WO2020173181A1 - 背光模组及显示装置 - Google Patents

背光模组及显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020173181A1
WO2020173181A1 PCT/CN2019/125201 CN2019125201W WO2020173181A1 WO 2020173181 A1 WO2020173181 A1 WO 2020173181A1 CN 2019125201 W CN2019125201 W CN 2019125201W WO 2020173181 A1 WO2020173181 A1 WO 2020173181A1
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Prior art keywords
light
grating
color
incident
deflection
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PCT/CN2019/125201
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟宪东
王维
谭纪风
孟宪芹
陈小川
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/959,204 priority Critical patent/US11307460B2/en
Publication of WO2020173181A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020173181A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133621—Illuminating devices providing coloured light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133524—Light-guides, e.g. fibre-optic bundles, louvered or jalousie light-guides
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133603—Direct backlight with LEDs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133615—Edge-illuminating devices, i.e. illuminating from the side
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0028—Light guide, e.g. taper
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses

Definitions

  • embodiments of the present disclosure provide a backlight module and a display device.
  • the light source assembly includes: a first light source configured to emit a light beam of a first color; a second light source configured to emit a light beam of a second color; and a third light source configured to emit a light beam of a third color
  • the plurality of light incident portions include: a first light incident portion configured to receive the first color light beam, a second light incident portion configured to receive the second color light beam, and a third light The incident part is configured to receive the light beam of the third color
  • the plurality of light extraction devices further include at least one third light extraction device, and the first light extraction device is configured to guide the incident light from the first light The light beam of the first color of the section exits from the light exit surface along a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface, and the second light extraction device is configured to guide the first light beam from the second light entrance section The light beams of the two colors exit from the light exit surface along a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface, and the third light extraction device is configured to guide the light beam of the
  • the incident angle of the light beam of the first color on the light exit surface is greater than the critical angle of total reflection of the light beam of the first color from the inside of the light guide plate to the light exit surface and is less than 90%.
  • the incident angle of the second color light beam on the light exit surface is greater than the critical angle of total reflection of the second color light beam from the inside of the light guide plate toward the light exit surface and is less than 90 degrees
  • the incident angle of the light beam of the third color on the light exit surface is greater than the critical angle of total reflection of the light beam of the third color from the inside of the light guide plate toward the light exit surface and is less than 90 degrees.
  • the first light incident portion, the second light incident portion, and the third light incident portion are respectively located on different sides of the light guide plate.
  • the first light incident portion includes a plurality of first light incident regions, and the plurality of first light extraction devices on the light exit surface are arranged in multiple rows, and each row of the first light extraction device The light device is aligned with one of the plurality of first light incident regions; the second light incident portion includes a plurality of second light incident regions, and the plurality of second light extraction devices on the light exit surface are arranged In a plurality of rows, each row of the second light extraction device is aligned with one of the plurality of second light incident areas; and the third light incident portion includes a plurality of third light incident areas, and the light exit surface
  • the plurality of third light extraction devices above are arranged in multiple rows, and each row of the third light extraction device is aligned with one of the plurality of third light incident regions.
  • the first light extraction device is staggered from all the second light incident areas and all the third light incident areas, and the first light incident area and the second light incident area are different from the first color
  • the light beams are mutually staggered in the vertical direction
  • the second light extraction device is staggered from all the first light incident areas and all the third light incident areas
  • the third light extraction device is offset from all the first light incident areas and All the second light incident areas are staggered.
  • adjacent first light incident areas of the first light incident portion are separated by a first light shielding member, and adjacent second light incident areas of the second light incident portion are separated by It is separated by a second light-shielding member, and adjacent third light-incident regions of the third light incident portion are separated by a third light-shielding member.
  • the light exit surface further includes an incident light deflection area, and a plurality of first deflectors are arranged in the incident light deflection area, configured to transfer the first light from the first light incident portion
  • the light beams of the color are respectively deflected toward the plurality of first light extraction devices;
  • a plurality of second deflectors are configured to respectively deflect the light beams of the second color from the second light incident portion toward the plurality of second light extraction devices;
  • the plurality of third deflectors are configured to respectively deflect the light beams of the third color from the third light incident portion toward the plurality of third light extraction devices.
  • a light shielding layer is further provided on the incident light deflection area, and the light shielding layer covers the plurality of first deflectors, the plurality of second deflectors, and the plurality of third deflectors. Device.
  • each of the first deflectors includes a first deflection grating
  • each of the second deflectors includes a second deflection grating
  • each of the third deflectors includes a third deflection grating.
  • the first light incident portion, the second light incident portion, and the third light incident portion are arranged side by side on the same side of the light guide plate, and the first light incident portion includes a first In the light incident area, a plurality of the first deflection gratings are arranged in a row, and the orthographic projection of the row of the first deflection gratings on the side where the light guide plate is provided with the first light incident portion and the first light incident area At least partially overlapped, the plurality of first light extraction devices on the light exit surface are arranged in multiple rows, the arrangement direction of the first light extraction devices and the arrangement direction of the first deflection grating are perpendicular to each other, and each of the first light extraction devices A first side surface of a deflection grating faces the first light incident area, and a second side surface of each first deflection grating adjacent to the first side faces a row of the first light extraction devices;
  • the two light incident portions include a second light incident area, a plurality of the second def
  • the width of the first deflection grating in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the first light extraction device in each column, is equal to the width of the first light extraction device; In the direction of the arrangement direction of the second light extraction device, the width of the second deflection grating is equal to the width of the second light extraction device; and is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the third light extraction device in each column In the direction of, the width of the third deflection grating is equal to the width of the third light extraction device.
  • the extending direction of the grating strips of the first deflection grating is inclined with respect to the incident direction of the light beam of the first color on the first deflection grating
  • the grating strips of the second deflection grating are The extension direction is inclined with respect to the incident direction of the light beam of the second color on the second deflection grating
  • the extension direction of the grating strips of the third deflection grating is in the third direction relative to the light beam of the third color.
  • the incident direction on the deflection grating is inclined.
  • the light beams of different colors emitted by the light source assembly are collimated light beams.
  • the first light extraction device includes a first light extraction grating
  • the second light extraction device includes a second light extraction grating
  • the third light extraction device includes a third light extraction grating
  • the extending direction of the grating strips of the first light extraction grating is perpendicular to the incident direction of the light beam of the first color on the first light extraction grating, and the grating of the second light extraction grating
  • the extending direction of the strips is perpendicular to the incident direction of the light beam of the second color on the second light extraction grating
  • the extending direction of the grating strips of the third light extraction grating is perpendicular to the light beam of the third color. The incident direction on the third light extraction grating.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a display device, including: the backlight module as described in any of the above embodiments; and a liquid crystal display assembly located on the side of the light exit surface of the backlight module.
  • the liquid crystal display assembly includes: a liquid crystal layer; a plurality of light-shielding parts on the side of the liquid crystal layer that faces away from the backlight module, and the light-emitting surface
  • the projection respectively covers a plurality of light extraction devices in the pixel backlight area, and a light-transmitting opening is formed between the plurality of light-shielding parts; and the first electrodes and the first electrodes respectively located on both sides of the liquid crystal layer or on the same side of the liquid crystal layer
  • a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to apply a set of voltage signals to the liquid crystal layer to form a set of voltage signals in the liquid crystal layer configured to deflect light beams passing therethrough to shield light from the plurality of The liquid crystal grating emitted from the light-transmitting opening between the parts.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the xz plane of the backlight module shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the yz plane of the backlight module shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of the backlight module shown in FIG. 1;
  • 5A and 5B show the light incident portion of the light guide plate of the backlight module shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the principle of extracting collimated light beams of different colors of a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a backlight module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 shows a top view of the backlight module shown in FIG. 8;
  • 11 and 12 show the principle of collimating light extraction of the backlight module shown in FIG. 8;
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of the design of the deflector in the backlight module shown in FIG. 8;
  • Fig. 14 shows a schematic diagram of the incident light wave vector as shown in Fig. 13 decomposed in the xz plane;
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of the diffracted light wave vector as shown in FIG. 13 decomposed in the yz plane;
  • Fig. 16 shows a schematic diagram of the grating vector as shown in Fig. 13 decomposed in the xy plane;
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of the design of a light-extracting grating in a backlight module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 19 shows a schematic diagram of a display device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 20 shows the light incident part of the light guide plate of the backlight module shown in FIG. 8.
  • the light source assembly includes, for example, a light beam of a first color (for example, the collimated light beam 31 of the first color) and a light beam of the second color (for example, the collimated light beam 32 of the second color) respectively configured to emit ,
  • the orthographic projections overlap at least partially.
  • the collimated light beam 33 of the third color includes multiple first sub-light sources, multiple second sub-light sources, multiple third sub-light sources, and the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light
  • the incident portion 213 respectively corresponds to a plurality of first sub-light sources, a plurality of second sub-light sources, and a plurality of third sub-light sources; in other words, a plurality of first sub-light sources, a plurality of second sub-light sources, and a plurality of third sub-light sources are
  • the orthographic projection on the side of the light guide plate 20 that it faces is at least partially aligned with the orthographic projection of the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third
  • the “light incident portion” does not specifically refer to a separate component, which is, for example, a part of the light guide plate 20 configured to receive the incidence of light, such as a surface or area for receiving a certain light beam.
  • the "light incident portion” includes, for example, a continuous light-transmitting area, and also includes, for example, an intermittent light-transmitting area (which may be referred to as a light incident area).
  • the plurality of light incident parts are configured to respectively receive collimated light beams of different colors.
  • the light exit surface 22 is provided with a plurality of pixel backlight regions 23 configured to provide backlights for a plurality of pixel regions on the liquid crystal panel respectively. It should be noted that the light beam emitted by the light source assembly and the light beam received by the light incident portion are not limited to collimated light beams.
  • the “pixel backlight area” refers to an area on the light exit surface 22 corresponding to pixels on the liquid crystal panel of the display device.
  • Each pixel backlight area 23 corresponds to a display pixel (a display pixel includes several sub-pixels, for example).
  • the light beam emitted from the single pixel backlight area 23 will be used to illuminate a single pixel area on the liquid crystal panel (for example, it may include several sub-pixel areas, such as a red sub-pixel area, a green sub-pixel area, and a blue sub-pixel area); in other words, this
  • corresponding here means that the orthographic projection of each pixel backlight area 23 on the liquid crystal panel at least partially overlaps with the corresponding single pixel area, for example completely overlaps (in this case, "corresponding" means completely aligned ).
  • a plurality of light extraction devices are included in at least one (for example, each) pixel backlight area 23.
  • the plurality of light extraction devices are configured to respectively guide collimated light beams of different colors from the plurality of light incident portions (for example, in a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface 22) to exit from the light exit surface 22.
  • the light beams of multiple colors emitted by the light source assembly include, for example, a first color light beam (e.g., emitted by a single or multiple first sub-light sources) and a second color light beam (e.g., a single or multiple second sub-light sources).
  • the plurality of light extraction devices include at least one first light extraction device and at least one second light extraction device
  • the first light extraction device is configured to guide (for example, from at least one first light entrance portion)
  • the light beam of the first color (for example, the collimated light beam 31 of the first color) is emitted from the light exit surface 22
  • the second light extraction device is configured to guide (for example, from at least one second light incident portion)
  • the light beam of two colors exits from the light exit surface 22.
  • each pixel backlight area 23 is arranged in a matrix form, for example.
  • each pixel backlight area 23 provides, for example, multiple colors of outgoing light beams to meet the requirements of color display.
  • light-emitting devices that directly emit monochromatic light beams of different colors to serve as sub-light sources configured to emit light of different colors
  • the above-mentioned effects are achieved by the arrangement of light sources (including, for example, two or more sub-light sources that emit monochromatic light beams of different colors) and the provision of a pixel backlight area with a light extraction device on the light exit surface.
  • the thickness of the backlight module according to the embodiments of the present disclosure does not increase significantly, which is beneficial to realize a lighter and thinner device.
  • the collimated light beam emitted by the collimated light source has good directivity, it helps prevent the mutual interference between light beams of different colors.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the first The one collimated light source 11, the second collimated light source 12, and the third collimated light source 13 are also replaced by other light sources, such as non-collimated light sources, such as point light sources, surface light sources, or line light sources.
