WO2020177267A1 - 四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、设备及可读介质 - Google Patents

四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、设备及可读介质 Download PDF

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WO2020177267A1
WO2020177267A1 PCT/CN2019/097730 CN2019097730W WO2020177267A1 WO 2020177267 A1 WO2020177267 A1 WO 2020177267A1 CN 2019097730 W CN2019097730 W CN 2019097730W WO 2020177267 A1 WO2020177267 A1 WO 2020177267A1
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control
information
control value
model
parameters
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French (fr)
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周翊民
陈金保
韩波
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology of CAS
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/10Simultaneous control of position or course in three dimensions

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  • the present invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles and computer technology, and in particular to a control method, device, unmanned aerial vehicle equipment and computer readable medium of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle.
  • the quadrotor UAV refers to a small aircraft that is operated by wireless remote control equipment or a self-prepared program control device, or is completely or intermittently operated by an on-board processing unit.
  • this small drone has a wide range of applications, especially in photographic surveying and mapping, forest fire prevention, emergency rescue, emergency security, and agricultural prevention and control.
  • quadrotor drones When quadrotor drones perform specific photographic mapping, forest fire prevention, rescue and disaster relief, emergency security, and agricultural prevention and control tasks, it is necessary to control drones to operate according to the designed route; however, quadrotor drones have four It is an under-driven high-order nonlinear system with six input quantities, but has six degrees of freedom. At the same time, there is a strong coupling relationship between the channels.
  • a well-designed control algorithm determines the flight quality of the UAV, and puts forward high requirements for the design of the UAV flight control system.
  • a control method, device, storage medium, and drone equipment for a quad-rotor drone are provided, and the position and attitude of the quad-rotor drone are tracked and controlled based on model prediction, which improves The accuracy of the path tracking control of the quadrotor UAV.
  • a control method of a quadrotor drone including:
  • Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
  • the pose information includes position information and attitude information
  • the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • a control device for a quadrotor drone including:
  • the target planning information acquisition module is used to acquire target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes expected pose parameters and expected control parameters;
  • the current system parameter detection module is used to obtain the pose information and control information of the UAV system at the current moment, where the pose information includes position information and attitude information;
  • the model prediction module is used to use the pose information, control information, expected pose parameters, and expected control parameters as inputs of the model prediction controller to obtain the position control value and the attitude control value output by the model prediction controller;
  • the UAV control module is used to control the four-rotor UAV through the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle device including a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes The following steps:
  • Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
  • the pose information includes position information and attitude information
  • the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • a computer-readable storage medium which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the following steps:
  • Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
  • the pose information includes position information and attitude information
  • the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • the quad-rotor drone After adopting the above-mentioned control method, device, storage medium and computer equipment of the quad-rotor drone, when the quad-rotor drone performs related tasks, plan the corresponding task and determine the corresponding target under the reference system Planning information; then during the flight of the quad-rotor UAV, the pose information and control information under the current system are obtained, and then the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information are processed with the current system pose The error between information and control information is used to obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quadrotor drone through model prediction, and then the quadrotor drone is controlled according to the position control value and attitude control value. So that the quadrotor UAV follows the target planning trajectory in the target planning information.
  • the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
  • the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a control method of a quadrotor drone in an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a method flow of a model prediction process in an embodiment
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a model of a quadrotor drone in an embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the path according to the control method of the four-rotor drone in an embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device for a quadrotor drone in an embodiment
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a computer device running the above-mentioned method for controlling a quad-rotor drone in an embodiment.
  • a method for controlling a quad-rotor UAV is proposed.
  • the realization of the method can rely on a computer program that can run on a computer system based on the von Neumann system.
  • the program can be an application that controls the route tracking of a quadrotor drone.
  • the computer system may be a computer device such as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a personal computer, a server and the like running the above computer program.
  • the computer device that runs the control method of the four-rotor drone is a computer device connected to the drone device, for example, a controller connected to the drone device (the control The device can be a computer device such as a smart phone, a tablet, a personal computer, or a server).
  • the execution of the control method of the above quad-rotor drone can also be based on a drone device.
  • the device is provided with a processor, and the above-mentioned four-rotor drone control method is executed by the processor.
  • a method for controlling a quad-rotor drone is provided, which specifically includes the following steps S102-S108:
  • Step S102 Obtain target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes expected pose parameters and expected control parameters.
  • the route of the quad-rotor UAV will be planned as needed, which corresponds to the quad-rotor UAV.
  • Target planning information When the quad-rotor UAV is performing specific tasks related to photogrammetry, forest fire prevention, emergency rescue, emergency security, and agricultural prevention and control, the route of the quad-rotor UAV will be planned as needed, which corresponds to the quad-rotor UAV. Target planning information.
