WO2020173219A1 - 一种假肢手 - Google Patents

一种假肢手 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020173219A1
WO2020173219A1 PCT/CN2019/130823 CN2019130823W WO2020173219A1 WO 2020173219 A1 WO2020173219 A1 WO 2020173219A1 CN 2019130823 W CN2019130823 W CN 2019130823W WO 2020173219 A1 WO2020173219 A1 WO 2020173219A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
finger
thumb
knuckle
screw
shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/130823
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑悦
李向新
田岚
景晓蓓
方鹏
李光林
Original Assignee
中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 filed Critical 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
Publication of WO2020173219A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020173219A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/54Artificial arms or hands or parts thereof
    • A61F2/58Elbows; Wrists ; Other joints; Hands
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68Operating or control means
    • A61F2/70Operating or control means electrical
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/50Prostheses not implantable in the body
    • A61F2/68Operating or control means
    • A61F2/70Operating or control means electrical
    • A61F2/72Bioelectric control, e.g. myoelectric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of rehabilitation medical equipment, and in particular to a prosthetic hand.
  • the human-like prosthetic hand provides convenience for the daily life of disabled persons with missing upper limbs, and is an important research direction in the field of rehabilitation engineering.
  • commercially available prosthetic hands include the safe proportional control myoelectric hand of ottobock ® and the high-precision myoelectric control prosthesis iLimb produced by the Scottish company (Touch bionics).
  • the safe proportional control myoelectric hand has three fingers (thumb, index finger and middle finger), which can complete the opening and closing movements of the hand to realize the grasping function, but its fingers are integral and cannot realize multi-knuckle coupling movement;
  • iLimb has five A prosthetic hand with one finger, in addition to the coupled movement of the ring finger and the little finger, can individually control the movement of each finger, and can complete a variety of hand movements, and its four fingers except the thumb have the characteristics of two knuckles coupled movement. To a certain extent, the actions are imitated.
  • Existing prosthetic hands have a single degree of freedom and multiple degrees of freedom.
  • the single-freedom holiday limbs are not flexible enough to complete the common movements in daily life; while the multi-freedom holiday limbs are mostly of higher quality and manufactured
  • the high maintenance cost limits the practicability and commercialization of prosthetic hands, which is not conducive to the use of disabled patients.
  • current prosthetic hands mostly use electromyographic signals as input signals for intuitive control, and the residual muscle end of amputation patients can provide limited signals. Therefore, the number of degrees of freedom of the prosthetic hands that can be controlled is limited, resulting in poor practicality of the prosthetic hands.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a prosthetic hand, which aims to solve the current technical problems of high cost, heavy weight, poor flexibility and poor practicability of the current prosthetic hand.
  • a prosthetic hand including:
  • the finger structure includes index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger, the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and thumb are respectively arranged on the supporting structure according to the relative positions of the human fingers;
  • At least one first driving structure At least one first driving structure
  • the thumb includes the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the distal phalanx of the thumb, and the tendon cord of the thumb that are arranged in order from near to far;
  • the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger all include the near finger of the fingers arranged in order from near to far Knuckles, middle finger knuckle and far finger knuckle, and finger tendons;
  • Each of the first driving structures includes a first driving element, a first transmission component, a screw rod, a screw slider, a guide rod, and a first wire routing seat that are arranged on the support structure;
  • the head end of a transmission assembly is connected with the output end of the first driving element, and the end is connected with the screw rod, and is used to transmit the power of the first driving element to the screw rod;
  • the blocks are respectively sleeved on the screw rod and the guide rod to convert the rotation of the screw rod into linear movement of the screw slider along the axis of the screw rod;
  • the screw slider is provided There are a one-to-one correspondence with the first wiring seat and coaxially arranged wiring holes, one end of the thumb tendon cord and the finger tendon cord are fixedly connected to the corresponding distal knuckle, and the other end passes through the first
  • the wire routing seat and the corresponding wire routing hole are fixed on the screw slider, and the linear movement of the screw slider drives the thumb tendon cord and the finger tendon cord to
  • the number of the first driving structure is 1 to 5
  • the screw slider is provided with five wire routing holes.
  • the prosthetic hand further includes a second drive structure provided on the support structure, and the second drive structure is used to drive the thumb to perform adduction and abduction movements.
  • the second drive structure includes a second drive element, a second drive assembly, a rotating shaft, and a fixing cap, and a head end of the second drive assembly is connected to the second drive element.
  • the output end is connected, and the end is connected to the rotating shaft, and is used to transmit the power of the second driving element to the rotating shaft;
  • the thumb also includes a thumb base, the thumb near phalanx and the thumb finger One end of the base is rotatably connected, the other end of the thumb base is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft, and the fixing cap is fixed to one end of the rotating shaft to limit the axial movement of the thumb base.
  • the support structure includes a support frame, and is disposed on the support frame
  • the fixing seat and the screw seat on the upper part, the first driving element and the second driving element are fixed on the fixing seat, one end of the screw rod is connected with the fixing seat, and the other end is connected with the screw seat ,
  • the first wiring seat is installed on the screw seat.
  • the index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger all further include a finger base, a first torsion spring, a second torsion spring, a third torsion spring, a first knuckle shaft, and a The second knuckle shaft and the third knuckle shaft, the first torsion spring is sleeved on the first knuckle shaft, the second torsion spring is sleeved on the second knuckle shaft, and the first torsion spring is sleeved on the second knuckle shaft.
  • a three torsion spring is sleeved on the third knuckle shaft, the finger base is fixed on the support frame, and the finger near knuckle is connected to the first knuckle shaft through the first torsion spring and the first knuckle shaft.
  • the finger base is rotationally connected
  • the middle finger knuckle of the finger is rotationally connected to the proximal finger knuckle through the second torsion spring and the second knuckle shaft
  • the distal finger knuckle is rotationally connected through the third torsion spring and the third finger joint.
  • the knuckle shaft is rotatably connected with the middle knuckle of the finger
  • the thumb further includes a fourth torsion spring, a fifth torsion spring, a fourth knuckle shaft, and a fifth knuckle shaft, the fourth torsion spring is sleeved on the fourth knuckle shaft, and The fifth torsion spring is sleeved on the fifth knuckle shaft, and the proximal phalanx of the thumb is rotatably connected with the proximal phalanx of the thumb through the fourth torsion spring and the fourth knuckle shaft; the far finger of the thumb The knuckle is rotatably connected with the proximal knuckle of the thumb through the fifth torsion spring and the fifth knuckle shaft.
  • a first through hole is opened in the proximal phalanx of the finger
  • a second through hole is opened in the middle phalanx of the finger
  • a second through hole is opened in the proximal phalanx of the thumb.
  • the third through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole are used for the finger tendon cord to pass through, and the third through hole is for the thumb tendon cord to pass through
  • the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger all further include a first solenoid
  • the thumb further includes a second solenoid
  • the finger tendon cord passes through the The first solenoid
  • the second solenoid is passed through the thumb cord.
  • a second cable routing seat is further installed on the screw seat
  • the thumb structure further includes a first pulley and a second pulley provided on the support structure, so The second pulley is the same height as the first pulley, one end of the thumb tendon is tangent to one side of the first pulley after passing through the second cable seat, and the thumb tendon faces the The tangent line of the first pulley coincides with the axis of the second wire routing seat, and the thumb tendon is coincident with the axis of the wire routing hole on the screw slider after passing around the first pulley and the second pulley.
  • the first transmission assembly includes a first reducer, a first gear, and a second gear, and the first reducer is connected to the output shaft of the first driving element,
  • the first gear is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the first reducer, and the second gear is fixedly sleeved on the screw rod and meshes with the first gear
  • the second drive assembly includes A second reducer, a third gear, and a fourth gear, the second reducer is connected with the output shaft of the second drive element, and the third gear is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the second reducer ,
  • the fourth gear is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft and meshes with the third gear.
  • a prosthetic hand implementing the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the prosthetic hand of the present invention is designed to imitate the appearance of a natural human hand with 5 fingers including index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and thumb, and 14 knuckles, which can meet the user's basic daily movement needs;
  • the second and fifth fingers and the first driving structure that drives the five fingers for coupled flexion and extension exercises adopt a modular design, which can realize single finger flexion and extension and combined actions of different fingers, such as power grip, fine pinch, and side Pinch and hook-shaped grip, etc., where a first driving structure realizes one active degree of freedom, and the number of first driving structures can be selected according to the design requirements of the degree of freedom of the prosthetic hand, so single degree of freedom and two degrees of freedom can be realized , Three degrees of freedom, four degrees of freedom and five degrees of freedom prosthetic hand fingers active flexion and extension of the number of degrees of freedom, and different free holiday limb hands when assembling the fingers driven by the first drive structure, there are multiple assembly solutions, different assembly The scheme can realize different prosthetic hand movements;
  • the finger adopts a design structure of tendon transmission. According to the number of selected first drive structures and the assembly scheme, a single finger flexion and extension or multiple fingers can be flexed and extended simultaneously, and the finger joints can be coupled with flexion and extension motions, thereby Realize an under-driven artificial hand drive mode;
  • the first driving structure is arranged in the supporting structure, which will not interfere with the movement of the wrist, and the entire prosthesis
  • the hand structure is compact, the prosthetic hand has many movements, and the cost is low. It provides a more practical and easy to commercialize prosthetic hand for amputees.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a prosthetic hand provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a left side view of a prosthetic hand provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first driving structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a screw slider provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a thumb structure and a second driving structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a right side view of a thumb structure and a second driving structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a first solenoid and a second solenoid provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a single free vacation limb hand provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a double free vacation limb hand provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a double free vacation limb hand provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 200-Thumb structure 201-Thumb base; 202-Fourth torsion spring; 203-Proximal knuckle of thumb; 2031-Third through hole; 204-Fifth torsion spring; 205-Far knuckle of thumb; 206 -Thumb tendon cord; 207-Second solenoid; 208-Second wiring seat; 209-First pulley; 210-Second pulley; 211-Terminal buckle;
  • an embodiment of the present invention proposes a prosthetic hand, wherein the driving structure for controlling the flexion and extension of the prosthetic hand adopts a modular design,
  • the prosthetic hand has been personalized for the user, which aims to meet the user's basic daily movement needs, choose an appropriate number of degrees of freedom and the assembly scheme of the drive structure according to the user's needs, and minimize the quality of the prosthetic hand.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can realize a variety of multi-free holiday limb hand configurations, design the number of degrees of freedom of the prosthetic hand according to the actual situation of the user, and select the assembly scheme of the driving structure to the fingers according to the user's common actions, which guarantees the dexterity of use Under the circumstances, the weight of the prosthetic hand is minimized, so the prosthetic hand is highly acceptable and has great practical potential.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a prosthetic hand
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a left view structure of the prosthetic hand.