  • the plurality of light extraction devices in each pixel backlight area 23 include, for example, one or more first light extraction devices 231, one or more second light extraction devices 232, and one or more second light extraction devices.
  • the first light extraction device 231 is configured to guide the collimated light beam 31 of the first color from the first light incident portion 211 to exit from the light exit surface 22 in a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface 22.
  • the second light extraction device 232 is configured to guide the collimated light beam 32 of the second color from the second light incident portion 212 to exit from the light exit surface 22 in a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface 22.
  • the above-mentioned light extraction devices all include, for example, a light extraction grating, which is designed, for example, according to the color (wavelength) of the collimated light beam that it matches.
  • the first light extraction device 231 is, for example, the first light extraction grating for extracting the collimated light beam 31 of the first color
  • the second light extraction device 232 is, for example, the second light extraction device for extracting the collimated light beam 32 of the second color.
  • the third light extraction device 233 is, for example, a third light extraction grating for extracting the collimated light beam 33 of the third color.
  • the collimated light beam 31 of the first color, the collimated light beam 32 of the second color, and the collimated light beam 33 of the third color all exit from the light exit surface 22 in a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface 22.
  • the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
  • the light beam is emitted in other ways.
  • the plurality of pixel backlight regions 23 on the light exit surface 22 are arranged in a matrix, for example.
  • the first light incident part 211 that receives and transmits the collimated light beam 31 of the first color is provided on the left side of the light guide plate 20, and receives and transmits the collimated light beam 32 of the second color.
  • the second light incident portion 212 of the light guide plate 20 is provided on the right side
  • the third light incident portion 213 that receives and transmits the collimated light beam 33 of the third color is provided on the rear side of the light guide plate 20 (located above FIG. 4)
  • the first light incident portion 211 on the left side of the light guide plate 20 and the second light incident portion 212 on the right side of the light guide plate 20 are disposed opposite to each other.
  • the first collimated light source 11, the second collimated light source 12, and the third collimated light source 13 are arranged to face the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light incident portion 213, respectively; in other words The first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light incident portion 213 are respectively disposed on the first collimated light source 11, the second collimated light source 12, and the second collimated light source 11, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, for example.
  • the three-collimated light source 13 is on the side facing the light guide plate 20.
  • the arrangement of the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light incident portion 213 in the embodiment of the present application is not limited to the above situation.
  • each row of the first light extraction device 231 is aligned with one of the plurality of first light incident regions 241 (that is, the row of the first light extraction device 231 is provided with a first light incident portion on the light guide plate
  • the orthographic projection on one side of 211 and the first light incident area 241 at least partially overlap, or even completely overlap, in the arrangement direction of the first light incident areas), so that the light incident from the first light incident area 241
  • the collimated light beam can conveniently irradiate the first light extraction device 231 in the row.
  • the multiple collimated light beams 31 of the first color emitted by the first collimated light source 11 enter the light guide plate 20 from the multiple first light incident regions 241 respectively, and are reflected by the light guide plate 20 by the first light extraction device 231.
  • Guide the emitted light exit surface 22 (for example, along the direction perpendicular to both the x direction and the y direction in FIG. 4, that is, the direction perpendicular to the paper surface outward).
  • the second light incident portion 212 may include a plurality of second light incident areas 242 spaced apart from each other, and the plurality of first light incident areas 241 and the first light incident area 241 of the first light incident portion 211
  • the plurality of second light incident regions 242 of the two light incident portions 212 are alternately staggered to each other in the same direction, for example (more specifically, alternately staggered in the y direction shown in FIG. 4 ).
  • the plurality of second light extraction devices 232 on the light exit surface 22 are also arranged in multiple rows (for example, each row of the plurality of second light extraction devices 232 follows the collimated light beam 32 of the second color).
  • the propagation direction (the x direction in FIG.
  • the multiple collimated light beams 32 of the second color emitted by the second collimated light source 12 enter the light guide plate 20 from the multiple second light incident areas 242 respectively, and are reflected by the second light extraction device 232 after being reflected by the light guide plate 20.
  • Guide the emitted light exit surface 22 (for example, in the direction perpendicular to both the x direction and the y direction in FIG. 4, that is, the direction perpendicular to the paper surface outward).
  • the third light incident part 213 includes a plurality of third light incident regions 243 spaced apart from each other.
  • each column of the third light extraction device 233 is aligned with one of the plurality of third light incident regions 243 (that is, the row of the third light extraction device 233 is provided with a third light entrance portion 213 on the light guide plate
  • the orthographic projection on the side and the third light incident area 243 at least partially overlap, or even completely overlap, in the arrangement direction of the plurality of third light incident areas).
  • the multiple collimated light beams 33 of the third color emitted by the third collimated light source 13 respectively enter the light guide plate 20 from the multiple third light incident regions 243, and are reflected by the third light extraction device 233 after being reflected by the light guide plate 20.
  • the light incident area is arranged to be aligned with the corresponding rows or columns of light extraction devices, for example, the collimated light beams incident from the light entrance area are correctly extracted by the corresponding light extraction devices.
  • the light incident area and light extraction device designed for collimated light beams of a certain color and the light incident area and light extraction device for collimated light beams of other colors are combined.
  • the light device is staggered in position.
  • it is also designed for a certain color.
  • each first light extraction device 231 is Staggered from all the second light incident areas 242 and all the third light incident areas 243 (that is, the orthographic projection of each first light extraction device 231 on the side of the light guide plate 20 on which the second light incident portion 212 is provided is different from Each second light incident area 242 does not overlap in the arrangement direction of the plurality of second light incident areas, and the orthographic projection of each first light extraction device 231 on the side of the light guide plate 20 where the third light incident portion 213 is provided It does not overlap with all the third light incident areas 243 in the arrangement direction of the plurality of third light incident areas); each second light extraction device 232 is incident on all the first light incident areas 241 and all the third light
  • the regions 243 are staggered (that is, the orthographic projection of each second light extraction device 232 on the side of the light guide
  • each third light extraction device 233 is staggered from all the first light incident areas 241 and all the second light incident areas 242 (that is, each third light extraction device 233 is in the guide
  • the orthographic projection on the side of the light plate 20 on which the first light incident portion 211 is provided does not overlap with each first light incident area 241 in the arrangement direction of the plurality of first light incident areas, and each third light extraction device 233
  • the orthographic projection on the side of the light guide plate 20 on which the second light incident portion 212 is provided does not overlap with all the second light incident regions 242 in the arrangement direction of the plurality of second light incident regions).
  • the collimated light beam 31 of the first color, the collimated light beam 32 of the second color, and the collimated light beam 33 of the third color enter the light guide plate from three directions respectively, and respectively face their matching
  • the first light extraction device 231, the second light extraction device 232, and the third light extraction device 233 travel. This is convenient for extracting collimated light beams of multiple colors from each pixel backlight area 23 while preventing collimated light beams of certain colors from irradiating light extraction devices that do not match it.
  • the parameter design of the light extraction device is based on the wavelength of the light beam, for example, if the collimated light beam 31 of the first color irradiates the second light extraction device 232 or the third light extraction device 233, the light extraction device may be affected.
  • the normal light extraction operation of the device causes interference.
  • the arrangement design of the light incident area and the light extraction device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can weaken or avoid the unmatched collimated beam of undesired color (or called undesired wavelength) for the light extraction device to match the collimated beam. The influence of the normal light extraction operation.
  • adjacent light incident areas are separated by light shielding components, for example, or the space between adjacent light incident areas is filled by light shielding components.
  • the adjacent first light incident areas 241 of the first light incident portion 211 are separated by, for example, the first light shielding member 251
  • the adjacent second light incident areas 242 of the second light incident portion 212 are separated by, for example,
  • the second light shielding member 252 is separated
  • the adjacent third light incident regions 243 of the third light incident portion 213 are separated by, for example, the third light shielding member 253.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of the first light extraction device 231, the second light extraction device 232 and the third light extraction device 233 in the backlight module 100.
  • the first light extraction device 231, the second light extraction device 232, and the third light extraction device 233 are respectively composed of a first light extraction grating, a second light extraction grating, and a third light extraction grating.
  • the grating vectors of the first light extraction grating, the second light extraction grating and the third light extraction grating are represented by Kr, Kg, and Kb, respectively.
  • the direction of the grating vector is perpendicular to the extending direction of the grating bars.
  • the extending directions of the stripes in the first light extraction device 231, the second light extraction device 232, and the third light extraction device 233 in Fig. 7 indicate the extending direction of the grating strips.
  • the extension direction of the grating strips of the first light extraction device 231 is perpendicular to the plane where the collimated beam 31 of the first color is located, and the extension direction of the grating strips of the second light extraction device 232 is the same as that of the second color.
  • the plane where the collimated light beam 32 is located is vertical
  • the extending direction of the grating strips of the third light extraction device 233 is vertical to the plane where the collimated light beam 33 of the third color is located.
  • the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light incident portion 213 are, for example, disposed on the same side of the light guide plate 20, so that the light source is emitted from the light source and emitted through them.
  • the beams are parallel to each other.
  • the light exit surface 22 includes a plurality of pixel backlight regions 23, and also includes incident light. Deflection zone 26.
  • a plurality of pixel backlight areas 23 form, for example, a display area 27 for extracting collimated light beams of different colors to meet the needs of color image display.
  • the function of the incident light deflection zone 26 is to collimate the first color collimated light beam 31 and the second color light incident from the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light incident portion 213, respectively.
  • the straight light beam 32 and the collimated light beam 33 of the third color are deflected to light extraction devices respectively located in the plurality of pixel backlight regions 23 (the light extraction device includes: a light extraction device configured to guide the first color from the first light incident portion 211 The collimated light beam 31 emerges from the light exit surface 22 along the direction perpendicular to the light exit surface 22.
  • the plurality of first light extraction devices 231 are configured to guide the second color collimated light beam 32 from the second light entrance portion 212 along
  • a plurality of second light extraction devices 232 that exit from the light exit surface 22 in a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface 22 are configured to guide the collimated light beam 33 of the third color from the third light entrance portion 213 along the light exit surface 22.
  • the incident light deflection zone 26 includes: a plurality of first deflectors (for example, the first deflection grating 261), a plurality of second deflectors (for example, the second deflection grating 262), and a plurality of third deflectors (for example, the first deflection grating 262); Three deflection grating 263).
  • the plurality of first deflectors are configured to deflect the collimated light beams 31 of the first color from the first light incident portion 211 toward the plurality of first light extraction devices 231 respectively.
  • the plurality of second deflectors are configured to respectively deflect the collimated light beams 32 of the second color from the second light incident portion 212 toward the plurality of second light extraction devices 232.
  • the plurality of third deflectors are configured to respectively deflect the collimated light beams 33 of the third color from the third light incident portion 213 toward the plurality of third light extraction devices 233. With the help of these deflectors, it is convenient to redirect the collimated light beams of various colors entering the light guide plate 20, which facilitates the simplification of the arrangement of each light incident portion and the collimated light source corresponding to each light incident portion.
  • the first deflector includes, for example, a first deflection grating 261, the second deflector includes, for example, a second deflection grating 262, and the third deflector includes, for example, a third deflection grating 263.
  • the first deflection grating 261, the second deflection grating 262, and the third deflection grating 263 are, for example, inclined gratings.
  • the first deflection grating 261, the second deflection grating 262, and the third deflection grating 263 will be introduced below by taking a tilted grating as an example, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the “tilted grating” mentioned here means that the extending direction of the grating strips in the grating is not perpendicular to the direction in which the incident collimated beam is incident on the grating (or the extending direction of the grating strips in the grating is relative to the collimated direction.
  • the incident direction of the straight beam on the grating is oblique). This can be seen vividly in Figure 12.
  • FIG. 12 schematically shows a collimated light beam (for example, the collimated light beam 31 of the first color) incident from the light incident part and a tilted grating (for example, the first deflection grating 261) serving as a deflector, and a light extraction device.
  • the overall traveling direction of the collimated light beam 31 of the first color in the light guide plate 20 is from left to right, and the diagonal stripes of the first deflection grating 261 indicate the extending direction of the grating bars 264 of the first deflection grating 261. It can be seen that the extending direction of the grating bars 264 of the first deflection grating 261 is not perpendicular to the overall traveling direction of the collimated light beam 31 of the first color.