  • the target planning information corresponding to the quad-rotor drone includes the pose information (position information, attitude information, also called status information) and control information corresponding to the quad-rotor drone, which is recorded as the desired position
  • the attitude parameter X r and the desired control parameter U r are recorded as the desired position
  • the attitude parameter X r and the desired control parameter U r are recorded as the desired position
  • the control system where the target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone is located is called the reference system, and in this embodiment, it is assumed that the reference system is in the target planning information
  • the target planning trajectory runs through, and the corresponding expected pose parameter X r and expected control parameter U r at a time can be determined.
  • Step S104 Obtain the pose information and control information of the UAV system at the current moment, where the pose information includes position information and attitude information.
  • the UAV's pose information can be detected and acquired through the corresponding UAV system (actual control system, current control system), and control information at every moment To control the specific trajectory of the quad-rotor UAV.
  • the pose information X at the current moment and the control information U at the previous moment can be obtained.
  • Step S106 Use the pose information, control information, desired pose parameters, and desired control parameters as inputs of the model prediction controller, and obtain the position control value and the attitude control value output by the model prediction controller.
  • the path tracking control for the quad-rotor UAV is performed by the model predictive controller, which is used to track the aforementioned target planning by processing the deviation between the reference system and the UAV system.
  • the target planning trajectory corresponding to the information is obtained by the model predictive controller to obtain the control predictive value (that is, the position control value and the attitude control value) in the predictive control time domain.
  • step S106 further includes the following steps S1062-S1068:
  • Step S1062 Establish a dynamic model corresponding to the four-rotor UAV, and construct a position error prediction model based on the dynamic model.
  • Step S1064 Using the pose information, control information, and desired pose parameters and desired control parameters as inputs, calculate an optimized position control value through the position error prediction model.
  • FIG. 3 a schematic diagram of a quadrotor UAV model is given, including motor 1, motor 2, motor 3, motor 4, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ 4 is motor 1, motor 2. Rotor speed corresponding to motor 3 and motor 4.
  • earth coordinate system E (X e, Y e, Z e) and UAV body frame B (X b, Y b, Z b), four-rotor UAV position described by the world coordinate system, four-rotor
  • the posture is expressed by the body coordinate system.
  • the transformation matrix from the body coordinate system to the geodetic coordinate system can be obtained.
  • the aerodynamic effect of the quadrotor is that the rotation of the rotor is proportional to the square of its speed and the upward pull of the vertical rotor is proportional to the square of the speed.
  • ⁇ i is the rotation speed of the i-th rotor
  • b is the rotor lift coefficient
  • d is the rotor drag coefficient.
  • the force of the rotor during flight is F i :
  • the torque provided by the lift of the four rotors of the quadrotor UAV is set as:
  • M f (M Fx ,M Fy ,M Fz ),
  • the dynamic torque generated by the UAV rotating around three axes in the aircraft system is:
  • the attitude of the quadrotor is analyzed. Euler angles are used to describe the rotation relationship of the airframe coordinate system relative to the geodetic coordinate system.
  • the dynamic model of the quadrotor UAV can be derived from the above formula:
  • the quad-rotor UAV is decoupled according to the 6 degrees of freedom, and the flight state of the quad-rotor UAV is divided into four independent channels: up and down, left and right, front and rear, and yaw. Define variables: among them,
  • U 1 is the control value of the upper and lower channels
  • U 2 is the control value of the front and rear channels
  • U 3 is the control value of the left and right channels
  • U 4 is the control value of the yaw angle.
  • a corresponding model predictive controller in this embodiment, the position error prediction model
  • the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor UAV is written in the state-space form:
  • X [x(t) u 0 (t) y(t) v 0 (t) z(t) w 0 (t)] T represents the state space vector, Represents the derivative of X.
  • the reference state space model corresponding to the reference system is ideal, without external interference, and the quad-rotor drone is highly stable.
  • the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor drone can be obtained:
  • A(t) and B(t) are the Jacobian matrices related to X(t) and U(t) respectively.
  • the Jacobian matrix Through the Jacobian matrix, the nonlinear system is approximately transformed into a continuous linear system, making it suitable for the design of model predictive controllers, and discretization processing can be obtained:
  • X(k+1) A(k) ⁇ X(k)+B(k) ⁇ U(k).
  • the above discretized system is divided into two subsystems, a height error prediction model and a horizontal error prediction model.
  • the horizontal error prediction model is expressed as the following form
  • X z (k+1) A z (k) ⁇ X z (k)+B z (k) ⁇ U z (k)
  • ⁇ t is the sampling time
  • the four-rotor UAV horizontal error prediction model is expressed as:
  • X xy (k+1) A xy (k) ⁇ X xy (k)+B xy (k) ⁇ U xy (k),
  • the position error prediction model of the model predictive control is obtained above, and the path tracking problem is transformed into a secondary planning problem under input constraints.
  • the control input U 1 is obtained by the following secondary planning problem:
  • k) U 1 (k)-U 1r (k) and X z (k) are height control errors.
  • Position height control input can be obtained
  • Step S1066 Based on the linear time-varying control law and the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor drone, construct a linear time-varying model based on the quad-rotor drone;
  • Step S1068 Taking the position control value as input, and outputting the attitude control value.