  • the prosthetic hand of the embodiment of the present invention includes a supporting structure 500, a thumb structure 200, a finger structure 100 and at least one first driving structure 300.
  • the thumb structure 200 mainly includes a thumb
  • the finger structure 100 includes four fingers other than the thumb, that is, including the index finger, the middle finger, the ring finger, and the little finger.
  • the index finger, the middle finger, the ring finger, the little finger, and the thumb are arranged according to the relative positions of the human fingers.
  • the supporting structure 500 where the supporting structure 500 corresponds to a human palm.
  • the index finger, the middle finger, the ring finger and the little finger adopt a modular design, and their movement principle is the same, only the length is different.
  • the left and right prosthetic hands can be installed by changing the installation position of the thumb.
  • the thumb has two phalanx, specifically including the proximal phalanx of the thumb 203 and the distal phalanx of the thumb 205 (the phalanx closer to the palm is called the proximal phalanx, and the finger farther from the palm The knot is called the far knuckle, the same below)
  • the index finger, the middle finger, the ring finger and the little finger each have three knuckles, specifically including the proximal finger knuckle 103, the middle finger 105 and the distal finger 107, which are arranged in order from near to far, and are used to connect the distal finger 107 and the finger.
  • the finger strap 108 of the first driving structure 300 is used to connect the distal finger 107 and the finger.
  • each first driving structure 300 includes a first driving element 301, a first transmission assembly, a screw 306, a screw slider 305, a guide rod 307, and a first driving element 301 disposed on the supporting structure 500.
  • the head end of the first transmission assembly is connected with the output end of the first driving element 301, and the end of the first transmission assembly is connected with the screw rod 306, and the first transmission assembly is used to transmit the power of the first driving element 301 to the wire.
  • the rod 306 drives the screw 306 to rotate; the screw slider 305 is respectively sleeved outside the screw 306 and the guide rod 307 to convert the rotation of the screw 306 into the screw slider 305 along the axial direction of the screw 306
  • the guide rod 307 plays a guiding role and can limit the rotation of the screw slider 305;
  • the screw slider 305 is provided with a wiring hole 3051 corresponding to the first wiring seat 308 and coaxially arranged, and the thumb
  • One end of the tendon cord 206 and finger tendon cord 108 is fixedly connected to the corresponding distal phalanx (for example, one end of the thumb tendon cord 206 is fixedly connected to the distal thumb phalanx 205, and one end of the finger tendon cord 108 is fixedly connected to the distal finger joint 107 ), the other end passes through the first wiring seat 308 and the corresponding wiring hole 3051 and then is fixed on the screw slider 305.
  • the linear movement of the screw slider 305 drives the thumb cord
  • the screw slider moves up and down along the axial direction of the screw (that is, the axial direction of the guide rod 307) under the rotation of the screw, and is provided on the screw slider 305 There is a guide hole 3052, and the guide hole 3 052 is used to limit the guide rod 307.
  • the prosthetic hand of the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: [0055] First, the prosthetic hand of the present invention is designed to imitate the appearance of a natural human hand with 5 fingers including index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger and thumb, and 14 knuckles, which can meet the user's basic daily movement needs;
  • the second and fifth fingers and the first driving structure 300 that drives the five fingers to perform coupled flexion and extension motions adopt a modular design, which can achieve single finger flexion and extension and combined actions of different fingers, such as power grip, fine pinch, Side pinching and hook-like gripping, etc., where a first driving structure 300 realizes one active degree of freedom, and the number of first driving structures 300 can be selected according to the design requirements of the degree of freedom of the prosthetic hand, so single degree of freedom, Two degrees of freedom, three degrees of freedom, four degrees of freedom, and five degrees of freedom prosthetic hand fingers active flexion and extension of the number of degrees of freedom, and different free holiday limb hands when assembling the fingers driven by the first drive structure 300 have multiple assembly solutions , Different assembly schemes can realize different prosthetic hand movements;
  • the finger adopts a tendon transmission design structure.
  • a single finger flexion and extension or multiple fingers can be flexed and extended at the same time, and the interphalangeal flexion and extension motions can be coupled. So as to realize an under-driven artificial hand drive mode;
  • the first driving structure 300 is arranged in the supporting structure 500, which will not interfere with the wrist movements.
  • the whole prosthetic hand has a compact structure, many prosthetic hand movements, and low cost, which provides a better way for amputee patients. Practical and easy to commercialize prosthetic hands.
  • the number of the first driving structure 300 is 1 to 5, thereby realizing 1 to 5 degrees of freedom of the prosthetic hand.
  • the screw slider 305 is provided with five wiring holes 3051, which correspond to the five first wiring seats 308, the five wiring holes 3051 and the five first wiring seats 308 are—
  • the number of the first wiring seats 308 can be installed according to the number of fingers that need to be driven, and at most five first wiring seats 308 can be installed at a position corresponding to one first driving structure 300.
  • the five wire routing holes 3051 are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction and penetrate the screw slider 305, which can respectively correspond to five fingers, so as to realize the flexion and extension of the five fingers together, and can also correspond to 1 to 4 fingers. , And then realize the flexion and extension of 1 to 4 fingers.
  • the first driving structure 300 Different numbers of, and select the number of application routing holes 3051, can realize the coupled flexion and extension movement of the fingers
  • the first driving structure 300 realizes the coupling flexion and extension movement of the fingers, and the abduction and adduction of the thumb is completed by a separate second driving structure 400, the first driving structure 300 and the second driving structure 300
  • the driving structure 400 combines the two to realize up to six free vacation limbs.
  • the prosthetic hand further includes a second driving structure 400 disposed on the supporting structure 500, and the second driving structure 400 is used to drive the thumb to perform adduction and abduction movements.
  • the second driving structure 400 is disposed in the supporting structure 500, and will not interfere with the movement of the wrist.
  • the second driving structure 400 includes a second driving element 401, a second transmission assembly, a rotating shaft 405 and a fixing cap 406.
  • the head end of the second transmission component is connected with the output end of the second driving element 401
  • the end of the second transmission component is connected with the rotating shaft 405
  • the second transmission component is used to transmit the power of the second driving element 401 to the rotating shaft 405.
  • the thumb further includes a thumb base 201.
  • the proximal phalanx of the thumb 203 is rotatably connected to one end of the thumb base 201, and the other end of the thumb base 201 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 405, and the thumb base is rotated by the rotating shaft 405. 201 rotates to drive the thumb to perform adduction and abduction movements.
  • the fixing cap 406 is fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 405 to limit the axial movement of the thumb base 201.
  • the support structure 500 includes a support frame 501, and a fixing seat 502 and a screw seat 503 provided on the support frame 501, wherein the first driving element 301 and the second driving element 401 is fixed on the fixing base 502, one end of the screw 306 is connected with the fixing base 502, the other end of the screw 306 is connected with the screw base 503, the position of the screw 306 is restricted by the screw base 503, the first wiring base 308 Installed on the screw seat 503.
  • the fixing cap 406 fixes the thumb base 201 between the fixing base 502 and the fixing cap 406 to limit the axial movement of the thumb base 201.
  • the screw rod 306 is connected to the fixed base 502 through a bearing, and is connected to the screw base 503 through a bearing.
  • the screw rod 306 is connected to the fixed base 502 through a bearing, and is connected to the screw base 503 through a bearing.
  • connection length of the tendon rope can be adjusted by adjusting the degree of overlap between the first wire routing seat 308 and the lead screw seat, so that the tendon rope is in a tight state, which is convenient for installation and adjustment in actual use.
  • the effective adjustment length is the thickness of the screw seat.
  • the index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger all further include a finger base 101, a first torsion spring 102, a second torsion spring 104, a third torsion spring 106, and a first knuckle shaft , The second knuckle axis and the third knuckle axis.
  • the first torsion spring 102 is sleeved on the first knuckle shaft
  • the second torsion spring 104 is sleeved on the second knuckle shaft
  • the third torsion spring 106 is sleeved on the third knuckle shaft
  • the finger base 101 is fixed to the support frame 501
  • the finger near knuckle 103 is rotatably connected with the finger base 101 through the first torsion spring 102 and the first knuckle shaft
  • the finger middle knuckle 105 is connected to the finger base 101 through the second torsion spring 104 and the second knuckle shaft.
  • the proximal finger knuckle 103 is rotatably connected
  • the finger distal knuckle 107 is rotatably connected with the middle finger 105 through the third torsion spring 106 and the third knuckle shaft.