  • the incident direction of the collimated light beam 31 of the first color on the first deflection grating 261 is also inclined with respect to the vertical direction, and the extension direction of the grating bars 264 of the first deflection grating 261 is the same as the collimated light beam 31 of the first color.
  • the direction of incidence on the grating is also non-vertical.
  • the extending direction of the grating strips 264 of the first light extraction grating 271 is perpendicular to the incident direction of the collimated light beam 31 of the first color on the first light extraction grating 271.
  • the horizontal stripes of the first light extraction grating 271 in FIG. 12 indicate the extending direction of the grating strips of the first light extraction grating 271.
  • the extension direction of the grating strips of the second light extraction grating is also, for example, perpendicular to the incident direction of the collimated light beam 32 of the second color on the second light extraction grating, and the third light extraction grating
  • the extending direction of the grating bars is also, for example, perpendicular to the incident direction of the collimated light beam 33 of the third color on the third light extraction grating.
  • the first light incident portion 211 includes, for example, a first light incident area 241
  • the second light incident portion 212 includes a second light incident area. 242.
  • the third light incident portion 213 includes a third light incident area 243. It should be noted that the first light incident area 241, the second light incident area 242, and the third light incident area 243 do not necessarily have a notch shape mechanically, but only need this part to allow the correspondingly matched collimated light beam to pass through It is sufficient to enter the light guide plate 20 at this point.
  • the first light incident area 241, the second light incident area 242, and the third light incident area 243 are separated by, for example, a light shielding member to prevent the collimated light beams from interfering with each other, but this is not necessary.
  • the area 241, the second light incident area 242, and the third light incident area 243 are also not provided with a light shielding member, for example, but are only provided to be staggered from each other, for example.
  • the first deflection grating 261, the second deflection grating 262, and the third deflection grating 263 are respectively located between the first light incident area 241 and the first light extraction device 231, and the second light incident area on the optical path of the collimated light beams respectively matched.
  • the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light incident portion 213 are arranged side by side on the same side of the light guide plate 20. In the example shown in FIG.
  • a plurality of first deflection gratings 261 are arranged in a row, and the orthographic projection of the row of first deflection gratings 261 on the side of the light guide plate 20 on which the first light incident portion 211 is provided and The first light incident area 241 at least partially overlaps, or even completely overlaps; similarly, a plurality of second deflection gratings 262 are also arranged in a row, for example, and the row of second deflection gratings 262 is provided with a second deflection grating 262 on the light guide plate 20 The orthographic projection on one side of the second light incident portion 212 and the second light incident area 242 at least partially overlap, or even completely overlap; and a plurality of third deflection gratings 263 are also arranged in a row, and the row is third deflection The orthographic projection of the grating 263 on the side of the light guide plate 20 where the third light incident portion 213 is provided at least partially overlaps with the third light incident area 243
  • the multiple first light extraction devices 231 on the light exit surface 22 are arranged in multiple rows (for example, along the propagation direction of the first color collimated light beam 31 after being deflected by the first deflection grating 261 (in FIG. y direction) arrangement), the arrangement direction of the first light extraction device (y direction in FIG. 10) and the arrangement direction of the first deflection gratings (x direction in FIG.
  • each first deflection grating 261 is perpendicular to each other, and each first deflection grating 261
  • the first side 281 of each first deflection grating 261 faces the first light incident region 241
  • the second side 284 of each first deflection grating 261 adjacent to the first side 281 faces a row of first light extraction devices 231;
  • the second light extraction devices 231 are arranged in multiple rows (for example, arranged along the propagation direction (y direction in FIG.
  • the adjacent second side 285 faces a row of second light extraction devices 231; moreover, the multiple third light extraction devices 233 on the light exit surface 22 are arranged in multiple rows, similar to the foregoing (for example, along the collimated beam of the third color) 33 after being deflected by the third deflection grating 263 (the y direction in FIG. 10), the arrangement direction of the third light extraction device is also perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the third deflection grating, and each third deflection grating
  • the first side 283 of the grating 263 faces the third light incident area 243, and the second side 286 adjacent to the first side 283 of each third deflection grating 263 faces a row of third light extraction devices 233.
  • the width of each deflection grating is set equal to the width of the corresponding light extraction device, for example, to ensure that the deflection grating is better matched with the light extraction device in size and improve the light extraction efficiency of the light extraction device. For example, as shown in FIG.
  • the width of the first deflection grating 261 is equal to the width of the first light extraction device 231;
  • the width A2 of the second deflection grating 262 is equal to the width of the second light extraction device 232; and is perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the third light extraction device 233 in each column
  • the width of the third deflection grating 263 is equal to the width of the third light extraction device 233.
  • the widths of the deflection gratings 263 are each set to be smaller than a certain threshold value, for example, so that the first deflection grating 261, the second deflection grating 262, and the third deflection grating 263 do not overlap each other (in other words, more specifically, the first deflection grating 261 .
  • the second deflection grating 262 and the third deflection grating 263 are each provided with the first light incident portion 211, the second light incident portion 212, and the third light incident portion 213 side by side of the light guide plate 20 The orthographic projections on one side do not overlap each other).
  • the first deflector is configured to change the deflection direction of the collimated light beam 31 of the first color while keeping the angle between the collimated light beam 31 of the first color and the light exit surface 22 unchanged, for example, in FIG. 11
  • the angle ⁇ 1 between the collimated beam 31 of the first color and the light exit surface 22 before being deflected by the first deflector and the angle between the collimated beam 31 of the first color and the light exit surface 22 after being deflected The angle ⁇ 2 is equal.
  • the first The plane on which the collimated light beam 31 of one color propagates is also deflected around a vertical axis perpendicular to the top surface of the light guide plate. This method is beneficial to conveniently control the traveling direction of the collimated light beam 31 of the first color to prevent crosstalk between different collimated light beams.
  • the second deflector is also configured to change the deflection direction of the collimated beam 32 of the second color while maintaining the angle between the collimated beam 32 of the second color and the light exit surface 22.
  • the third deflector is also configured to change the deflection direction of the collimated light beam 33 of the third color while keeping the angle between the collimated light beam 33 of the third color and the light exit surface 22 unchanged.
  • the light guide plate 20 further includes a planarization layer 29, for example.
  • the planarization layer 29 is, for example, located on the light exit surface 22 and covers the first light extraction device (grating) 231, the second light extraction device (grating) 232, and the third light extraction device (grating) 233.
  • the refractive index of the planarization layer 29 may be lower than that of the light guide plate 20, thereby facilitating total reflection of each collimated light beam in the light guide plate 20.
  • a light-shielding layer 28 is also provided on the incident light deflection area 26.
  • the light shielding layer 28 covers the plurality of first deflectors 231, the plurality of second deflectors 232 and the plurality of third deflectors 233.
  • the light-shielding layer 28 is made of, for example, a reflective material or a black light-absorbing material, and is used to prevent the incident light deflection area 26 from leaking light along a direction parallel to the light exit direction of the light exit surface 22.
  • each collimated light beam is, for example, set to be obliquely incident into the light guide plate.
  • the first collimated light source 11 and the first light incident portion 211 are configured to work together to transmit the collimated light beam 31 of the first color into the first light incident portion 211 and then obliquely enter the light exit at a first incident angle ⁇ 1.
  • the second collimated light source 12 and the second light incident portion 212 are configured to work together to transmit the collimated light beam 32 of the second color into the second light incident portion 212 and then obliquely enter the light exit at a second angle of incidence ⁇ 2 Surface 22;
  • the third collimated light source 13 and the third light incident portion 213 are configured to work together to transmit the collimated light beam 33 of the third color into the third light incident portion 213 and then obliquely enter the light exit at a third incident angle ⁇ 3 ⁇ 22.
  • the incident angle (first incident angle ⁇ 1) of the collimated light beam 31 of the first color on the light exit surface 22 is greater than or equal to the collimated light beam 31 of the first color.
  • the critical angle of total reflection of the straight light beam 31 from the inside of the light guide plate toward the light exit surface 22 is less than 90 degrees; the incident angle of the collimated light beam 32 of the second color on the light exit surface 22 (the second incident angle ⁇ 2) is greater than It is equal to the critical angle of total reflection of the collimated light beam 32 of the second color from the inside of the light guide plate toward the light exit surface 22 and is less than 90 degrees; and the collimated light beam 33 of the third color is on the light exit surface 22
  • the incident angle (the third incident angle ⁇ 3) is greater than or equal to the critical angle of total reflection of the collimated light beam 33 of the third color from the inside of the light guide plate toward the light exit surface 22 and is less than 90 degrees.
  • the incident angle is greater than or equal to the critical angle of total reflection is a necessary condition for total reflection
  • the critical angle of total reflection is determined by the medium on both sides of the interface where the beam is incident (for example, light guide plate medium and air or light guide plate medium and The refractive index of the cover layer) is determined. Since the refractive index of the medium may depend on the wavelength of the incident light, the critical angle of total reflection may be different for light beams of different colors. The specific calculation of the critical angle of total reflection is well known in the art, and will not be repeated again.
  • the first collimated light source 11 may include one or more first light-emitting components 111 and a first reflective cover 112
  • the second collimated light source 12 may include one or more There are more second light emitting parts 121 and second reflective covers 122
  • the third collimated light source 13 may include one or more third light emitting parts 131 and third reflective covers 132.
  • the first light-emitting part 111 may be configured to emit light of a first color
  • the first reflective cover 112 is, for example, configured to collimate the light of the first color emitted by the first light-emitting part 111 to form a collimated light beam 31 of the first color. .
  • the second light emitting component 121 may be configured to emit light of the second color
  • the second reflective cover 122 is configured to, for example, collimate the light of the second color emitted by the second light emitting component 121 to form a collimated light beam 32 of the second color.
  • the third light-emitting part 131 is, for example, configured to emit light of a third color
  • the third reflective cover 132 is configured to, for example, collimate the light of the third color emitted by the third light-emitting part 131 to form a collimated light beam 33 of the third color.
  • the above-mentioned first light-emitting part 111, second light-emitting part 121, and third light-emitting part 131 all include, for example, any light-emitting part in the prior art, such as a light-emitting diode (LED) or the like.
  • a light-emitting diode LED
  • three monochromatic light-emitting diodes are used as the first light-emitting component 111, the second light-emitting component 121, and the third light-emitting component 131, respectively, which have advantages such as small size and narrow spectral width.
  • each collimated light beam is set to be obliquely incident into the light guide plate 20, for example, by adjusting the angle of the reflector corresponding to each collimated light beam to change the exit of the collimated light beam.
  • the shapes of the first reflector 112, the second reflector 122, and the third reflector 132 are, for example, the same, or alternatively, for example, different.
  • the deflector arranged in the incident light deflection area in the light exit surface is introduced below by taking the inclined grating as an example.
  • the working mechanism of the tilted grating is: its effective diffraction order is the reflected diffraction order 1st order R+1 beam, and the diffraction order maintaining the original beam propagation direction is the transmission diffraction 0th order R0 beam.
  • the transmission path of R+1 grade light in the light guide plate is the area where a row of light extraction gratings are located (as shown in Figure 11, for example, R+1 grade light propagates toward the column of light extraction gratings in the light guide plate, and for example It has a beam width that is substantially the same as or smaller than the size of the column of light extraction gratings along the x direction so as to exit from the light exit surface 22 through the column of light extraction gratings (ie, viewed from the top view of FIG. 12, the R+1 beam Compared with the collimated beam before being diffracted by the inclined grating, the transmission direction of the collimated beam is deflected by 90 degrees, but the angle with the light exit surface 22 remains unchanged).
  • the R0-order light beam in Figure 12 is the diffraction-order light that still maintains the original transmission direction.
  • the R0-level beam passes through another inclined grating again, it will again produce a reflected diffraction order negative 1st-order R+1 beam (this part of the light is also in the same way as the R+1-order beam produced by the previous inclined grating
  • the second column of light extraction gratings are deflected
  • reflect the 0-level R0 beam continuously reflect to maintain the original propagation direction and the angle with the light exit surface 22 for the next inclined grating to split light again to generate R+ 1 to deflection toward the next row of light extraction gratings, for example, the third row of light extraction gratings for beam extraction by the next row of light extraction gratings).
  • Fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of the above-mentioned inclined grating design.
  • angle The angle between the extending direction of the grating bars 264 and the y-axis
  • period P2 the pitch between the grating bars 264
  • the two key parameters are obtained according to the following steps.
  • the xyz rectangular coordinate system shown in Figure 11 to Figure 13 is used as the reference coordinate system for derivation.
  • the light wave vector of the collimated light beam incident on the inclined grating (hereinafter referred to as the "incident light wave vector") is decomposed on the xz plane, and the incident light wave vector ki is in the x, y and z directions.
  • the components are:
  • n is the refractive index of the light guide plate 20
  • ⁇ is the incident angle of the collimated light beam from the inside of the light guide plate to the light exit surface 22 (or the collimated light beam is transmitted in the light guide plate 20 The incident angle on the light exit surface), ⁇ is the wavelength of the light beam.
  • the diffracted light wave vector k d of the diffraction order R +1 of the beam diffracted by the inclined grating is decomposed in the yz plane, and the incident light wave vector k d in the three directions x, y and z
  • the components are:
  • the grating vector k g of the inclined grating is decomposed in the xy plane.
  • the components of the grating vector k g in the x and y directions are:
  • I the angle between the extending direction of the grating bars of the inclined grating and the y-axis
  • P 2 is the period of the inclined grating (the pitch between the grating bars).
  • the function mechanism of the light extraction grating is: for example, it diffracts and decomposes the incident light into a transmitted positive 1 (diffraction) order T +1 beam and a reflected 0 (diffraction) order R 0 beam.
  • the transmitted positive 1 (diffraction) order T +1 is formed as an emergent light beam perpendicular to the light exit surface 22 of the light guide plate 20, and the reflected 0 (diffraction) order R 0 light beam continues to be transmitted in the light guide plate 20.
  • the light extraction grating is designed according to the following grating equation 7 for example:
  • n is the refractive index of the light guide plate 20
  • n 2 is the refractive index of the medium that the light beam enters from the light guide plate 20 at the light extraction grating (for example, the refractive index of the flattening layer 29)
  • ⁇ is the quasi The incident angle of the straight light beam from the inside of the light guide plate to the light exit surface 22 (or the incident angle of the collimated light beam on the light exit surface when it is transmitted in the light guide plate 20)
  • ⁇ is the light beam exiting the light exit through the light extraction grating
  • the exit angle of the surface 22 (for a light extraction grating that extracts the light beam in a collimated manner, ⁇ is, for example, 0 degrees)
  • m is the diffraction order
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the light beam
  • P 1 is the grating period of the light extraction grating .
  • the grating period of the light extraction grating mainly depends on the wavelength of the light beam, the refractive index of the light guide plate and the collimated light beam from inside the light guide plate The angle of incidence on the light exit surface 22.
  • collimated light beams of multiple wavelengths are used. Therefore, the light extraction grating needs to be designed and calculated separately for collimated light beams of different colors.
  • the arrangement of the light extraction grating is, for example, as shown in FIG.
  • the backlight module according to the embodiment of the present disclosure only needs to be provided with a light extraction device and a deflector structure (for example, realized by a grating layer) on the light exit surface of the light guide plate, therefore, it is effective in realizing collimated light beams of multiple colors.
  • the thickness of the light guide plate may not be significantly increased, thereby facilitating the realization of a light and thin backlight module and a display device.
  • the thickness of the light guide plate 20 is, for example, 0.5 mm or even smaller.
  • the backlight module is for example Designed with collimated beams of colors other than the number of colors.
  • the light source assembly further includes: a fourth collimated light source, including a single or multiple sub-light sources configured to emit collimated light beams of a fourth color; and the plurality of light incident portions further include: a fourth light incident portion, Is configured to receive the collimated light beam of the fourth color, wherein the plurality of light extraction devices in each pixel backlight area further include at least one fourth light extraction device, and the fourth light extraction device is configured to The collimated light beam of the fourth color of the fourth light incident portion is extracted from the light exit surface along a direction perpendicular to the light exit surface.
  • the arrangement of the light extraction device and/or the deflector is also performed accordingly. The specific content will not be repeated.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a display device, including the backlight module 100, 100' and the liquid crystal display assembly 200 as described in any of the above embodiments, and the liquid crystal display assembly 200 is located in the backlight module 100, 100. 'The light exit surface 22 side.
  • the liquid crystal display assembly 200 is used to receive collimated light beams of multiple colors emitted from the multiple pixel backlight regions 23 on the light exit surface 22 of the backlight module 100, 100' to provide backlights for sub-pixels of different colors to achieve Color display.
  • This display device is different from a conventional liquid crystal display device including two polarizing plates and color filters.
  • this display device since the light-shielding portion 204 is provided at the position facing the light extraction grating in the liquid crystal assembly 200, when the light beam collimated from the light extraction grating enters the liquid crystal assembly, if the liquid crystal layer 201 does not change The direction of the light beam, the light beam will be blocked by the light-shielding portion 204 and cannot be emitted from the liquid crystal assembly 200, thereby achieving the dark state of the display (for example, it can be represented by L0).
