WO2020181675A1 - 一种灵活燃煤发电系统及运行方法 - Google Patents

一种灵活燃煤发电系统及运行方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020181675A1
WO2020181675A1 PCT/CN2019/092427 CN2019092427W WO2020181675A1 WO 2020181675 A1 WO2020181675 A1 WO 2020181675A1 CN 2019092427 W CN2019092427 W CN 2019092427W WO 2020181675 A1 WO2020181675 A1 WO 2020181675A1
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Prior art keywords
heat storage
storage medium
pressure heater
inlet
feedwater
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PCT/CN2019/092427
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
严卉
刘明
种道彤
王进仕
陈伟雄
严俊杰
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Priority to US17/043,675 priority Critical patent/US10968784B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D15/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
    • F01D15/10—Adaptations for driving, or combinations with, electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
    • F01K17/02—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant for heating purposes, e.g. industrial, domestic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K3/00—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein
    • F01K3/18—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters
    • F01K3/20—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by combustion gases of main boiler
    • F01K3/205—Plants characterised by the use of steam or heat accumulators, or intermediate steam heaters, therein having heaters with heating by combustion gases of main boiler more than one circuit being heated by one boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/22—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type the turbines having inter-stage steam heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/36—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of positive-displacement type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/40—Use of two or more feed-water heaters in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • F22D1/325—Schematic arrangements or control devices therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
    • F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
    • F22D1/34—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines and returning condensate to boiler with main feed supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/60—Application making use of surplus or waste energy
    • F05D2220/64—Application making use of surplus or waste energy for domestic central heating or production of electricity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of coal-fired power generation, in particular to a flexible coal-fired power generation system and an operation method.
  • coal-fired power generation and thermal power generators account for a large proportion of the installed capacity, and flexible peak-shaving power supply accounts for a small proportion. Therefore, the increased peak-shaving tasks after large-scale wind power, solar and other new energy power generation are connected to the grid will be mainly undertaken by coal-fired thermal power units.
  • the strong coupling between the boiler and the steam turbine of the existing thermal system unit limits the minimum output of the coal-fired generator set. At present, there is no reasonable solution to enable the thermal generator set to meet the requirements of the power grid for the variable load and low-load operation performance of the unit. It needs to be solved
  • the problems include:
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flexible coal-fired power generation system and operation method.
  • the system increases the external active heat storage of the unit, uses the heat storage medium to store high-temperature heat, and realizes the decoupling of the boiler and the unit. This enables the thermal power generating unit to meet the requirements of the power grid on the variable load performance of the unit.
  • a flexible coal-fired power generation system including a thermal system of a coal-fired generator set and a high-temperature heat storage system:
  • the thermal system of the coal-fired generator set includes a boiler 1, a high pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 2, a low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 3, a condenser 4, a condensate pump 5, a low pressure heater 6, a deaerator 7, a feed water pump 8, and a high pressure heating 9 two-stage high-pressure heater 10 and three-stage high-pressure heater 11; the thermal system of the coal-fired generator set also includes a first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12, a second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13, and a third-stage high-pressure heater A heater inlet regulating valve 14 and a three-stage high pressure heater outlet regulating valve 15; a heat storage medium heater 16 is also arranged in the flue of the boiler 1;
  • the high-temperature heat storage system includes a heat storage medium pump 17, a cold and heat storage medium tank 18, a cold and hot heat storage medium tank connection valve 19, a heat storage medium tank 20, a heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 and Thermal storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 22;
  • the inlet of the heat storage medium heater 16 is connected to the cold heat storage medium outlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 18 through the heat storage medium pump 17; the outlet of the heat storage medium heater 16 is connected to the heat storage medium of the heat storage medium tank 20 through a pipe.