  • the thumb also includes a fourth torsion spring 202, a fifth torsion spring 204, a fourth knuckle shaft, and a fifth knuckle shaft.
  • the fourth torsion spring 202 is sleeved on the fourth knuckle shaft
  • the fifth torsion spring 204 is sleeved on the fifth knuckle shaft
  • the thumb near knuckle 203 is connected to the fourth knuckle shaft through the fourth torsion spring 202 and the fourth knuckle shaft.
  • the proximal phalanx of the thumb 203 is rotatably connected; the distal phalanx 205 of the thumb is rotatably connected to the proximal phalanx 203 through the fifth torsion spring 204 and the fifth phalanx shaft.
  • the fingers can be stretched in a relaxed state of the tendon cord.
  • a first through hole 1031 is provided in the proximal finger joint 103 of the finger, and a second through hole 1051 is provided in the middle finger section 105 of the finger.
  • a third through hole 2031 is opened in the proximal phalanx of the thumb 203.
  • the first through hole 1031 and the second through hole 1051 are used for the finger tendon cord 108 to pass through, and the third through hole 2031 is used for the thumb tendon cord 206.
  • the index finger, middle finger, ring finger and little finger all further include a first solenoid 109, and one end of the first solenoid 109 is connected to the distal finger 107, The other end of the first solenoid 109 is connected to the corresponding first wiring seat 308.
  • the thumb also includes a second solenoid 207, one end of the second solenoid 207 is connected to the distal phalanx 205 of the thumb, and the other end of the second solenoid 207 is connected to the corresponding first wiring seat 308.
  • the above-mentioned finger tendon cord 108 is installed through the first solenoid 109, and the thumb tendon cord 206 is installed through the second solenoid 207.
  • the first solenoid 109 and the second solenoid 207 are small-diameter, hollow, bendable, non-stretchable or compressible routing channels.
  • the solenoids are used to limit the position of the tendon, and the solenoids can Limit the length of the tendon inside the solenoid.
  • the tendon rope is in a tight state at the initial position.
  • one end of the aforementioned finger tendon cord 108 is fixed to the corresponding distal phalanx 107, the other end passes through the first through hole 1031 of the middle finger 105 of the finger, and then passes through the second proximal phalanx 103 of the finger.
  • the through hole 1051 is guided by the first solenoid 109 and passes through the first wiring seat 308, and then passes through the wiring hole 3051 ,
  • the terminal buckle 211 fixes the end of the finger tendon 108 near the wiring hole 3051 on the screw slider 305.
  • the line segment of the finger tendon 108 between the corresponding first wiring seat 308 and the screw slider 305 is vertical, that is, coincides with the axis of the wiring hole 3051.
  • the finger cord 108 is in a tensioned state and does not have the ability to stretch.
  • a second cable routing seat 208 is further installed on the screw seat 503, and the thumb structure 200 further includes a first pulley 209 and a second pulley 210 provided on the supporting structure 500,
  • the second pulley 210 is at the same height as the first pulley 209.
  • One end of the thumb tendon 206 passes through the second cable seat 208 and is tangent to one side of the first pulley 209.
  • the tangent of the thumb tendon 206 to the first pulley 209 is
  • the axis of the second cable seat 208 coincides with the axis of the cable hole 3051 on the screw slider 305 after the thumb tendon 206 passes around the first pulley 209 and the second pulley 210.
  • the first pulley 209 and the second pulley 210 play a guiding role.
  • one end of the thumb tendon cord 206 is fixed on the far phalanx 205 of the thumb, and the other end comes out of the third through hole 2031 of the proximal phalanx 203 of the thumb, and is guided and passed through the second solenoid 207
  • the second cable seat 208 is tangent to the side of the first pulley 209.
  • the tangent line of the thumb cord 206 to the first pulley 209 coincides with the axis of the second cable seat 208, and the thumb cord 206 bypasses the second pulley 210
  • the rear is coincident with one of the holes in the routing hole 3051 on the screw slider.
  • the terminal buckle 211 fixes the end of the thumb tendon 206 to the routing hole 3051 on the screw slider. nearby.
  • the first pulley 209 and the second pulley 210 are fixed to the screw seat.
  • the thumb tendon cord 206 is under tension and does not have the ability to stretch.
  • the first transmission assembly includes a first reducer 302, a first gear 303, and a second gear 304.
  • the first reducer 302 is connected to the output shaft of the first drive element 301
  • the first gear 303 is fixedly sleeved on the output shaft of the first reducer 302
  • the second gear 304 is fixedly sleeved on the screw rod 306 and connected with The first gear 303 meshes.
  • the first driving element 301 is decelerated by the first reducer 302, it drives the first gear 303 to rotate, and the first gear 303 drives the second gear 304 to rotate, thereby driving the lead screw to rotate.
  • the second drive assembly includes a second reducer 402, a third gear 403, and a fourth gear 404.
  • the second reducer 402 is connected to the output shaft of the second drive element 401, and the third gear 403 is fixedly sleeved on On the output shaft of the second reducer 402, the fourth gear 404 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 405 and meshes with the third gear 403.
  • the second driving element 401 is decelerated by the second reducer 402, it drives the third gear 403 to rotate, and the third gear 403 drives the fourth gear 404 to rotate, thereby driving the rotating shaft 405 to rotate.
  • the first driving element 301 and the second driving element 401 may be driving motors.
  • the driving motors include but are not limited to electric motors, and may also be hydraulic/pneumatic drives, shape memory alloy drives, etc. He drives.
  • an adaptive mechanism is provided at the distal end of the finger (including the index finger, middle finger, ring finger, little finger, and thumb).
  • the shape of the object to be taken has a certain adaptability to enhance the stability of grasping.
  • the adaptive mechanism may be a torsion spring, which makes the end knuckles bend to adapt to the shape of the object.
  • the flexion and extension of the finger structure 100 is implemented by the first driving structure 300, and the specific implementation manner is as follows:
  • the first driving element 301 is decelerated by the first reducer 302 and then drives the first gear 303 fixed on the output shaft of the first reducer 302 to rotate, the first gear 303 meshes with the second gear 304, and the second gear 304 Fixed on the shaft end of the lead screw, driving the lead screw to rotate, the lead screw slider and the lead screw cooperate to move, transforming the rotating motion of the lead screw into the linear motion of the lead screw slider; fixed on the fixed seat 502 and the lead screw seat
  • the guide rod 307 is used to limit the rotation of the screw slider; one end of the finger tendon 108 driving the finger structure 100 is fixed on the wire routing hole 3051 of the screw slider; therefore, when the first driving element 301 is positively energized, The screw slider moves vertically downwards to drive the finger tendon cord 108 to stretch, thereby driving the bending of the finger structure 100; when the first driving element 301 is energized in the reverse direction, the screw slider moves vertically upward, so that the finger tendon cord 108 relaxes ,
  • the flexion and extension of the thumb structure 200 is also implemented by the first driving structure 300, and the specific implementation manner is as follows:
  • the first driving element 301 is decelerated by the first reducer 302 and then drives the first gear 303 fixed on the shaft of the first reducer 302 to rotate.
  • the third gear 403 meshes with the second gear 304, and the second gear 304 is fixed to
  • the shaft end of the lead screw drives the lead screw to rotate, and the lead screw slide and the lead screw move together to convert the rotation movement of the lead screw into the linear motion of the lead screw slide; the guide rod 307 fixed to the fixed seat 502 and the lead screw seat It is used to limit the rotation of the screw slider; one end of the thumb tendon 206 of the driving thumb structure 200 is fixed on the routing hole 3051 of the screw slider, and the other end passes through the first pulley 209 and the second pulley 210 to change direction.
  • the third through hole 2031 of the proximal phalanx of the thumb 203 is connected to the distal phalanx 205 of the thumb; the tendon cord 206 of the thumb is in a taut state. Therefore, when the first driving element 301 is forwardly energized After that, the screw slider moves vertically downwards to pull the thumb tendon cord 206, thereby driving the bending of the thumb structure 200; when the first driving element 301 is energized in the reverse direction, the screw slider moves vertically upwards, so that the thumb tendon cord 206 relaxes , The thumb structure 200 is restored to the initial position under the action of the fourth torsion spring and the fifth torsion spring 204. [0082]
  • the adduction and abduction of the thumb structure 200 are implemented by the second driving structure 400, and the specific implementation is as follows:
  • the second drive element is decelerated by the second reducer 402 and then drives the third gear 403 fixed on the shaft of the second reducer 402 to rotate.
  • the third gear 403 meshes with the fourth gear 404, and the fourth gear 404 is fixed to One end of the rotating shaft 405 drives the rotating shaft 405 to rotate, and the thumb base 201 and the rotating shaft 405 are fixed and can rotate under the drive of the rotating shaft 405. Therefore, when the second driving element 401 is positively energized, the thumb structure 200 is driven to complete the adduction movement; When the second driving element 401 is energized in the reverse direction, the thumb structure 200 is driven to complete the abduction movement.
  • the first driving structure 300 of the prosthetic hand adopts a modular design, a different number of selections and assembly of the first driving structure 300 and the second driving structure 400 can realize a variety of free holiday limbs.
  • the finger structure 100 of the prosthetic hand also adopts a modular design structure. Therefore, for the selection and assembly of the number of fingers, a prosthetic hand with different numbers of fingers can be realized.
  • the combination of drive structure is as follows:
  • first driving structure 300 as a driving structure for multiple fingers can realize simultaneous flexion/extension movement of five fingers, and the thumb can be passively rotated internally and externally.