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 respectively show specific examples of a display device 300 including the above-mentioned backlight module 100 (as shown in FIG. 1) and a display device 300' including the above-mentioned backlight module 100' (as shown in FIG. 9).
  • the first electrode 202 and the second electrode 203 are located on the same side of the liquid crystal layer 201
  • the first electrode 202 and the second electrode 203 are respectively located on the liquid crystal layer. Both sides of layer 201.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 are only schematic.
  • the backlight module 100, 100' may be located on the same side or both sides of the liquid crystal layer 201 as the first electrode 202 and the second electrode 203
  • the liquid crystal assembly 200 is used in combination.
  • an insulating layer 205 is further provided between the first electrode 202 and the second electrode 203, for example.
  • the first electrode 202 and the second electrode 203 are, for example, arranged in a similar ADS (Advanced Super Dimension Switch, Advanced Super Dimension Switch) mode, but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this, and the first electrode 202 and the second electrode 203 are also arranged, for example, In other modes, as long as the light beam entering and passing through the liquid crystal layer 201 can be deflected away from the light-shielding area when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 201.
  • the liquid crystal layer 201 uses, for example, a liquid crystal material with a large difference in refractive index change.
  • the liquid crystal grating is schematically represented by a plurality of semicircles formed by dotted lines in the liquid crystal layer 201 in FIGS. 18 and 19.
  • a transparent substrate 206 (such as cover glass) is further provided on the side of the light shielding portion 204 facing away from the light guide plate 20, for example.
  • the display devices 300, 300' according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may Realize color display.
  • the display device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure can perform color display without a color film and quantum dot materials.
  • the display device according to the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used for transparent display, augmented reality display, virtual reality display, 3D display and other fields, and has certain application prospects.

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Abstract

一种背光模组（100）和显示装置。该背光模组（100）包括：光源组件，配置成发射不同颜色的光束，不同颜色的光束包括第一颜色的光束（31）和第二颜色的光束（32）；导光板（20），包括：多个光入射部（211-213），配置成分别接收不同颜色的光束（31，32），和光出射面（22），其中，光出射面（22）上设置有多个像素背光区（23），每个像素背光区（23）包括多个取光装置，多个取光装置包括至少一个第一取光装置（231）和至少一个第二取光装置（232），第一取光装置（231）配置成引导来自多个光入射部（211-213）的不同颜色的光束中的第一颜色的光束（31）从光出射面（22）出射，第二取光装置（232）配置成引导来自多个光入射部（211-213）的不同颜色的光束中的第二颜色的光束（32）从光出射面（22）出射。

Description

背光模组及显示装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开实施例要求于2019年2月26日递交中国专利局的、申请号为201910144694.9的中国专利申请的权益，该申请的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种背光模组和一种显示装置。
背景技术
液晶显示装置广泛用于电视、手机、笔记本电脑等诸多需要图像显示功能的设备上。目前，在通常的液晶显示设备中，背光模组提供照明光源，从背光模组射出的光通过第一偏振片转化为特定偏振方向的线偏振光，再经过液晶层进行调制之后，依次从第二偏振片和彩色滤光片经过的出射光可以呈现彩色图像。在这种方案中，两个偏振片和彩色滤光片均为必不可少的部件。
发明内容
为至少部分地克服上述相关技术中的缺陷和/或不足，本公开实施例提供一种背光模组及显示装置。
本公开的实施例提供技术方案如下：
本公开的实施例提供了一种背光模组，包括：光源组件，配置成发射不同颜色的光束，所述不同颜色的光束包括第一颜色的光束和第二颜色的光束；导光板，所述导光板包括：多个光入射部，配置成分别接收不同颜色的光束，和光出射面，其中，所述光出射面上设置有多个像素背光区，每个像素背光区包括多个取光装置，所述多个取光装置包括至少一个第一取光装置和至少一个第二取光装置，所述第一取光装置配置成引导来自所述多个光入射部的不同颜色的光束中的第一颜色的光束从所述光出射面出射，所述第二取光装置配置成引导来自所述多个光入射部的不同颜色的光束中的第二颜色的光束从所述光出射面出射。
在一些实施例中，所述光源组件包括：第一光源，配置成发射第一颜色的光束；第二光源，配置成发射第二颜色的光束；和第三光源，配置成发射第三颜色的光束； 且所述多个光入射部包括：第一光入射部，配置成接收所述第一颜色的光束，第二光入射部，配置成接收所述第二颜色的光束，和第三光入射部，配置成接收所述第三颜色的光束，其中，所述多个取光装置还包括至少一个第三取光装置，所述第一取光装置配置成引导来自所述第一光入射部的所述第一颜色的光束沿着与所述光出射面垂直的方向从所述光出射面出射，所述第二取光装置配置成引导来自所述第二光入射部的所述第二颜色的光束沿着与所述光出射面垂直的方向从所述光出射面出射，所述第三取光装置配置成引导来自所述第三光入射部的所述第三颜色的光束沿着与所述光出射面垂直的方向从所述光出射面出射。
在一些实施例中，所述第一颜色的光束在所述光出射面上的入射角大于所述第一颜色的光束从所述导光板内部射向光出射面的全反射临界角且小于90度，所述第二颜色的光束在所述光出射面上的入射角大于所述第二颜色的光束从所述导光板内部射向光出射面的全反射临界角且小于90度，所述第三颜色的光束在所述光出射面上的入射角大于所述第三颜色的光束从所述导光板内部射向光出射面的全反射临界角且小于90度。
在一些实施例中，所述第一光入射部、所述第二光入射部和所述第三光入射部分别位于所述导光板的不同的侧面。
在一些实施例中，所述第一光入射部包括多个第一光入射区，所述光出射面上的多个所述第一取光装置排列成多行，每行所述第一取光装置与所述多个第一光入射区中的一个对齐；所述第二光入射部包括多个第二光入射区，所述光出射面上的多个所述第二取光装置排列成多行，每行所述第二取光装置与所述多个第二光入射区中的一个对齐；且所述第三光入射部包括多个第三光入射区，所述光出射面上的多个所述第三取光装置排列成多列，每列所述第三取光装置与所述多个第三光入射区中的一个对齐。
在一些实施例中，所述第一取光装置与所有的第二光入射区和所有的第三光入射区错开，第一光入射区与第二光入射区在与所述第一颜色的光束垂直的方向上相互错开，所述第二取光装置与所有的第一光入射区和所有的第三光入射区错开，且所述第三取光装置与所有的第一光入射区和所有的第二光入射区错开。
在一些实施例中，所述第一光入射部的相邻的第一光入射区之间由第一遮光部件隔开，所述第二光入射部的相邻的第二光入射区之间由第二遮光部件隔开，所述第三光入射部的相邻的第三光入射区之间由第三遮光部件隔开。
在一些实施例中，所述光出射面还包括入射光偏转区，在所述入射光偏转区中设置有：多个第一偏转器，配置成将来自第一光入射部的所述第一颜色的光束分别朝向多个第一取光装置偏转；多个第二偏转器，配置成将来自第二光入射部的所述第二颜色的光束分别朝向多个第二取光装置偏转；和多个第三偏转器，配置成将来自第三光入射部的所述第三颜色的光束分别朝向多个第三取光装置偏转。
在一些实施例中，在所述入射光偏转区上还设置有遮光层，所述遮光层覆盖所述多个第一偏转器、所述多个第二偏转器和所述多个第三偏转器。
在一些实施例中，每个所述第一偏转器包括第一偏转光栅，每个所述第二偏转器包括第二偏转光栅，且每个所述第三偏转器包括第三偏转光栅。
在一些实施例中，所述第一光入射部、所述第二光入射部和所述第三光入射部并排设置在所述导光板的同一侧，所述第一光入射部包括第一光入射区，多个所述第一偏转光栅排成一行，且该行第一偏转光栅在所述导光板设有第一光入射部的一侧上的正投影与所述第一光入射区至少部分地重叠，所述光出射面上的多个所述第一取光装置排列成多列，第一取光装置的排列方向与第一偏转光栅的排列方向相互垂直，每个所述第一偏转光栅的第一侧面向所述第一光入射区，每个所述第一偏转光栅的与所述第一侧相邻的第二侧面向一列所述第一取光装置；所述第二光入射部包括第二光入射区，多个所述第二偏转光栅排成一行，且该行第二偏转光栅在所述导光板设有第二光入射部的一侧上的正投影与所述第二光入射区至少部分地重叠，所述光出射面上的多个所述第二取光装置排列成多列，第二取光装置的排列方向与第二偏转光栅的排列方向相互垂直，每个所述第二偏转光栅的第一侧面向所述第二光入射区，每个所述第二偏转光栅的与所述第一侧相邻的第二侧面向一列所述第二取光装置；且所述第三光入射部包括第三光入射区，多个所述第三偏转光栅排成一行，且该行第三偏转光栅在所述导光板设有第三光入射部的一侧上的正投影与所述第三光入射区至少部分地重叠，所述光出射面上的多个所述第三取光装置排列成多列，第三取光装置的排列方向与第三偏转光栅的排列方向相互垂直，每个所述第三偏转光栅的第一侧面向所述第三光入射区，每个所述第三偏转光栅的与所述第一侧相邻的第二侧面向一列所述第三取光装置。
在一些实施例中，在垂直于每列所述第一取光装置的排列方向的方向上，所述第一偏转光栅的宽度与所述第一取光装置的宽度相等；在垂直于每列所述第二取光装置的排列方向的方向上，所述第二偏转光栅的宽度与所述第二取光装置的宽度相等；且 在垂直于每列所述第三取光装置的排列方向的方向上，所述第三偏转光栅的宽度与所述第三取光装置的宽度相等。
在一些实施例中，所述第一偏转光栅的光栅条的延伸方向相对于所述第一颜色的光束在所述第一偏转光栅上的入射方向倾斜，所述第二偏转光栅的光栅条的延伸方向相对于所述第二颜色的光束在所述第二偏转光栅上的入射方向倾斜，所述第三偏转光栅的光栅条的延伸方向相对于所述第三颜色的光束在所述第三偏转光栅上的入射方向倾斜。
在一些实施例中，所述第一偏转器配置成在改变第一颜色的光束的偏转方向的同时保持所述第一颜色的光束与光出射面的夹角不变，所述第二偏转器配置成在改变第二颜色的光束的偏转方向的同时保持所述第二颜色的光束与光出射面的夹角不变，且所述第三偏转器配置成在改变第三颜色的光束的偏转方向的同时保持所述第三颜色的光束与光出射面的夹角不变。
在一些实施例中，光源组件所发射不同颜色的光束为准直光束。
在一些实施例中，所述第一取光装置包括第一取光光栅，所述第二取光装置包括第二取光光栅，所述第三取光装置包括第三取光光栅。
在一些实施例中，所述第一取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向垂直于所述第一颜色的光束在所述第一取光光栅上的入射方向，所述第二取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向垂直于所述第二颜色的光束在所述第二取光光栅上的入射方向，所述第三取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向垂直于所述第三颜色的光束在所述第三取光光栅上的入射方向。
在一些实施例中，所述导光板还包括平坦化层，所述平坦化层位于所述光出射面上并覆盖所述第一取光光栅、所述第二取光光栅和所述第三取光光栅，所述平坦化层的折射率低于所述导光板的折射率。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种显示装置，包括：如上任一实施例所述的背光模组；以及位于所述背光模组的光出射面一侧的液晶显示组件。
