WO2020177267A1 - 四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、设备及可读介质 - Google Patents
四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、设备及可读介质 Download PDFInfo
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- G05D1/10—Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions
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- the present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles and computer technology, and in particular to a control method, device, unmanned aerial vehicle equipment and computer readable medium of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle.
- the quadrotor UAV refers to a small aircraft that is operated by wireless remote control equipment or a self-prepared program control device, or is completely or intermittently operated by an on-board processing unit.
- this small drone has a wide range of applications, especially in photographic surveying and mapping, forest fire prevention, emergency rescue, emergency security, and agricultural prevention and control.
- quadrotor drones When quadrotor drones perform specific photographic mapping, forest fire prevention, rescue and disaster relief, emergency security, and agricultural prevention and control tasks, it is necessary to control drones to operate according to the designed route; however, quadrotor drones have four It is an under-driven high-order nonlinear system with six input quantities, but has six degrees of freedom. At the same time, there is a strong coupling relationship between the channels.
- a well-designed control algorithm determines the flight quality of the UAV, and puts forward high requirements for the design of the UAV flight control system.
- a control method, device, storage medium, and drone equipment for a quad-rotor drone are provided, and the position and attitude of the quad-rotor drone are tracked and controlled based on model prediction, which improves The accuracy of the path tracking control of the quadrotor UAV.
- a control method of a quadrotor drone including:
- Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
- the pose information includes position information and attitude information
- the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
- a control device for a quadrotor drone including:
- the target planning information acquisition module is used to acquire target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes expected pose parameters and expected control parameters;
- the current system parameter detection module is used to obtain the pose information and control information of the UAV system at the current moment, where the pose information includes position information and attitude information;
- the model prediction module is used to use the pose information, control information, expected pose parameters, and expected control parameters as inputs of the model prediction controller to obtain the position control value and the attitude control value output by the model prediction controller;
- the UAV control module is used to control the four-rotor UAV through the position control value and the attitude control value.
- an unmanned aerial vehicle device including a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes The following steps:
- Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
- the pose information includes position information and attitude information
- the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
- a computer-readable storage medium which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the following steps:
- Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
- the pose information includes position information and attitude information
- the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
- the quad-rotor drone After adopting the above-mentioned control method, device, storage medium and computer equipment of the quad-rotor drone, when the quad-rotor drone performs related tasks, plan the corresponding task and determine the corresponding target under the reference system Planning information; then during the flight of the quad-rotor UAV, the pose information and control information under the current system are obtained, and then the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information are processed with the current system pose The error between information and control information is used to obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quadrotor drone through model prediction, and then the quadrotor drone is controlled according to the position control value and attitude control value. So that the quadrotor UAV follows the target planning trajectory in the target planning information.
- the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
- the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a quadrotor drone in an embodiment
- Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a method flow of a model prediction process in an embodiment
- Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a model of a quadrotor drone in an embodiment
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the path according to the control method of the four-rotor drone in an embodiment
- Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for a quadrotor drone in an embodiment
- Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device running the above-mentioned method for controlling a quad-rotor drone in an embodiment.
- a method for controlling a quad-rotor UAV is proposed.
- the realization of the method can rely on a computer program that can run on a computer system based on the von Neumann system.
- the program can be an application that controls the route tracking of a quadrotor drone.
- the computer system may be a computer device such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a personal computer, a server and the like running the above computer program.
- the computer device that runs the control method of the four-rotor drone is a computer device connected to the drone device, for example, a controller connected to the drone device (the control The device can be a computer device such as a smart phone, a tablet, a personal computer, or a server).
- the execution of the control method of the above quad-rotor drone can also be based on a drone device.
- the device is provided with a processor, and the above-mentioned four-rotor drone control method is executed by the processor.
- a method for controlling a quad-rotor drone is provided, which specifically includes the following steps S102-S108:
- Step S102 Obtain target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes expected pose parameters and expected control parameters.
- the route of the quad-rotor UAV will be planned as needed, which corresponds to the quad-rotor UAV.
- Target planning information When the quad-rotor UAV is performing specific tasks related to photogrammetry, forest fire prevention, emergency rescue, emergency security, and agricultural prevention and control, the route of the quad-rotor UAV will be planned as needed, which corresponds to the quad-rotor UAV. Target planning information.