  • the tendon ropes corresponding to the five fingers are respectively fixed in the five routing holes 30 51 of the screw slider.
  • the five first routing seats 308 are installed on the screw seat corresponding to the positions of the five routing holes 3051. Adjust the first The position of the wire routing seat 308 relative to the screw seat makes each tendon tight.
  • the lead screw slider moves vertically downward to pull the tendons, thereby driving the bending of the finger structure 100 and the thumb structure 200;
  • the first driving element 301 is energized in the reverse direction,
  • the screw slide block moves vertically upwards, so that the tendons are relaxed, and both the thumb structure 200 and the finger structure 100 return to their original positions. At this point, the thumb can be moved in and out.
  • first drive structure 300 as the drive structure for the simultaneous flexion and extension of the five fingers
  • second drive structure 400 as the thumb adduction and extension.
  • Figure 9 The schematic diagram of the installation principle of the extended drive mechanism and the prosthetic hand is shown in Figure 9 (part of the structure is omitted).
  • the second is to select two first drive structures 300 as the drive structures for multiple finger flexion and extension.
  • the following 15 motion distribution schemes for driving flexion and extension can be made according to the actions to be completed and the method of arrangement and combination: 1
  • One first driving structure 300 drives one finger
  • the second first driving structure 300 drives four fingers.
  • the first drive structure 300 drives two fingers, and the second drive structure 300 drives three fingers.
  • the installation method is similar to the schematic diagram and the above solution, and is not shown separately here.
  • the second is to select three first drive structures 300 as the drive structures for multiple finger flexion and extension.
  • the following 25 types of action distribution schemes for driving flexion and extension can be made according to the action to be completed and the connection method of the corresponding drive structure of the tendon rope: 1
  • the first first driving structure 300 drives one finger
  • the second first driving structure 300 drives one finger
  • the third first driving structure 300 drives three fingers.
  • the first is to select three first drive structures 300 as the drive structure for simultaneous flexion and extension of multiple fingers, and one second drive structure 400 as the thumb adduction.
  • Abduction drive structure at this time, the finger flexion and extension has the above-mentioned three active freedom holiday limbs and the second method 25 kind of drive scheme.
  • the second is to select four first driving structures 300 as the driving structures for flexion and extension of multiple fingers, the first first driving structure 300 drives one finger, and the second first driving structure 300 drives one finger, The third first drive structure 300 drives one finger, and the fourth first drive structure 300 drives two fingers.
  • the following 10 types of flexion and extension actions can be assigned according to the action to be completed and the connection method of the corresponding drive structure of the tendon rope : A ⁇ B ⁇ C ⁇ DE, A ⁇ B ⁇ D ⁇ CE, A ⁇ B ⁇ E ⁇ CD, A ⁇ C ⁇ D ⁇ BE, A ⁇ C ⁇ E ⁇ BD, B ⁇ D ⁇ ACE, A ⁇ D ⁇ E ⁇ BC, B ⁇ C ⁇ D ⁇ AE, B ⁇ C ⁇ E ⁇ AD, B ⁇ D ⁇ E ⁇ AC, C ⁇ D ⁇ E ⁇ AB.
  • the thumb can be rotated passively.
  • the driving mechanism of abduction, finger flexion and extension is like the ten driving schemes of the second method of four active free vacations.
  • the second is to select five first driving structures 300 as the driving structures for flexion and extension of multiple fingers. Each finger completes the flexion and extension movement through a separate first driving structure 300. At a position corresponding to the first driving structure 300, a tendon cord corresponding to the driving finger is installed. At this time, the thumb can be rotated passively.
  • Six active free holiday limbs select five first drive structures 300 to drive fingers to achieve flexion and extension movement, each first drive structure 300 drives one finger, and one second drive structure 400 is selected to implement thumb adduction and abduction movement.

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Abstract

一种假肢手,适用于康复医疗器械技术领域,包括支撑结构(500)、拇指结构(200)、手指结构(100),以及至少一个第一驱动结构(300);每一第一驱动结构(300)包括设置于支撑结构(500)上的第一驱动元件(301)、第一传动组件、丝杆(306)、丝杆滑块(305)、导向杆(307)和第一走线座(308);第一传动组件的首端与第一驱动元件(301)的输出端连接,末端与丝杆(306)连接,且用于将第一驱动元件(301)的动力传输给丝杆(306);丝杆滑块(305)分别套设于丝杆(306)和导向杆(307)外,以将丝杆(306)的转动转化为丝杆滑块(305)沿丝杆(306)轴向的直线运动;丝杆滑块(305)的直线运动带动拇指腱绳(206)和手指腱绳(108)拉伸或放松,以使食指、中指、无名指、小指和拇指进行耦合屈伸运动。手指结构(100)和第一驱动结构(300)采用模块化设计,而且进行了个性化设计,可实现多种多自由度假肢手构型。

Description