在一些实施例中，所述液晶显示组件包括：液晶层；位于所述液晶层背对所述背光模组一侧上的多个遮光部，所述多个遮光部在光出射面上的正投影分别覆盖所述像素背光区中的多个取光装置，所述多个遮光部之间形成透光开口；和分别位于液晶层的两侧或位于液晶层的同一侧上的第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和所述第二电极配置成向所述液晶层施加一组电压信号以在液晶层中形成配置成对经过其的光束产生偏折以从所述多个遮光部之间的所述透光开口射出的液晶光栅。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开文本的实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图进行简要说明，应当知道，以下描述的附图仅仅涉及本公开文本的一些实施例，而非对本公开文本的限制，其中：
图1示出根据本公开的一实施例的背光模组的立体示意图；
图2示出如图1所示的背光模组的xz面剖视图；
图3示出如图1所示的背光模组的yz面剖视图；
图4示出如图1所示的背光模组的俯视图；
图5A和图5B示出如图1所示的背光模组的导光板的光入射部；
图6示出根据本公开的一实施例的背光模组的提取不同颜色的准直光束的原理示意图；
图7示出根据本公开的一实施例的背光模组的导光板的取光光栅的光栅矢量方向的示意图；
图8示出根据本公开的另一实施例的背光模组的立体示意图；
图9示出如图8所示的背光模组的yz面剖视图；
图10示出如图8所示的背光模组的俯视图；
图11和图12示出了如图8所示的背光模组的准直取光的原理；
图13示出如图8所示的背光模组中的偏转器的设计示意图；
图14示出如图13中所示的入射光波矢量在xz面内分解的示意图；
图15示出如图13中所示的衍射光波矢量在yz面内分解的示意图；
图16示出如图13中所示的光栅矢量在xy面内分解的示意图；
图17示出根据本公开的实施例的背光模组中的取光光栅的设计示意图；
图18示出根据本公开的一实施例的显示装置的示意图；
图19示出根据本公开的另一实施例的显示装置的示意图；以及
图20示出如图8所示的背光模组的导光板的光入射部。
具体实施方式
为更清楚地阐述本公开的目的、技术方案及优点，以下将结合附图对本公开的实施例进行详细的说明。应当理解，下文对于实施例的描述旨在对本公开的总体构思进 行解释和说明，而不应当理解为是对本公开的限制。在说明书和附图中，相同或相似的附图标记指代相同或相似的部件或构件。为了清晰起见，附图不一定按比例绘制，并且附图中可能省略了一些公知部件和结构。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。措词“一”或“一个”不排除多个。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是例如包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“顶”或“底”等等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。当诸如层、膜、区域或衬底基板之类的元件被称作位于另一元件“上”或“下”时，该元件可以“直接”位于另一元件“上”或“下”，或者可以存在中间元件。
附图中各部件的形状和大小不反映本公开实施例的背光模组及显示装置的各个膜层和部件的真实比例，目的只是示意说明本公开实施例内容。
根据本公开实施例的总体技术构思，本公开实施方式旨在提供一种能够实现彩色化点阵式准直取光的背光模组。如图1至图4所示，在一些实施例中，该背光模组100例如包括光源组件和导光板20。该光源组件例如配置成发射多种不同颜色的光束，例如第一颜色的光束、第二颜色的光束、第三颜色的光束，第一颜色、第二颜色、第三颜色例如是能够通过它们彼此混色来获得白色的不同颜色；通常，所述多种颜色的光束例如更具体地是准直光束，例如包括第一颜色的准直光束31、第二颜色的准直光束32和第三颜色的准直光束33。该导光板20包括多个光入射部(例如第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213，它们例如配置成分别接收来自所述光源组件的不同颜色的光束，诸如第一颜色的准直光束31、第二颜色的准直光束32和第三颜色的准直光束33)和光出射面22。并且，更具体地，所述光源组件例如包括分别配置成发射第一颜色的光束(例如第一颜色的准直光束31)、第二颜色的光束(例如、第二颜色的准直光束32)、第三颜色的光束(例如第三颜色的准直光束33)的单个第一子光源、单个第二子光源、单个第三子光源；换言之，单个第一子光源、单个第二子光源、单个第三子光源在其面对的导光板20侧面上的正投影例如分别与第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213在其面对的导光板20侧面上的正投影至 少部分地重叠。或替代地，包括分别配置成发射第一颜色的光束(例如第一颜色的准直光束31)、第二颜色的光束(例如、第二颜色的准直光束32)、第三颜色的光束(例如第三颜色的准直光束33)的多个第一子光源、多个第二子光源、多个第三子光源，且第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213分别与多个第一子光源、多个第二子光源、多个第三子光源对应；换言之，多个第一子光源、多个第二子光源、多个第三子光源在其面对的导光板20侧面上的正投影例如分别与第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213在其面对的导光板20侧面上的正投影至少部分地重叠，作为示例，完全地重叠(这种情况下“对应”即指代完全对准)。在本申请中，“光入射部”并不特指单独的部件，其例如是导光板20的一部分，配置成用于接收光的入射，诸如用于接收某种光束的表面、区域等。“光入射部”例如包括连续的透光区域，也例如包括间断的透光区域(可称为光入射区)。作为示例，所述多个光入射部配置成分别接收不同颜色的准直光束。所述光出射面22上设置有配置成为所述液晶面板上的多个像素区域分别提供背光的多个像素背光区23。需要说明的是，光源组件所发出的光束和光入射部所接收的光束并不限于准直光束。
在本公开中，“像素背光区”是指光出射面22上的与显示装置的液晶面板上的像素对应的区域。每个像素背光区23对应于一个显示像素(一个显示像素例如包括若干个子像素)。从单个像素背光区23出射的光束将用于照射液晶面板上的单个像素区域(例如可包括若干个子像素区域，如红色子像素区域、绿色子像素区域、蓝色子像素区域)；换言之，此处表述“对应”意思是指，每个像素背光区23在液晶面板上的正投影与相应单个像素区域至少部分地重叠，例如完全地重叠(这种情况下“对应”即指代完全对准)。在至少一个(例如每个)像素背光区23中包括多个取光装置。多个取光装置配置成分别引导来自多个光入射部的不同颜色的准直光束(例如沿着与光出射面22垂直的方向)从光出射面22出射。例如，光源组件所发出的多种颜色的光束例如包括第一颜色的光束(例如由单个或多个第一子光源所发射)和第二颜色的光束(例如由单个或多个第二子光源所发射)，而相应地，多个取光装置包括至少一个第一取光装置和至少一个第二取光装置，所述第一取光装置配置成引导(例如来自至少一个第一光入射部的)第一颜色的光束(例如第一颜色的准直光束31)从所述光出射面22出射，所述第二取光装置配置成引导(例如来自至少一个第二光入射部的)第二颜色的光束(例如、第二颜色的准直光束32)从所述光出射面22出射。作为示例，各个像素背光区23例如排列成矩阵形式。
借助于上述方案，每个像素背光区23例如提供多种颜色的出射光束，以满足彩色显示的要求。这样，例如通过采用分别直接发射不同颜色的单色光束的发光器件来充当配置成发射不同色光的子光源，则在液晶显示装置中可以避免在仅使用单色光源例如白光光源或自然光光源的情况下额外地使用可能导致光能损失的光学部件，诸如彩色滤光片层、分光件、和偏振片等部件。而且，通过光源(包括例如两种或更多种分别发射不同颜色的单色光束的子光源)的排布和在光出射面上设置具有取光装置的像素背光区来实现上述效果，与常规的液晶显示装置中的背光模组相比，根据本公开的实施例的背光模组的厚度并不会显著增加，有利于实现轻薄化的装置。
作为示例，考虑单个像素由三个子像素(例如通常红色(R)子像素、绿色(G)子像素和蓝色(B)子像素；或例如品红色(M)子像素、黄色(Y)子像素和青色(C)子像素，等等)构成，则在一些实施例中，如图1至图4所示，光源组件例如包括充当第一子光源的第一准直光源11、充当第二子光源的第二准直光源12和充当第三子光源的第三准直光源13，它们分别布置在导光板20的不同侧面处以充当侧入式子光源。第一准直光源11配置成发射第一颜色(如红色)的准直光束31。第二准直光源12配置成发射第二颜色(如绿色)的准直光束32。第三准直光源13配置成发射第三颜色(如蓝色)的准直光束33。相应地，所述多个光入射部包括第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213，它们例如如图1至图4所示分别设置于所述第一准直光源11、第二准直光源12和第三准直光源13的朝向导光板20的侧面上。第一光入射部211例如配置成接收来自第一准直光源11的所述第一颜色(如红色)的准直光束31，第二光入射部212例如配置成接收来自第二准直光源12的所述第二颜色(如绿色)的准直光束32。第三光入射部213例如配置成接收来自第三准直光源13的所述第三颜色(如蓝色)的准直光束33。在上述示例中，光源组件包括第一准直光源11、第二准直光源12和第三准直光源13。由于准直光源发出的准直光束的方向性好，有助于防止不同颜色的光束之间的相互干扰，然而，本申请的实施例不限于此，例如，在一些其他的实施例中，第一准直光源11、第二准直光源12和第三准直光源13也例如被其他的光源，例如非准直光源所代替，诸如呈点光源、面光源或线光源等形式。
作为示例，每个像素背光区23中的所述多个取光装置例如包括一个或更多个第一取光装置231、一个或更多个第二取光装置232和一个或更多个第三取光装置233。第一取光装置231配置成引导来自第一光入射部211的第一颜色的准直光束31沿着与 光出射面22垂直的方向从光出射面22出射。第二取光装置232配置成引导来自第二光入射部212的述第二颜色的准直光束32沿着与光出射面22垂直的方向从光出射面22出射。第三取光装置233配置成引导来自第三光入射部213的第三颜色的准直光束33沿着与光出射面22垂直的方向从光出射面22出射。于是，从每个像素背光区23可以射出三种颜色的准直光束，并且这三种颜色的准直光束分别从光出射面22出射之后例如对应于三种颜色的子像素(此处“对应”是指每个像素背光区23中单个取光装置在液晶面板上的正投影与相应单个像素区域中的相应子像素至少部分地重叠，例如完全地重叠(这种情况下“对应”即指代完全对准)，从而使得三种颜色的准直光束出射之后分别点亮三种颜色的子像素；换言之，取光装置与其引导出射的光束(例如准直光束)在下文中称为二者成“匹配”关系)，从而满足彩色显示的需要。作为示例，上述取光装置均例如包括取光光栅，该取光光栅例如根据其所匹配的准直光束的颜色(波长)来设计。例如，第一取光装置231例如是用于提取第一颜色的准直光束31的第一取光光栅；第二取光装置232例如是用于提取第二颜色的准直光束32的第二取光光栅；第三取光装置233例如是用于提取第三颜色的准直光束33的第三取光光栅。在上述实施例中，第一颜色的准直光束31、第二颜色的准直光束32和第三颜色的准直光束33均沿着与光出射面22垂直的方向从光出射面22出射。然而，本申请的实施例不限于此，例如，在一些其他的实施例中，光束也例如以其他方式出射。
作为示例，光出射面22上的多个像素背光区23例如成矩阵形式排列。
在本公开的实施例中，需要从每个像素背光区23中提取多种颜色的准直光束。在这样的背光模组中，准直光束的路径设计将会影响背光模组的光输出的效果。为了防止不同颜色的准直光束的相互干扰，作为示例，例如将第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213分别设置于导光板20的不同的侧面来分别充当侧入式子光源。例如，在图4所示的示例中，接收并且传输第一颜色的准直光束31的第一光入射部211被设置在导光板20的左侧，接收并且传输第二颜色的准直光束32的第二光入射部212被设置在导光板20的右侧，接收并且传输第三颜色的准直光束33的第三光入射部213被设置在导光板20的后侧(位于图4上方)，并且，位于导光板20左侧的第一光入射部211与位于导光板20右侧的第二光入射部212彼此相对设置。作为示例，第一准直光源11、第二准直光源12和第三准直光源13分别布置成面对第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213；换言之，第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213例如如图1至图4所示分别设置于所述第一准 直光源11、第二准直光源12和第三准直光源13的朝向导光板20的侧面上。本申请的实施例中第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213的布置方式不限于上述情形，例如，在一些其他的实施例中，第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213中的两者例如位于同一侧，而另外一者例如位于与之相对的另一侧，只要能够保证从第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213入射的光束之间不相互重合、干扰即可。
