • the connection between the electrode and the stacked structure 120 in the trench reference may be made to the third electrode 180 and the fourth electrode 190. For the sake of brevity, details are not repeated here.
  • the depth and width of the trench provided in the substrate 110 can be flexibly set according to actual needs.
  • the thickness of the substrate 110 can also be flexibly set according to actual needs. For example, when the thickness of the substrate 110 is too thick to meet the demand, the substrate 110 can be thinned.
  • the trench provided in the substrate 110 has a high aspect ratio (High aspect ratio).
  • the insulating layer in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as a dielectric layer.
  • the materials of the first electrode 130 and the second electrode 140 may be various conductive materials, such as metallic copper.
  • the materials of the third electrode 180 and the fourth electrode 190 may also be various conductive materials, such as metallic copper.
  • each of the m-layer dielectric layers includes at least one high-k insulating material with a relative dielectric constant k greater than or equal to 9.
  • the high-k insulating material includes at least one of the following:
  • the dielectric layer may be an insulating material, or a combination or a stack of multiple insulating materials, and includes at least one high dielectric constant greater than or equal to 9 -k materials, including Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , HfSiO 4 , LaAlO 3 , BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , LaLuO 3 , CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 .
  • the specific insulation material and layer thickness can be adjusted according to the capacitance, frequency characteristics, loss and other requirements of the capacitor.
  • the dielectric layer may also include some other insulating materials, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the second threshold is 4.9 eV. That is, in the laminated structure 120, each conductive layer in the n-layer conductive layer includes at least one high work function conductive material with a work function greater than or equal to 4.9 eV.
  • the conductive layer may be a conductive material, or a combination or laminate of multiple conductive materials, and at least include a high work function with a work function greater than 4.9 eV (high work function) conductive materials, including platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), gold (Au), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), osmium (OS), beryllium (Be), palladium ( Pd) and silicide of the above materials.
  • the high work function conductive material is in direct contact with the dielectric layer.
  • the conductive layer may also include conductive materials used as adhesion layers and/or barrier layers, including TiN, TaN, TiAlN, TaSiN, TaCN, Ru, RuO 2 , IrO 2 , and PtO x .
  • the conductive layer may also contain low resistivity tungsten (W) and copper (Cu) to increase the thickness of the conductive layer and further reduce resistance.
  • the first electrode 130 is electrically connected to all the odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layered conductive layer disposed in the first trench 10 through at least one first via structure 20 .
  • the first electrode 130 may also be electrically connected to all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer disposed in the first trench 10 through a metal interconnection structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the second electrode 140 is electrically connected to an even-numbered conductive layer of the n-layered conductive layer disposed in the first trench 10 through at least one second via structure 30.
  • the second electrode 140 may also be electrically connected to an even-numbered conductive layer of the n-layer conductive layer disposed in the first trench 10 through a metal interconnection structure, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the shape and number of the at least one second via structure 30 may be specifically determined according to the manufacturing process of the capacitor 100, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the third electrode 180 may also be electrically connected to all odd-numbered layers of the n-layer conductive layer disposed in the second trench 40 through at least one third via structure 50 Conductive layer.
  • the fourth electrode 190 may also be electrically connected to all even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer disposed in the second trench 40 through at least one fourth via structure 60.
  • the specific arrangement of the at least one third through hole structure 50 and the at least one fourth through hole structure 60 can refer to the first through hole structure 20 or the second through hole structure 30, which will not be repeated here.
  • step structure facilitates the connection and isolation between different conductive layers.
  • the capacitor 100 further includes: a substrate insulating layer 150 disposed between the laminated structure 120 and the substrate 110.
  • the material of the substrate insulating layer 150 may be silicon oxide or silicon nitride.
  • n may be an integer greater than or equal to 2, such as 5, 10, etc.
  • the comparison of the embodiments of the present application is not limited.
  • the first conductive layer 121 is disposed above the substrate 110 and in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40; the second conductive layer 122 is disposed on the substrate 110 above, in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40, and the second conductive layer 122 is disposed above the first conductive layer 121; the first dielectric layer 124 is disposed on the first conductive layer 121 And the second conductive layer 122 to isolate the first conductive layer 121 from the second conductive layer 122; the third conductive layer 123 is disposed above the substrate 110, the first trench 10 and the second conductive layer In the two trenches 40, and the third conductive layer 123 is disposed above the second conductive layer 122; the second dielectric layer 125 is disposed between the second conductive layer 122 and the third conductive layer 123 to connect The second conductive layer 122 is isolated from the third conductive layer 123.
  • the stacked structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the stacked structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 share the first conductive layer 121, and other conductive layers It is not connected to the dielectric layer.
  • the first conductive layer 121 is disposed above the substrate 110 and in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40; the substrate insulating layer 150 is disposed on the substrate 110 and the first conductive layer 121; the second conductive layer 122 is disposed above the substrate 110, in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40, and the second conductive layer 122 is disposed on the Above the first conductive layer 121; the first dielectric layer 124 is disposed between the first conductive layer 121 and the second conductive layer 122 to isolate the first conductive layer 121 from the second conductive layer 122; the The third conductive layer 123 is disposed above the substrate 110, in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40, and the third conductive layer 123 is disposed above the second conductive layer 122; the second dielectric The layer 125 is disposed between the second conductive layer 122 and the third conductive layer 123 to isolate the second conductive layer 122 from the third conductive layer 123.
  • the stacked structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the stacked structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 share the first conductive layer 121, and other conductive layers It is not connected to the dielectric layer.
  • providing the substrate insulating layer 150 between the substrate 110 and the first conductive layer 121 can electrically isolate the substrate 110 and the first conductive layer 121, thereby avoiding the substrate 110 affects the laminated structure 120.
  • the capacitor 100 further includes: an etch stop layer 160 and an interlayer dielectric layer 170.
  • the etch stop layer 160 is disposed on the substrate 110 and the third conductive layer 123; the interlayer dielectric layer 170 is disposed on the etch stop layer 160 surface.
  • the first electrode 130, the second electrode 140, the third electrode 180, and the fourth electrode 190 may be formed of an electrode layer disposed on the laminated structure 120 And above the substrate 110, and the electrode layer includes a first conductive region, a second conductive region, and a third conductive region that are separated from each other, and the first conductive region forms the first electrode 130 (the third electrode 180), The second conductive area forms the second electrode 140, and the third conductive area forms the fourth electrode 190. That is, the first electrode 130 (the third electrode 180), the second electrode 140 and the fourth electrode 190 can be formed by one etching process, which reduces the etching steps.
  • the electrode layer is disposed above the interlayer dielectric layer 170, and the first electrode 130 is electrically connected to the first trench 10 through the first via structure 20.
  • the three via structure 50 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 in the second trench 40, and the fourth electrode 190 is electrically connected to the second trench through the fourth via structure 60
  • the first via structure 20 is disposed in the interlayer dielectric layer 170 and penetrates the etch stop layer 160, and the same material as the electrode layer is disposed in the first via structure 20, so that the The first electrode 130 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 in the first trench 10 through the first via structure 20; the second via structure 30 is disposed on the interlayer dielectric layer 170 and penetrating the etch stop layer 160, the same material as the electrode layer is provided in the second through hole structure 30, so that the second electrode 140 is electrically connected to the first through hole structure 30
  • the third via structure 50 is provided in the interlayer dielectric layer 170 and penetrates the etch stop layer 160, and the same material as the electrode layer is provided in the third In the through hole structure 50, the third electrode 180 is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 in the second trench 40 through the third through hole structure 50; the fourth through hole
  • the structure 60 is
  • the etch stop layer 160 is more resistant to etching than the interlayer dielectric layer 170.
  • the bottom of the via structure can stay on the etch stop layer of different depths.
  • the dry or wet process is then used to remove part of the etch stop layer 160 exposed at the bottom of the via structure, so that the via structure penetrates the etch stop layer 160.
  • the material of the interlayer dielectric layer 170 is silicon dioxide
  • the material of the etch stop layer 160 is silicon nitride.
  • the provision of the etching stop layer can better control the etching process to form a via structure.
  • a first trench 10 and a second trench 40 are provided.
  • the first trench 10 the first trench
  • the conductive layer 121, the first dielectric layer 124, and the second conductive layer 122 may constitute a capacitor A (capacitance C1)
  • the second conductive layer 122, the second dielectric layer 125, and the third conductive layer 123 may constitute a capacitor B (Capacitance C2)
  • the capacitor A and the capacitor B are connected in parallel
  • the second trench 40 the first conductive layer 121, the The first dielectric layer 124 and the second conductive layer 122 may constitute a capacitor C (capacitance C3)
  • the second conductive layer 122, the second dielectric layer 125 and the third conductive layer 123 may constitute a capacitor D (capacitance C4),
  • the capacitor C and the capacitor D are connected in parallel, and the
  • the first electrode 130 is disposed under the substrate 110, and the second electrode 140 is disposed above the laminated structure 120 and the substrate 110.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are the same electrode, and the fourth electrode 190 is also disposed above the laminated structure 120 and the substrate 110.
  • n may be an integer greater than or equal to 2, such as 5, 10, etc.
  • the comparison of the embodiments of the present application is not limited.
  • the first conductive layer 121 is disposed above the substrate 110 and in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40; the second conductive layer 122 is disposed on the substrate 110 above, in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40, and the second conductive layer 122 is disposed above the first conductive layer 121; the first dielectric layer 124 is disposed on the first conductive layer 121 And the second conductive layer 122 to isolate the first conductive layer 121 from the second conductive layer 122; the third conductive layer 123 is disposed above the substrate 110, the first trench 10 and the second conductive layer In the two trenches 40, and the third conductive layer 123 is disposed above the second conductive layer 122; the second dielectric layer 125 is disposed between the second conductive layer 122 and the third conductive layer 123 to connect The second conductive layer 122 is isolated from the third conductive layer 123.
  • the arrangement of the etch stop layer 160 and the interlayer dielectric layer 170 is the same as that of the capacitor shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and will not be repeated here.
  • the first via structure 20 is disposed in the interlayer dielectric layer 170 and penetrates the etch stop layer 160, and the same material as the electrode layer is disposed in the first via structure 20, so that the The first conductive area is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 through the first via structure 20; the second via structure 30 is disposed in the interlayer dielectric layer 170 and penetrates the etched layer.
  • the etch stop layer 160 is more resistant to etching than the interlayer dielectric layer 170.