一种假肢手 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及康复医疗器械技术领域, 特别涉及一种假肢手。
背景技术
[0002] 仿人假肢手为上肢缺失的残疾人的日常生活提供了便利, 是康复工程领域的重 要研究方向。 目前已经商品化的假肢手有 ottobock ®公司的安全比例控制肌电手 、 英国苏格兰公司 ( Touch bionics ) 生产的高精度肌电控制假肢 iLimb等。 其 中, 安全比例控制肌电手有三个手指 (拇指、 食指和中指) , 能完成手的开合 动作以实现抓取功能, 但其手指是整体, 不能实现多指节耦合运动; iLimb是有 五根手指的假肢手, 除无名指与小指进行耦合运动以外, 能单独控制每一根手 指运动, 可以完成多种手部动作, 并且其除拇指以外的四指具备两个指节耦合 运动的特点, 在一定程度上实现了动作仿人。
[0003] 现有假肢手具有单自由度和多自由度, 其中, 单自由度假肢手灵活度不够, 难 以完成日常生活中的常用动作; 而多自由度假肢手大多整手质量较大、 制造与 维护成本高, 限制了假肢手的实用性与产品化, 不利于残疾患者的使用。 另外 , 目前假肢手多采用肌电信号作为直觉控制的输入信号, 而截肢患者残余肌肉 端能够提供的信号有限, 因此其能控制的假肢手的自由度数目受限, 导致假肢 手的实用性差。
发明概述
技术问题
[0004] 本发明的目的在于提供一种假肢手, 旨在解决目前的假肢手成本高、 重量大、 灵活度差且实用性差的技术问题。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 本发明是这样实现的, 一种假肢手, 包括:
[0006] 支撑结构; [0007] 拇指结构, 包括拇指;
[0008] 手指结构, 包括食指、 中指、 无名指和小指, 所述食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指 和拇指分别按照人类手指的相对位置布置于支撑结构上; 以及
[0009] 至少一个第一驱动结构;
[0010] 所述拇指包括由近到远依次设置的拇指近指节和拇指远指节, 以及拇指腱绳; 所述食指、 中指、 无名指和小指均包括由近到远依次设置的手指近指节、 手指 中指节和手指远指节, 以及手指腱绳;
[0011] 每一所述第一驱动结构包括设置于所述支撑结构上的第一驱动元件、 第一传动 组件、 丝杆、 丝杆滑块、 导向杆和第一走线座; 所述第一传动组件的首端与所 述第一驱动元件的输出端连接, 末端与所述丝杆连接, 且用于将所述第一驱动 元件的动力传输给所述丝杆; 所述丝杆滑块分别套设于所述丝杆和所述导向杆 夕卜, 以将所述丝杆的转动转化为所述丝杆滑块沿丝杆轴向的直线运动; 所述丝 杆滑块上开设有与所述第一走线座一一对应且同轴设置的走线孔, 所述拇指腱 绳和手指腱绳的一端均与对应的远指节固定连接, 另一端穿过所述第一走线座 和对应的所述走线孔后固定于所述丝杆滑块上, 所述丝杆滑块的直线运动带动 所述拇指腱绳和手指腱绳拉伸或放松, 以使所述食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指和 拇指进行親合屈伸运动。
[0012] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述第一驱动结构的数量为 1至 5个, 所述丝杆滑块 上开设有五个所述走线孔。
[0013] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述假肢手还包括设置于所述支撑结构上的第二驱 动结构, 所述第二驱动结构用于驱动所述拇指进行内收外展运动。
[0014] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述第二驱动结构包括第二驱动元件、 第二传动组 件、 转轴和固定帽, 所述第二传动组件的首端与所述第二驱动元件的输出端连 接, 末端与所述转轴连接, 且用于将所述第二驱动元件的动力传输给所述转轴 ; 所述拇指还包括拇指基座, 所述拇指近指节与所述拇指手指基座的一端转动 连接, 所述拇指基座的另一端与所述转轴固定连接, 所述固定帽固定于所述转 轴的一端, 以限制所述拇指基座的轴向移动。
[0015] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述支撑结构包括支撑架, 以及设置于所述支撑架 上的固定座和丝杆座, 所述第一驱动元件、 第二驱动元件固定于所述固定座上 , 所述丝杆的一端与所述固定座连接, 另一端与所述丝杆座连接, 所述第一走 线座安装于所述丝杆座上。
[0016] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述食指、 中指、 无名指和小指均还包括手指基座 、 第一扭簧、 第二扭簧、 第三扭簧、 第一指节轴、 第二指节轴和第三指节轴, 所述第一扭簧套设于所述第一指节轴上, 所述第二扭簧套设于所述第二指节轴 上, 所述第三扭簧套设于所述第三指节轴上, 所述手指基座固定于所述支撑架 上, 所述手指近指节通过所述第一扭簧和第一指节轴与所述手指基座转动连接 , 所述手指中指节通过所述第二扭簧和第二指节轴与所述手指近指节转动连接 , 所述手指远指节通过所述第三扭簧和第三指节轴与所述手指中指节转动连接
[0017] 所述拇指还包括第四扭簧、 第五扭簧、 第四指节轴和第五指节轴, 所述第四扭 簧套设于所述第四指节轴上, 所述第五扭簧套设于所述第五指节轴上, 所述拇 指近指节通过所述第四扭簧和第四指节轴与所述拇指近指节转动连接; 所述拇 指远指节通过所述第五扭簧和第五指节轴与所述拇指近指节转动连接。
[0018] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述手指近指节内均开设有第一通孔, 所述手指中 指节内均开设有第二通孔, 所述拇指近指节内开设有第三通孔, 所述第一通孔 和第二通孔用于供所述手指腱绳穿过, 所述第三通孔用于供所述拇指腱绳穿过
[0019] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述食指、 中指、 无名指和小指均还包括第一螺线 管, 所述拇指还包括第二螺线管, 所述手指腱绳穿设所述第一螺线管, 所述拇 指腱绳穿设所述第二螺线管。
[0020] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述丝杆座上还安装有第二走线座, 所述拇指结构 还包括设置于所述支撑结构上的第一滑轮和第二滑轮, 所述第二滑轮与所述第 一滑轮等高, 所述拇指腱绳的一端穿过所述第二走线座后与所述第一滑轮的一 侧相切, 所述拇指腱绳对所述第一滑轮的切线与所述第二走线座的轴线重合, 所述拇指腱绳绕过所述第一滑轮和第二滑轮后与所述丝杆滑块上的走线孔的轴 线重合。 [0021] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 所述第一传动组件包括第一减速器、 第一齿轮和第 二齿轮, 所述第一减速器与所述第一驱动元件的输出轴连接, 所述第一齿轮固 定套接于所述第一减速器的输出轴上, 所述第二齿轮固定套接于所述丝杆上且 与所述第一齿轮啮合; 所述第二驱动组件包括第二减速器、 第三齿轮和第四齿 轮, 所述第二减速器与所述第二驱动元件的输出轴连接, 所述第三齿轮固定套 接于所述第二减速器的输出轴上, 所述第四齿轮固定套接于所述转轴上且与所 述第三齿轮啮合。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0022] 实施本发明的一种假肢手, 具有以下有益效果:
[0023] 第一、 本发明的假肢手仿照自然人手的外观设计了食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指 和拇指共 5根手指, 14个指节, 能够能满足使用者基本的日常动作需求;
[0024] 第二、 五根手指和驱动五根手指进行耦合屈伸运动的第一驱动结构采用模块化 设计, 能够实现单根手指屈伸及不同手指的合并动作, 如力量抓握、 精捏、 侧 捏以及钩状抓握等, 其中, 一个第一驱动结构实现一个主动自由度, 可以根据 所设计的假肢手的自由度需求选择第一驱动结构的数目, 因此可以实现单自由 度、 两自由度、 三自由度、 四自由度和五自由度的假肢手手指主动屈伸的自由 度数目, 并且, 不同自由度假肢手在装配第一驱动结构所驱动的手指时有多种 装配方案, 不同的装配方案能实现不同的假肢手的动作;
[0025] 第三、 目前假肢手多采用肌电信号作为直觉控制的输入信号, 而截肢患者残余 肌肉端能够提供的信号有限, 因此其能控制的假肢手的自由度数目受限, 根据 截肢患者所能提供的控制信息选择合适的假肢手自由度数目, 不仅能够最大程 度的利用控制信息, 而且能够通过削减多余的自由度数目降低第一驱动结构的 数目, 从而减轻不必要的假肢手质量;
[0026] 第四、 手指采用腱传动的设计结构, 根据所选第一驱动结构的数量及装配方案 , 可以实现单根手指屈伸或者多根手指同时屈伸, 手指指节间能耦合屈伸运动 , 从而实现一种欠驱动的假手驱动方式;
[0027] 第五、 第一驱动结构设置于支撑结构内, 不会对腕部动作造成干涉, 整个假肢 手结构紧凑, 假肢手动作多, 成本较低, 为截肢患者提供了一种较实用、 易于 商业化的假肢手。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0028] 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例中所需要使用 的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实 施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以 根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
[0029] 图 1是本发明实施例提供的假肢手的前视结构示意图;
[0030] 图 2是本发明实施例提供的假肢手的左视结构示意图;
[0031] 图 3是本发明实施例提供的第一驱动结构的结构示意图;
[0032] 图 4是本发明实施例提供的丝杆滑块的俯视图;
[0033] 图 5是本发明实施例提供的拇指结构和第二驱动结构的前视结构示意图;
[0034] 图 6是本发明实施例提供的拇指结构和第二驱动结构的右视结构示意图;
[0035] 图 7是本发明实施例提供的第一螺线管和第二螺线管的结构示意图;
[0036] 图 8是本发明实施例提供的单自由度假肢手的结构示意图;
[0037] 图 9是本发明一个实施例提供的双自由度假肢手的结构示意图;
[0038] 图 10是本发明另一个实施例提供的双自由度假肢手的结构示意图。
[0039] 上述附图所涉及的标号明细如下:
[0040] 100-手指结构; 101-手指基座; 102 -第一扭簧; 103 -手指近指节; 1031 -第一 通孔; 104 -第二扭簧; 105 -手指中指节; 1051 -第二通孔; 106 -第三扭簧; 107 - 手指远指节; 108 -手指腱绳; 109 -第一螺线管;