  • the heat medium inlet is connected; the heat storage medium is connected with the heat storage medium outlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 21 and the cold heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 18 through a pipeline, and the heat storage medium is connected with the feedwater heat exchanger 21
  • the heat storage medium inlet and the outlet of the heat storage medium tank 20 are connected through the heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 22; the heat storage medium and the feedwater inlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 21 and the feedwater inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater 9 pass through the first stage
  • the high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12 communicates with the feedwater inlet of the two-stage high-pressure heater 10 through the two-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13, and the feedwater inlet of the three
  • the heat storage medium used by the high temperature heat storage system is heat transfer oil.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the flue of the boiler 1 where the heat storage medium heater 16 is located is greater than 400°C.
  • the above-mentioned flexible coal-fired power generation system operation method when the coal-fired unit needs to reduce the load, close the first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12, the second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13, and the third-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 14 and three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 15, open the cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 19, start the heat storage medium pump 17, through the heat storage medium pump 17 to enter the heat storage medium heater 16 and high temperature flue gas heat exchange
  • the flow rate of the cold and heat storage medium is adjusted, the heated heat storage medium enters the heat storage medium tank 20, and the heat storage medium in the cold and heat storage medium tank and the heat storage medium tank are adjusted through the cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 19
  • Mass balance the adjustment goal is: reduce the output of the steam turbine under the condition of stable combustion of the boiler 1; when the coal-fired unit needs to increase the load, stop the heat storage medium pump 17, open the heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 22, and pass the heat storage
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention realizes the decoupling of the furnace and the boiler by increasing the external heat storage of the coal-fired unit, which greatly improves the operational flexibility of the coal-fired power generation system.
  • the present invention can adjust the heat storage medium flow into the heat storage medium heater.
  • the boiler combustion volume can be kept as unchanged as possible, and the heat storage medium is used to store the remaining after the steam turbine load is met outside the coal-fired unit. High-grade energy, improve the low-load operation capacity of coal-fired power generation systems, and improve energy utilization efficiency.
  • the present invention can adjust one or more of the first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve, the second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve, the third-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve, and the third-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve to control entry into the storage.
  • the feed water temperature and flow rate of the heating medium and the feed water heat exchanger can increase the feed water temperature by exchanging heat with the heat storage medium outside the coal-fired unit, thereby improving the unit's rapid load change capability.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the flexible coal-fired power generation system of the present invention.
  • a flexible coal-fired power generation system of the present invention includes a thermal system of a coal-fired generating set and a high-temperature heat storage system:
  • the thermal system of the coal-fired generator set includes a boiler 1, a high pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 2, a low pressure cylinder of a steam turbine 3, a condenser 4, a condensate pump 5, a low pressure heater 6, a deaerator 7, a feed water pump 8, and a high pressure heating 9 two-stage high-pressure heater 10 and three-stage high-pressure heater 11; the thermal system of the coal-fired generator set also includes a first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12, a second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13, and a third-stage high-pressure heater A heater inlet regulating valve 14 and a three-stage high pressure heater outlet regulating valve 15; a heat storage medium heater 16 is also arranged in the flue of the boiler 1;
  • the high-temperature heat storage system includes a heat storage medium pump 17, a cold and heat storage medium tank 18, a cold and hot heat storage medium tank connection valve 19, a heat storage medium tank 20, a heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21 and Thermal storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 22;
  • the inlet of the heat storage medium heater 16 is connected to the cold heat storage medium outlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 18 through the heat storage medium pump 17; the outlet of the heat storage medium heater 16 is connected to the heat storage medium of the heat storage medium tank 20 through a pipe.
  • the heat medium inlet is connected; the heat storage medium is connected with the heat storage medium outlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 21 and the cold heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 18 through a pipeline, and the heat storage medium is connected with the feedwater heat exchanger 21
  • the heat storage medium inlet and the outlet of the heat storage medium tank 20 are connected through the heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 22; the heat storage medium and the feedwater inlet of the feedwater heat exchanger 21 and the feedwater inlet of the first-stage high pressure heater 9 pass through the first stage
  • the high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12 communicates with the feedwater inlet of the two-stage high-pressure heater 10 through the two-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13, and the feedwater inlet of the three
  • the heat storage medium used in the high-temperature heat storage system is heat transfer oil.