  • the bottom of the via structure can stay on the etch stop layer of different depths.
  • the dry or wet process is then used to remove part of the etch stop layer 160 exposed at the bottom of the via structure, so that the via structure penetrates the etch stop layer 160.
  • the material of the interlayer dielectric layer 170 is silicon dioxide
  • the material of the etch stop layer 160 is silicon nitride.
  • the provision of the etching stop layer can better control the etching process to form a via structure.
  • the substrate 110 may be a highly doped, low resistivity silicon wafer.
  • a first trench 10 and a second trench 40 are provided.
  • the first conductive layer 121 , The first dielectric layer 124 and the second conductive layer 122 can form a capacitor A (capacitance C1)
  • the second conductive layer 122, the second dielectric layer 125 and the third conductive layer 123 can form a capacitor B (capacitance C2)
  • the capacitor A and the capacitor B are connected in parallel
  • the layer 124 and the second conductive layer 122 may constitute a capacitor C (capacitance C3)
  • the second conductive layer 122, the second dielectric layer 125, and the third conductive layer 123 may constitute a capacitor D (capacitance C4), the capacitor C In parallel with the capacitor D, the equivalent capacitance of the capacitor
  • each dielectric layer includes at least one high-k insulating material with a relative dielectric constant k greater than or equal to the first threshold
  • each conductive layer includes at least one work function greater than or equal to the first The two-threshold high work function conductive material can improve the performance of the capacitor.
  • the capacitors of the embodiments of the present application are described above, and the method for preparing the capacitors of the embodiments of the present application is described below.
  • the method for preparing a capacitor of the embodiment of the present application can prepare the capacitor of the foregoing embodiment of the present application, and the following embodiments and related descriptions in the foregoing embodiments may refer to each other.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are schematic flowcharts of the manufacturing method of the capacitor in the embodiment of the present application, but these steps or operations are only examples, and the embodiment of the present application may also perform other operations or the steps shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 The deformation of each operation.
  • the manufacturing method 200 of the capacitor includes:
  • step 201 a first trench and a second trench are prepared on a substrate, and the first trench and the second trench enter the substrate downward from the upper surface of the substrate.
  • the depth of the first trench and the second trench is less than the thickness of the substrate. That is, the first trench and the second trench do not penetrate the substrate.
  • the substrate 110 can be processed by exposure and development, combined with dry etching or wet etching semiconductor processing technology, to form the first trench 10 and the second trench 40 in the substrate.
  • Laser drilling and nanoimprinting can also be used to process the substrate 110 to form the first trench 10 and the second trench 40 in the substrate.
  • the substrate 110 may be a silicon wafer, including monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon.
  • the substrate 110 may also be other semiconductor substrates, including SOI wafers, silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and other III-V compound semiconductor wafers; or It is a glass substrate; or an organic polymer substrate.
  • the first trench 10 and the second trench 40 have a high aspect ratio (High aspect ratio).
  • the substrate 110 shown in FIG. 5a is processed to form the first trench 10 and the second trench 40 in the substrate 110, as shown in FIG. 5b.
  • a stacked structure is prepared above the substrate and in the first trench and the second trench.
  • the stacked structure includes an m-layer dielectric layer and an n-layer conductive layer, the m-layer dielectric layer and the n-layer
  • the conductive layer forms a structure in which the conductive layer and the dielectric layer are adjacent to each other, so that the corresponding dielectric layer in the m-layer dielectric layer electrically isolates the n-layer conductive layer from each other, and each dielectric layer in the m-layer dielectric layer includes At least one high-k insulating material with a relative dielectric constant k greater than or equal to a first threshold, and each conductive layer in the n-layer conductive layer includes at least one high work function conductive material with a work function greater than or equal to a second threshold, m And n are positive integers.
  • the stacked structure 120 includes: a first conductive layer 121, a second conductive layer 122, a third conductive layer 123, a first dielectric layer 124, and a second dielectric layer 125 .
  • an insulating material is deposited on the upper surface and the inner surface of the second conductive layer 122 to form the second dielectric layer 125, as shown in FIG. 5f.
  • a conductive material is deposited on the upper surface and the inner surface of the second dielectric layer 125 to form the third conductive layer 123, as shown in FIG. 5g.
  • the second conductive layer 122, the third conductive layer 123, the first dielectric layer 124, and the second dielectric layer 125 are subjected to a multi-step photolithography process to form a stepped structure and expose the first conductive layer 121 And the upper surface of the second conductive layer 122, as shown in FIG. 5h.
  • the pattern shapes of the second conductive layer 122, the third conductive layer 123, the first dielectric layer 124, and the second dielectric layer 125 that are left can be based on capacitor specifications. Come to design, no longer describe here.
  • the deposition process of different dielectric layers in the m-layer dielectric layer may be the same or different, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the deposition processes of different conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer may be the same or different, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the first threshold is 9. That is, the first dielectric layer 124 and the second dielectric 125 include at least one high-k insulating material with a relative dielectric constant k greater than or equal to 9.
  • the high-k insulating material includes at least one of the following:
  • the first dielectric layer 124 and/or the second dielectric layer 125 may be an insulating material, or a combination or stack of multiple insulating materials, and include at least one relative dielectric constant greater than or equal to 9 high-k materials, including Al 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Y 2 O 3 , La 2 O 3 , HfSiO 4 , LaAlO 3 , BaTiO 3 , SrTiO 3 , LaLuO 3 , CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 .
  • the specific insulating material and the thickness of the dielectric layer can be adjusted according to the capacitance, frequency characteristics, loss and other requirements of the capacitor.
  • the first dielectric layer 124 and/or the second dielectric 125 may also include some other insulating materials, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the second threshold is 4.9 eV. That is, the first conductive layer 121, the second conductive layer 122, and the third conductive layer 123 include at least one high work function conductive material with a work function greater than or equal to 4.9 eV.
  • the high work function conductive material includes at least one of the following: platinum, iridium, nickel, gold, cobalt, rhodium, osmium, beryllium, palladium, platinum silicide, iridium silicide, nickel silicide, gold silicide, cobalt silicide , Rhodium silicide, osmium silicide, beryllium silicide, palladium silicide.
  • the first conductive layer 121 and/or the second conductive layer 122 and/or the third conductive layer 123 may be a conductive material, or a combination or stack of multiple conductive materials, and at least Contains a high work function conductive material with a work function greater than 4.9eV, including platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), gold (Au), cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh) , Osmium (OS), Beryllium (Be), Palladium (Pd) and silicides of the above materials.
  • the high work function conductive material is in direct contact with the dielectric layer.
  • the materials of different dielectric layers in the m-layer dielectric layer may be the same or different, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the materials of different conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer may be the same or different, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Step 203 preparing a first electrode, a second electrode, a third electrode, and a fourth electrode.
  • the first electrode is electrically connected to all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the first trench.
  • the two electrodes are electrically connected to the even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the first trench, and the third electrode is electrically connected to all the odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the second trench A conductive layer, and the fourth electrode is electrically connected to an even-numbered conductive layer in the n conductive layer located in the second trench.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are the same electrode, and the fourth electrode 190 and the second electrode 140 are the same electrode. That is, the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 are connected in parallel.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are the same electrode, and the fourth electrode 190 and the second electrode 140 are different electrodes. That is, the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 are connected in series.
  • the third electrode 180 and the first electrode 130 are different electrodes, and the fourth electrode 190 and the second electrode 140 are also different electrodes. That is, the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the first trench 10 and the equivalent capacitance formed by the laminated structure 120 disposed in the second trench 40 are two independent capacitors.
  • capacitors as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 can be prepared.
  • each material layer in steps 201-203 refers to the surface substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate
  • the inner surface of each material layer refers to the upper surface of the material layer in the trench.
  • the upper surface and the inner surface can be regarded as a whole.
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • At least one first via structure 20 is prepared, so that the first electrode 130 is electrically connected to all the odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the first trench 10 through the at least one first via structure 20 Floor.
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • At least one second via structure 30 is prepared, so that the second electrode 140 is electrically connected to all the even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the first trench 10 through the at least one second via structure 30 .
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • At least one fourth via structure 60 is prepared, so that the fourth electrode 190 is electrically connected to all the even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the second trench 40 through the at least one fourth via structure 60 .
  • the method 200 further includes:
  • An interconnection structure is prepared so that all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the first trench 10 are electrically connected to the first electrode 130, and/or, the first trench 10 located in the All even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer are electrically connected to the second electrode 140, and/or, all odd-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the second trench 40 are electrically connected to the first
  • the three electrodes 180 and/or all the even-numbered conductive layers in the n-layer conductive layer located in the second trench 40 are electrically connected to the fourth electrode 190.
  • the method 300 further includes:
  • an etch stop layer 160 is deposited on the upper surfaces of the first conductive layer 121, the second conductive layer 122, and the third conductive layer 123, as shown in FIG. 5i. Show. Then, the interlayer dielectric layer 170 is deposited on the upper surface of the etch stop layer 160, as shown in FIG. 5j.
  • the foregoing step 203 may specifically include:
  • the electrode layer is prepared above the laminated structure and the substrate, and the electrode layer includes a first conductive region, a second conductive region, and a third conductive region that are separated from each other.
  • the first conductive region forms the first electrode and
  • the third electrode, the second conductive area form the second electrode, and the third conductive area forms the fourth electrode.
  • a dry or wet process is used to remove a portion of the etch stop layer 160 exposed at the bottom of the via structure to expose the first conductive layer 121 located in the first trench 10 at the bottom of the first via structure 20
  • the third conductive layer 123, the second conductive layer 122 in the first trench 10 is exposed at the bottom of the second via structure 30, and the second trench is exposed at the bottom of the third via structure 50
  • the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 in the 40 expose the second conductive layer 122 in the second trench 40 at the bottom of the fourth via structure 60, as shown in FIG. 5k.
  • a conductive material is deposited in each via structure, as shown in FIG. 51.
  • an electrode layer is deposited on the upper surface of the interlayer dielectric layer 170, and photolithography is performed on the electrode layer to form a first conductive region, a second conductive region, and the third conductive region that are separated from each other. Areas form the first electrode 130 and the third electrode 180, the second conductive area forms the second electrode 140, and the third conductive area forms the fourth electrode 190, thereby preparing the capacitor 100 as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the conductive material deposited in the through-hole structure may be the same material as the electrode layer, of course, it may also be different, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the etch stop layer 160 is more resistant to etching than the interlayer dielectric layer 170.