  • the attitude control method based on the linear time-varying control law is realized in the state space of the four-rotor UAV, and the attitude information is Each item represents the rate in the x direction y direction velocity z speed Roll angle rate Pitch rate Yaw rate Acceleration of gravity g, roll angle ⁇ , pitch angle ⁇ and yaw angle
  • U (U 1 , U 2 , U 3 , U 4 ) T ; the system output is Vertical rate Roll rate Pitch angle ⁇ and yaw angle
  • Step S108 Control the four-rotor drone through the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • the aforementioned step S106 determines the position control value and attitude control value corresponding to the UAV control system.
  • the position control value and attitude control value obtained by the prediction calculation can be used to control the quad-rotor UAV, and the position control value and attitude control value The value is used as the relevant control parameter in the guidance command required by the quad-rotor UAV to track the path, so that the quad-rotor UAV can track the target planned trajectory in the aforementioned target planning information for flight.
  • the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined;
  • the pose information and control information under the current system In the process of man-machine flight, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system , And obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quad-rotor drone through model prediction, and then control the quad-rotor drone according to the position control value and attitude control value so that the quad-rotor drone can follow The target planning trajectory in the target planning information.
  • the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
  • the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a control device for a quad-rotor drone.
  • the control device of the quadrotor drone includes:
  • the target planning information acquisition module 102 is configured to acquire target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor UAV, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
  • the current system parameter detection module 104 is configured to obtain the pose information and control information of the UAV system at the current moment, where the pose information includes position information and attitude information;
  • the model prediction module 106 is configured to use the pose information, control information, desired pose parameters, and desired control parameters as the input of the model prediction controller to obtain the position control value and the attitude control value output by the model prediction controller;
  • the drone control module 108 is configured to control the quadrotor drone through the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • the four-rotor UAV control device when the four-rotor UAV performs related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then the four-rotor UAV During the flight, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and Obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quad-rotor drone through model prediction, and then control the quad-rotor drone according to the position control value and attitude control value, so that the quad-rotor drone follows the target plan The target planning trajectory in the information.
  • the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
  • the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
  • the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is also used to establish a dynamic model corresponding to the four-rotor UAV, construct a position error prediction model based on the dynamic model; use the pose information, control The information, the desired pose parameters, and the desired control parameters are input, and the optimal position control value is calculated through the position error prediction model.
  • the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is also used to construct a model prediction controller corresponding to the target planning information that satisfies the input constraints, and obtains the output position control value through an optimization solution method.
  • the position error prediction model includes a height error prediction model and a horizontal error prediction model; the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is also used to combine the pose information, control information, desired pose parameters, and desired control parameters.
  • Input the height error prediction model to obtain a height control value; input the pose information, control information, expected pose parameters, and desired control parameters into the horizontal error prediction model to obtain X-axis control values and Y-axis control values;
  • the height control value, X-axis control value, and Y-axis control value are used as the position control value.
  • the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is further configured to construct a linear time-based model based on the quad-rotor drone based on the linear time-varying control law and the dynamic model corresponding to the quad-rotor drone.
  • Variable model taking the position control value as input and outputting the attitude control value.
  • the aforementioned model prediction module 106 is further configured to use the attitude control value as an independent variable and the position control value as a dependent variable, based on the dynamic model corresponding to the quadrotor drone A linear time-varying model corresponding to the quadrotor drone is established; the position control value is input into the linear time-varying model to obtain the attitude control value.
  • Fig. 6 shows an internal structure diagram of a computer device in an embodiment.
  • the computer device may specifically be a server.
  • the computer device includes a processor, a memory, and a network interface connected through a system bus.
  • the memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory.
  • the non-volatile storage medium of the computer device stores an operating system, and may also store a computer program.
  • the processor can realize the control method of the quadrotor drone.
  • a computer program may also be stored in the internal memory, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor can execute the control method of the quadrotor drone.
  • the network interface is used to communicate with the outside.
  • FIG. 6 is only a block diagram of part of the structure related to the solution of the present application, and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the solution of the present application is applied.
  • the specific computer device may Including more or fewer parts than shown in the figure, or combining some parts, or having a different arrangement of parts.
  • the method for controlling the quadrotor drone provided by the present application can be implemented in the form of a computer program, and the computer program can be run on a computer device as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the memory of the computer equipment can store various program templates that compose the control device of the quad-rotor drone.
  • a computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the following steps:
  • Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
  • the pose information includes position information and attitude information
  • the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • the quad-rotor drone when the quad-rotor drone is performing related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then, during the flight of the quad-rotor drone, obtain The pose information and control information under the current system, and then by processing the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and obtain the correctness through model prediction
  • the position control value and attitude control value of the quadrotor drone are controlled, and then the quadrotor drone is controlled according to the position control value and attitude control value, so that the quadrotor drone follows the target planning trajectory in the target planning information .