  • the temperature of the flue gas at the flue of the boiler 1 where the heat storage medium heater 16 is located is greater than 400°C.
  • the operating method of the flexible coal-fired power generation system of the present invention when the coal-fired unit needs to reduce the load, close the first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12, the second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13, and the third-stage high pressure
  • the flow rate of the cold and heat storage medium for high-temperature flue gas heat exchange is adjusted.
  • the heated heat storage medium enters the heat storage medium tank 20, and the cold and heat storage medium tank and the heat storage medium are adjusted through the cold and heat storage medium tank connection valve 19
  • the amount of heat medium stored in the tank is balanced, and the adjustment objective is: reduce the output of the steam turbine under the condition of stable combustion of the boiler 1; when the coal-fired unit needs to increase the load, stop the heat storage medium pump 17 and open the heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 22 , Through the heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 22 to adjust the heat storage medium flow into the heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger 21, through the primary high pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12, secondary high pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13.
  • the opening and closing of one or more of the three-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 14 and the three-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 15 regulates the flow and temperature of the feedwater entering the heat storage medium and feedwater heat exchanger 21, and regulates the target To increase the feed water temperature and make the rate of change of the main steam flow from boiler 1 into the high-pressure cylinder 2 of the steam turbine and the rate of change of the reheat steam flow into the low-pressure cylinder 3 of the steam turbine to meet the rate of change of the turbine electrical and mechanical load, so that the system can meet the rapid variable load rate Requirements.
  • the present invention uses a high-temperature heat storage system to operate in parallel outside the thermal system of a coal-fired generating unit, breaking the strong coupling between the boiler and the steam turbine of the thermal system unit.