  • the bottom of the via structure can be stopped at the etch stop layer 160 of different depths.
  • a dry or wet process is used to remove part of the etch stop layer 160 exposed at the bottom of the via structure, so that the via structure penetrates the etch stop layer 160.
  • the material of the interlayer dielectric layer 170 is silicon dioxide
  • the material of the etch stop layer 160 is silicon nitride.
  • the provision of the etching stop layer can better control the etching process to form a via structure.
  • a second electrode and a fourth electrode are prepared above the laminated structure and the substrate.
  • first, electrode material is deposited on the upper surface of the interlayer dielectric layer 170, and photolithography is performed to form a first conductive region, a second conductive region, and a second conductive region that are separated from each other.
  • the first conductive region is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 in the first trench 10 through the first via structure 20, and the first conductive region It is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 in the second trench 40 through the third via structure 50; the second conductive region forms the second electrode 140; the third conductive region
  • the fourth electrode 190 is formed, as shown in FIG. 5m.
  • electrode materials are deposited under the substrate 110 to form the first electrode 130 and the third electrode 180, thereby preparing the capacitor 100 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first electrode 130 (the third electrode 180) may be electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 through the substrate 110, and the first electrode 130 (the third electrode 180) may be electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 through the substrate 110,
  • the first conductive layer 121 and the first conductive area are electrically connected to the third conductive layer 123. That is, the first electrode 130 (the third electrode 180) is electrically connected to the first conductive layer 121 and the third conductive layer 123 in the first trench 10 and the second trench 40.
  • etch stop layer can be referred to the related description of preparing the capacitor 100 as shown in FIG. 1, which will not be repeated here.
  • the substrate 110 may be a silicon wafer with high doping and low resistivity.
  • the method 200 before preparing the laminated structure, further includes: depositing a substrate insulating layer on the upper surface of the substrate and the inner surface of the trench. That is, before step 202, a substrate insulating layer is deposited on the upper surface of the substrate, the inner surface of the first trench and the inner surface of the second trench. At this time, step 202 may be to prepare the laminated structure on the upper surface and the inner surface of the substrate insulating layer.
  • an insulating material is deposited on the upper surface of the substrate 110, the inner surfaces of the first trench 10 and the second trench 40 to form the substrate insulating layer 150, As shown in Figure 5n.
  • the laminated structure 120 is prepared on the upper surface and the inner surface of the substrate insulating layer 150.
  • the process and preparation of the capacitor 100 as shown in FIG. 1 The process is the same, so that the capacitor 100 shown in FIG. 2 is prepared.
  • a layer of insulating material is grown or deposited on the upper surface of the substrate 110 and the inner surfaces of the first trench 10 and the second trench 40 to form the substrate insulating layer 150.
  • a thermal oxidation process is used to grow a layer of silicon dioxide to form the substrate insulating layer 150.
  • a CVD process is used to deposit a layer of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride to form the substrate insulating layer 150.
  • using an ALD process a layer of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or silicon nitride is deposited to form the substrate insulating layer 150.
  • One of the above processes can be used alone to grow or deposit a certain material; one or more processes can also be used to grow or deposit one or more materials.
  • each dielectric layer includes at least one high-k insulating material with a relative dielectric constant k greater than or equal to the first threshold
  • each conductive layer includes at least one work function greater than or equal to the first
  • the two-threshold high work function conductive material can improve the performance of the capacitor.
  • the manufacturing method of the capacitor of the present application will be further described below in conjunction with a specific embodiment.
  • a capacitor as shown in FIG. 2 is made in this embodiment.
  • the capacitor manufacturing method in this embodiment can also be used to manufacture capacitors as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, but there are some differences in the electrode layer and the arrangement of the substrate insulating layer. For the sake of brevity, it will not be omitted here. Repeat.
  • Step 1 Use single crystal silicon wafer as substrate.
  • a trench array with a high aspect ratio is processed on the substrate.
  • a single trench is 1.2 ⁇ m wide, 20 ⁇ m long, and 25 ⁇ m deep.
  • the gap between the trench and the trench is 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • Step 2 Using thermal oxidation process, 150nm silicon oxide is grown on the surface of the trench as the substrate insulating layer.
  • Step 3 Deposit the capacitor film.
  • the ALD process is used to deposit a layer of 50nm TiN and a layer of 10nm Pt as the first conductive layer.
  • a layer of 25nm Pt is deposited as the second conductive layer.
  • Step 4 Use a multi-step photolithography process to form steps to expose the first and second conductive layers to form a laminated structure.
  • Step 5 Using a CVD process, a layer of silicon nitride is deposited on the surface of the step as an etching stop layer, and a layer of silicon oxide is deposited as an interlayer dielectric layer.
  • Step 7 Deposit a layer of titanium nitride in the via hole and fill it with metal tungsten. Finally, the surface planarization process is used to remove the excess conductive and insulating materials on the surface.
  • Step 8 Using PVD process, deposit a layer of metal aluminum, and use photolithography to form the first electrode and the second electrode.
  • the first electrode communicates with the first conductive layer and the third conductive layer
  • the second electrode communicates with the second conductive layer.
  • the capacitor 100 as shown in FIG. 2 is prepared based on the above steps 1 to 8.

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Abstract

