CN111636934B - 一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统及运行方法 - Google Patents

一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统及运行方法 Download PDF

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CN111636934B
CN111636934B CN202010445472.3A CN202010445472A CN111636934B CN 111636934 B CN111636934 B CN 111636934B CN 202010445472 A CN202010445472 A CN 202010445472A CN 111636934 B CN111636934 B CN 111636934B
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严俊杰
刘明
刘继平
种道彤
邢秦安
王朝阳
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统及运行方法,本发明采用内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元,同时耦合高温储罐、低温储罐构成的储热系统,使机组在全工况范围内SCR催化剂工作温度可保持在300℃到400℃之间,确保了SCR催化剂在全工况范围内具有高活性,提高SCR脱硝效率。同时,高温储罐、低温储罐与汽轮机回热系统高压加热器组耦合,可以在燃煤发电系统需提升变负荷速率时,将储热能量迅速转化为功率输出,提高机组爬坡速率。另外,高温储罐、低温储罐内储存的热量部分来自于内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元、部分来自于锅炉内置储热介质加热器,通过燃煤锅炉各个负荷下热能的“削峰填谷”可有效提高机组的运行灵活性,同时提高机组的全工况运行锅炉效率。

Description

一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统及运行方法
技术领域
本发明属于燃煤发电领域,具体涉及一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统及运行方法。
背景技术
近几年来,可再生能源发电逐步发展壮大,燃煤机组的发电和装机占比逐渐降低,机组长期在低负荷工况运行已成为常态。此外,为充分消纳可再生能源发电,同时减小可再生能源发电负荷波动对电网的冲击,燃煤机组频繁参与调峰变负荷任务。
SCR脱硝催化剂在300℃到400℃范围内有较高的活性、脱硝效率高。为使机组在全工况范围内具有较高的脱硝效率,需要确保SCR催化层温度与催化剂高效温度区具有相一致性。锅炉尾部烟道出口烟气温度随负荷的降低而降低,当机组在低负荷运行时,烟气温度逐渐接近SCR催化剂高活性范围内的边缘。为了使机组在低负荷时锅炉尾部烟道烟气温度,可通过改变机组内部工质流向、减小受热面等措施;如采用省煤器旁路、增加0号加热器等具体方法。除机组内部受热面重构的方法,调整机组各部分受热分布。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提出了一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统及运行方法,该系统可以在机组运行于不同区间时发挥内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元的温度调节最优,从而维持SCR催化剂运行与脱硝催化剂活性最优运行区间。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统,包括沿烟气流向依次布置在锅炉1尾部烟道中的储热介质加热器2、省煤器3和内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4;所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4冷储热介质下部端口通过二号储热介质泵52、一号储热介质调节阀61与低温储罐42一号接口相连,还通过三号储热介质泵53、二号储热介质调节阀62与低温储罐42一号接口相连;所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4热储热介质上部端口与高温储罐41一号接口相连;储热介质加热器2冷储热介质入口通过一号储热介质泵51与低温储罐42二号接口相连,储热介质加热器2热储热介质出口与高温储罐41二号接口相连;所述高温储罐41三号接口与储热给水加热器43储热介质入口相连,储热给水加热器43储热介质出口与低温储罐42三号接口相连;储热给水加热器43给水入口通过二号给水调节阀72与给水泵9出口相连;储热给水加热器43给水出口与省煤器3给水入口相连;省煤器3给水入口还通过一号给水调节阀71依次与汽轮机回热系统高压加热器组8和给水泵9相连。
所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4由相连接的催化加热单元401和催化单元402构成,所述催化加热单元401由换热管束403与换热管束表面的催化剂涂层404构成。
所述一号储热介质泵51至四号储热介质泵54均为变频泵。
所述系统中的储热介质为导热油。
所述的一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统的运行方法,通过调节二号储热介质泵52、三号储热介质泵53、一号储热介质调节阀61和二号储热介质调节阀62调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4的工作温度,具体调节方法为,测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4的入口烟气温度:
1)若测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4入口烟气温度高于其最高工作温度,打开一号储热介质调节阀61、关闭二号储热介质调节阀62,关闭三号储热介质泵53、打开二号储热介质泵52,调节二号储热介质泵52转速,利用低温储罐42中的冷储热介质冷却烟气,并将加热后的热储热介质存储于高温储罐41中,调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4内部烟气温度至其工作温度区间;
2)若测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4入口烟气温度低于其最高工作温度,关闭一号储热介质调节阀61,打开二号储热介质调节阀62,打开三号储热介质泵53、关闭二号储热介质泵52,调节三号储热介质泵53转速,利用高温储罐41中的热储热介质加热烟气,并将冷却后的冷储热介质存储于低温储罐42中,调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4内部烟气温度至其工作温度区间;