- the target planning information corresponding to the quad-rotor drone includes the pose information (position information, attitude information, also called status information) and control information corresponding to the quad-rotor drone, which is recorded as the desired position
- the attitude parameter X r and the desired control parameter U r are recorded as the desired position
- the attitude parameter X r and the desired control parameter U r are recorded as the desired position
- the control system where the target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone is located is called the reference system, and in this embodiment, it is assumed that the reference system is in the target planning information
- the target planning trajectory runs through, and the corresponding expected pose parameter X r and expected control parameter U r at a time can be determined.
- Step S104 Obtain the pose information and control information of the UAV system at the current moment, where the pose information includes position information and attitude information.
- the UAV's pose information can be detected and acquired through the corresponding UAV system (actual control system, current control system), and control information at every moment To control the specific trajectory of the quad-rotor UAV.
- the pose information X at the current moment and the control information U at the previous moment can be obtained.
- Step S106 Use the pose information, control information, desired pose parameters, and desired control parameters as inputs of the model prediction controller, and obtain the position control value and the attitude control value output by the model prediction controller.
- the path tracking control for the quad-rotor UAV is performed by the model predictive controller, which is used to track the aforementioned target planning by processing the deviation between the reference system and the UAV system.
- the target planning trajectory corresponding to the information is obtained by the model predictive controller to obtain the control predictive value (that is, the position control value and the attitude control value) in the predictive control time domain.
- step S106 further includes the following steps S1062-S1068:
- Step S1062 Establish a dynamic model corresponding to the four-rotor UAV, and construct a position error prediction model based on the dynamic model.
- Step S1064 Using the pose information, control information, and desired pose parameters and desired control parameters as inputs, calculate an optimized position control value through the position error prediction model.
- FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a quadrotor UAV model is given, including motor 1, motor 2, motor 3, motor 4, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 is motor 1, motor 2. Rotor speed corresponding to motor 3 and motor 4.
- earth coordinate system E (X e, Y e, Z e) and UAV body frame B (X b, Y b, Z b), four-rotor UAV position described by the world coordinate system, four-rotor
- the posture is expressed by the body coordinate system.
- the transformation matrix from the body coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system can be obtained.
- the aerodynamic effect of the quadrotor is that the rotation of the rotor is proportional to the square of its speed and the upward pull of the vertical rotor is proportional to the square of the speed.
- ⁇ i is the rotation speed of the i-th rotor
- b is the rotor lift coefficient
- d is the rotor drag coefficient.
- the force of the rotor during flight is F i :
- the torque provided by the lift of the four rotors of the quadrotor UAV is set as:
- M f (M Fx ,M Fy ,M Fz ),
- the dynamic torque generated by the UAV rotating around three axes in the aircraft system is:
- the attitude of the quadrotor is analyzed. Euler angles are used to describe the rotation relationship of the airframe coordinate system relative to the geodetic coordinate system.
- the dynamic model of the quadrotor UAV can be derived from the above formula:
- the quad-rotor UAV is decoupled according to the 6 degrees of freedom, and the flight state of the quad-rotor UAV is divided into four independent channels: up and down, left and right, front and rear, and yaw. Define variables: among them,
- U 1 is the control value of the upper and lower channels
- U 2 is the control value of the front and rear channels
- U 3 is the control value of the left and right channels
- U 4 is the control value of the yaw angle.
- a corresponding model predictive controller in this embodiment, the position error prediction model
- the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor UAV is written in the state-space form:
- X [x(t) u 0 (t) y(t) v 0 (t) z(t) w 0 (t)] T represents the state space vector, Represents the derivative of X.
- the reference state space model corresponding to the reference system is ideal, without external interference, and the quad-rotor drone is highly stable.
- the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor drone can be obtained:
- A(t) and B(t) are the Jacobian matrices related to X(t) and U(t) respectively.
- the Jacobian matrix Through the Jacobian matrix, the nonlinear system is approximately transformed into a continuous linear system, making it suitable for the design of model predictive controllers, and discretization processing can be obtained:
- X(k+1) A(k) ⁇ X(k)+B(k) ⁇ U(k).