作为示例，如图5A所示，第一光入射部211可包括彼此间隔开的多个第一光入射区241。如图4所示，光出射面22上的多个第一取光装置231排列成多行(例如所述多个第一取光装置231的每行沿着第一颜色的准直光束31的传播方向(在图4中是x方向)延伸，且所述多个第一取光装置231的各行在与第一颜色的准直光束31的传播方向垂直的方向(在图4中是y方向)间隔开)，每行第一取光装置231与多个第一光入射区241中的一个对齐(即，该行第一取光装置231在所述导光板的设有第一光入射部211的一侧上的正投影与该第一光入射区241在多个第一光入射区的排列方向上至少部分地重叠，甚至完全重叠)，从而使从该第一光入射区241入射的准直光束能够方便地照射到该行第一取光装置231。第一准直光源11发出的多个第一颜色的准直光束31例如从多个第一光入射区241分别射入导光板20，经过导光板20内部的反射之后被第一取光装置231引导射出光出射面22(例如图4中沿着与x方向和y方向均垂直的方向，即垂直于纸面向外的方向)。相应地，如图5A所示，第二光入射部212可包括彼此间隔开的多个第二光入射区242，且第一光入射部211的所述多个第一光入射区241与第二光入射部212的所述多个第二光入射区242例如在同一方向上彼此交替地错开设置(更具体地例如在图4所示的y方向上交替错开设置)。如图4所示，光出射面22上的多个第二取光装置232也排列成多行(例如所述多个第二取光装置232的每行沿着第二颜色的准直光束32的传播方向(在图4中是x方向)延伸，且所述多个第二取光装置232的各行在与第二颜色的准直光束32的传播方向垂直的方向(在图4中是y方向)间隔开)，每行第二取光装置232与多个第二光入射区242中的一个对齐(即，该行第二取光装置232在所述导光板的设有第二光入射部212的一侧上的正投影与该第二光入射区242在多个第二光入射区的排列方向上至少部分地重叠，甚至完全重叠)。第二准直光源12发出的多个第二颜色的准直光束32例如从多个第二光入射区242分别射入导光板20，经过导光板20内部的反射之后被第二取光装置232引导射出光出射面22(例如图4中沿着与x方向和y方向均垂直的方向， 即垂直于纸面向外的方向)。如图5B所示，第三光入射部213包括彼此间隔开的多个第三光入射区243。类似地，光出射面22上的多个第三取光装置233例如排列成多列(例如多个第三光入射区243的每列沿着第三颜色的准直光束33的传播方向(在图4中是y方向)延伸，且所述多个第三取光装置233的各列在与第三颜色的准直光束33的传播方向垂直的方向(在图4中是x方向)间隔开)，每列第三取光装置233与多个第三光入射区243中的一个对齐(即，该列第三取光装置233在所述导光板的设有第三光入射部213的一侧上的正投影与该第三光入射区243在多个第三光入射区的排列方向上至少部分地重叠，甚至完全重叠)。第三准直光源13发出的多个第三颜色的准直光束33例如从多个第三光入射区243分别射入导光板20，经过导光板20内部的反射之后被第三取光装置233引导射出光出射面22(例如图4中沿着与y方向和x方向均垂直的方向，即垂直于纸面向外的方向)。依此类推，不再赘述。作为示例，第一取光装置231和第二取光装置232的行延伸方向(即图4中的x方向)例如与第三取光装置233的列延伸方向(即图4中的y方向)可以相互垂直。
将光入射区布置成与对应的各行或各列取光装置对齐，例如使从光入射区射入的准直光束被相应的取光装置正确地提取。而为了防止不同准直光束之间的相互干扰，还例如将设计用于某一种颜色的准直光束的光入射区和取光装置与用于其他颜色的准直光束的光入射区和取光装置在位置上错开。作为示例，除了如上所述将设计用于某一种颜色的准直光束的取光装置与用于其他颜色的准直光束的取光装置在位置上错开，另外，还例如将设计用于某一种颜色的准直光束的取光装置与用于其他颜色的准直光束的光入射区在位置上错开，具体地，例如如图1和图4所示，各个第一取光装置231均与所有的第二光入射区242和所有的第三光入射区243错开(即，各个第一取光装置231在导光板20的设有第二光入射部212的一侧上的正投影与各个第二光入射区242在多个第二光入射区的排列方向上均不重叠且各个第一取光装置231在导光板20的设有第三光入射部213的一侧上的正投影与所有的第三光入射区243在多个第三光入射区的排列方向上均不重叠)；各个第二取光装置232均与所有的第一光入射区241和所有的第三光入射区243错开(即，各个第二取光装置232在导光板20的设有第一光入射部211的一侧上的正投影与各个第一光入射区241在多个第一光入射区的排列方向上均不重叠且各个第二取光装置232在导光板20的设有第三光入射部213的一侧上的正投影与所有的第三光入射区243在多个第三光入射区的排列方向上均不重叠)，且各个第三取光装置233均与所有的第一光入射区241和所有的第二光入射区242错 开(即，各个第三取光装置233在导光板20的设有第一光入射部211的一侧上的正投影与各个第一光入射区241在多个第一光入射区的排列方向上均不重叠且各个第三取光装置233在导光板20的设有第二光入射部212的一侧上的正投影与所有的第二光入射区242在多个第二光入射区的排列方向上均不重叠)。
从图6可以清楚的看出，第一颜色的准直光束31、第二颜色的准直光束32和第三颜色的准直光束33分别从三个方向进入导光板，并分别朝向其所匹配的第一取光装置231、第二取光装置232和第三取光装置233行进。这便于实现从每个像素背光区23中提取多种颜色的准直光束的同时防止某些颜色的准直光束照射到与其不匹配的取光装置上。由于取光装置的参数设计是针对于光束的波长进行的，因此，如果例如第一颜色的准直光束31照射到第二取光装置232或第三取光装置233，有可能会对取光装置的正常取光操作造成干扰。根据本公开的实施例的上述光入射区和取光装置的排布设计可以削弱或避免非期望颜色(或称为非期望波长)的非匹配准直光束对于取光装置针对匹配的准直光束的正常取光操作的影响。
在一些实施例中，如图5A和图5B所示，相邻的光入射区之间例如由遮光部件隔开，或者说，相邻的光入射区之间的空间由遮光部件所填充。例如，第一光入射部211的相邻的第一光入射区241之间例如由第一遮光部件251隔开，第二光入射部212的相邻的第二光入射区242之间例如由第二遮光部件252隔开，第三光入射部213的相邻的第三光入射区243之间例如由第三遮光部件253隔开。作为示例，第一遮光部件251、第二遮光部件252和第三遮光部件253例如由黑矩阵遮光层形成，也例如由任何其它已知的遮光材料形成。图5A示出了第一光入射部211上的第一光入射区241和第一遮光部件251以及第二光入射部212上的第二光入射区242和第二遮光部件252。为了体现第一光入射区241和第一遮光部件251与第二光入射区242和第二遮光部件252之间的位置关系，在图5A上并列地绘出了第一光入射部211和第二光入射部212。从图5A可以看出，第一光入射区241和第二光入射区242在位置上是相互错开的。图5B示出的是第三光入射部213上的第三光入射区243和第三遮光部件253。
图7示出了关于背光模组100中的第一取光装置231、第二取光装置232和第三取光装置233的示例。在该示例中，第一取光装置231、第二取光装置232和第三取光装置233分别由第一取光光栅、第二取光光栅和第三取光光栅构成。第一取光光栅、第二取光光栅和第三取光光栅的光栅矢量分别由Kr、Kg和Kb表示。光栅矢量的方向是与光栅条的延伸方向垂直的。图7中的第一取光装置231、第二取光装置232和第 三取光装置233中的条纹延伸方向指示了光栅条延伸的方向。在图7的示例中，第一取光装置231的光栅条的延伸方向与第一颜色的准直光束31所在平面是垂直的，第二取光装置232的光栅条的延伸方向与第二颜色的准直光束32所在平面是垂直的，第三取光装置233的光栅条的延伸方向与第三颜色的准直光束33所在平面是垂直的。
图8至图10示出了根据本公开的另一实施例的背光模组100’。其中图9是沿着图10中所示的剖切线C-C’得到的背光模组100’的剖视图。在该背光模组100’中，第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213例如设置在导光板20的同一侧上，从而使得分别来自光源并且经由它们出射的光束彼此平行。与前述实施例所述的背光模组100不同，在如图8至图10所述的该背光模组100’中，光出射面22除去包括多个像素背光区23之外，还包括入射光偏转区26。如前所述，多个像素背光区23例如形成显示区27，用于提取不同颜色的准直光束以满足彩色图像显示的需要。而该入射光偏转区26的作用是将分别从第一光入射部211、第二光入射部212和第三光入射部213射入的第一颜色的准直光束31、第二颜色的准直光束32和第三颜色的准直光束33向分别位于多个像素背光区23中的取光装置偏转(所述取光装置包括：配置成引导来自第一光入射部211的第一颜色的准直光束31沿着与光出射面22垂直的方向从光出射面22出射的多个第一取光装置231、配置成引导来自第二光入射部212的第二颜色的准直光束32沿着与光出射面22垂直的方向从光出射面22出射的多个第二取光装置232、配置成引导来自第三光入射部213的第三颜色的准直光束33沿着与光出射面22垂直的方向从光出射面22出射的多个第三取光装置233)。
作为示例，该入射光偏转区26包括：多个第一偏转器(例如第一偏转光栅261)、多个第二偏转器(例如第二偏转光栅262)和多个第三偏转器(例如第三偏转光栅263)。所述多个第一偏转器配置成将来自第一光入射部211的所述第一颜色的准直光束31分别朝向多个第一取光装置231偏转。多个第二偏转器配置成将来自第二光入射部212的所述第二颜色的准直光束32分别朝向多个第二取光装置232偏转。多个第三偏转器配置成将来自第三光入射部213的所述第三颜色的准直光束33分别朝向多个第三取光装置233偏转。借助于这些偏转器，便于将进入导光板20的各种颜色的准直光束进行重新引导，这便于简化各个光入射部以及与各个光入射部对应的准直光源的布置。
作为示例，第一偏转器例如包括第一偏转光栅261，所述第二偏转器例如包括第二偏转光栅262，且所述第三偏转器例如包括第三偏转光栅263。第一偏转光栅261、第二偏转光栅262和第三偏转光栅263都例如是倾斜光栅。以下以倾斜光栅为例对于 第一偏转光栅261、第二偏转光栅262和第三偏转光栅263进行介绍，但本公开的实施例不限于此。这里所述的“倾斜光栅”，是指该光栅中的光栅条的延伸方向与入射的准直光束入射到该光栅上的方向不垂直(或称该光栅中的光栅条的延伸方向相对于准直光束在该光栅上的入射方向是倾斜的)。这可以从图12中形象地看出。在图12中示意性地示出了从光入射部入射的准直光束(例如第一颜色的准直光束31)与充当偏转器的倾斜光栅(例如第一偏转光栅261)、及充当取光装置的取光光栅(例如第一取光光栅271)各自的方向的关系。在图12中，第一颜色的准直光束31在导光板20中的总体行进方向是从左向右，第一偏转光栅261的斜条纹表示第一偏转光栅261的光栅条264的延伸方向，可见第一偏转光栅261的光栅条264的延伸方向与第一颜色的准直光束31的总体行进方向不垂直。再考虑第一颜色的准直光束31在第一偏转光栅261上的入射方向相对于竖直方向也是倾斜的，第一偏转光栅261的光栅条264的延伸方向与第一颜色的准直光束31入射到该光栅上的方向也是不垂直的。作为示例，所述第一取光光栅271的光栅条264的延伸方向垂直于所述第一颜色的准直光束31在所述第一取光光栅271上的入射方向。图12中的第一取光光栅271的横条纹表示第一取光光栅271的光栅条的延伸方向。相应地，所述第二取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向也例如垂直于所述第二颜色的准直光束32在所述第二取光光栅上的入射方向，所述第三取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向也例如垂直于所述第三颜色的准直光束33在所述第三取光光栅上的入射方向。
在采用偏转器的上述背光模块100’中，作为示例，如图20所示，第一光入射部211例如包括第一光入射区241，所述第二光入射部212包括第二光入射区242，所述第三光入射部213包括第三光入射区243。需要说明的是，第一光入射区241、第二光入射区242和第三光入射区243并不需要必定在机械上具有缺口形状，而只需要该部分能够允许相应匹配的准直光束贯穿该处入射到导光板20中即可。作为示例，第一光入射区241、第二光入射区242和第三光入射区243之间例如由遮光部件隔开以防止准直光束的相互干扰，但这不是必需的，第一光入射区241、第二光入射区242和第三光入射区243之间也例如不设置遮光部件，而例如仅仅设置成彼此错开。第一偏转光栅261、第二偏转光栅262和第三偏转光栅263在各自匹配的准直光束的光路上分别位于第一光入射区241和第一取光装置231之间、第二光入射区242和第二取光装置232之间以及第三光入射区243和第三取光装置233之间。如图10所示，所述第一光入射部211、所述第二光入射部212和所述第三光入射部213并排设置在所述导光 板20的同一侧。在图10所示的示例中，多个第一偏转光栅261排成一行，且该行第一偏转光栅261在所述导光板20设有第一光入射部211的一侧上的正投影与所述第一光入射区241至少部分地重叠，甚至完全重叠；类似地，多个第二偏转光栅262也例如排成一行，且该行第二偏转光栅262在所述导光板20设有第二光入射部212的一侧上的正投影与所述第二光入射区242至少部分地重叠，甚至完全重叠；而多个第三偏转光栅263也例如排成一行，且该行第三偏转光栅263在所述导光板20设有第三光入射部213的一侧上的正投影与所述第三光入射区243至少部分地重叠，甚至完全重叠。作为示例，光出射面22上的多个第一取光装置231排列成多列(例如沿着第一颜色的准直光束31被第一偏转光栅261偏转后的传播方向(在图10中是y方向)排列)，第一取光装置的排列方向(在图10中是y方向)与第一偏转光栅的排列方向(在图10中是x方向)相互垂直，每个第一偏转光栅261的第一侧281面向第一光入射区241，每个第一偏转光栅261的与第一侧281相邻的第二侧284面向一列第一取光装置231；光出射面22上的多个第二取光装置231排列成多列(例如沿着第二颜色的准直光束32被第二偏转光栅262偏转后的传播方向(在图10中是y方向)排列)，第二取光装置的排列方向与第二偏转光栅的排列方向也例如相互垂直，每个第二偏转光栅262的第一侧282面向第二光入射区242，每个第二偏转光栅262的与第一侧282相邻的第二侧285面向一列第二取光装置231；而且，光出射面22上的多个第三取光装置233排列成多列，与前述类似(例如沿着第三颜色的准直光束33被第三偏转光栅263偏转后的传播方向(在图10中是y方向)排列)，第三取光装置的排列方向也例如与第三偏转光栅的排列方向相互垂直，每个第三偏转光栅263的第一侧283面向第三光入射区243，每个第三偏转光栅263的与第一侧283相邻的第二侧286面向一列第三取光装置233。
在一些实施例中，各个偏转光栅的宽度例如设置成与相应的取光装置的宽度相等，以保证偏转光栅在尺寸上更好地与取光装置匹配，而提高取光装置的取光效率。例如，如图10所示，在垂直于每列第一取光装置231的排列方向(y方向)的方向上，第一偏转光栅261的宽度与第一取光装置231的宽度相等；在垂直于每列第二取光装置232的排列方向的方向上，第二偏转光栅262的宽度A2与第二取光装置232的宽度相等；且在垂直于每列第三取光装置233的排列方向的方向上，第三偏转光栅263的宽度与第三取光装置233的宽度相等。另外，作为示例，在平行于每行第一取光装置231的排列方向的方向上，第一偏转光栅261的宽度、第二偏转光栅262的宽度(如图10中 A1所示)和第三偏转光栅263的宽度各自例如设置成小于一定的各自阈值，以使第一偏转光栅261、第二偏转光栅262和第三偏转光栅263相互不交叠(换言之，更具体地，第一偏转光栅261、第二偏转光栅262和第三偏转光栅263各自在所述导光板20的并排设置有所述第一光入射部211、所述第二光入射部212和所述第三光入射部213的一侧上的正投影相互不重叠)。
作为示例，第一偏转器例如配置成在改变第一颜色的准直光束31的偏转方向的同时保持第一颜色的准直光束31与光出射面22的夹角不变，例如，在图11所示的示例中，在由第一偏转器偏转前第一颜色的准直光束31与光出射面22的夹角θ1与在偏转后第一颜色的准直光束31与光出射面22的夹角θ2相等。如果在由第一偏转器偏转前所述第一颜色的准直光束31是在一个与导光板的顶表面垂直的竖直平面中被往复反射，则经过第一偏转器偏转后，所述第一颜色的准直光束31传播所在的平面也被围绕与导光板的顶表面垂直的一竖直轴线偏转。这种方式有利于方便地控制第一颜色的准直光束31的行进方向以防止不同的准直光束之间的串扰。相应地，作为示例，所述第二偏转器也例如配置成在改变第二颜色的准直光束32的偏转方向的同时保持所述第二颜色的准直光束32与光出射面22的夹角不变，而所述第三偏转器也例如配置成在改变第三颜色的准直光束33的偏转方向的同时保持所述第三颜色的准直光束33与光出射面22的夹角不变。