计算高温储罐41和低温储罐42的储热容量,若储热容量不足,开启一号储热介质泵51,在储热介质加热器2中加热储热介质;
当燃煤发电系统需要快速升负荷时,打开二号给水调节阀72,减小一号给水调节阀71的开度,同时打开四号储热介质泵54,通过调节四号储热介质泵54转速及二号给水调节阀72开度,调节燃煤发电系统功率输出。
所述SCR脱硝催化单元4的工作温度区间为300~400℃。
和现有技术相比较,本发明具备如下优点:
(1)本发明可扩大SCR系统脱硝运行区间,可以实现全工况高效脱硝;
(2)本发明可以提高燃煤发电机组的爬坡速率至2.5%额定负荷/分钟以上;
(3)本发明可提高燃煤锅炉的全工况运行效率,提高锅炉效率0.3%左右。
附图说明
图1为本发明系统构成示意图。
图2为内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元构成示意图。
图3为催化加热单元示意图。
图4为案例燃煤发电机组采用本发明SCR出口烟气温度对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。
如图1所示,本发明一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统,包括沿烟气流向依次布置在锅炉1尾部烟道中的储热介质加热器2、省煤器3和内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4;所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4冷储热介质下部端口通过二号储热介质泵52、一号储热介质调节阀61与低温储罐42一号接口相连,还通过三号储热介质泵53、二号储热介质调节阀62与低温储罐42一号接口相连;所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4热储热介质上部端口与高温储罐41一号接口相连;储热介质加热器2冷储热介质入口通过一号储热介质泵51与低温储罐42二号接口相连,储热介质加热器2热储热介质出口与高温储罐41二号接口相连;所述高温储罐41三号接口与储热给水加热器43储热介质入口相连,储热给水加热器43储热介质出口与低温储罐42三号接口相连;储热给水加热器43给水入口通过二号给水调节阀72与给水泵9出口相连;储热给水加热器43给水出口与省煤器3给水入口相连;省煤器3给水入口还通过一号给水调节阀71依次与汽轮机回热系统高压加热器组8和给水泵9相连。
如图2和图3所示,作为本发明的优选实施方式,所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4由相连接的催化加热单元401和催化单元402构成,所述催化加热单元401由换热管束403与换热管束表面的催化剂涂层404构成。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,所述一号储热介质泵51至四号储热介质泵54均为变频泵,这样可以提高系统参数调节的准确性,保持系统运行于最优参数。
作为本发明的优选实施方式,所述系统中的储热介质为导热油,这样成本较低,同时可以与各能量利用环节进行较好的温区匹配。
本发明所述的一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统的运行方法,通过调节二号储热介质泵52、三号储热介质泵53、一号储热介质调节阀61和二号储热介质调节阀62调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4的工作温度,具体调节方法为,测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4的入口烟气温度:
1)若测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4入口烟气温度高于其最高工作温度,打开一号储热介质调节阀61、关闭二号储热介质调节阀62,关闭三号储热介质泵53、打开二号储热介质泵52,调节二号储热介质泵52转速,利用低温储罐42中的冷储热介质冷却烟气,并将加热后的热储热介质存储于高温储罐41中,调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4内部烟气温度至其工作温度区间;
2)若测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4入口烟气温度低于其最高工作温度,关闭一号储热介质调节阀61,打开二号储热介质调节阀62,打开三号储热介质泵53、关闭二号储热介质泵52,调节三号储热介质泵53转速,利用高温储罐41中的热储热介质加热烟气,并将冷却后的冷储热介质存储于低温储罐42中,调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元4内部烟气温度至其工作温度区间;
测量高温储罐41和低温储罐42的高温储热介质与低温储热介质的体积,通过高温储罐41与低温储罐42的储热温差,计算高温储罐41和低温储罐42的储热容量,若储热容量不足,开启一号储热介质泵51,在储热介质加热器2中加热储热介质;
当燃煤发电系统需要快速升负荷时,打开二号给水调节阀72,减小一号给水调节阀71的开度,同时打开四号储热介质泵54,通过调节四号储热介质泵54转速及二号给水调节阀72开度,调节燃煤发电系统功率输出。
所述SCR脱硝催化单元4的工作温度区间为300~400℃。
本发明提出了通过集成高温储罐41和低温储罐42,通过燃煤锅炉热量的“削峰填谷”确保SCR催化层的温度在催化剂高活性范围内。采用内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4),同时耦合高温储罐41和低温储罐42,使机组在全工况范围内内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元催化剂工作温度可保持在300℃到400℃之间,确保了SCR催化剂在全工况范围内具有高活性,提高SCR脱硝效率。同时,高温储罐41和低温储罐42与汽轮机回热系统高压加热器组8耦合,可以在机组需提升变负荷速率时,将储热能量迅速转化为功率输出,提高机组爬坡速率。另外,高温储罐41和低温储罐42内储存的热量部分来自于内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元、部分来自于锅炉内置储热介质加热器,通过燃煤锅炉各个负荷下热能的“削峰填谷”可有效提高机组的运行灵活性,同时提高机组的全工况运行锅炉效率。
本发明系统可以在机组运行于不同区间时发挥内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元的温度调节最优,从而维持SCR催化剂运行与脱硝催化剂活性最优运行区间。如图4所示,采用本发明的系统及运行方法,在燃煤发电系统负荷率在0.5以下时,维持SCR出口烟气温度在310℃以上。