一种电容器及其制作方法,该电容器(100)包括:衬底(110);第一沟槽(10),设置于该衬底(110),并自衬底(110)的上表面向下进入衬底(110);叠层结构(120),设置在衬底(110)上方和第一沟槽(10)内,包括m层电介质层和n层导电层,该m层电介质层和该n层导电层形成导电层与电介质层彼此相邻的结构,该m层电介质层中的每层电介质层(124、125)包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,该n层导电层中每层导电层(121、122、123)包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,m和n为正整数;第一电极(130)电连接至该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,第二电极(140)电连接至该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。

Description

电容器及其制作方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电容器领域,并且更具体地,涉及电容器及其制作方法。
背景技术
电容器在电路中可以起到旁路、滤波、去耦等作用,是保证电路正常运转的不可或缺的一部分。随着现代电子系统不断向多功能、高集成、低功耗、微型化发展,现有的电容器制造技术已经难以满足各类高端应用的多样化需求。
晶圆级三维(3D)电容器是近年来出现的一种利用半导体加工技术在硅晶圆上制造的新型电容器,其通常采用重掺杂硅作为电容器的极板,采用硅的氮化物和氧化物作为电容器的电介质。然而,重掺杂硅的电阻率较大,导致电容器的等效串联电阻较大,使得电容器的损耗较大。并且硅的氮、氧化物的介电常数较低,使得电容密度较低。如何提高电容器的容值密度,成为一个亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电容器及其制作方法,能够优化电容器的性能以及提高电容器的容值密度。
第一方面,提供了一种电容器,该电容器包括:
衬底,包括相对设置的上表面和下表面;
第一沟槽,设置于该衬底,并自该上表面向下进入该衬底;
叠层结构,设置在该衬底上方和该第一沟槽内,该叠层结构包括m层电介质层和n层导电层,该m层电介质层和该n层导电层形成导电层与电介质层彼此相邻的结构,以使该m层电介质层中相应的电介质层将该n层导电层彼此电隔离,并且,该m层电介质层中的每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,该n层导电层中每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,m和n为正整数;
第一电极,电连接至该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层;
第二电极,电连接至该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
因此,在本申请实施例提供的电容器中,采用导电层与电介质层交替堆叠的叠层结构,并设置在衬底上方和第一沟槽内,能够在较小器件尺寸的情况下得到较大的电容值,从而能够提高电容器的容值密度。
更进一步地,在叠层结构中,每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,以及每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,从而能够提升电容器的性能。
需要说明的是,在该叠层结构中,该m层电介质层的顺序可以是:在沟槽内,与衬底的距离从小到大或者从大到小的顺序。同理,该n层导电层的顺序也可以是:在沟槽内,与衬底的距离从小到大或者从大到小的顺序。为了便于描述,在本申请实施例中该m层电介质层和该n层导电层的顺序以在沟槽内与衬底的距离从小到大的顺序为例进行说明。
在一些可能的实现方式中,在该叠层结构中,该每层导电层通过其所包括的高功函数导电材料与该电介质层直接接触。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第一阈值为9。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第二阈值为4.9eV。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该高k绝缘材料包括以下中的至少一种:
Al 2O 3,HfO 2,ZrO 2,TiO 2,Y 2O 3,La 2O 3,HfSiO 4,LaAlO 3,BaTiO 3,SrTiO 3,LaLuO 3,钛酸铜钙(CaCu 3Ti 4O 12,CCTO)。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该高功函数导电材料包括以下中的至少一种:
铂(Pt)、铱(Ir)、镍(Ni)、金(Au)、钴(Co)、铑(Rh),锇(OS),铍(Be),钯(Pd),硅化铂,硅化铱,硅化镍,硅化金,硅化钴,硅化铑,硅化锇,硅化铍,硅化钯。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该n层导电层中每层导电层还包括以下中的至少一种:
用作黏附层和/或阻挡层的导电材料,用于增加导电层厚度的金属钨和/或铜。
可选地,该用作黏附层和/或阻挡层的导电材料包括以下中的至少一种:
氮化钛(TiN)、氮化钽(TaN)、氮化铝钛(TiAlN)、氮化硅钽(TaSiN)、 氮化碳钽(TaCN)、钌(Ru)、氧化钌(RuO 2)、氧化铱(IrO 2)、氧化铂(PtO x)。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该电容器还包括:
衬底绝缘层,设置于该叠层结构和该衬底之间。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第一电极通过至少一个第一通孔结构电连接至该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第二电极通过至少一个第二通孔结构电连接至该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该电容器还包括:
互联结构,用于将该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接至该第一电极,和/或,将该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层电连接至该第二电极。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该电容器还包括电极层,其中,该电极层设置于该叠层结构和该衬底的上方,且该电极层包括相互分离的第一导电区域和第二导电区域,该第一导电区域形成该第一电极,该第二导电区域形成该第二电极。
可选地,该第一导电区域与该第二导电区域之间通过空气进行隔离。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第一电极设置于该衬底下方,以及该第二电极设置于该叠层结构和该衬底的上方。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该电容器还包括:第二沟槽、第三电极和第四电极,其中,
该第二沟槽设置于该衬底,并自该上表面向下进入该衬底;
该叠层结构还设置于该第二沟槽内,且设置于该第二沟槽内的该叠层结构与设置于该第一沟槽内的该叠层结构之间不存在电连接的导电层,或者,设置于该第二沟槽内的该叠层结构与设置于该第一沟槽内的该叠层结构之间存在部分电连接的导电层;
该第三电极电连接至设置于该第二沟槽内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,该第四电极电连接至设置于该第二沟槽内的该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第三电极与该第一电极为同一电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极为同一电极;或者
该第三电极与该第一电极为不同的电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极为同一电极;或者
该第三电极与该第一电极为同一电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极为不同的电极;或者
该第三电极与该第一电极为不同的电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极也为不同的电极。
第二方面,提供了一种电容器的制作方法,包括:
在衬底上制备第一沟槽,该第一沟槽自该衬底的上表面向下进入该衬底;
在该衬底上方和该第一沟槽内制备叠层结构,该叠层结构包括m层电介质层和n层导电层,该m层电介质层和该n层导电层形成导电层与电介质层彼此相邻的结构,以使该m层电介质层中相应的电介质层将该n层导电层彼此电隔离,并且,该m层电介质层中的每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,该n层导电层中每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,m和n为正整数;
制备第一电极和第二电极,该第一电极电连接至该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,该第二电极电连接至该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
因此,在本申请实施例提供的电容器的制作方法中,通过制备叠层结构的方式,可以得到包括较多导电层和电介质层的叠层结构,增大电容器的电容值。更进一步地,在叠层结构中,每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,以及每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,从而能够提升电容器的性能。
可选地,利用深反应离子刻蚀(Deep Reactive Ion Etch,DRIE)对该衬底进行刻蚀处理,以在该衬底中形成该至少一个沟槽。
在一些可能的实现方式中,在所述叠层结构中,该每层导电层通过其所包括的高功函数导电材料与电介质层直接接触。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第一阈值为9。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该第二阈值为4.9eV。
在一些可能的实现方式中,在制备该叠层结构之前,该方法还包括:
在该衬底上表面和该第一沟槽内表面沉积衬底绝缘层;
该在该衬底上方和该第一沟槽内制备叠层结构,包括:
在该衬底绝缘层上表面和内表面制备该叠层结构。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该方法还包括:
制备至少一个第一通孔结构,以使该第一电极通过该至少一个第一通孔结构电连接至该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该方法还包括:
制备至少一个第二通孔结构,以使该第二电极通过该至少一个第二通孔结构电连接至该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该方法还包括:
制备互联结构,以使该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接至该第一电极,和/或,该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层电连接至该第二电极。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该制备第一电极和第二电极,包括:
在该叠层结构和该衬底的上方制备电极层,且该电极层包括相互分离的第一导电区域和第二导电区域,该第一导电区域形成该第一电极,该第二导电区域形成该第二电极。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该制备第一电极和第二电极,包括:
在该衬底下方制备第一电极,以及
在该叠层结构和该衬底的上方制备第二电极。
在一些可能的实现方式中,该方法还包括:
在该衬底上制备第二沟槽,该第二沟槽自该衬底的上表面向下进入该衬底;
在该衬底上方和该第二沟槽内制备该叠层结构,且位于该第二沟槽内的该叠层结构与位于该第一沟槽内的该叠层结构之间不存在电连接的导电层,或者,位于该第二沟槽内的该叠层结构与位于该第一沟槽内的该叠层结构之间存在部分电连接的导电层;
制备第三电极和第四电极,该第三电极电连接至位于该第二沟槽内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,该第四电极电连接至位于该第二沟槽内的该n层导电层中的偶数层导电层。
在一些可能的实现方式中,
该第三电极与该第一电极为同一电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极为同一电极;或者
该第三电极与该第一电极为不同的电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极为 同一电极;或者
该第三电极与该第一电极为同一电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极为不同的电极;或者
该第三电极与该第一电极为不同的电极,且该第四电极与该第二电极也为不同的电极。
附图说明
图1是根据本申请实施例的一种电容器的示意性结构图。
图2是根据本申请实施例的又一种电容器的示意性结构图。
图3是根据本申请实施例的再一种电容器的示意性结构图。
图4是根据本申请实施例的一种电容器的制作方法的示意性流程图。
图5a至图5n是本申请实施例的一种电容器的制作方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。
应理解,本申请实施例的电容器在电路中可以起到旁路、滤波、去耦等作用。
本申请实施例所述的电容器可以是3D硅电容器,3D硅电容器是一种基于半导体晶圆加工技术的新型电容器。与传统的MLCC(多层陶瓷电容)相比,3D硅电容器具有小尺寸、高精度、高稳定性、长寿命等优点。其基本的加工流程需要先在晶圆或衬底上加工出高深宽比的深孔(Via)、沟槽(Trench)、柱状(Pillar)、墙状(Wall)等3D结构,接着在3D结构表面沉积绝缘薄膜和低电阻率导电材料依次制作电容的下电极、电介质层和上电极。
现阶段的3D硅电容器,借鉴DRAM制造中的一些多层嵌套的概念,在3D结构表面交替沉积导体和绝缘体材料,以此制作多个电容纵向堆叠的结构,再在硅衬底正面用不同的连接方式将所有电容并联,最后形成一个大容值的电容器。然而,目前晶圆级3D电容器的容值密度仍然有限。并且,目前晶圆级3D电容器通常采用重掺杂硅作为电容器的极板,采用硅的氮化物和硅的氧化物作为电容器的电介质。然而,重掺杂硅的电阻率较大(约1mΩ.cm),大约是金属电阻率的1万到10万倍,电容器的等效串联电阻 (Equivalent Series Resistance,ESR)与电容极板的电阻率直接相关,ESR越大,电容器的损耗越高;硅的氮化物和硅的氧化物的介电常数较低,从而使得电容密度较低。
在此背景下,本申请提出了一种新型的电容器的结构和制作方法,可以提高电容器的容值密度,并优化电容器性能。
以下,结合图1至图3,详细介绍本申请实施例的电容器。
应理解,图1至图3中的电容器仅仅只是示例,电容器所包括的沟槽的数量并不局限于图1至图3中的电容器所示,可以根据实际需要确定。同时,在图1至图3的实施例中,沟槽的延伸方向是以垂直于衬底(晶圆)的方向作为示例进行说明,在本申请实施例中,沟槽的延伸方向还可以是一些其他的方向,例如,满足与垂直于衬底(晶圆)的方向的夹角小于预设值的所有方向。