  • the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor unmanned
  • the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
  • a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor executes the following steps:
  • Target planning information corresponding to the quadrotor drone, where the target planning information includes desired pose parameters and desired control parameters;
  • the pose information includes position information and attitude information
  • the four-rotor drone is controlled by the position control value and the attitude control value.
  • the quad-rotor UAV when the quad-rotor UAV performs related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then the flight process of the quad-rotor UAV In, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and predict through the model To obtain the position control value and attitude control value of the quad-rotor drone, and then control the quad-rotor drone according to the position control value and attitude control value, so that the quad-rotor drone follows the target planning information.
  • Target planning trajectory when the quad-rotor UAV performs related tasks, the corresponding task is planned, and the corresponding target planning information under the reference system is determined; then the flight process of the quad-rotor UAV In, obtain the pose information and control information under the current system, and then process the error between the expected pose information and expected control information in the target planning information and the pose information and control information under the current system, and predict through
  • the predictive control value in the predictive time domain is predicted by referring to the error between the system and the current system and the dynamic model of the quad-rotor UAV, and the predictive control value is regarded as the quad-rotor without
  • the control parameters of the guidance command of the human-machine path tracking realize the tracking control of the UAV path.
  • Non-volatile memory may include read only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory.
  • Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory.
  • RAM is available in many forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous chain Channel (Synchlink) DRAM (SLDRAM), memory bus (Rambus) direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.
  • SRAM static RAM
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM synchronous DRAM
  • DDRSDRAM double data rate SDRAM
  • ESDRAM enhanced SDRAM
  • SLDRAM synchronous chain Channel
  • memory bus Radbus direct RAM
  • RDRAM direct memory bus dynamic RAM
  • RDRAM memory bus dynamic RAM

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Abstract

一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及计算机设备,可提高四旋翼无人机的路径跟踪控制的准确度。该控制方法包括:获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数(S102);获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息(S104);将位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值(S106);通过位置控制值和姿态控制值对四旋翼无人机进行控制(S108)。

Description

四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、设备及可读介质 技术领域
本发明涉及无人机技术领域和计算机技术领域,尤其涉及一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、无人机设备及计算机可读介质。
背景技术
随着计算机技术的发展,带动新一轮的人工智能革命,无人机智能化成为趋势。其中,四旋翼无人机是指利用无线遥控设备或机自备的程序控制装置操纵的小型飞行器,或者由机载处理单元完全或间歇地自主操作。目前,因独特的结构和动力学特性,这种小型无人机应用领域极其广泛,尤其在摄影测绘、森林防火、抢险救灾、应急安保、农业防治等方面凸显独特优势。
在四旋翼无人机进行具体的摄影测绘、森林防火、抢险救灾、应急安保、农业防治的相关任务时,需要控制无人机按照设计好的路线进行运行;但是,四旋翼无人机有四个输入量,但是却具有六个自由度,是一个欠驱动高阶非线性系统,同时各通道之间具有强烈的耦合关系。针对四旋翼动力学特性,设计良好的控制算法决定了无人机的飞行品质,对无人机飞行控制系统的设计提出了高要求。
但是,在目前的无人机飞行路径的控制方案中,因为四旋翼无人机的动力学模型的复杂性、模型参数的不确定性和建模不精确性,导致了无人机飞行路径的控制系统的可靠性和准确度存在一定的不足,在实际任务的执行过程中,导致了无人机的飞行路径与原设计的参考路径之间存在较大的误差,达不到预先设计的任务效果。
发明内容
基于此,在本发明中,提供了一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及无人机设备,基于模型预测对四旋翼无人机的位置、姿态进行跟踪控制, 提高了四旋翼无人机的路径跟踪控制的准确度。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法,包括:
获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种四旋翼无人机的控制装置,包括:
目标规划信息获取模块,用于获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
当前系统参数检测模块,用于获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
模型预测模块,用于将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
无人机控制模块,用于通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
在本发明的第三方面,还提出了一种无人机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行以下步骤:
获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
在本发明的第四方面,还提出了一种计算机可读存储介质,存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行以下步骤:
获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
实施本发明实施例,将具有如下有益效果:
采用了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及计算机设备之后,在四旋翼无人机进行相关任务时,对相应的任务进行路径规划,并确定在该参考系统下对应的目标规划信息;然后在四旋翼无人机飞行的过程中,获取当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息,然后通过处理目标规划信息中的期望位姿信息和期望控制信息与当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息之间的误差,并通过模型预测来获取对四旋翼无人机进行控制的位置控制值和姿态控制值,再根据位置控制值和姿态控制值对四旋翼无人机进行控制,以使四旋翼无人机跟随目标规划信息中的目标规划轨迹。也就是说,在本实施例中,通过参考系统与当前系统之间的误差和四旋翼无人机的动力学模型来预测在预测时域内的预测控制值,根据该预测控制值作为四旋翼无人机进行路径跟踪的引导命令的控制参数,实现了无人机路径的跟踪控制。采用了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及计算机设备之后,避免了因为多变量多约束系统下的不确定性和准确度不足的问题,提高了路径跟踪控制的精准度。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
其中:
图1为一个实施例中一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法的流程示意图;
图2为一个实施例中模型预测过程的方法流程示意图;
图3为一个实施例中四旋翼无人机的模型示意图;
图4为一个实施例中四旋翼无人机的控制方法下路径根据控制的示意图;
图5为一个实施例中一种四旋翼无人机的控制装置的结构示意图;
图6为一个实施例中运行上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法的计算机设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本实施例中,特提出了一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法,该方法的实现可依赖于计算机程序,该计算机程序可运行于基于冯诺依曼体系的计算机系统之上,该计算机程序可以是对四旋翼无人机的路线跟踪进行控制的应用程序。该计算机系统可以是运行上述计算机程序的例如智能手机、平板电脑、个人电脑、服务器等计算机设备。
需要说明的是,在本实施例中,运行上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法的计算机设备为一与无人机设备连接的计算机设备,例如,与无人机设备连接的控制器(该控制器可以是智能手机、平板电脑、个人电脑或服务器等计算机设备),在另一个实施例中,上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法的执行还可以是基于一无人机设备,该无人机设备上设置有处理器,通过该处理器来执行上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法。
如图1所示,在一个实施例中,提供了一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法,具 体包括如下步骤S102-S108:
步骤S102:获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数。
在四旋翼无人机进行具体的摄影测绘、森林防火、抢险救灾、应急安保、农业防治的相关任务时,根据需要会对四旋翼无人机的路线进行规划,即与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息。
在本实施例中,与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息包括与四旋翼无人机对应的位姿信息(位置信息、姿态信息,也称为状态信息)以及控制信息,记为期望位姿参数X r和期望控制参数U r
需要说明的是,在本实施例中,将与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息所在的控制系统称之为参考系统,并且,在本实施例中,假定参考系统在目标规划信息对应的目标规划轨迹上跑通,可确定在一个时刻上对应的期望位姿参数X r和期望控制参数U r
步骤S104:获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息。
在四旋翼无人机的飞行过程中,可以通过相应的无人机系统(实际控制系统、当前控制系统)对无人机的位姿信息进行检测和获取,并且通过控制每一个时刻的控制信息的输入来控制四旋翼无人机的具体运行轨迹。
也就是说,通过对无人机系统的控制,可以获取在当前时刻下的位姿信息X、以及前一时刻下的控制信息U。
步骤S106:将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值。
在本实施例中,对于四旋翼无人机的路径跟踪控制是通过模型预测控制器进行的,是通过处理参考系统和无人机系统之间的偏差,利用模型预测控制器来跟踪前述目标规划信息对应的目标规划轨迹,也即通过模型预测控制器获取在预测控制时域内的控制预测值(即位置控制值和姿态控制值)。
在一个具体的实施例中,如图2所示,上述步骤S106还包括如下步骤S1062-S1068:
步骤S1062:建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,基于所述动力学模型构建位置误差预测模型。
步骤S1064:以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值。
在本步骤中,需要根据四旋翼无人机的动力学特征,建立与之对应的动力学模型。
具体的,如图3所示,给出了四旋翼无人机的模型示意图,包括电机1、电机2、电机3、电机4,ω 1、ω 2,ω 3,ω 4为电机1、电机2、电机3、电机4对应的旋翼转速。
定义大地坐标系E(X e,Y e,Z e)和无人机的机体坐标系B(X b,Y b,Z b),四旋翼无人机的位置通过大地坐标系描述,四旋翼姿态通过机体坐标系表示,经过坐标系转换,可以得到机体坐标系到大地坐标系的变换矩阵
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000002
四旋翼的空气动力学效应是旋翼自转产生与其转速的平方成正比且垂直旋翼向上的拉力,大小与转速的平方成正比。设F i为第i(i=1,2,3,4)旋翼提供的升力,ω i为第i个旋翼转速,b为旋翼升力系数,d为旋翼阻力系数。旋翼在飞行过程中受力为F i
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000003
四旋翼无人机在导航系下的质心平动的数学模型为:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000004
设机体惯性矩阵为J,ω=(ω xyz) T表示四旋翼绕轴转动的角速度,M为作用在机体上的合力矩,根据欧拉方程可得:
Jω+ω×Jω=M。
四旋翼无人机的四个旋翼升力提供的力矩设为:
M f=(M Fx,M Fy,M Fz),
陀螺效应产生的力矩设为M g=(M gx,M gy,M gz),l为四旋翼机体的半轴长,无人机在机体系下绕三个轴转动产生的动力矩为:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000005