Claims (6)

1.一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统,其特征在于:包括沿烟气流向依次布置在锅炉(1)尾部烟道中的储热介质加热器(2)、省煤器(3)和内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4);
所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)冷储热介质下部端口通过二号储热介质泵(52)、一号储热介质调节阀(61)与低温储罐(42)一号接口相连,还通过三号储热介质泵(53)、二号储热介质调节阀(62)与低温储罐(42)一号接口相连;所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)热储热介质上部端口与高温储罐(41)一号接口相连;
储热介质加热器(2)冷储热介质入口通过一号储热介质泵(51)与低温储罐(42)二号接口相连,储热介质加热器(2)热储热介质出口与高温储罐(41)二号接口相连;
所述高温储罐(41)三号接口与储热给水加热器(43)储热介质入口相连,储热给水加热器(43)储热介质出口通过四号储热介质泵(54)与低温储罐(42)三号接口相连;储热给水加热器(43)给水入口通过二号给水调节阀(72)与给水泵(9)出口相连;储热给水加热器(43)给水出口与省煤器(3)给水入口相连;省煤器(3)给水入口还通过一号给水调节阀(71)依次与汽轮机回热系统高压加热器组(8)和给水泵(9)相连。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统,其特征在于:所述内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)由相连接的催化加热单元(401)和催化单元(402)构成,所述催化加热单元(401)由换热管束(403)与换热管束表面的催化剂涂层(404)构成。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统,其特征在于:所述一号储热介质泵(51)至四号储热介质泵(54)均为变频泵。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统,其特征在于:所述系统中的储热介质为导热油。
5.如权利要求1至4任一项所述的一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统的运行方法,其特征在于:通过调节二号储热介质泵(52)、三号储热介质泵(53)、一号储热介质调节阀(61)和二号储热介质调节阀(62)调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)的工作温度,具体调节方法为,测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)的入口烟气温度:
1)若测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)入口烟气温度高于其最高工作温度,打开一号储热介质调节阀(61)、关闭二号储热介质调节阀(62),关闭三号储热介质泵(53)、打开二号储热介质泵(52),调节二号储热介质泵(52)转速,利用低温储罐(42)中的冷储热介质冷却烟气,并将加热后的热储热介质存储于高温储罐(41)中,调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)内部烟气温度至其工作温度区间;
2)若测量内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)入口烟气温度低于其最高工作温度,关闭一号储热介质调节阀(61),打开二号储热介质调节阀(62),打开三号储热介质泵(53)、关闭二号储热介质泵(52),调节三号储热介质泵(53)转速,利用高温储罐(41)中的热储热介质加热烟气,并将冷却后的冷储热介质存储于低温储罐(42)中,调节内热源式SCR脱硝催化单元(4)内部烟气温度至其工作温度区间;
计算高温储罐(41)和低温储罐(42)的储热容量,若储热容量不足,开启一号储热介质泵(51),在储热介质加热器(2)中加热储热介质;
当燃煤发电系统需要快速升负荷时,打开二号给水调节阀(72),减小一号给水调节阀(71)的开度,同时打开四号储热介质泵(54),通过调节四号储热介质泵(54)转速及二号给水调节阀(72)开度,调节燃煤发电系统功率输出。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种高效清洁高变负荷速率燃煤发电系统的运行方法,其特征在于:所述SCR脱硝催化单元(4)的工作温度区间为300~400℃。
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