- the above discretized system is divided into two subsystems, a height error prediction model and a horizontal error prediction model.
- the horizontal error prediction model is expressed as the following form
- X z (k+1) A z (k) ⁇ X z (k)+B z (k) ⁇ U z (k)
- ⁇ t is the sampling time
- the four-rotor UAV horizontal error prediction model is expressed as:
- X xy (k+1) A xy (k) ⁇ X xy (k)+B xy (k) ⁇ U xy (k),
- the position error prediction model of the model predictive control is obtained above, and the path tracking problem is transformed into a secondary planning problem under input constraints.
- the control input U 1 is obtained by the following secondary planning problem:
- k) U 1 (k)-U 1r (k) and X z (k) are height control errors.
- Position height control input can be obtained
- Step S1066 Based on the linear time-varying control law and the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor drone, construct a linear time-varying model based on the quad-rotor drone;
- Step S1068 Taking the position control value as input, and outputting the attitude control value.
- the attitude control method based on the linear time-varying control law is realized in the state space of the four-rotor UAV, and the attitude information is Each item represents the rate in the x direction y direction velocity z speed Roll angle rate Pitch rate Yaw rate Acceleration of gravity g, roll angle ⁇ , pitch angle ⁇ and yaw angle
- U (U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , U 4 ) T ; the system output is Vertical rate Roll rate Pitch angle ⁇ and yaw angle
- Step S108 Control the four-rotor drone through the position control value and the attitude control value.
- the aforementioned step S106 determines the position control value and attitude control value corresponding to the UAV control system.
- the position control value and attitude control value obtained by the prediction calculation can be used to control the quad-rotor UAV, and the position control value and attitude control value The value is used as the relevant control parameter in the guidance command required by the quad-rotor UAV to track the path, so that the quad-rotor UAV can track the target planned trajectory in the aforementioned target planning information for flight.
- the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined;
- the pose information and control information under the current system In the process of man-machine flight, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system , And obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quad-rotor drone through model prediction, and then control the quad-rotor drone according to the position control value and attitude control value so that the quad-rotor drone can follow The target planning trajectory in the target planning information.
- the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
- the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
- an embodiment of the present invention also provides a control device for a quad-rotor drone.
- the control device of the quadrotor drone includes:
- the target planning information acquisition module 102 is configured to acquire target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor UAV, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
- the current system parameter detection module 104 is configured to obtain the pose information and control information of the UAV system at the current moment, where the pose information includes position information and attitude information;
- the model prediction module 106 is configured to use the pose information, control information, desired pose parameters, and desired control parameters as the input of the model prediction controller to obtain the position control value and the attitude control value output by the model prediction controller;
- the drone control module 108 is configured to control the quadrotor drone through the position control value and the attitude control value.
- the four-rotor UAV control device when the four-rotor UAV performs related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then the four-rotor UAV During the flight, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and Obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quad-rotor drone through model prediction, and then control the quad-rotor drone according to the position control value and attitude control value, so that the quad-rotor drone follows the target plan The target planning trajectory in the information.
- the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
- the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
- the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is also used to establish a dynamic model corresponding to the four-rotor UAV, construct a position error prediction model based on the dynamic model; use the pose information, control The information, the desired pose parameters, and the desired control parameters are input, and the optimal position control value is calculated through the position error prediction model.
- the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is also used to construct a model prediction controller corresponding to the target planning information that satisfies the input constraints, and obtains the output position control value through an optimization solution method.
- the position error prediction model includes a height error prediction model and a horizontal error prediction model; the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is also used to combine the pose information, control information, desired pose parameters, and desired control parameters.
- Input the height error prediction model to obtain a height control value; input the pose information, control information, expected pose parameters, and desired control parameters into the horizontal error prediction model to obtain X-axis control values and Y-axis control values;
- the height control value, X-axis control value, and Y-axis control value are used as the position control value.
- the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is further configured to construct a linear time-based model based on the quad-rotor drone based on the linear time-varying control law and the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor drone.
- Variable model taking the position control value as input and outputting the attitude control value.