分析四旋翼的陀螺效应,设每个旋翼的转动惯量均为J r,则机体受到的力矩为:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000006
根据机体坐标系相对于大地坐标系的角运动来对四旋翼姿态进行分析,用欧拉角来描述机体坐标系相对于大地坐标系的转动关系,欧拉角
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000007
与四旋翼无人机的角速度ω=(ω xyz) T关系可以由机体坐标系到大地坐标系的旋转顺序得到:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000008
在四旋翼无人机空中悬停或者匀速飞行时,可以认为机体的欧拉角变化很小,几乎接近零度,Ω=[0°,0°,0°] T
由以上公式可以推导出四旋翼无人机的动力学模型:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000009
将四旋翼无人机按6个方向的自由度进行解耦,把四旋翼无人机的飞行状态分为四个独立的通道:上下、左右、前后、偏航,定义变量:其中,
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000010
其中,U 1为上下通道的控制量;U 2为前后通道的控制量;U 3为左右通道的控制量;U 4为偏航角控制量。
从而进一步的得四旋翼无人机非线性动力学模型:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000011
进一步的,在四旋翼无人机系统的动力学模型建立之后,还需要基于该动力学模型建立对应的可以进行模型预测控制的模型。
进一步的,还基于上述模型预测控制器的设计原理、结合四旋翼无人机对 应的动力学模型,建立对应的模型预测控制器(在本实施例中即为位置误差预测模型)。
基于线性的状态空间模型预测控制方法,把与四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型写成状态空间形式:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000012
式中:X=[x(t) u 0(t) y(t) v 0(t) z(t) w 0(t)] T表示状态空间矢量,
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000013
表示X的微分。
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000014
可得:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000015
其中,
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000016
定义一个和四旋翼无人机数学模型一样的虚拟参考状态空间:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000017
式中,X r(t)=[x r(t) u 0r(t) y r(t) v 0r(t) z r(t) w 0r(t)] T是参考系统下的位姿信息(期望位姿信息),期望控制参数为U r(t)=[u xr u yr U 1r] T
参考系统对应的参考状态空间模型理想状况,没有外部干扰,且四旋翼无人机高度稳定,通过与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型可得:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000018
从而可得位置误差预测模型:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000019
式中,
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000020
表示期望控制参数和控制信息之间的误差,A(t),B(t)分别是X(t),U(t)相关的雅克比矩阵。通过雅克比矩阵,将非线性系统近似转化为一个连续的线性系统,使其适用于模型预测控制器设计,进行离散化处理可得:
X(k+1)=A(k)·X(k)+B(k)·U(k)。
将上述离散化之后的系统分成两个子系统,高度误差预测模型和水平误差预测模型。水平误差预测模型表示为如下形式
X z(k+1)=A z(k)·X z(k)+B z(k)·U z(k)
式中:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000021
Δt为采样时间。
四旋翼无人机水平误差预测模型表示为:
X xy(k+1)=A xy(k)·X xy(k)+B xy(k)·U xy(k),
式中,
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000022
以上得到模型预测控制的位置误差预测模型,下面把路径跟踪问题转化为在输入约束的情况下二次规划问题,针对高度位置的控制,控制输入量U 1通过下面的二次规划问题求得:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000023
Q z,R z是定义的对角加权矩阵,通过采用线性的时变模型,可以求得模型的高度控制预测输出值
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000025
其中,U z(k|k)=U 1(k)-U 1r(k)和X z(k)是高度控制误差。位置高度控制输入可求得
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000026
水平方向的位置控制输入,同理可得
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000027
步骤S1066:基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型;
步骤S1068:以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值。
基于线性时变控制律的姿态控制方法,四旋翼无人机状态空间实现,设姿态信息为
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000028
其中各项分别表示x方向速率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000029
y方向速率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000030
z方向速率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000031
滚转角速率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000032
俯仰角速率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000033
偏航角速率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000034
重力加速度g,滚转角θ,俯仰角γ和偏航角
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000035
四旋翼飞行器系统的一个输入为U=(U 1,U 2,U 3,U 4) T;系统输出为
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000036
即垂直速率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000037
滚转率
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000038
俯仰角γ和偏航角
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000039
由与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,表示成状态方程形式:
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000040
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000042
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000043
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000044