[0041] 200 -拇指结构; 201 -拇指基座; 202 -第四扭簧; 203 -拇指近指节; 2031 -第三 通孔; 204 -第五扭簧; 205 -拇指远指节; 206 -拇指腱绳; 207 -第二螺线管; 208 -第二走线座; 209 -第一滑轮; 210 -第二滑轮; 211 -端子卡扣;
[0042] 300 -第一驱动结构; 301 -第一驱动元件; 302 -第一减速器; 303 -第一齿轮; 30
4 -第二齿轮; 305 -丝杆滑块; 3051 -走线孔; 3052 -导向孔; 306 -丝杆; 307 -导 向杆; 308 -第一走线座; [0043] 400 -第二驱动结构; 401 -第二驱动元件; 402 -第二减速器; 403 -第三齿轮; 40 4 -第四齿轮; 405 -转轴; 406 -固定帽;
[0044] 500 -支撑结构; 501 -支撑架; 502 -固定座; 503 -丝杆座。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0045] 为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图及实施例 , 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以 解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
[0046] 需说明的是, 当部件被称为“固定于”或“设置于”另一个部件, 它可以直接 或者间接位于该另一个部件上。 当一个部件被称为“连接于”另一个部件, 它 可以是直接或者间接连接至该另一个部件上。 术语“上” 、 “下” 、 “左” 、
“右” 、 “前” 、 “后” 、 “竖直” 、 “7K平” 、 “顶” 、 “底” 、 “内” 、 “外”等指示的方位或位置为基于附图所示的方位或位置, 仅是为了便于描述 , 不能理解为对本技术方案的限制。 术语“第一” 、 “第二”仅用于便于描述 目的, 而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明技术特征的数量。 “ 多个” 的含义是两个或两个以上, 除非另有明确具体的限定。
[0047] 针对目前假肢手成本高、 重量大、 灵活度差以及实用性差等问题, 本发明实施 例提出了一种假肢手, 其中, 控制该假肢手手指屈伸运动的驱动结构采用模块 化设计, 而且假肢手针对使用者进行了个性化设计, 其以满足使用者基本曰常 动作需求为目标, 针对使用者需求选择合适的自由度数目及驱动结构的装配方 案, 并尽量降低假肢手的质量。 本发明实施例可实现多种多自由度假肢手构型 , 针对使用者的实际情况设计假肢手自由度数目, 针对使用者的常用动作选择 驱动结构对手指的装配方案, 在保证使用灵巧性的情况下最大程度降低假肢手 的重量, 因此假肢手可接受度强、 实用化潜力大。
[0048] 为了说明本发明所述的技术方案, 以下结合具体附图及实施例进行详细说明。
[0049] 请一并参阅图 1和图 2 , 其中, 图 1为假肢手的前视结构示意图, 图 2为假肢手的 左视结构示意图。 本发明实施例的假肢手包括支撑结构 500、 拇指结构 200、 手 指结构 100和至少一个第一驱动结构 300。 [0050] 其中, 拇指结构 200主要包括拇指, 手指结构 100包括除拇指外的四指, 即包括 食指、 中指、 无名指和小指, 食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指和拇指分别按照人类 手指的相对位置布置于支撑结构 500上, 此处支撑结构 500对应于人的手掌。 食 指、 中指、 无名指和小指采用模块化设计, 其运动原理相同, 只在长度上有所 差异。 在本实施例中, 通过改变拇指的安装位置可以进行左右假肢手的安装。
[0051] 拇指具有两个指节, 具体包括由近到远依次设置的拇指近指节 203和拇指远指 节 205 (离手掌较近的指节称为近指节, 离手掌较远的指节称为远指节, 下同)
, 以及连接拇指远指节 205和第一驱动结构 300的拇指腱绳 206。 食指、 中指、 无 名指和小指均具有三个指节, 具体包括由近到远依次设置的手指近指节 103、 手 指中指节 105和手指远指节 107, 以及用于连接手指远指节 107和第一驱动结构 30 0的手指膊绳 108。
[0052] 请结合图 3, 每一第一驱动结构 300包括设置于支撑结构 500上的第一驱动元件 3 01、 第一传动组件、 丝杆 306、 丝杆滑块 305、 导向杆 307和第一走线座 308。 其 中, 第一传动组件的首端与第一驱动元件 301的输出端连接, 第一传动组件的末 端与丝杆 306连接, 该第一传动组件用于将第一驱动元件 301的动力传输给丝杆 3 06, 进而带动丝杆 306转动; 丝杆滑块 305分别套设于丝杆 306和导向杆 307外, 以将丝杆 306的转动转化为丝杆滑块 305沿丝杆 306轴向的直线运动, 导向杆 307 起到导向的作用, 可限制丝杆滑块 305的转动; 丝杆滑块 305上开设有与第一走 线座 308—对应且同轴设置的走线孔 3051, 拇指腱绳 206和手指腱绳 108的一端 均与对应的远指节固定连接 (如拇指腱绳 206的一端与拇指远指节 205固定连接 , 手指腱绳 108的一端与手指远指节 107固定连接) , 另一端穿过第一走线座 308 和对应的走线孔 3051后固定于丝杆滑块 305上, 丝杆滑块 305的直线运动带动拇 指膊绳 206和手指膊绳 108拉伸或放松, 以使食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指和拇指 进行親合屈伸运动。
[0053] 在具体应用中, 丝杠滑块在丝杠的转动下沿着丝杠的轴向方向 (也即导向杆 30 7轴向方向) 做上下直线运动, 在丝杆滑块 305上开设有导向孔 3052, 该导向孔 3 052用于限制导向杆 307。
[0054] 本发明实施例的假肢手至少具有以下有益效果: [0055] 第一、 本发明的假肢手仿照自然人手的外观设计了食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指 和拇指共 5根手指, 14个指节, 能够能满足使用者基本的日常动作需求;
[0056] 第二、 五根手指和驱动五根手指进行耦合屈伸运动的第一驱动结构 300采用模 块化设计, 能够实现单根手指屈伸及不同手指的合并动作, 如力量抓握、 精捏 、 侧捏以及钩状抓握等, 其中, 一个第一驱动结构 300实现一个主动自由度, 可 以根据所设计的假肢手的自由度需求选择第一驱动结构 300的数目, 因此可以实 现单自由度、 两自由度、 三自由度、 四自由度和五自由度的假肢手手指主动屈 伸的自由度数目, 并且, 不同自由度假肢手在装配第一驱动结构 300所驱动的手 指时有多种装配方案, 不同的装配方案能实现不同的假肢手的动作;
[0057] 第三、 目前假肢手多采用肌电信号作为直觉控制的输入信号, 而截肢患者残余 肌肉端能够提供的信号有限, 因此其能控制的假肢手的自由度数目受限, 根据 截肢患者所能提供的控制信息选择合适的假肢手自由度数目, 不仅能够最大程 度的利用控制信息, 而且能够通过削减多余的自由度数目降低第一驱动结构 300 的数目, 从而减轻不必要的假肢手质量;
[0058] 第四、 手指采用腱传动的设计结构, 根据所选第一驱动结构 300的数量及装配 方案, 可以实现单根手指屈伸或者多根手指同时屈伸, 手指指节间能耦合屈伸 运动, 从而实现一种欠驱动的假手驱动方式;
[0059] 第五、 第一驱动结构 300设置于支撑结构 500内, 不会对腕部动作造成干涉, 整 个假肢手结构紧凑, 假肢手动作多, 成本较低, 为截肢患者提供了一种较实用 、 易于商业化的假肢手。
[0060] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 第一驱动结构 300的数量为 1至 5个, 进而实现假肢 手的 1至 5个自由度。 另外, 请结合图 4, 丝杆滑块 305上开设有五个走线孔 3051 , 其对应五个第一走线座 308, 五个走线孔 3051和五个第一走线座 308是—对 应且轴线重合的, 其中, 第一走线座 308的数量可以根据需要驱动的手指数量进 行安装, 一个第一驱动结构 300所对应的位置最多可以安装 5个第一走线座 308。 在具体应用中, 五个走线孔 3051沿圆周方向均匀布置且贯穿丝杆滑块 305, 其可 分别对应五根手指, 进而实现五根手指一起屈伸, 也可对应其中的 1至 4根手指 , 进而实现其中 1至 4根手指的屈伸。 在本实施例中, 通过选择第一驱动结构 300 的不同数目, 以及选择应用走线孔 3051的数目, 可以实现手指的耦合屈伸运动
[0061] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 通过第一驱动结构 300实现手指的耦合屈伸运动, 拇指的外展内收由另外单独的第二驱动结构 400完成, 第一驱动结构 300和第二 驱动结构 400两者结合起来, 最多可实现六自由度假肢手。
[0062] 具体地, 请结合图 5和图 6, 假肢手还包括设置于支撑结构 500上的第二驱动结 构 400, 该第二驱动结构 400用于驱动拇指进行内收外展运动。 在本实施例中, 第二驱动结构 400设置于支撑结构 500内, 不会对腕部动作造成干涉。
[0063] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 第二驱动结构 400包括第二驱动元件 401、 第二传动 组件、 转轴 405和固定帽 406。 其中, 第二传动组件的首端与第二驱动元件 401的 输出端连接, 第二传动组件的末端与转轴 405连接, 该第二传动组件用于将第二 驱动元件 401的动力传输给转轴 405, 进而使得转轴 405转动。 在本实施例中, 拇 指还包括拇指基座 201, 拇指近指节 203与拇指基座 201的一端转动连接, 拇指基 座 201的另一端与转轴 405固定连接, 通过转轴 405转动带动拇指基座 201转动, 进而带动拇指进行内收外展运动。 固定帽 406固定于转轴 405的一端, 以限制拇 指基座 201的轴向移动。
[0064] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 支撑结构 500包括支撑架 501, 以及设置于支撑架 50 1上的固定座 502和丝杆座 503, 其中, 第一驱动元件 301、 第二驱动元件 401固定 于固定座 502上, 丝杆 306的一端与固定座 502连接, 丝杆 306的另一端与丝杆座 5 03连接, 通过丝杆座 503限制丝杆 306位置, 第一走线座 308安装于丝杆座 503上 。 在本实施例中, 固定帽 406将拇指基座 201固定于固定座 502与固定帽 406之间 , 以限制拇指基座 201的轴向移动。 在具体应用中, 丝杆 306通过轴承与固定座 5 02连接, 并通过轴承与丝杆座 503连接。 优选地, 拇指基座 201与固定座 502和固 定帽 406之间均具有一定距离, 以防止拇指基座 201与固定座 502和固定帽 406之 间发生摩擦。