- the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is further configured to use the attitude control value as an independent variable and the position control value as a dependent variable, based on the dynamic model corresponding to the quadrotor drone A linear time-varying model corresponding to the quadrotor drone is established; the position control value is input into the linear time-varying model to obtain the attitude control value.
- Fig. 6 shows an internal structure diagram of a computer device in an embodiment.
- the computer device may specifically be a server.
- the computer device includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected through a system bus.
- the memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory.
- the non-volatile storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system, and may also store a computer program.
- the processor can realize the control method of the quadrotor drone.
- a computer program may also be stored in the internal memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor can execute the control method of the quadrotor drone.
- the network interface is used to communicate with the outside.
- FIG. 6 is only a block diagram of part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied.
- the specific computer device may Including more or fewer parts than shown in the figure, or combining some parts, or having a different arrangement of parts.
- the method for controlling the quadrotor drone provided by the present application can be implemented in the form of a computer program, and the computer program can be run on a computer device as shown in FIG. 6.
- the memory of the computer equipment can store various program templates that compose the control device of the quad-rotor drone.
- a computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the following steps:
- Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
- the pose information includes position information and attitude information
- the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
- the quad-rotor drone when the quad-rotor drone is performing related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then, during the flight of the quad-rotor drone, obtain The pose information and control information under the current system, and then by processing the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and obtain the correctness through model prediction
- the position control value and attitude control value of the quadrotor drone are controlled, and then the quadrotor drone is controlled according to the position control value and attitude control value, so that the quadrotor drone follows the target planning trajectory in the target planning information .
- the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
- the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
- a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the following steps:
- Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
- the pose information includes position information and attitude information
- the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
- the quad-rotor UAV when the quad-rotor UAV performs related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then the flight process of the quad-rotor UAV In, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and predict through the model To obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quad-rotor drone, and then control the quad-rotor drone according to the position control value and attitude control value, so that the quad-rotor drone follows the target planning information.
- Target planning trajectory when the quad-rotor UAV performs related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then the flight process of the quad-rotor UAV In, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and predict through
- the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor without
- the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
- Non-volatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
- Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory.
- RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous chain Channel (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.
- SRAM static RAM
- DRAM dynamic RAM
- SDRAM synchronous DRAM
- DDRSDRAM double data rate SDRAM
- ESDRAM enhanced SDRAM
- SLDRAM synchronous chain Channel
- memory bus Radbus direct RAM
- RDRAM direct memory bus dynamic RAM
- RDRAM memory bus dynamic RAM
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,包括:获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
- 根据权利要求1所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值的步骤,还包括:建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,基于所述动力学模型构建位置误差预测模型;以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值。
- 根据权利要求2所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述误差预设模型计算最优化的位置控制值和姿态控制值的步骤,还包括:构建与所述目标规划信息对应的满足输入约束的模型预测控制器,通过最优化求解方法获取的输出的位置控制值。
- 根据权利要求2所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述位置误差预测模型包括高度误差预测模型和水平误差预测模型;所述以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值的步骤,还包括:将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数输入所述高度误差预测模型,获取高度控制值;将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数输入所述水平误差预测模型,获取X轴控制值和Y轴控制值;将所述高度控制值、X轴控制值和Y轴控制值作为所述位置控制值。
- 根据权利要求2所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述误差预设模型计算最优化的位置控制值的步骤之后,还包括:基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型;以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值。
- 根据权利要求5所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型的步骤,还包括:将所述姿态控制值作为自变量、所述位置控制值作为因变量,基于所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的线性时变模型;所述以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值的步骤,还包括:将所述位置控制值输入所述线性时变模型,获取所述姿态控制值。
- 一种四旋翼无人机的控制装置,其特征在于,包括:目标规划信息获取模块,用于获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;当前系统参数检测模块,用于获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;模型预测模块,用于将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;无人机控制模块,用于通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
- 根据权利要求7所示的四旋翼无人机的控制装置,其特征在于,所述模型预测模块还用于:建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,基于所述动力学模型构建位置误差预测模型;以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值;基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型;以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值。
- 一种无人机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1至6中任一项所述方法的步骤。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1至6中任一项所述方法的步骤。
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