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000045
X 7=g   
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000046
X 8=θ   
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000047
X 9=γ   
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000048
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000049
即为线性时变模型(LPV):
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000050
其中,
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000051
Figure PCTCN2019097730-appb-000052
U=(U 1,U 2,U 3,U 4)   。
步骤S108:通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
前述步骤S106确定了无人机控制系统对应的位置控制值和姿态控制值,根据该预测计算得到的位置控制值和姿态控制值可以对四旋翼无人机进行控制,将位置控制值和姿态控制值作为四旋翼无人机进行路径跟踪所需要的引导命令中的相关控制参数,以使该四旋翼无人机可以跟踪前述目标规划信息中的目标规划轨迹进行飞行。
如图4所示,给出了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法下路径根据控制的示意 图。
采用了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法之后,在四旋翼无人机进行相关任务时,对相应的任务进行路径规划,并确定在该参考系统下对应的目标规划信息;然后在四旋翼无人机飞行的过程中,获取当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息,然后通过处理目标规划信息中的期望位姿信息和期望控制信息与当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息之间的误差,并通过模型预测来获取对四旋翼无人机进行控制的位置控制值和姿态控制值,再根据位置控制值和姿态控制值对四旋翼无人机进行控制,以使四旋翼无人机跟随目标规划信息中的目标规划轨迹。也就是说,在本实施例中,通过参考系统与当前系统之间的误差和四旋翼无人机的动力学模型来预测在预测时域内的预测控制值,根据该预测控制值作为四旋翼无人机进行路径跟踪的引导命令的控制参数,实现了无人机路径的跟踪控制。采用了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及计算机设备之后,避免了因为多变量多约束系统下的不确定性和准确度不足的问题,提高了路径跟踪控制的精准度。
如图5所示,本发明实施例还提供一种四旋翼无人机的控制装置。具体的,如图5所示,所述四旋翼无人机的控制装置包括:
目标规划信息获取模块102,用于获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
当前系统参数检测模块104,用于获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
模型预测模块106,用于将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
无人机控制模块108,用于通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
上述四旋翼无人机的控制装置中,在四旋翼无人机进行相关任务时,对相应的任务进行路径规划,并确定在该参考系统下对应的目标规划信息;然后在四旋翼无人机飞行的过程中,获取当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息,然后通过处理目标规划信息中的期望位姿信息和期望控制信息与当前系统下的位姿 信息和控制信息之间的误差,并通过模型预测来获取对四旋翼无人机进行控制的位置控制值和姿态控制值,再根据位置控制值和姿态控制值对四旋翼无人机进行控制,以使四旋翼无人机跟随目标规划信息中的目标规划轨迹。也就是说,在本实施例中,通过参考系统与当前系统之间的误差和四旋翼无人机的动力学模型来预测在预测时域内的预测控制值,根据该预测控制值作为四旋翼无人机进行路径跟踪的引导命令的控制参数,实现了无人机路径的跟踪控制。采用了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及计算机设备之后,避免了因为多变量多约束系统下的不确定性和准确度不足的问题,提高了路径跟踪控制的精准度。
在其中一个实施例中,前述模型预测模块106还用于建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,基于所述动力学模型构建位置误差预测模型;以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值。
在其中一个实施例中,前述模型预测模块106还用于构建与所述目标规划信息对应的满足输入约束的模型预测控制器,通过最优化求解方法获取的输出的位置控制值。
在其中一个实施例中,所述位置误差预测模型包括高度误差预测模型和水平误差预测模型;前述模型预测模块106还用于将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数输入所述高度误差预测模型,获取高度控制值;将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数输入所述水平误差预测模型,获取X轴控制值和Y轴控制值;将所述高度控制值、X轴控制值和Y轴控制值作为所述位置控制值。
在其中一个实施例中,前述模型预测模块106还用于基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型;以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值。
在其中一个实施例中,前述模型预测模块106还用于将所述姿态控制值作为自变量、所述位置控制值作为因变量,基于所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的线性时变模型;将所述位置控制值输入所述线性时变模型,获取所述姿态控制值。
图6示出了一个实施例中计算机设备的内部结构图。该计算机设备具体可以是服务器。如图6所示,该计算机设备包括通过系统总线连接的处理器、存储器和网络接口。其中,存储器包括非易失性存储介质和内存储器。该计算机设备的非易失性存储介质存储有操作系统,还可存储有计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时,可使得处理器实现四旋翼无人机的控制方法。该内存储器中也可储存有计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时,可使得处理器执行四旋翼无人机的控制方法。网络接口用于与外部进行通信。本领域技术人员可以理解,图6中示出的结构,仅仅是与本申请方案相关的部分结构的框图,并不构成对本申请方案所应用于其上的计算机设备的限定,具体的计算机设备可以包括比图中所示更多或更少的部件,或者组合某些部件,或者具有不同的部件布置。
在一个实施例中,本申请提供的四旋翼无人机的控制方法可以实现为一种计算机程序的形式,计算机程序可在如图6所示的计算机设备上运行。计算机设备的存储器中可存储组成四旋翼无人机的控制装置的各个程序模板。
一种计算机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行如下步骤:
获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
上述计算机设备中,在四旋翼无人机进行相关任务时,对相应的任务进行路径规划,并确定在该参考系统下对应的目标规划信息;然后在四旋翼无人机飞行的过程中,获取当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息,然后通过处理目标规划信息中的期望位姿信息和期望控制信息与当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息之间的误差,并通过模型预测来获取对四旋翼无人机进行控制的位置控制值和姿态控制值,再根据位置控制值和姿态控制值对四旋翼无人机进行控制,以 使四旋翼无人机跟随目标规划信息中的目标规划轨迹。也就是说,在本实施例中,通过参考系统与当前系统之间的误差和四旋翼无人机的动力学模型来预测在预测时域内的预测控制值,根据该预测控制值作为四旋翼无人机进行路径跟踪的引导命令的控制参数,实现了无人机路径的跟踪控制。采用了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及计算机设备之后,避免了因为多变量多约束系统下的不确定性和准确度不足的问题,提高了路径跟踪控制的精准度。