需要说明的是,为便于理解,在以下示出的实施例中,对于不同实施例中示出的结构中,相同的结构采用相同的附图标记,并且为了简洁,省略对相同结构的详细说明。
图1是本申请一个实施例的电容器100的一种可能的结构图。如图1所示,该电容器100包括衬底110、叠层结构120、第一电极130、第二电极140。
具体地,如图1所示,在该电容器100中,该衬底110包括相对设置的上表面和下表面;在该衬底110内设置有第一沟槽10,该第一沟槽10自该衬底110的上表面向下进入该衬底110;该叠层结构120设置在该衬底110上方和该沟槽10内,该叠层结构120包括m层电介质层和n层导电层,该m层电介质层和该n层导电层形成导电层与电介质层彼此相邻的结构,以使该m层电介质层中相应的电介质层将该n层导电层彼此电隔离,并且,该m层电介质层中的每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,该n层导电层中每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,m和n为正整数;该第一电极130电连接至该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层;该第二电极140电连接至该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
即在本申请实施例中,该n层导电层中相邻两个导电层之间电隔离。以及m和n的具体数值可以根据实际需要灵活配置,只需满足该n层导电层中 相邻两个导电层之间电隔离。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中,采用导电层与电介质层交替堆叠的叠层结构,能够在较小器件尺寸的情况下得到较大的电容值,从而能够提高电容器的容值密度。进一步地,在叠层结构中,每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k(high-k)绝缘材料,以及每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,从而能够提升电容器的性能。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,该衬底110可以为硅晶圆,包括单晶硅、多晶硅、不定形硅。该衬底110也可以是别的半导体衬底,包括SOI晶圆,碳化硅(SiC)、氮化镓(GaN)、砷化镓(GaAs)等III-V族元素的化合物半导体晶圆;或者是玻璃衬底;或者是有机聚合物衬底。
需要说明的是,在该叠层结构中,该m层电介质层的顺序可以是:在沟槽内,与衬底的距离从小到大或者从大到小的顺序。同理,该n层导电层的顺序也可以是:在沟槽内,与衬底的距离从小到大或者从大到小的顺序。为了便于描述,在本申请实施例中该m层电介质层和该n层导电层的顺序以在沟槽内与衬底的距离从小到大的顺序为例进行说明。
可选地,本申请实施例中,该电容器100还包括第二沟槽40、第三电极180和第四电极190。
具体地,如图1所示,该第二沟槽40设置于该衬底110,并自该衬底110的上表面向下进入该衬底110;该叠层结构120还设置于该第二沟槽40内,且设置于该第二沟槽40内的该叠层结构120与设置于该第一沟槽10内的该叠层结构120之间存在部分电连接的导电层。该第三电极180电连接至设置于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,该第四电极190电连接至设置于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
可选地,设置于该第二沟槽40内的该叠层结构120与设置于该第一沟槽10内的该叠层结构120之间也可以不存在电连接的导电层。即设置于该第二沟槽40内的该叠层结构120与设置于该第一沟槽10内的该叠层结构120完全独立。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为同一电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140为同一电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构 120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容并联连接。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为不同的电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140为同一电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容串联连接。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为同一电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140为不同的电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容串联连接。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为不同的电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140也为不同的电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容为两个独立电容。
需要说明的是,在本申请实施例中,在该电容器100中可以包括更多的沟槽,其设置方式可以参考该第二沟槽40,当然,在该电容器100中也可以包括更多的电极,其与沟槽内的叠层结构120的连接方式可以参考该第三电极180和该第四电极190,为了简洁,在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例以同时存在第一沟槽10和第二沟槽40为例进行说明,以及仅以该第三电极180与该第一电极130为同一电极且该第四电极190与该第二电极140为不同的电极为例进行说明。
本申请实施例中,该衬底110中设置的沟槽中不同的沟槽的横截面的形状可以相同,也可以不同。
需要注意的是,在本申请实施例中,该衬底110中设置的沟槽的深宽可以根据实际需要灵活设置。在本申请实施例中,该衬底110的厚度也可以根据实际需要灵活设置,例如,在该衬底110的厚度因太厚而不能满足需求时,可以对该衬底110进行减薄处理。
需要说明的是,本申请实施例中对该衬底110中设置的沟槽的横截面的尺寸不做限定,例如,该衬底110中设置的沟槽可以为横截面上长和宽尺寸相差较小的孔,或者也可以为长和宽尺寸相差较大的沟槽,或者还可以是柱状(Pillar)或墙状(Wall)3D结构。这里横截面可以理解为与衬底表面平 行的截面,而图1中则是沿着衬底纵向的截面。
优选的,该衬底110中设置的沟槽具有高深宽比(High aspect ratio)。
应理解,本申请实施例中的绝缘层也可以称为电介质层。
可选地,该第一电极130和该第二电极140的材料可以采用各种导电材料,例如金属铜。可选地,该第三电极180和该第四电极190的材料也可以采用各种导电材料,例如金属铜。
可选地,该第一沟槽10可以是相邻的多个沟槽,也可以是一个沟槽,本申请实施例仅以相邻两个沟槽为该第一沟槽10为例进行说明。同理,该第二沟槽40同样可以是相邻的多个沟槽,也可以是一个沟槽,本申请实施例仅以相邻两个沟槽为该第二沟槽40为例进行说明。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,在该叠层结构120中,该每层导电层通过其所包括的高功函数(high work function)导电材料与该电介质层直接接触。
可选地,该第一阈值为9。即在该叠层结构120中,该m层电介质层中的每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于9的高k绝缘材料。
可选地,该高k绝缘材料包括以下中的至少一种:
Al 2O 3,HfO 2,ZrO 2,TiO 2,Y 2O 3,La 2O 3,HfSiO 4,LaAlO 3,BaTiO 3,SrTiO 3,LaLuO 3,CaCu 3Ti 4O 12
也就是说,在该叠层结构120中,该电介质层可以是一种绝缘材料,也可以是多种绝缘材料的组合或者叠层,且包含至少一种相对介电常数大于或者等于9的high-k材料,包括Al 2O 3,HfO 2,ZrO 2,TiO 2,Y 2O 3,La 2O 3,HfSiO 4,LaAlO 3,BaTiO 3,SrTiO 3,LaLuO 3,CaCu 3Ti 4O 12。具体绝缘材料和层厚可根据电容器的容值、频率特性、损耗等需求来调整。当然,该电介质层还可以包括一些其他的绝缘材料,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地,该第二阈值为4.9eV。即在该叠层结构120中,该n层导电层中每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于4.9eV的高功函数导电材料。
可选地,该高功函数导电材料包括以下中的至少一种:铂、铱、镍、金、钴、铑,锇,铍,钯,硅化铂,硅化铱,硅化镍,硅化金,硅化钴,硅化铑,硅化锇,硅化铍,硅化钯。
可选地,该n层导电层中每层导电层还包括以下中的至少一种:用作黏 附层和/或阻挡层的导电材料,用于增加导电层厚度的金属钨和/或铜。
也就是说,在该叠层结构120中,该导电层可以是一种导电材料,也可以是多种导电材料的组合或者叠层,且至少包含一种功函数大于4.9eV的高功函数(high work function)导电材料,包括铂(Pt)、铱(Ir)、镍(Ni)、金(Au)、钴(Co)、铑(Rh),锇(OS),铍(Be),钯(Pd)以及上述材料的硅化物。该高功函数导电材料与电介质层直接接触。该导电层还可以包含用作黏附层和/或阻挡层的导电材料,包括TiN、TaN、TiAlN、TaSiN、TaCN、Ru、RuO 2、IrO 2、PtO x。该导电层还可以包含低电阻率的钨(W)和铜(Cu),用于增加导电层厚度,进一步降低电阻。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,该第一电极130通过至少一个第一通孔结构20电连接至设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。当然,该第一电极130也可以通过一个金属互联结构电连接至设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
需要说明的是,该至少一个第一通孔结构20内设置与该第一电极130相同的材料,从而可以实现该第一电极130与设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接的目的。当然,该至少一个第一通孔结构20内也可以设置其他的导电材料,以实现该第一电极130与设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接的目的。
应理解,该至少一个第一通孔结构20的形状和数量可以根据该电容器100的制作工艺具体确定,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,该第二电极140通过至少一个第二通孔结构30电连接至设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的偶数层导电层。当然,该第二电极140也可以通过一个金属互联结构电连接至设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的偶数层导电层,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
需要说明的是,该至少一个第二通孔结构30内设置与该第二电极140相同的材料,从而可以实现该第二电极140与设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的偶数层导电层电连接的目的。当然,该至少一个第二通孔结构30内也可以设置其他的导电材料,以实现该第二电极140与设置于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的偶数层导电层电连接的目的。
应理解,该至少一个第二通孔结构30的形状和数量可以根据该电容器 100的制作工艺具体确定,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,该第三电极180也可以通过至少一个第三通孔结构50电连接至设置于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。该第四电极190也可以通过至少一个第四通孔结构60电连接至设置于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
需要说明的是,该至少一个第三通孔结构50和该至少一个第四通孔结构60的具体设置方式可以参考第一通孔结构20或者第二通孔结构30,在此不再赘述。
可选地,该叠层结构120设置有台阶结构,该至少一个第一通孔结构20设置于该台阶结构上,以使该第一电极130通过该至少一个第一通孔结构20与该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接;该至少一个第二通孔结构30也设置于该台阶结构上,以使该第二电极140通过该至少一个第二通孔结构30与该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层电连接。该第三通孔结构50和该第四通孔结构60的设置与该第一通孔结构20和该第二通孔结构30类似。
需要说明的是,该台阶结构的设置,便于不同导电层之间的连接隔离。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,该电容器100还包括:衬底绝缘层150,设置于该叠层结构120和该衬底110之间。
可选地,该衬底绝缘层150的材料可以是硅的氧化物,也可以是硅的氮化物。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,假设m=2,n=3,即,叠层结构120可以包括3层导电层,例如图1和图2中示出的第一导电层121、第二导电层122和第三导电层123,以及2层电介质层,例如图1和图2中示出的第一电介质层124和第二电介质层125。
需要说明的是,m=2,n=3仅仅只是示例,在本申请实施例中,n可以是大于或者等于2的整数,例如5,10等,本申请实施例对比不作限定。
可选地,如图1所示,该第一导电层121设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内;该第二导电层122设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内,并且该第二导电层122设置于该第一导电层121的上方;该第一电介质层124设置于该第一导电层121与该第二导电层122之间,以将该第一导电层121与该第二导电层122隔离;该第三导电层123设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内,并且 该第三导电层123设置于该第二导电层122的上方;该第二电介质层125设置于该第二导电层122与该第三导电层123之间,以将该第二导电层122与该第三导电层123隔离。
需要注意的是,如图1所示,设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120共用第一导电层121,其他导电层和电介质层不连接。