  • the flow of the heat storage medium entering the heat storage medium heater 16 is adjusted ,
  • the boiler combustion volume can be kept as unchanged as possible, and the heat storage medium is used to store the high-grade energy remaining after meeting the load of the steam turbine outside the coal-fired unit, so as to realize the decoupling of the boiler and the boiler, improve the minimum load operation capacity of the coal-fired power generation system, and improve the energy utilization efficiency ;
  • adjust one or more of the first-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 12, the second-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 13, the third-stage high-pressure heater inlet regulating valve 14 and the third-stage high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 15 to control access to the storage
  • the feed water temperature and flow rate of the heating medium and the feed water heat exchanger 21 exchange heat with the heat storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
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Abstract

一种灵活燃煤发电系统及运行方法，该系统包括燃煤发电机组热力系统和与之并联且包含冷储热介质罐（18）、热储热介质罐（20）、储热介质泵（17）、储热介质与给水换热器（21）和接通阀等的高温储热系统；在锅炉（1）的烟道中布置储热介质加热器（16），储热介质加热器（16）与冷、热储热介质罐（18，20）连通；通过储热介质泵（17）对进入储热介质加热器（16）的储热介质流量进行调节，使得在锅炉（1）稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力；通过一级、二级、三级高压加热器入口调节阀（12，13，14）和三级高压加热器出口调节阀（15）中一个或多个的开断对进入储热介质与给水换热器（21）的给水流量和温度进行调节，使系统满足机组快速变负荷速率的要求。

Description

一种灵活燃煤发电系统及运行方法 技术领域
本发明涉及燃煤发电技术领域，具体涉及一种灵活燃煤发电系统及运行方法。
背景技术
我国电力系统中燃煤发电火电机组装机容量占比大，灵活调峰电源占比小，因而规模化风电、太阳能等新能源发电并网后增加的调峰任务将主要由燃煤火电机组承担。这对燃煤火力机组的灵活性提出了新要求，要求其能大幅度变负荷运行且具备高的变负荷速率。现有热力系统机组锅炉和汽轮机间的强耦合限制了燃煤发电机组的最低出力，目前尚未有合理的解决方案使得火力发电机组能够满足电网对机组变负荷和低负荷运行性能的要求，需要解决的问题包括：
1)当需要宽负荷运行时，汽轮机有良好的负荷调节能力但锅炉的最低负荷受到最低稳燃负荷的限制，因而锅炉是限制了燃煤机组的灵活性的主要因素，需要实现机炉解耦。
2)当电网要求快速变负荷时，系统内部蓄热能力有限，需要寻求更高效更有潜力的蓄热系统与传统燃煤发电系统相互配合。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种灵活燃煤发电系统及运行方法，该系统增加机组外部主动储热，利用储热介质高温储热，实现机炉解耦，使得火力发电机组能满足电网对机组变负荷性能的要求。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种灵活燃煤发电系统，包括燃煤发电机组热力系统和高温储热系统：其中，
所述燃煤发电机组热力系统包括锅炉1、汽轮机高压缸2、汽轮机中低压缸3、凝汽器4、凝结水泵5、低压加热器6、除氧器7、给水泵8、一级高压加热器9二级高压加热器10和三级高压加热器11；所述燃煤发电机组热力系统还包括一级高压加热器入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15；所述的锅炉1的烟道中还布置有储热介质加热器16；
所述高温储热系统包括依次相连的储热介质泵17、冷储热介质罐18、冷热储热介质罐连接阀19、热储热介质罐20、储热介质与给水换热器21和热储热介质罐出口调节阀22；