一种计算机可读存储介质,存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行如下步骤:
获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
上述计算机可读存储介质中,在四旋翼无人机进行相关任务时,对相应的任务进行路径规划,并确定在该参考系统下对应的目标规划信息;然后在四旋翼无人机飞行的过程中,获取当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息,然后通过处理目标规划信息中的期望位姿信息和期望控制信息与当前系统下的位姿信息和控制信息之间的误差,并通过模型预测来获取对四旋翼无人机进行控制的位置控制值和姿态控制值,再根据位置控制值和姿态控制值对四旋翼无人机进行控制,以使四旋翼无人机跟随目标规划信息中的目标规划轨迹。也就是说,在本实施例中,通过参考系统与当前系统之间的误差和四旋翼无人机的动力学模型来预测在预测时域内的预测控制值,根据该预测控制值作为四旋翼无人机进行路径跟踪的引导命令的控制参数,实现了无人机路径的跟踪控制。采用了上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法、装置、存储介质及计算机设备之后,避免了因为多变量多约束系统下的不确定性和准确度不足的问题,提高了路径跟踪控制的精准度。
需要说明的是,上述四旋翼无人机的控制方法、四旋翼无人机的控制装置、 计算机设备和计算机可读存储介质属于同一个发明构思,四旋翼无人机的控制方法、四旋翼无人机的控制装置、计算机设备和计算机可读存储介质中涉及的内容可相互适用。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一非易失性计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,本申请所提供的各实施例中所使用的对存储器、存储、数据库或其它介质的任何引用,均可包括非易失性和/或易失性存储器。非易失性存储器可包括只读存储器(ROM)、可编程ROM(PROM)、电可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可包括随机存取存储器(RAM)或者外部高速缓冲存储器。作为说明而非局限,RAM以多种形式可得,诸如静态RAM(SRAM)、动态RAM(DRAM)、同步DRAM(SDRAM)、双数据率SDRAM(DDRSDRAM)、增强型SDRAM(ESDRAM)、同步链路(Synchlink)DRAM(SLDRAM)、存储器总线(Rambus)直接RAM(RDRAM)、直接存储器总线动态RAM(DRDRAM)、以及存储器总线动态RAM(RDRAM)等。
以上实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合,为使描述简洁,未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述,然而,只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾,都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本申请的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本申请专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本申请构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本申请的保护范围。因此,本申请专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,包括:
    获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
    获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
    将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
    通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值的步骤,还包括:
    建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,基于所述动力学模型构建位置误差预测模型;
    以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述误差预设模型计算最优化的位置控制值和姿态控制值的步骤,还包括:
    构建与所述目标规划信息对应的满足输入约束的模型预测控制器,通过最优化求解方法获取的输出的位置控制值。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述位置误差预测模型包括高度误差预测模型和水平误差预测模型;
    所述以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值的步骤,还包括:
    将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数输入所述高度误差预测模型,获取高度控制值;
    将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数输入所述水平误差预测模型,获取X轴控制值和Y轴控制值;
    将所述高度控制值、X轴控制值和Y轴控制值作为所述位置控制值。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述误差预设模型计算最优化的位置控制值的步骤之后,还包括:
    基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型;
    以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的四旋翼无人机的控制方法,其特征在于,所述基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型的步骤,还包括:
    将所述姿态控制值作为自变量、所述位置控制值作为因变量,基于所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的线性时变模型;
    所述以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值的步骤,还包括:
    将所述位置控制值输入所述线性时变模型,获取所述姿态控制值。
  7. 一种四旋翼无人机的控制装置,其特征在于,包括:
    目标规划信息获取模块,用于获取与四旋翼无人机对应的目标规划信息,所述目标规划信息包括期望位姿参数和期望控制参数;
    当前系统参数检测模块,用于获取无人机系统在当前时刻下的位姿信息和控制信息,所述位姿信息包括位置信息和姿态信息;
    模型预测模块,用于将所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数作为模型预测控制器的输入,获取所述模型预测控制器输出的位置控制值和姿态控制值;
    无人机控制模块,用于通过所述位置控制值和姿态控制值对所述四旋翼无人机进行控制。
  8. 根据权利要求7所示的四旋翼无人机的控制装置,其特征在于,所述模型预测模块还用于:
    建立与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,基于所述动力学模型构建位置误差预测模型;
    以所述位姿信息、控制信息以及期望位姿参数、期望控制参数为输入,通过所述位置误差预测模型计算最优化的位置控制值;
    基于线性时变控制规律和所述与所述四旋翼无人机对应的动力学模型,构建基于所述四旋翼无人机的线性时变模型;
    以所述位置控制值为输入,输出所述姿态控制值。
  9. 一种无人机设备,包括存储器和处理器,所述存储器存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被所述处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1至6中任一项所述方法的步骤。
  10. 一种计算机可读存储介质,存储有计算机程序,所述计算机程序被处理器执行时,使得所述处理器执行如权利要求1至6中任一项所述方法的步骤。
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