可选地,如图2所示,该第一导电层121设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内;该衬底绝缘层150设置在该衬底110与该第一导电层121之间;该第二导电层122设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内,并且该第二导电层122设置于该第一导电层121的上方;该第一电介质层124设置于该第一导电层121与该第二导电层122之间,以将该第一导电层121与该第二导电层122隔离;该第三导电层123设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内,并且该第三导电层123设置于该第二导电层122的上方;该第二电介质层125设置于该第二导电层122与该第三导电层123之间,以将该第二导电层122与该第三导电层123隔离。
需要注意的是,如图2所示,设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120共用第一导电层121,其他导电层和电介质层不连接。
需要说明的是,在该衬底110与该第一导电层121之间设置该衬底绝缘层150可以起到电隔离该衬底110与该第一导电层121的作用,从而,避免衬底110影响叠层结构120。
可选地,该电容器100还包括:刻蚀停止层160和层间介质层170。具体地,如图1和图2所示,该刻蚀停止层160设置在该衬底110和该第三导电层123的上方;该层间介质层170设置于该刻蚀停止层160的上表面。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该第一电极130、该第二电极140、该第三电极180、该第四电极190可以由一个电极层形成,该电极层设置于该叠层结构120和该衬底110的上方,且该电极层包括相互分离的第一导电区域、第二导电区域和第三导电区域,该第一导电区域形成该第一电极130(该第三电极180),该第二导电区域形成该第二电极140,该第三导电区域形成该第四电极190。也即,该第一电极130(该第三电极180)、该第二电极140 和该第四电极190可以通过一次刻蚀形成,减少了刻蚀步骤。
具体地,如图1和图2所示,该电极层设置于层间介质层170的上方,且该第一电极130通过第一通孔结构20电连接至该第一沟槽10内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123,该第二电极140通过第二通孔结构30电连接至该第一沟槽10内的该第二导电层122,该第三电极180通过第三通孔结构50电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123,该第四电极190通过第四通孔结构60电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第二导电层122。
具体地,该第一通孔结构20设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该电极层相同的材料设置于该第一通孔结构20内,以使该第一电极130通过第一通孔结构20电连接至该第一沟槽10内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123;该第二通孔结构30设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该电极层相同的材料设置于该第二通孔结构30内,以使该第二电极140通过第二通孔结构30电连接至该第一沟槽10内的该第二导电层122;该第三通孔结构50设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该电极层相同的材料设置于该第三通孔结构50内,以使该第三电极180通过第三通孔结构50电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123;该第四通孔结构60设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该电极层相同的材料设置于该第四通孔结构60内,以使该第四电极190通过第四通孔结构60电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第二导电层122。
需要说明的是,该刻蚀停止层160相对于该层间介质层170更耐刻蚀,在刻蚀通孔结构时,可以将通孔结构的底部停留在不同深度的刻蚀停止层上,再利用干法或者湿法工艺去除通孔结构底部露出的部分刻蚀停止层160,以使通孔结构贯穿该刻蚀停止层160。例如,该层间介质层170的材料为二氧化硅,该刻蚀停止层160的材料为氮化硅。
因此,设置该刻蚀停止层可以更好地控制刻蚀进程,以形成通孔结构。
可选地,该层间介质层170的材料可以是有机的聚合物材料,包括聚酰亚胺(Polyimide),帕里纶(Parylene),苯并环丁烯(BCB)等;也可以是一些无机材料,包括旋转涂布玻璃(Spin on glass,SOG),未掺杂硅玻璃(Undoped Silicon Glass,USG),硼硅玻璃(boro-silicate glass,BSG),磷 硅玻璃(phospho-silicate glass,PSG),硼磷硅玻璃(boro-phospho-silicate glass,BPSG),由四乙氧基硅烷(Tetraethyl Orthosilicate,TEOS)合成的硅氧化物,硅的氧化物、氮化物,陶瓷;还可以是上述材料的组合。
在具体实现上,在如图1和图2所示的电容器100中(n=3),设置有第一沟槽10和第二沟槽40,在该第一沟槽10内,该第一导电层121、该第一电介质层124和该第二导电层122可以构成电容器A(电容C1),该第二导电层122、该第二电介质层125和该第三导电层123可以构成电容器B(电容C2),该电容器A和该电容器B并联,该电容器A和该电容器B并联的等效电容为Ci=C1+C2;在该第二沟槽40内,该第一导电层121、该第一电介质层124和该第二导电层122可以构成电容器C(电容C3),该第二导电层122、该第二电介质层125和该第三导电层123可以构成电容器D(电容C4),该电容器C和该电容器D并联,该电容器C和该电容器D并联的等效电容为Cj=C3+C4;因此,该电容器100的电容C可以是该等效电容Ci和该等效电容为Cj串联之后的电容。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该第一电极130设置于该衬底110下方,以及该第二电极140设置于该叠层结构120和该衬底110的上方。可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为同一电极,该第四电极190也设置于该叠层结构120和该衬底110的上方。
可选地,假设m=2,n=3,即,叠层结构120可以包括3层导电层,例如图3中示出的第一导电层121、第二导电层122和第三导电层123,以及2层电介质层,例如图3中示出的第一电介质层124和第二电介质层125。
需要说明的是,m=2,n=3仅仅只是示例,在本申请实施例中,n可以是大于或者等于2的整数,例如5,10等,本申请实施例对比不作限定。
可选地,如图3所示,该第一导电层121设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内;该第二导电层122设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内,并且该第二导电层122设置于该第一导电层121的上方;该第一电介质层124设置于该第一导电层121与该第二导电层122之间,以将该第一导电层121与该第二导电层122隔离;该第三导电层123设置在该衬底110上方、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内,并且该第三导电层123设置于该第二导电层122的上方;该第二电介质层125设置于该第二导电层122与该第三导电层123之间,以将该第二导电层122与 该第三导电层123隔离。
需要注意的是,如图3所示,设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120共用第一导电层121,其他导电层和电介质层不连接。
应理解,在图3所示的电容器中,该刻蚀停止层160和该层间介质层170设置与图1和图2所示的电容器的设置相同,在此不再赘述。
可选地,如图3所示,在该层间介质层170上方设置有电极层,且该电极层包括相互分离的第一导电区域、第二导电区域和第三导电区域,该第一导电区域通过第一通孔结构20电连接至该第一沟槽10内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123,以及该第一导电区域通过第三通孔结构50电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123;该第二导电区域形成该第二电极140,以及该第三导电区域形成该第四电极190。该第一电极130(该第三电极180)设置于该衬底110的下方,且该第一电极130(该第三电极180)通过衬底110电连接至该第一导电层121,以及该第一电极130(该第三电极180)通过该衬底110、该第一导电层121和该第一导电区域电连接至该第三导电层123。该第二电极140设置于层间介质层170的上方,该第二电极140通过第二通孔结构30电连接至该第一沟槽10内的该第二导电层122。该第四电极190设置于层间介质层170的上方,该第四电极190通过第四通孔结构60电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第二导电层122。
具体地,该第一通孔结构20设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该电极层相同的材料设置于该第一通孔结构20内,以使该第一导电区域通过第一通孔结构20电连接至该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123;该第二通孔结构30设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该第二电极140相同的材料设置于该第二通孔结构30内,以使该第二电极140通过第二通孔结构30电连接至该第二导电层122;该第三通孔结构50设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该电极层相同的材料设置于该第三通孔结构50内,以使该第一导电区域通过第三通孔结构50电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123;该第四通孔结构60设置于该层间介质层170内,且贯穿该刻蚀停止层160,与该电极层相同的材料设置于该第四通孔结构60内,以使该第四电极 190通过第四通孔结构60电连接至该第二沟槽40内的该第二导电层122。
需要说明的是,该刻蚀停止层160相对于该层间介质层170更耐刻蚀,在刻蚀通孔结构时,可以将通孔结构的底部停留在不同深度的刻蚀停止层上,再利用干法或者湿法工艺去除通孔结构底部露出的部分刻蚀停止层160,以使通孔结构贯穿该刻蚀停止层160。例如,该层间介质层170的材料为二氧化硅,该刻蚀停止层160的材料为氮化硅。
因此,设置该刻蚀停止层可以更好地控制刻蚀进程,以形成通孔结构。
需要说明的是,在如图3所示的电容器100中,该衬底110可以是高掺杂、低电阻率硅晶圆。
在具体实现上,在如图3所示的电容器100中(n=3),设置有第一沟槽10和第二沟槽40,在该第一沟槽10内,该第一导电层121、该第一电介质层124和该第二导电层122可以构成电容器A(电容C1),该第二导电层122、该第二电介质层125和该第三导电层123可以构成电容器B(电容C2),该电容器A和该电容器B并联,该电容器A和该电容器B并联的等效电容为Ci=C1+C2;在该第二沟槽40内,该第一导电层121、该第一电介质层124和该第二导电层122可以构成电容器C(电容C3),该第二导电层122、该第二电介质层125和该第三导电层123可以构成电容器D(电容C4),该电容器C和该电容器D并联,该电容器C和该电容器D并联的等效电容为Cj=C3+C4;因此,该电容器100的电容C可以是该等效电容Ci和该等效电容为Cj串联之后的电容。
可选地,在本申请实施例中,设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120也可以不同,即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120可以对应不同的m和n值。
因此,在本申请实施例提供的电容器中,采用导电层与电介质层交替堆叠的叠层结构,并设置在衬底上方和沟槽内,能够在较小器件尺寸的情况下得到较大的电容值,从而能够提高电容器的容值密度。更进一步地,在叠层结构中,每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,以及每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,从而能够提升电容器的性能。
以上描述了本申请实施例的电容器,下面描述本申请实施例的制备电容 器的方法。本申请实施例的制备电容器的方法可以制备前述本申请实施例的电容器,下述实施例和前述实施例中的相关描述可以相互参考。
以下,结合图4至图5,详细介绍本申请实施例的电容器的制作方法。
应理解,图4和图5是本申请实施例的电容器的制作方法的示意性流程图,但这些步骤或操作仅是示例,本申请实施例还可以执行其他操作或者图4和图5中的各个操作的变形。
图4示出了根据本申请实施例的电容器的制作方法200的示意性流程图。应理解,图4是以同时刻蚀第一沟槽10和第二沟槽40、并在第一沟槽10和第二沟槽40内制备叠层结构120,以及同时制备第一电极130、第二电极140、第三电极180和第四电极190为例进行说明。当然,在本申请实施例中,也可以仅刻蚀第一沟槽10、在第一沟槽10内制备叠层结构120,以及制备第一电极130和第二电极140,其具体制备方法只需要在方法200中省去关于第二沟槽40和第二沟槽40对应的电极的相关描述。
具体地,如图4所示,该电容器的制作方法200包括:
步骤201,在衬底上制备第一沟槽和第二沟槽,该第一沟槽和该第二沟槽自该衬底的上表面向下进入该衬底。
需要说明的是,该第一沟槽和该第二沟槽的深度小于该衬底的厚度。也即该第一沟槽和该第二沟槽未贯穿该衬底。
可选地,可以使用曝光显影,结合干法刻蚀或湿法腐蚀的半导体加工工艺对该衬底110进行处理,以在该衬底中形成该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40。也可以使用激光打孔、纳米压印对该衬底110进行处理,以在该衬底中形成该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40。
可选地,该衬底110可以为硅晶圆,包括单晶硅、多晶硅、不定形硅。该衬底110也可以是别的半导体衬底,包括SOI晶圆,碳化硅(SiC)、氮化镓(GaN)、砷化镓(GaAs)等III-V族元素的化合物半导体晶圆;或者是玻璃衬底;或者是有机聚合物衬底。
优选地,该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40具有高深宽比(High aspect ratio)。
具体地,首先,对如图5a所示的衬底110进行处理,以在该衬底110中形成该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40,如图5b所示。