[0065] 另外, 可通过调整第一走线座 308和丝杠座的重合程度调整腱绳的连接长度, 使腱绳处于紧绷状态, 方便安装和实际使用中调整。 优选地, 有效调整长度为 丝杠座的厚度。 [0066] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 食指、 中指、 无名指和小指均还包括手指基座 101 、 第一扭簧 102、 第二扭簧 104、 第三扭簧 106、 第一指节轴、 第二指节轴和第三 指节轴。 其中, 第一扭簧 102套设于第一指节轴上, 第二扭簧 104套设于第二指 节轴上, 第三扭簧 106套设于第三指节轴上, 手指基座 101固定于支撑架 501上, 手指近指节 103通过第一扭簧 102和第一指节轴与手指基座 101转动连接, 手指中 指节 105通过第二扭簧 104和第二指节轴与手指近指节 103转动连接, 手指远指节 107通过第三扭簧 106和第三指节轴与手指中指节 105转动连接。
[0067] 拇指还包括第四扭簧 202、 第五扭簧 204、 第四指节轴和第五指节轴。 其中, 第 四扭簧 202套设于第四指节轴上, 第五扭簧 204套设于第五指节轴上, 拇指近指 节 203通过第四扭簧 202和第四指节轴与拇指近指节 203转动连接; 拇指远指节 20 5通过第五扭簧 204和第五指节轴与拇指近指节 203转动连接。
[0068] 在本实施例中, 通过设置在关节轴的扭簧, 实现腱绳放松状态下手指的伸展。
[0069] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 为了便于穿设腱绳, 在手指近指节 103内均开设有 第一通孔 1031, 在手指中指节 105内均开设有第二通孔 1051, 在拇指近指节 203 内开设有第三通孔 2031, 该第一通孔 1031和第二通孔 1051用于供手指腱绳 108穿 过, 该第三通孔 2031用于供拇指腱绳 206穿过。
[0070] 请结合图 7, 在本发明的一个实施例中, 食指、 中指、 无名指和小指均还包括 第一螺线管 109, 第一螺线管 109的一端与手指远指节 107连接, 第一螺线管 109 的另一端与对应的第一走线座 308连接。 拇指还包括第二螺线管 207, 第二螺线 管 207的一端与拇指远指节 205连接, 第二螺线管 207的另一端与对应的第一走线 座 308连接。 上述手指腱绳 108穿设第一螺线管 109设置, 拇指腱绳 206穿设第二 螺线管 207设置。 其中, 第一螺线管 109和第二螺线管 207是小径、 中空、 可弯曲 、 不可拉伸或压缩的走线通道, 该螺线管用于限制腱绳的位置, 并通过螺线管 可以限制位于螺线管内部的腱绳的长度。 另外, 通过调整螺线管和第一走线座 3 08的相对位置, 使腱绳在初始位置处于绷紧的状态。
[0071] 在具体应用中, 上述手指腱绳 108的一端固定于对应的手指远指节 107上, 另一 端通过手指中指节 105的第一通孔 1031, 再经过手指近指节 103的第二通孔 1051 , 后经过第一螺线管 109导向并通过第一走线座 308, 然后再通过走线孔 3051后 , 由端子卡扣 211将手指腱绳 108的末端固定于丝杆滑块 305上的走线孔 3051附近 。 其中, 手指腱绳 108在对应的第一走线座 308与丝杆滑块 305之间的线段是垂直 的, 即与走线孔 3051轴线重合。 手指腱绳 108呈张紧状态且不具有伸缩能力。
[0072] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 在丝杆座 503上还安装有第二走线座 208, 拇指结构 200还包括设置于支撑结构 500上的第一滑轮 209和第二滑轮 210, 第二滑轮 210与 第一滑轮 209等高, 拇指腱绳 206的一端穿过第二走线座 208后与第一滑轮 209的 一侧相切, 拇指腱绳 206对第一滑轮 209的切线与第二走线座 208的轴线重合, 拇 指腱绳 206绕过第一滑轮 209和第二滑轮 210后与丝杆滑块 305上的走线孔 3051的 轴线重合。 在本实施例中, 第一滑轮 209和第二滑轮 210起到导向的作用。
[0073] 在具体应用中, 拇指腱绳 206的一端固定于拇指远指节 205上, 另一端从拇指近 指节 203的第三通孔 2031出来后, 经过第二螺线管 207导向并通过第二走线座 208 后和第一滑轮 209—侧相切, 拇指腱绳 206对第一滑轮 209的切线与第二走线座 20 8的轴线重合, 拇指腱绳 206绕过第二滑轮 210后和丝杠滑块上的走线孔 3051中的 一个孔轴线重合, 通过走线孔 3051后, 由端子卡扣 211将拇指腱绳 206的末端固 定于丝杠滑块上的走线孔 3051附近。 第一滑轮 209和第二滑轮 210固定与丝杠座 上。 拇指腱绳 206是张紧状态且不具有伸缩能力。
[0074] 在本发明的一个实施例中, 第一传动组件包括第一减速器 302、 第一齿轮 303和 第二齿轮 304。 其中, 第一减速器 302与第一驱动元件 301的输出轴连接, 第一齿 轮 303固定套接于第一减速器 302的输出轴上, 第二齿轮 304固定套接于丝杆 306 上且与第一齿轮 303啮合。 第一驱动元件 301经第一减速器 302减速后, 带动第一 齿轮 303转动, 第一齿轮 303带动第二齿轮 304转动, 从而带动丝杠转动。
[0075] 第二驱动组件包括第二减速器 402、 第三齿轮 403和第四齿轮 404, 其中, 第二 减速器 402与第二驱动元件 401的输出轴连接, 第三齿轮 403固定套接于第二减速 器 402的输出轴上, 第四齿轮 404固定套接于转轴 405上且与第三齿轮 403啮合。 第二驱动元件 401经第二减速器 402减速后, 带动第三齿轮 403转动, 第三齿轮 40 3带动第四齿轮 404转动, 从而带动转轴 405转动。
[0076] 在具体应用中, 第一驱动元件 301和第二驱动元件 401可以是驱动马达, 驱动马 达包括但不仅限于电动机, 也可以是液 /气压驱动器、 形状记忆合金驱动器等其 他驱动器。
[0077] 优选地, 在本发明的一个实施例中, 在手指 (包括食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指 和拇指) 的末端远指节设置有自适应机构, 该自适应机构使假肢手对所抓取的 物体形状有一定的适应性, 以增强抓取的稳定性。 其中, 该自适应机构可以是 扭簧, 其使得末端指节处于弯曲状态, 以适应物体形状。
[0078] 在本发明实施例中, 手指结构 100的屈伸由第一驱动结构 300实现, 其具体实现 方式如下:
[0079] 第一驱动元件 301通过第一减速器 302减速后驱动固定于第一减速器 302的输出 轴上的第一齿轮 303转动, 第一齿轮 303与第二齿轮 304啮合, 第二齿轮 304固定 于丝杠的轴端, 带动丝杠转动, 丝杠滑块和丝杠配合运动, 将丝杠的转动运动 转化为丝杠滑块的直线运动; 固定于固定座 502和丝杠座上的导向杆 307用来限 制丝杠滑块的转动; 驱动手指结构 100的手指腱绳 108的一端固定于丝杠滑块的 走线孔 3051上; 因此, 当第一驱动元件 301正向通电后, 丝杠滑块垂直向下运动 , 带动手指腱绳 108拉伸, 从而带动手指结构 100的弯曲; 当第一驱动元件 301反 向通电后, 丝杠滑块垂直向上运动, 使得手指腱绳 108放松, 手指结构 100在第 一扭簧 102、 第二扭簧 104和第三扭簧 106的作用下恢复到初始位置。
[0080] 拇指结构 200的屈伸同样由第一驱动结构 300实现, 其具体实现方式如下:
[0081] 第一驱动元件 301通过第一减速器 302减速后驱动固定于第一减速器 302轴上的 第一齿轮 303转动, 第三齿轮 403与第二齿轮 304啮合, 第二齿轮 304固定于丝杠 的轴端, 带动丝杠转动, 丝杠滑块和丝杠配合运动, 将丝杠的转动运动转化为 丝杠滑块的直线运动; 固定于固定座 502和丝杠座的导向杆 307用来限制丝杠滑 块的转动; 驱动拇指结构 200的拇指腱绳 206的一端固定在丝杠滑块的走线孔 305 1上, 另一端经过第一滑轮 209和第二滑轮 210变向, 经过第二螺线管 207导向, 通过拇指近指节 203的第三通孔 2031连接到拇指远指节 205上; 拇指腱绳 206处于 绷紧状态, 因此, 当第一驱动元件 301正向通电后, 丝杠滑块垂直向下运动, 拉 动拇指腱绳 206, 从而带动拇指结构 200的弯曲; 当第一驱动元件 301反向通电后 , 丝杠滑块垂直向上运动, 使得拇指腱绳 206放松, 拇指结构 200在扭第四簧和 第五扭簧 204的作用下恢复到初始位置。 [0082] 拇指结构 200的内收外展由第二驱动结构 400实现, 其具体实现方式如下:
[0083] 第二通驱动元件过第二减速器 402减速后驱动固定于第二减速器 402轴上的第三 齿轮 403转动, 第三齿轮 403与第四齿轮 404啮合, 第四齿轮 404固定于转轴 405的 一端, 带动转轴 405转动, 拇指基座 201和转轴 405固定, 可以在转轴 405的带动 下转动, 因此, 当第二驱动元件 401正向通电后, 带动拇指结构 200完成内收运 动; 当第二驱动元件 401反向通电后, 带动拇指结构 200完成外展运动。
[0084] 由于假肢手的第一驱动结构 300采用模块化的设计, 因此对第一驱动结构 300和 第二驱动结构 400进行不同数量的选择和组装能够实现多种自由度假肢手。 假肢 手的手指结构 100同样采用模块化的设计结构, 因此, 对于手指数量的选择和装 配, 可以实现不同手指数量的假肢手。 在具体应用中, 驱动结构的组合方式如 下:
[0085] ( 1 ) 单主动自由度假肢手
[0086] 选择一个第一驱动结构 300作为多根手指的驱动结构, 可以实现五根手指同时 屈曲 /伸展运动, 拇指可以被动内外旋。 这里以五根手指为例, 假肢手安装的原 理示意图如图 8所示。 五根手指对应的腱绳分别固定于丝杠滑块的五个走线孔 30 51中, 丝杠座上对应五个走线孔 3051的位置安装五个第一走线座 308, 调整第一 走线座 308相对丝杠座的位置使各腱绳紧绷。 因此, 当第一驱动元件 301正向通 电后, 丝杠滑块垂直向下运动, 拉动各腱绳, 从而带动手指结构 100和拇指结构 200的弯曲; 当第一驱动元件 301反向通电后, 丝杠滑块垂直向上运动, 使得各 腱绳放松, 拇指结构 200和手指结构 100都恢复到初始位置。 此时, 拇指可以被 动内收外展。
[0087] 其中, 单主动自由度假肢手只有一种实现方案。
[0088] ( 2 ) 两主动自由度假肢手
[0089] 两主动自由度假肢手有两种驱动选择方案, 第一种是选择一个第一驱动结构 30 0作为五根手指同步屈伸的驱动结构, 选择一个第二驱动结构 400作为拇指内收 外展的驱动机构, 假肢手的安装原理示意图如图 9 (部分结构省略) 所示。