所述储热介质加热器16入口通过储热介质泵17与冷储热介质罐18的冷储热介质出口相连通；储热介质加热器16出口通过管道与热储热介质罐20的热储热介质入口相连通；所述储热介质与给水换热器21的储热介质出口与冷储热介质罐18的冷储热介质入口通过管道相连通，储热介质与给水换热器21的储热介质入口和热储热介质罐20的出口通过储热介质罐出口调节阀22相连通；储热介质与给水换热器21的给水入口与一级高压加热器9的给水入口通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀12相连通，还与二级高压加热器10的给水入口通过二级高压加热器入口调节阀13相连通，还与三级高压加热器11的给水入口通过三级高压加热器入口调节阀14相连通，还与三级高压加热器11的给水出口通过三级高压加热器出口调节阀15相连通；储热介质与给水换热器21的给水出口与三级高压加热器11的给水出口也相连通；所述高温储热系统的冷储热介质罐18与热储热介质罐20通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀19相连通；锅炉1的过热蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸2的入口相连通；锅炉1 的给水入口与三级高压加热器11的给水出口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的蒸汽出口通过锅炉1与汽轮机中低压缸3进汽口相连通，还通过管道与二级高压加热器10的过热蒸汽入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的第一级抽汽出口与三级高压加热器11的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的第一级抽汽出口与一级高压加热器9的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第二级抽汽出口与除氧器7的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第三级抽汽出口与低压加热器6的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的蒸汽出口与凝汽器4的进气口相连通；凝汽器4的水工质出口通过凝结水泵5与低压加热器6的水工质入口相连通；低压加热器6的水工质出口与除氧器7的水工质入口相连通；除氧器7的水工质出口通过给水泵8与一级高压加热器9的给水入口以及储热介质与给水换热器21的给水入口相连通；一级高压加热器9的给水出口与二级高压加热器10的给水入口通过管道相连通；二级高压加热器10的给水出口通过管道与三级高压加热器11的给水入口相连通。
所述高温储热系统使用的储热介质为导热油。
所述储热介质加热器16所处锅炉1烟道处的烟气温度大于400℃。
上述一种灵活燃煤发电系统的运行方法，当燃煤机组需要降负荷时，关闭一级高压加热器入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15，打开冷热储热介质罐连接阀19，启动储热介质泵17，通过储热介质泵17对进入储热介质加热器16与高温烟气热交换的冷储热介质的流量进行调节，加热后的储热介质进入热储热介质罐20，通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀19调节冷储热介质罐和热储热介质罐所存储热介质量平衡，调节目标为：在锅炉1稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力；当燃煤机组需要升负荷时，停止储热介质泵17，打开热储热介质罐出口调节阀22，通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀22对进入储热介质 与给水换热器21的热储热介质流量进行调节，通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15中一个或多个的开断对进入储热介质与给水换热器21的给水流量和温度进行调节，调节目标为：使给水温度提高且使从锅炉1进入汽轮机高压缸2的主蒸汽流量与进入汽轮机中低压缸3的再热蒸汽流量的变化率能够满足汽轮机电负荷变化率，使系统满足快速变负荷速率的要求。
和现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)本发明通过增加燃煤机组外部储热实现机炉解耦，大幅度提高燃煤发电系统运行灵活性。
(2)本发明可以调节进入储热介质加热器的储热介质流量，汽轮机要求低负荷运行时，锅炉燃烧量可以尽量不变化，利用储热介质在燃煤机组外部存储满足汽轮机负荷后剩余的高品位能量，提升燃煤发电系统低负荷运行能力，提高能量利用效率。
(3)本发明可以调节一级高压加热器入口调节阀、二级高压加热器入口调节阀、三级高压加热器入口调节阀和三级高压加热器出口调节阀中一个或多个控制进入储热介质与给水换热器的给水温度和流量，通过在燃煤机组外与储热介质换热，提高给水温度，从而提高机组快速变负荷能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明灵活燃煤发电系统示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做进一步详细说明。
如图1所示，本发明一种灵活燃煤发电系统系统，包括燃煤发电机组热力系统和高温储热系统：其中，
所述燃煤发电机组热力系统包括锅炉1、汽轮机高压缸2、汽轮机中低压缸3、凝汽器4、凝结水泵5、低压加热器6、除氧器7、给水泵8、一级高压加热器9二级高压加热器10和三级高压加热器11；所述燃煤发电机组热力系统还包括一级高压加热器入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15；所述的锅炉1的烟道中还布置有储热介质加热器16；