步骤202,在该衬底上方、该第一沟槽和该第二沟槽内制备叠层结构, 该叠层结构包括m层电介质层和n层导电层,该m层电介质层和该n层导电层形成导电层与电介质层彼此相邻的结构,以使该m层电介质层中相应的电介质层将该n层导电层彼此电隔离,并且,该m层电介质层中的每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,该n层导电层中每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,m和n为正整数。
需要说明的是,位于该第二沟槽内的该叠层结构与位于该第一沟槽内的该叠层结构之间不存在电连接的导电层,或者,位于该第二沟槽内的该叠层结构与位于该第一沟槽内的该叠层结构之间存在部分电连接的导电层。
可选地,该m=2,n=3,即该叠层结构120包括:第一导电层121、第二导电层122、第三导电层123、第一电介质层124和第二电介质层125。
具体地,首先,在如图5b所示的结构中,在该衬底110上表面、该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内表面沉积导电材料,以形成该第一导电层121,如图5c所示。接着,在该第一导电层121上表面和内表面沉积绝缘材料,以形成该第一电介质层124,如图5d所示。然后,在该第一电介质层124上表面和内表面沉积导电材料,以形成该第二导电层122,如图5e所示。再然后,在该第二导电层122上表面和内表面沉积绝缘材料,以形成该第二电介质层125,如图5f所示。再然后,在该第二电介质层125上表面和内表面沉积导电材料,以形成该第三导电层123,如图5g所示。最后,对该第二导电层122、该第三导电层123、该第一电介质层124和该第二电介质层125进行多步光刻处理,以形成台阶结构,并露出该第一导电层121和该第二导电层122的上表面,如图5h所示。
应理解,经过多步光刻处理之后,被留下的该第二导电层122、该第三导电层123、该第一电介质层124和该第二电介质层125的图案形状可根据电容规格需求来设计,这里不再展开叙述。
可选地,可以通过原子层沉积(Atomic layer deposition,ALD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)等方式,沉积该第一导电层121、该第二导电层122和该第三导电层123。同样,也可以通过原子层沉积(Atomic layer deposition,ALD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)等方式,沉积该第一电介质层124和该第二电介质层125。
需要说明的是,该m层电介质层中的不同层电介质层的沉积工艺可以相 同,也可以不同,本申请实施例对此不作限定。同理,该n层导电层中的不同层导电层的沉积工艺可以相同,也可以不同,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地,该第一导电层121通过其所包括的高功函数导电材料与该第一电介质层124直接接触。同理,该第二导电层122通过其所包括的高功函数导电材料与该第一电介质层124和该第二电介质125直接接触,该第三导电层123通过其所包括的高功函数导电材料与该第二电介质125直接接触。
可选地,该第一阈值为9。即该第一电介质层124和该第二电介质125包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于9的高k绝缘材料。
可选地,该高k绝缘材料包括以下中的至少一种:
Al 2O 3,HfO 2,ZrO 2,TiO 2,Y 2O 3,La 2O 3,HfSiO 4,LaAlO 3,BaTiO 3,SrTiO 3,LaLuO 3,CaCu 3Ti 4O 12
也就是说,该第一电介质层124和/或该第二电介质125可以是一种绝缘材料,也可以是多种绝缘材料的组合或者叠层,且包含至少一种相对介电常数大于或者等于9的high-k材料,包括Al 2O 3,HfO 2,ZrO 2,TiO 2,Y 2O 3,La 2O 3,HfSiO 4,LaAlO 3,BaTiO 3,SrTiO 3,LaLuO 3,CaCu 3Ti 4O 12。具体绝缘材料和电介质层厚度可根据电容器的容值、频率特性、损耗等需求来调整。当然,该第一电介质层124和/或该第二电介质125还可以包括一些其他的绝缘材料,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
可选地,该第二阈值为4.9eV。即该第一导电层121、该第二导电层122和该第三导电层123包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于4.9eV的高功函数导电材料。
可选地,该高功函数导电材料包括以下中的至少一种:铂、铱、镍、金、钴、铑,锇,铍,钯,硅化铂,硅化铱,硅化镍,硅化金,硅化钴,硅化铑,硅化锇,硅化铍,硅化钯。
可选地,该第一导电层121和/或该第二导电层122和/或该第三导电层123还包括以下中的至少一种:用作黏附层和/或阻挡层的导电材料,用于增加导电层厚度的金属钨和/或铜。
也就是说,该第一导电层121和/或该第二导电层122和/或该第三导电层123可以是一种导电材料,也可以是多种导电材料的组合或者叠层,且至少包含一种功函数大于4.9eV的高功函数(high work function)导电材料,包括铂(Pt)、铱(Ir)、镍(Ni)、金(Au)、钴(Co)、铑(Rh),锇(OS), 铍(Be),钯(Pd)以及上述材料的硅化物。该高功函数导电材料与电介质层直接接触。该第一导电层121和/或该第二导电层122和/或该第三导电层123还可以包含用作黏附层和/或阻挡层的导电材料,包括TiN、TaN、TiAlN、TaSiN、TaCN、Ru、RuO 2、IrO 2、PtO x。该第一导电层121和/或该第二导电层122和/或该第三导电层123还可以包含低电阻率的钨(W)和铜(Cu),用于增加导电层厚度,进一步降低电阻。具体导电材料和导电层厚度可根据电容器的容值、频率特性、损耗等需求来调整。
需要说明的是,该m层电介质层中的不同层电介质层的材料可以相同,也可以不同,本申请实施例对此不作限定。同理,该n层导电层中的不同层导电层的材料可以相同,也可以不同,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
步骤203,制备第一电极、第二电极、第三电极和第四电极,该第一电极电连接至位于该第一沟槽内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,该第二电极电连接至位于所述第一沟槽内的该n层导电层中的偶数层导电层,该第三电极电连接至位于该第二沟槽内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,该第四电极电连接至位于该第二沟槽内的该n层导电层中的偶数层导电层。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为同一电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140为同一电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容并联连接。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为不同的电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140为同一电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容串联连接。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为同一电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140为不同的电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容串联连接。
可选地,该第三电极180与该第一电极130为不同的电极,且该第四电极190与该第二电极140也为不同的电极。即设置于该第一沟槽10内的叠层结构120所形成的等效电容与设置于该第二沟槽40内的叠层结构120所 形成的等效电容为两个独立电容。
具体地,基于上述步骤201-203可以制备如图1、图2和图3所示的电容器。
应理解,步骤201-203中所述各材料层的上表面是指该材料层与衬底上表面基本平行的表面,而各材料层的内表面是指位于沟槽内材料层的上表面,上表面和内表面可以视为一个整体。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该方法200还包括:
制备至少一个第一通孔结构20,以使该第一电极130通过该至少一个第一通孔结构20电连接至位于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该方法200还包括:
制备至少一个第二通孔结构30,以使该第二电极140通过至少一个第二通孔结构30电连接至位于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该方法200还包括:
制备至少一个第三通孔结构50,以使该第三电极180通过该至少一个第三通孔结构50电连接至位于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该方法200还包括:
制备至少一个第四通孔结构60,以使该第四电极190通过至少一个第四通孔结构60电连接至位于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该方法200还包括:
制备互联结构,以使位于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接至该第一电极130,和/或,位于该第一沟槽10内的该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层电连接至该第二电极140,和/或,位于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接至该第三电极180,和/或,位于该第二沟槽40内的该n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层电连接至该第四电极190。
可选地,在一些实施例中,该方法300还包括:
在该衬底和该叠层结构上方沉积刻蚀停止层160,以及在该蚀停止层160 上方沉积层间介质层170。
具体地,在如图5h所示的结构中,首先,在该第一导电层121、该第二导电层122和该第三导电层123的上表面沉积刻蚀停止层160,如图5i所示。然后,在该刻蚀停止层160的上表面沉积该层间介质层170,如图5j所示。
可选地,该层间介质层170的材料可以是有机的聚合物材料,包括聚酰亚胺(Polyimide),帕里纶(Parylene),苯并环丁烯(BCB)等;也可以是一些无机材料,包括SOG,USG,BSG,PSG,BPSG,由TEOS合成的硅氧化物,硅的氧化物、氮化物,陶瓷;还可以是上述材料的组合。
可选地,作为一个实施例,上述步骤203具体可以包括:
在该叠层结构和该衬底的上方制备该电极层,且该电极层包括相互分离的第一导电区域、第二导电区域和第三导电区域,该第一导电区域形成该第一电极和该第三电极,该第二导电区域形成该第二电极,该第三导电区域形成该第四电极。
具体地,在如图5j所示的结构中,首先,采用深反应离子刻蚀对该层间介质层170进行刻蚀处理,以形成至少一个第一通孔结构20、至少一个第二通孔结构30、至少一个第三通孔结构50和至少一个第四通孔结构60。此时,该通孔结构的底部停留在该刻蚀停止层160上。接着,利用干法或者湿法工艺去除通孔结构底部露出的部分该刻蚀停止层160,以在该第一通孔结构20底部露出位于该第一沟槽10内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123,在该第二通孔结构30底部露出位于该第一沟槽10内的该第二导电层122,在该第三通孔结构50底部露出位于该第二沟槽40内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123,在该第四通孔结构60底部露出位于该第二沟槽40内的该第二导电层122,如图5k所示。然后,在各个通孔结构内沉积导电材料,如图5l所示。最后,在该层间介质层170上表面沉积电极层,并对该电极层进行光刻处理,以形成相互分离的第一导电区域、第二导电区域和该第三导电区域,该第一导电区域形成该第一电极130和该第三电极180,该第二导电区域形成该第二电极140,该第三导电区域形成该第四电极190,从而,制备如图1所示的电容器100。
需要说明的是,在通孔结构内沉积的导电材料可以是与该电极层相同的材料,当然,也可以不同,本申请实施例对此不作限定。
还需要说明的是,该刻蚀停止层160相对于该层间介质层170更耐刻蚀, 在刻蚀通孔结构时,可以将通孔结构的底部停留在不同深度的刻蚀停止层160上,再利用干法或者湿法工艺去除通孔结构底部露出的部分刻蚀停止层160,以使通孔结构贯穿该刻蚀停止层160。例如,该层间介质层170的材料为二氧化硅,该刻蚀停止层160的材料为氮化硅。
因此,设置该刻蚀停止层可以更好地控制刻蚀进程,以形成通孔结构。
可选地,作为另一个实施例,上述步骤203具体可以包括:
在该衬底下方制备第一电极和第三电极,以及
在该叠层结构和该衬底的上方制备第二电极和第四电极。
具体地,在如图5l所示的结构中,首先,在该层间介质层170上表面沉积电极材料,并进行光刻处理,以形成相互分离的第一导电区域、第二导电区域和第三导电区域,并且,该第一导电区域通过第一通孔结构20电连接至位于该第一沟槽10内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123,以及该第一导电区域通过第三通孔结构50电连接至位于该第二沟槽40内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123;该第二导电区域形成该第二电极140;该第三导电区域形成该第四电极190,如图5m所示。然后,在衬底110下方沉积电极材料,以形成该第一电极130和该第三电极180,从而,制备如图3所示的电容器100。
也就是说,该第一电极130(该第三电极180)可以通过衬底110电连接至该第一导电层121,以及该第一电极130(该第三电极180)通过该衬底110、该第一导电层121和该第一导电区域电连接至该第三导电层123。也即该第一电极130(该第三电极180)电连接该第一沟槽10和该第二沟槽40内的该第一导电层121和该第三导电层123。
应理解,该刻蚀停止层的作用可以参考制备如图1所示的电容器100的相关描述,在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是,在制备如图3所示的电容器100时,该衬底110可以是高掺杂、低电阻率硅晶圆。
可选地,在本申请一些实施例中,在制备该叠层结构之前,该方法200还包括:在该衬底上表面和该沟槽内表面沉积衬底绝缘层。即在步骤202之前,在该衬底上表面、该第一沟槽和该第二沟槽内表面沉积衬底绝缘层。此时,步骤202可以是在该衬底绝缘层上表面和内表面制备该叠层结构。
具体地,在如图5b所示的结构中,在衬底110的上表面、该第一沟槽 10和该第二沟槽40的内表面沉积绝缘材料,以形成该衬底绝缘层150,如图5n所示。然后,在该衬底绝缘层150上表面和内表面制备该叠层结构120。后续制备该叠层结构120、第一电极130、第二电极140、第三电极180、第四电极190、刻蚀停止层160和层间介质层170流程与制备如图1所示的电容器100的流程一致,从而,制备如图2所示的电容器100。