[0090] 第二种是选择两个第一驱动结构 300作为多根手指屈伸的驱动结构, 可以根据 所要完成的动作和排列组合的方法作如下 15种驱动屈伸的动作分配方案: ①第 一个第一驱动结构 300驱动一根手指, 第二个第一驱动结构 300驱动四根手指, 有如下 5种可行的手指驱动分配方法 (其中 ABCDE分别表示拇指、 食指、 中指、 无名指、 小指) : A\BCDE、 B\ACDE、 C\ABDE、 D\ABCE、 E\ABCD; ②第一个第一 驱动结构 300驱动两根手指, 第二个第一驱动结构 300驱动三根手指, 有如下 10 种可行的手指驱动分配方法: AB\CED、 AC\BDE、 AD\BCE、 AE\BCD、 BC\ADE、 BD\ ACE、 BE\ADC、 CD\ABE、 CE\ABD、 DE\ABC (如图 10所示, 部分结构省略, 其他驱 动方案类似, 不再单独表示) 。 此时, 拇指可以被动内外旋。
[0091] 其中, 两主动自由度假肢手有 26种实现方案。
[0092] ( 3 ) 三主动自由度假肢手
[0093] 三主动自由度假肢手有两种驱动选择方案, 第一种是选择两个第一驱动结构 30 0作为多根手指同步屈伸的驱动结构, 选择一个第二驱动结构 400作为拇指内收 外展的驱动结构。 此时, 手指屈伸有上述两主动自由度假肢手的第二种方案中 的 15种驱动方案。 其安装方式和示意图和上方案类似, 此处不再单独表示。
[0094] 第二种是选择三个第一驱动结构 300作为多根手指屈伸的驱动结构, 可以根据 所要完成的动作和腱绳对应驱动结构的连接方法作如下 25种驱动屈伸的动作分 配方案: ①第一个第一驱动结构 300驱动一根手指, 第二个第一驱动结构 300驱 动一根手指, 第三个第一驱动结构 300驱动三根手指, 有如下 10种可行的手指驱 动分配方法: A\B\CED、 A\C\BDE、 A\D\BCE、 A\E\BCD、 B\C\ADE、 B\D\ACE、 B\E \ADC、 C\D\ABE、 C\E\ABD、 D\E\ABC; ②第一个第一驱动结构 300驱动一根手指 , 第二个第一驱动结构 300驱动两根手指, 第三个第一驱动结构 300驱动两根手 指, 有如下 15种可行的手指驱动分配方法: A\BC\DE、 A\BD\CE、 A\BE\CD、 B\AC \DE、 B\AD\CE、 B\AE\CD、 C\AB\DE、 C\AD\BE、 C\AE\BD、 D\AB\CE、 D\AC\BE、 D \AE\BC、 E\AB\CD、 E\AC\BD、 E\AD\BC。 此时, 拇指可以被动内外旋。
[0095] 其中, 三主动自由度假肢手有 40种实现方案。
[0096] ( 4) 四主动自由度假肢手
[0097] 四主动自由度假肢手有两种驱动选择方案, 第一种是选择三个第一驱动结构 30 0作为多根手指同步屈伸的驱动结构, 选择一个第二驱动结构 400作为拇指内收 外展的驱动结构, 此时, 手指屈伸有上述三主动自由度假肢手第二种方法的 25 种驱动方案。
[0098] 第二种是选择四个第一驱动结构 300作为多根手指屈伸的驱动结构, 第一个第 一驱动结构 300驱动一根手指, 第二个第一驱动结构 300驱动一根手指, 第三个 第一驱动结构 300驱动一根手指, 第四个第一驱动结构 300驱动两根手指, 可以 根据所要完成的动作和腱绳对应驱动结构的连接方法作如下 10种驱动屈伸的动 作分配: A\B\C\DE、 A\B\D\CE、 A\B\E\CD、 A\C\D\BE、 A\C\E\BD、 B\D\ACE、 A\ D\E\BC、 B\C\D\AE、 B\C\E\AD、 B\D\E\AC、 C\D\E\AB。 此时, 拇指可以被动内 外旋。
[0099] 其中, 四主动自由度假肢手有 35种实现方案。
[0100] ( 5 ) 五主动自由度假肢手
[0101] 五主动自由度假肢手有两种驱动选择方案, 第一种是选择四个第一驱动结构 30 0作为多根手指同步屈伸的驱动结构, 选择一个第二驱动结构 400作为拇指内收 外展的驱动机构, 手指屈伸有如四主动自由度假肢手第二种方法的 10种驱动方 案。
[0102] 第二种是选择五个第一驱动结构 300作为多根手指屈伸的驱动结构。 每根手指 通过单独的第一驱动结构 300完成屈伸运动。 在对应第一驱动结构 300的位置安 装对应驱动手指的腱绳。 此时, 拇指可以被动内外旋。
[0103] 其中, 五主动自由度假肢手有 11种实现方案。
[0104] ( 6 ) 六主动自由度假肢手
[0105] 六主动自由度假肢手选择五个第一驱动结构 300驱动手指实现屈伸运动, 每个 第一驱动结构 300驱动一根手指, 选择一个第二驱动结构 400实现拇指内收外展 运动。
[0106] 其中, 六主动自由度假肢手有 1种实现方案。
[0107] 综上所述, 本发明实施例所设计的假肢手共有 114种实现方案。
[0108] 以上所述仅为本发明的可选实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明的 精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保 护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种假肢手, 其特征在于, 包括:
支撑结构;
拇指结构, 包括拇指;
手指结构, 包括食指、 中指、 无名指和小指, 所述食指、 中指、 无名 指、 小指和拇指分别按照人类手指的相对位置布置于支撑结构上; 以 及
至少一个第一驱动结构;
所述拇指包括由近到远依次设置的拇指近指节和拇指远指节, 以及拇 指腱绳; 所述食指、 中指、 无名指和小指均包括由近到远依次设置的 手指近指节、 手指中指节和手指远指节, 以及手指腱绳;
每一所述第一驱动结构包括设置于所述支撑结构上的第一驱动元件、 第一传动组件、 丝杆、 丝杆滑块、 导向杆和第一走线座; 所述第一传 动组件的首端与所述第一驱动元件的输出端连接, 末端与所述丝杆连 接, 且用于将所述第一驱动元件的动力传输给所述丝杆; 所述丝杆滑 块分别套设于所述丝杆和所述导向杆外, 以将所述丝杆的转动转化为 所述丝杆滑块沿丝杆轴向的直线运动; 所述丝杆滑块上开设有与所述 第一走线座一一对应且同轴设置的走线孔, 所述拇指腱绳和手指腱绳 的一端均与对应的远指节固定连接, 另一端穿过所述第一走线座和对 应的所述走线孔后固定于所述丝杆滑块上, 所述丝杆滑块的直线运动 带动所述拇指腱绳和手指腱绳拉伸或放松, 以使所述食指、 中指、 无 名指、 小指和拇指进行耦合屈伸运动。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述第一驱动结构的数量 为 1至 5个, 所述丝杆滑块上开设有五个所述走线孔。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 1所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述假肢手还包括设置于 所述支撑结构上的第二驱动结构, 所述第二驱动结构用于驱动所述拇 指进行内收外展运动。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 3所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述第二驱动结构包括第 二驱动元件、 第二传动组件、 转轴和固定帽, 所述第二传动组件的首 端与所述第二驱动元件的输出端连接, 末端与所述转轴连接, 且用于 将所述第二驱动元件的动力传输给所述转轴; 所述拇指还包括拇指基 座, 所述拇指近指节与所述拇指手指基座的一端转动连接, 所述拇指 基座的另一端与所述转轴固定连接, 所述固定帽固定于所述转轴的一 端, 以限制所述拇指基座的轴向移动。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 4所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述支撑结构包括支撑架 , 以及设置于所述支撑架上的固定座和丝杆座, 所述第一驱动元件、 第二驱动元件固定于所述固定座上, 所述丝杆的一端与所述固定座连 接, 另一端与所述丝杆座连接, 所述第一走线座安装于所述丝杆座上
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 5所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述食指、 中指、 无名指 和小指均还包括手指基座、 第一扭簧、 第二扭簧、 第三扭簧、 第一指 节轴、 第二指节轴和第三指节轴, 所述第一扭簧套设于所述第一指节 轴上, 所述第二扭簧套设于所述第二指节轴上, 所述第三扭簧套设于 所述第三指节轴上, 所述手指基座固定于所述支撑架上, 所述手指近 指节通过所述第一扭簧和第一指节轴与所述手指基座转动连接, 所述 手指中指节通过所述第二扭簧和第二指节轴与所述手指近指节转动连 接, 所述手指远指节通过所述第三扭簧和第三指节轴与所述手指中指 节转动连接;
所述拇指还包括第四扭簧、 第五扭簧、 第四指节轴和第五指节轴, 所 述第四扭簧套设于所述第四指节轴上, 所述第五扭簧套设于所述第五 指节轴上, 所述拇指近指节通过所述第四扭簧和第四指节轴与所述拇 指近指节转动连接; 所述拇指远指节通过所述第五扭簧和第五指节轴 与所述拇指近指节转动连接。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 1至 6任一项所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述手指近指节 内均开设有第一通孔, 所述手指中指节内均开设有第二通孔, 所述拇 指近指节内开设有第三通孔, 所述第一通孔和第二通孔用于供所述手 指腱绳穿过, 所述第三通孔用于供所述拇指腱绳穿过。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 1至 6任一项所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述食指、 中指
、 无名指和小指均还包括第一螺线管, 所述拇指还包括第二螺线管, 所述手指腱绳穿设所述第一螺线管, 所述拇指腱绳穿设所述第二螺线 管。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 5所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述丝杆座上还安装有第 二走线座, 所述拇指结构还包括设置于所述支撑结构上的第一滑轮和 第二滑轮, 所述第二滑轮与所述第一滑轮等高, 所述拇指腱绳的一端 穿过所述第二走线座后与所述第一滑轮的一侧相切, 所述拇指腱绳对 所述第一滑轮的切线与所述第二走线座的轴线重合, 所述拇指腱绳绕 过所述第一滑轮和第二滑轮后与所述丝杆滑块上的走线孔的轴线重合
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 4所述的假肢手, 其特征在于, 所述第一传动组件包括第 一减速器、 第一齿轮和第二齿轮, 所述第一减速器与所述第一驱动元 件的输出轴连接, 所述第一齿轮固定套接于所述第一减速器的输出轴 上, 所述第二齿轮固定套接于所述丝杆上且与所述第一齿轮啮合; 所 述第二驱动组件包括第二减速器、 第三齿轮和第四齿轮, 所述第二减 速器与所述第二驱动元件的输出轴连接, 所述第三齿轮固定套接于所 述第二减速器的输出轴上, 所述第四齿轮固定套接于所述转轴上且与 所述第三齿轮啮合。
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