所述高温储热系统包括依次相连的储热介质泵17、冷储热介质罐18、冷热储热介质罐连接阀19、热储热介质罐20、储热介质与给水换热器21和热储热介质罐出口调节阀22；
所述储热介质加热器16入口通过储热介质泵17与冷储热介质罐18的冷储热介质出口相连通；储热介质加热器16出口通过管道与热储热介质罐20的热储热介质入口相连通；所述储热介质与给水换热器21的储热介质出口与冷储热介质罐18的冷储热介质入口通过管道相连通，储热介质与给水换热器21的储热介质入口和热储热介质罐20的出口通过储热介质罐出口调节阀22相连通；储热介质与给水换热器21的给水入口与一级高压加热器9的给水入口通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀12相连通，还与二级高压加热器10的给水入口通过二级高压加热器入口调节阀13相连通，还与三级高压加热器11的给水入口通过三级高压加热器入口调节阀14相连通，还与三级高压加热器11的给水出口通过三级高压加热器出口调节阀15相连通；储热介质与给水换热器21的给水出口与三级高压加热器11的给水出口也相连通；所述高温储热系统的冷储热介质罐18与热储热介质罐20通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀19相连通；锅炉1的过热蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸2的入口相连通；锅炉1的给水入口与三级高压加热器11的给水出口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的蒸汽出口通过锅炉1与汽轮机中低压缸3进汽口相连通，还通过管道与二级高压 加热器10的过热蒸汽入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸2的第一级抽汽出口与三级高压加热器11的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的第一级抽汽出口与一级高压加热器9的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第二级抽汽出口与除氧器7的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第三级抽汽出口与低压加热器6的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸3的蒸汽出口与凝汽器4的进气口相连通；凝汽器4的水工质出口通过凝结水泵5与低压加热器6的水工质入口相连通；低压加热器6的水工质出口与除氧器7的水工质入口相连通；除氧器7的水工质出口通过给水泵8与一级高压加热器9的给水入口以及储热介质与给水换热器21的给水入口相连通；一级高压加热器9的给水出口与二级高压加热器10的给水入口通过管道相连通；二级高压加热器10的给水出口通过管道与三级高压加热器11的给水入口相连通。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，高温储热系统使用的储热介质为导热油。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，储热介质加热器16所处锅炉1烟道处的烟气温度大于400℃。
如图1所示，本发明灵活燃煤发电系统的运行方法，当燃煤机组需要降负荷时，关闭一级高压加热器入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15，打开冷热储热介质罐连接阀19，启动储热介质泵17，通过储热介质泵17对进入储热介质加热器16与高温烟气热交换的冷储热介质的流量进行调节，加热后的储热介质进入热储热介质罐20，通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀19调节冷储热介质罐和热储热介质罐所存储热介质量平衡，调节目标为：在锅炉1稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力；当燃煤机组需要升负荷时，停止储热介质泵17，打开热储热介质罐出口调节阀22，通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀22对进入储热介质与给水换热器21的热储热介质流量进行调节，通过一级高压加热器 入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15中一个或多个的开断对进入储热介质与给水换热器21的给水流量和温度进行调节，调节目标为：使给水温度提高且使从锅炉1进入汽轮机高压缸2的主蒸汽流量与进入汽轮机中低压缸3的再热蒸汽流量的变化率能够满足汽轮机电负荷变化率，使系统满足快速变负荷速率的要求。
本发明采用高温储热系统并联运行于燃煤发电机组热力系统外，打破热力系统机组锅炉和汽轮机间的强耦合，汽轮机要求低负荷运行时，调节进入储热介质加热器16的储热介质流量，锅炉燃烧量可以尽量不变化，利用储热介质在燃煤机组外部存储满足汽轮机负荷后剩余的高品位能量，实现机炉解耦，提升燃煤发电系统最低负荷运行能力，同时提高能量利用效率；另外调节一级高压加热器入口调节阀12、二级高压加热器入口调节阀13、三级高压加热器入口调节阀14和三级高压加热器出口调节阀15中一个或多个控制进入储热介质与给水换热器21的给水温度和流量，在燃煤机组外与储热介质换热，提高给水温度，从而提高机组快速变负荷运行能力；本发明可以解决燃煤机组参与调峰时灵活性与低负荷运行能力不足的问题。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种灵活燃煤发电系统，其特征在于：包括燃煤发电机组热力系统和高温储热系统：其中，