具体地,在衬底110的上表面、第一沟槽10和第二沟槽40的内表面生长或沉积一层绝缘材料,以形成该衬底绝缘层150。例如,使用热氧化的工艺,生长一层二氧化硅,以形成该衬底绝缘层150。又例如,使用CVD工艺,沉积一层氧化硅、氮化硅或氮氧化硅,以形成该衬底绝缘层150。再例如,使用ALD工艺,沉积一层氧化铝、氧化硅或氮化硅,以形成该衬底绝缘层150。可以单独使用上述某一种工艺,生长或沉积某一种材料;也可以使用一种或多种工艺,生长或沉积一种或多种材料。
因此,在本申请实施例提供的电容器的制作方法中,通过制备叠层结构的方式,可以得到包括较多导电层和电介质层的叠层结构,增大电容器的电容值。更进一步地,在叠层结构中,每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,以及每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,从而能够提升电容器的性能。
下面结合一个具体地实施例对本申请的电容器的制作方法作进一步说明。为了便于理解,在该实施例中制作如图2所示的电容器。当然,利用该实施例中的电容器的制作方法还可以制作如图1和图3所示的电容器,只是在电极层、衬底绝缘层的设置等部分有所区别,为了简洁,在此不再赘述。
步骤一:选用单晶硅晶圆作为衬底。利用Bosch工艺,在衬底上加工出高深宽比的沟槽阵列。其中,单个沟槽宽1.2μm,长20μm,深25μm。沟槽与沟槽的间隔0.8μm。
步骤二:利用热氧化工艺,在沟槽表面生长150nm的氧化硅,作为衬底绝缘层。
步骤三:沉积电容膜层。
具体地,利用ALD工艺,沉积一层50nm TiN和一层10nm Pt的叠层作为第一导电层。
利用ALD工艺,沉积一层1.5nm Al 2O 3,一层12nm HfO 2,一层1.5nm  Al 2O 3的叠层作为第一电介质层。
利用ALD工艺,沉积一层25nm Pt作为第二导电层。
利用ALD工艺,沉积一层1.5nm Al 2O 3,一层12nm HfO 2,一层1.5nm Al 2O 3的叠层作为第二电介质层。
先利用ALD工艺,沉积一层10nm Pt,一层25nm TiN;再利用CVD工艺,沉积一层300nm厚的W填满沟槽。上述导电材料叠层作为第三导电层。
步骤四:利用多步光刻工艺,形成台阶,露出第一、第二导电层,以形成叠层结构。
步骤五:利用CVD工艺,在台阶表面沉积一层氮化硅作为刻蚀停止层,沉积一层氧化硅作为层间介质层。
步骤六:利用光刻工艺,在各个台阶位置打开若干穿透层间介质层的导通孔。由于刻蚀停止层的材料相对于层间介质层更耐刻蚀,因此可以通过一个刻蚀步骤,将每个导通孔的底部停留在相应台阶的刻蚀停止层上。再利用干法或者湿法工艺去除导通孔底部露出的部分刻蚀停止层。
步骤七:在导通孔中沉积一层氮化钛并填充金属钨。最后利用表面平坦化工艺去除表面多余的导电材料和绝缘材料。
步骤八:利用PVD工艺,沉积一层金属铝,利用光刻形成第一电极和第二电极。该第一电极连通第一导电层和第三导电层,该第二电极连通第二导电层。
即基于上述步骤一至步骤八制备如图2所示的电容器100。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到,以上结合附图详细描述了本申请的优选实施方式,但是,本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本申请的技术构思范围内,可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合,为了避免不必要的重复,本申请对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本申请的思想,其同样应当视为本申请所申请的内容。

Claims (27)

  1. 一种电容器,其特征在于,所述电容器包括:
    衬底,包括相对设置的上表面和下表面;
    第一沟槽,设置于所述衬底,并自所述上表面向下进入所述衬底;
    叠层结构,设置在所述衬底上方和所述第一沟槽内,所述叠层结构包括m层电介质层和n层导电层,所述m层电介质层和所述n层导电层形成导电层与电介质层彼此相邻的结构,以使所述m层电介质层中相应的电介质层将所述n层导电层彼此电隔离,并且,所述m层电介质层中的每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,所述n层导电层中每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,m和n为正整数;
    第一电极,电连接至所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层;
    第二电极,电连接至所述n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电容器,其特征在于,在所述叠层结构中,所述每层导电层通过其所包括的高功函数导电材料与所述电介质层直接接触。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述第一阈值为9。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述第二阈值为4.9eV。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述高k绝缘材料包括以下中的至少一种:
    Al 2O 3,HfO 2,ZrO 2,TiO 2,Y 2O 3,La 2O 3,HfSiO 4,LaAlO 3,BaTiO 3,SrTiO 3,LaLuO 3,CaCu 3Ti 4O 12
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述高功函数导电材料包括以下中的至少一种:
    铂、铱、镍、金、钴、铑,锇,铍,钯,硅化铂,硅化铱,硅化镍,硅化金,硅化钴,硅化铑,硅化锇,硅化铍,硅化钯。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述n层导电层中每层导电层还包括以下中的至少一种:
    用作黏附层和/或阻挡层的导电材料,用于增加导电层厚度的金属钨和/或铜。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述电容器还包括:
    衬底绝缘层,设置于所述叠层结构和所述衬底之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述第一电极通过至少一个第一通孔结构电连接至所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。
  10. 根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述第二电极通过至少一个第二通孔结构电连接至所述n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
  11. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述电容器还包括:
    互联结构,用于将所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接至所述第一电极,和/或,将所述n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层电连接至所述第二电极。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述电容器还包括电极层,其中,所述电极层设置于所述叠层结构和所述衬底的上方,且所述电极层包括相互分离的第一导电区域和第二导电区域,所述第一导电区域形成所述第一电极,所述第二导电区域形成所述第二电极。
  13. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,
    所述第一电极设置于所述衬底下方,以及
    所述第二电极设置于所述叠层结构和所述衬底的上方。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的电容器,其特征在于,所述电容器还包括:第二沟槽、第三电极和第四电极,其中,
    所述第二沟槽设置于所述衬底,并自所述上表面向下进入所述衬底;
    所述叠层结构还设置于所述第二沟槽内,且设置于所述第二沟槽内的所述叠层结构与设置于所述第一沟槽内的所述叠层结构之间不存在电连接的导电层,或者,设置于所述第二沟槽内的所述叠层结构与设置于所述第一沟槽内的所述叠层结构之间存在部分电连接的导电层;
    所述第三电极电连接至设置于所述第二沟槽内的所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,所述第四电极电连接至设置于所述第二沟槽内的所述n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电容器,其特征在于,
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为同一电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极为同一电极;或者
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为不同的电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极为同一电极;或者
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为同一电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极为不同的电极;或者
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为不同的电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极也为不同的电极。
  16. 一种电容器的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
    在衬底上制备第一沟槽,所述第一沟槽自所述衬底的上表面向下进入所述衬底;
    在所述衬底上方和所述第一沟槽内制备叠层结构,所述叠层结构包括m层电介质层和n层导电层,所述m层电介质层和所述n层导电层形成导电层与电介质层彼此相邻的结构,以使所述m层电介质层中相应的电介质层将所述n层导电层彼此电隔离,并且,所述m层电介质层中的每层电介质层包括至少一种相对介电常数k大于或者等于第一阈值的高k绝缘材料,所述n层导电层中每层导电层包括至少一种功函数大于或者等于第二阈值的高功函数导电材料,m和n为正整数;
    制备第一电极和第二电极,所述第一电极电连接至所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,所述第二电极电连接至所述n层导电层中的偶数层导电层。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的制作方法,其特征在于,在所述叠层结构中,所述每层导电层通过其所包括的高功函数导电材料与所述电介质层直接接触。
  18. 根据权利要求16或17所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述第一阈值为9。
  19. 根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述第二阈值为4.9eV。
  20. 根据权利要求16至19中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,在制备所述叠层结构之前,所述制作方法还包括:
    在所述衬底上表面和所述第一沟槽内表面沉积衬底绝缘层;
    所述在所述衬底上方和所述第一沟槽内制备叠层结构,包括:
    在所述衬底绝缘层上表面和内表面制备所述叠层结构。
  21. 根据权利要求16至20中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制作方法还包括:
    制备至少一个第一通孔结构,以使所述第一电极通过所述至少一个第一通孔结构电连接至所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层。
  22. 根据权利要求16至21中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制作方法还包括:
    制备至少一个第二通孔结构,以使所述第二电极通过所述至少一个第二通孔结构电连接至所述n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层。
  23. 根据权利要求16至20中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制作方法还包括:
    制备互联结构,以使所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层电连接至所述第一电极,和/或,所述n层导电层中的所有偶数层导电层电连接至所述第二电极。
  24. 根据权利要求16至23中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制备第一电极和第二电极,包括:
    在所述叠层结构和所述衬底的上方制备电极层,且所述电极层包括相互分离的第一导电区域和第二导电区域,所述第一导电区域形成所述第一电极,所述第二导电区域形成所述第二电极。
  25. 根据权利要求16至23中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制备第一电极和第二电极,包括:
    在所述衬底下方制备所述第一电极,以及
    在所述叠层结构和所述衬底的上方制备所述第二电极。
  26. 根据权利要求16至25中任一项所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制作方法还包括:
    在所述衬底上制备第二沟槽,所述第二沟槽自所述衬底的上表面向下进入所述衬底;
    在所述衬底上方和所述第二沟槽内制备所述叠层结构,且位于所述第二沟槽内的所述叠层结构与位于所述第一沟槽内的所述叠层结构之间不存在 电连接的导电层,或者,位于所述第二沟槽内的所述叠层结构与位于所述第一沟槽内的所述叠层结构之间存在部分电连接的导电层;
    制备第三电极和第四电极,所述第三电极电连接至位于所述第二沟槽内的所述n层导电层中的所有奇数层导电层,所述第四电极电连接至位于所述第二沟槽内的所述n层导电层中的偶数层导电层。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的制作方法,其特征在于,
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为同一电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极为同一电极;或者
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为不同的电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极为同一电极;或者
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为同一电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极为不同的电极;或者
    所述第三电极与所述第一电极为不同的电极,且所述第四电极与所述第二电极也为不同的电极。
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