    所述燃煤发电机组热力系统包括依次连接的锅炉(1)、汽轮机高压缸(2)、汽轮机中低压缸(3)、凝汽器(4)、凝结水泵(5)、低压加热器(6)、除氧器(7)、给水泵(8)、一级高压加热器(9)、二级高压加热器(10)和三级高压加热器(11)；所述燃煤发电机组热力系统还包括一级高压加热器入口调节阀(12)、二级高压加热器入口调节阀(13)、三级高压加热器入口调节阀(14)和三级高压加热器出口调节阀(15)；所述的锅炉(1)的烟道中还布置有储热介质加热器(16)；
    所述高温储热系统包括依次相连的储热介质泵(17)、冷储热介质罐(18)、冷热储热介质罐连接阀(19)、热储热介质罐(20)、储热介质与给水换热器(21)和热储热介质罐出口调节阀(22)；
    所述储热介质加热器(16)入口通过储热介质泵(17)与冷储热介质罐(18)的冷储热介质出口相连通；储热介质加热器(16)出口通过管道与热储热介质罐(20)的热储热介质入口相连通；所述储热介质与给水换热器(21)的储热介质出口与冷储热介质罐(18)的冷储热介质入口通过管道相连通，储热介质与给水换热器(21)的储热介质入口和热储热介质罐(20)的出口通过储热介质罐出口调节阀(22)相连通；储热介质与给水换热器(21)的给水入口与一级高压加热器(9)的给水入口通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀(12)相连通，还与二级高压加热器(10)的给水入口通过二级高压加热器入口调节阀(13)相连通，还与三级高压加热器(11)的给水入口通过三级高压加热器入口调节阀(14)相连通，还与三级高压加热器(11)的给水出口通过三级高压加热器出口调节阀(15)相连通；储热介质与给水换热器(21) 的给水出口与三级高压加热器(11)的给水出口也相连通；所述高温储热系统的冷储热介质罐(18)与热储热介质罐(20)通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀(19)相连通；锅炉(1)的过热蒸汽出口与汽轮机高压缸(2)的入口相连通；锅炉(1)的给水入口与三级高压加热器(11)的给水出口相连通；汽轮机高压缸(2)的蒸汽出口通过锅炉(1)与汽轮机中低压缸(3)进汽口相连通，还通过管道与二级高压加热器(10)的过热蒸汽入口相连通；汽轮机高压缸(2)的第一级抽汽出口与三级高压加热器(11)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸(3)的第一级抽汽出口与一级高压加热器(9)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第二级抽汽出口与除氧器(7)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通，第三级抽汽出口与低压加热器(6)的蒸汽入口通过管道相连通；汽轮机中低压缸(3)的蒸汽出口与凝汽器(4)的进气口相连通；凝汽器(4)的水工质出口通过凝结水泵(5)与低压加热器(6)的水工质入口相连通；低压加热器(6)的水工质出口与除氧器(7)的水工质入口相连通；除氧器(7)的水工质出口通过给水泵(8)与一级高压加热器(9)的给水入口以及储热介质与给水换热器(21)的给水入口相连通；一级高压加热器(9)的给水出口与二级高压加热器(10)的给水入口通过管道相连通；二级高压加热器(10)的给水出口通过管道与三级高压加热器(11)的给水入口相连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灵活燃煤发电系统，其特征在于：所述高温储热系统使用的储热介质为导热油。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种灵活燃煤发电系统，其特征在于：所述储热介质加热器(16)所处锅炉(1)烟道处的烟气温度大于400℃。
  4. 权利要求1至3任一项所述的一种灵活燃煤发电系统的运行方法，其特征在于：当燃煤机组需要降负荷时，关闭一级高压加热器入口调节阀(12)、二级高压加热器入口调节阀(13)、三级高压加热器入口调节阀(14)和三级 高压加热器出口调节阀(15)，打开冷热储热介质罐连接阀(19)，启动储热介质泵(17)，通过储热介质泵(17)对进入储热介质加热器(16)与高温烟气热交换的冷储热介质的流量进行调节，加热后的储热介质进入热储热介质罐(20)，通过冷热储热介质罐连接阀(19)调节冷储热介质罐(18)和热储热介质罐(20)所存储热介质质量平衡，调节目标为：在锅炉(1)稳定燃烧的条件下降低汽轮机出力；当燃煤机组需要升负荷时，停止储热介质泵(17)，打开热储热介质罐出口调节阀(22)，通过热储热介质罐出口调节阀(22)对进入储热介质与给水换热器(21)的热储热介质流量进行调节，通过一级高压加热器入口调节阀(12)、二级高压加热器入口调节阀(13)、三级高压加热器入口调节阀(14)和三级高压加热器出口调节阀(15)中一个或多个的开断对进入储热介质与给水换热器(21)的给水流量和温度进行调节，调节目标为：使给水温度提高且使从锅炉(1)进入汽轮机高压缸(2)的主蒸汽流量与进入汽轮机中低压缸(3)的再热蒸汽流量的变化率能够满足汽轮机电负荷变化率，使系统满足快速变负荷速率的要求。
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