在一些实施例中，导光板20还例如包括平坦化层29。平坦化层29例如位于光出射面22上并覆盖第一取光装置(光栅)231、第二取光装置(光栅)232和第三取光装置(光栅)233。作为示例，平坦化层29的折射率可以低于导光板20，从而有利于实现各个准直光束在导光板20中的全反射。
作为示例，在入射光偏转区26上还例如设置有遮光层28。遮光层28覆盖多个第一偏转器231、多个第二偏转器232和多个第三偏转器233。遮光层28例如例如由反射材料或黑色吸光材料制成，用于防止入射光偏转区26沿着与光出射面22的出光方向平行的方向的漏光。
作为示例，为了使各个准直光束能够在导光板20中顺利的传播，各个准直光束例如设置成倾斜入射到导光板中。例如，第一准直光源11和第一光入射部211例如配置成协同工作以将第一颜色的准直光束31传输入第一光入射部211后以第一入射角度α1倾斜入射到光出射面22；第二准直光源12和第二光入射部212配置成协同工作以将第二颜色的准直光束32传输入第二光入射部212后以第二入射角度α2倾斜入射到 光出射面22；第三准直光源13和第三光入射部213配置成协同工作以将第三颜色的准直光束33传输入第三光入射部213后以第三入射角度α3倾斜入射到光出射面22。
作为示例，为了保证光束在导光板中以全反射传播，所述第一颜色的准直光束31在光出射面22上的入射角(第一入射角度α1)大于等于所述第一颜色的准直光束31从导光板内部射向光出射面22的全反射临界角且小于90度；所述第二颜色的准直光束32在光出射面22上的入射角(第二入射角度α2)大于等于所述第二颜色的准直光束32从所述导光板内部射向光出射面22的全反射临界角且小于90度；而所述第三颜色的准直光束33在光出射面22上的入射角(第三入射角度α3)大于等于所述第三颜色的准直光束33从导光板内部射向光出射面22的全反射临界角且小于90度。本领域技术人员应当理解，入射角大于等于全反射临界角是产生全反射的必要条件，而全反射临界角由光束入射的界面两侧的介质(例如，导光板介质和空气或者导光板介质和覆盖层)的折射率决定。由于介质的折射率可能依赖于入射光的波长，因此，对于不同颜色的光束，全反射临界角可能不同。全反射临界角的具体计算为本领域所熟知，再次不在赘述。
在本公开的一些实施例中，如图10所示，第一准直光源11可包括一个或更多个第一发光部件111和第一反射罩112，第二准直光源12可包括一个或更多个第二发光部件121和第二反射罩122，第三准直光源13可包括一个或更多个第三发光部件131和第三反射罩132。第一发光部件111可配置成发射第一颜色的光，第一反射罩112例如配置成对第一发光部件111发射出的第一颜色的光进行准直以形成第一颜色的准直光束31。第二发光部件121可配置成发射第二颜色的光，第二反射罩122例如配置成对第二发光部件121发射出的第二颜色的光进行准直以形成第二颜色的准直光束32。第三发光部件131例如配置成发射第三颜色的光，第三反射罩132例如配置成对第三发光部件131发射出的第三颜色的光进行准直以形成第三颜色的准直光束33。作为示例，上述第一发光部件111、第二发光部件121和第三发光部件131均例如包括现有技术中的任何发光部件，诸如发光二极管(LED)等。作为示例，例如采用三种单色的发光二极管分别用作第一发光部件111、第二发光部件121和第三发光部件131，具有尺寸小、光谱宽度窄等优势。用作发光部件的发光二极管例如是微型发光二极管(micro-LED)，也例如是微型有机发光二极管(micro-OLED)。而第一反射罩112、第二反射罩122和第三反射罩132例如例如是曲面反射准直器(如具有抛物面等形状)，但第一反射罩112、第二反射罩122和第三反射罩132的形状和结构不限于此，任何 本领域已知的反射式准直装置均可以用作这些反射罩。如前所述，在一些实施例中，期望各个准直光束例如设置成倾斜入射到导光板20中，这例如通过调整与各个准直光束分别对应的反射罩的角度以改变准直光束的出射方向来实现。在本公开的实施例中，第一反射罩112、第二反射罩122和第三反射罩132的形状例如相同，也替代地例如不同。
下面以倾斜光栅为例对设置在光出射面中的入射光偏转区中的偏转器的具体设计示例进行介绍。在本公开的实施例中，倾斜光栅的作用机理是：其有效衍射级次为反射衍射级1级R+1光束，保持原光束传播方向的衍射级次为透射衍射0级R0光束。通过设计倾斜光栅的结构(主要是光栅周期和光栅条的旋转方向)，便于使R+1级光束向导光板20的上侧(参照图12中的图示方向定义，即沿着y轴方向)传输，同时要保证R+1级光束在导光板内部与光出射面22的夹角同入射到倾斜光栅上的准直光束(未经倾斜光栅衍射之前)与光出射面22的夹角相比保持不变(即图11中θ1＝θ2)。此处R+1级光线在导光板内的传输路径即为一列取光光栅的所在区域(如图11所示，例如R+1级光线在导光板内朝向该列取光光栅传播，且例如具备与该列取光光栅沿x方向的尺寸实质上相同或更小的光束宽度以经由该列取光光栅从光出射面22出射)(即从图12的俯视角度观察，R+1级光束相比于被倾斜光栅衍射之前的准直光束传输方向发生90度偏转，但与光出射面22的夹角保持不变)。图12中R0级光束即为仍然保持原传输方向的衍射级光线。如图12所示，当R0级光束再次经过另一倾斜光栅时，会再次产生反射衍射级负1级R+1光束(此部分光线同样按照前一个倾斜光栅所产生的R+1级光束那样朝向相应一列取光光栅例如第二列取光光栅偏转)和反射0级R0光束(继续保持原有的传播方向和与光出射面22的夹角用于经过下一倾斜光栅再次分光产生R+1以朝向下一列取光光栅例如第三列取光光栅偏转以供下一列取光光栅进行光束提取)。
图13示出上述倾斜光栅的设计示意图。倾斜光栅要实现上述技术效果，有两个关键的参数转角
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000001
(光栅条264的延伸方向与y轴的夹角)，周期P2(光栅条264之间的节距)，两个关键参数的获得按照如下步骤求解。为了计算方便起见，下面以图11至图13所示出的xyz直角坐标系为参考坐标系进行推导。
如图14所示，先将入射到倾斜光栅上的准直光束的光波矢量(下称“入射光波矢量”)在xz面进行分解，入射光波矢量ki在x、y和z三个方向上的分量分别是：
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000002
在式(1)中，n是导光板20的折射率，θ是准直光束从导光板内部入射到光出射面22上的入射角度(或者说是准直光束在导光板20内传输时在光出射面上的入射角度)，λ是光束的波长。
然后，如图15所示，将被倾斜光栅衍射的光束的衍射级R +1的衍射光波矢量k d在yz面中进行分解，入射光波矢量k d在x、y和z三个方向上的分量分别是：
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000003
再如图16所示在xy面中对倾斜光栅的光栅矢量k g进行分解，光栅矢量k g在x和y两个方向上的分量分别是：
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000005
其中，
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000006
为倾斜光栅的光栅条的延伸方向与y轴的夹角，P 2为倾斜光栅的周期(光栅条之间的节距)。
定义各种光波矢量的匹配关系如下：
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000008
根据上述式1至式4，可以求出
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000009
和P 2的值，即
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000011
在上述示例性的倾斜光栅的计算过程中，假定被倾斜光栅衍射后转向的光束(例如上述的反射衍射级1级R+1光束)的方向相对原方向偏转90度，而本公开的实施例不限于此。因而，根据本公开的偏转器中的光栅的具体结构参数不限于上述式5和式6列出的具体数值。其他任何能够实现将准直光束向取光装置偏转的光栅结构都可用于本公开的实施例。
下面以取光光栅为例对于取光装置的具体设计示例进行介绍。如图17所示，取光光栅的作用机理为：其例如将入射光衍射分解为透射正1(衍射)级T +1光束和反射0(衍射)级R 0光束。该透射正1(衍射)级T +1形成为垂直于导光板20的光出射面22的出射光束，该反射0(衍射)级R 0光束继续在导光板20中传输。当该反射0(衍射)级R 0光束再次入射到另一取光光栅时，会被再次衍射分解成新的透射正1(衍射)级T +1光束和反射0(衍射)级R 0光束。依此类推，不再赘述。在本公开的实施例中，取光光栅例如根据以下光栅方程式7进行设计：
Figure PCTCN2019125201-appb-000012
在式1中，n是导光板20的折射率，n 2是光束在取光光栅处从导光板20所射入的介质的折射率(例如上述平坦化层29的折射率)，θ是准直光束从导光板内部入射到光出射面22上的入射角度(或者说是准直光束在导光板20内传输时在光出射面上的入射角度)，β是光束通过取光光栅离开光出射面22的出射角度(对于以准直方式提取光束的取光光栅而言，β例如看成0度)，m是衍射级次，λ是光束的波长，P 1是该取光光栅的光栅周期。从式(1)中可以看出，对于以准直方式提取光束的取光光栅而言，取光光栅的光栅周期主要依赖于光束的波长、导光板的折射率和准直光束从导光板内部入射到光出射面22上的入射角度。在本公开的实施例中，采用了多种波长的准直光束，因此，取光光栅需要针对于不同颜色的准直光束分别进行设计计算。取光光栅的布置方式例如如图12所示，即取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向垂直于入射至该取光光栅上的准直光束所在的法向面，作为示例，取光光栅的光栅条例如平行于光出射 面22设置并与入射的准直光束垂直。
而光栅的占空比及光栅条的深度例如作为光栅衍射效率的优化设计参数，可依据具体的背光效率及背光均匀度优化设计。
在本公开的实施例中，采用光栅结构的取光装置和偏转器便于简化结构和制作工艺，只需要在导光板的光出射面22上形成一层光栅就可以实现上述功能。在实际中，只需要在导光板上压印一层简单光栅结构，工艺上实现简单，便于实现产品落地化，产业化。但在本公开的实施例中，取光装置和偏转器不限于光栅结构。根据本公开的实施例的背光模组由于只需要在导光板的光出射面上设置取光装置和偏转器的结构(例如由光栅层实现)，因此，在实现多种颜色的准直光束的提取的同时可以不显著增加导光板的厚度，从而有利于实现轻薄化的背光模组和显示装置。作为示例，导光板20的厚度例如做到0.5mm，甚至更小。
需要说明的是，由于单个像素不仅例如由三种颜色的子像素构成，还替代地例如由其它数量的子像素构成，例如，由四种颜色的子像素(红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)、白(W)；或红(R)、绿(G)、蓝(B)、黄(Y))构成，因此，在一些实施例中，背光模组例如针对于除三种之外的其他数量的颜色的准直光束来设计。例如，所述光源组件还包括：第四准直光源，包括配置成发射第四颜色的准直光束的单个或多个子光源；且所述多个光入射部还包括：第四光入射部，配置成接收所述第四颜色的准直光束，其中，每个像素背光区中的所述多个取光装置还包括至少一个第四取光装置，所述第四取光装置配置成将来自所述第四光入射部的所述第四颜色的准直光束沿着与所述光出射面垂直的方向从所述光出射面提取出。类似地，在对应于四种颜色的子像素进行设计时，也例如相应地进行取光装置和/或偏转器的布置。具体内容不再赘述。
本公开的实施例还提供了一种显示装置，包括如上述任一实施例所述的背光模组100、100’和液晶显示组件200，该液晶显示组件200位于所述背光模组100、100’的光出射面22一侧。液晶显示组件200用于接收从背光模组100、100’的光出射面22上的多个像素背光区23发出的多种颜色的准直光束，以为不同颜色的子像素提供背光，用于实现彩色显示。
作为示例，所述液晶显示组件200例如包括：液晶层201；分别位于液晶层的两侧或位于液晶层201的同一侧上的第一电极202和第二电极203；和位于所述液晶层201背对所述背光模组100、100’一侧上的多个遮光部204，所述多个遮光部204在光 出射面22上的正投影分别覆盖所述像素背光区23中的多个取光装置。所述多个遮光部204之间形成透光开口207。所述遮光部204例如采用黑矩阵材料制成。
这种显示装置与包括两个偏振片和彩色滤光片的传统的液晶显示装置不同。在该显示装置中，由于在液晶组件200中面对取光光栅的位置处设置有遮光部204，因此，当从取光光栅准直出射的光束射入液晶组件后，如果液晶层201不改变光束的方向，则该光束将被遮光部204遮挡而无法从液晶组件200射出从而实现了显示的暗态(例如可用L0表示)。另一方面，还例如通过由第一电极202和第二电极203给液晶层201施加一组电压信号而在液晶层201中形成液晶光栅，该液晶光栅可以对经过其的光束产生偏折而使其从遮光部之间的透光开口射出，从而形成显示的亮态(例如可用L255表示)。另外，还例如对于该液晶光栅的参数进行设计，给液晶加不同的电压信号，可实现液晶光栅对入射光的不同的偏折效率，实现多灰阶(例如可用L1至L254表示(假定灰阶总数为256))显示。
图18和图19分别示出了包括上述背光模块100(如图1所示)的显示装置300和包括上述背光模块100’(如图9所示)的显示装置300’的具体示例。其中，在图18所示的示例中，第一电极202和第二电极203位于液晶层201的同一侧，而在图19所示的示例中，第一电极202和第二电极203分别位于液晶层201的两侧。然而，图18和图19仅仅是示意性的，本公开的任何实施例所述的背光模块100、100’都可以与第一电极202和第二电极203位于液晶层201的同一侧或两侧的液晶组件200组合使用。在第一电极202和第二电极203位于液晶层201的同一侧的情况下，第一电极202和第二电极203之间还例如设置有绝缘层205。第一电极202和第二电极203例如设置成类似ADS(Advanced Super Dimension Switch，高级超维场转换)模式，但本公开的实施例不限于此，第一电极202和第二电极203也例如设置成其他模式，只要能够在对液晶层201施加电压时将进入穿过液晶层201的光束偏折离开遮光部区域即可。作为示例，为了提高液晶层的光学效率，液晶层201例如采用折射率变化幅度差较大的液晶材料。液晶光栅由图18和图19中的液晶层201中的虚线形成的多个半圆示意性地表示。
作为示例，为了对液晶组件200的各种层结构进行保护，在遮光部204的背对导光板20的一侧上还例如设置有透明的基板206(例如盖板玻璃)。
由于根据本公开的实施例的背光模板100、100’例如是每个像素提供多种颜色的准直光束来分别照射子像素区域，所以，根据本公开的实施例的显示装置300、300’ 可以实现彩色显示。根据本公开的实施例的显示装置可以在无需彩膜和量子点材料的情况下进行彩色显示。根据本公开的实施例的显示装置可以用于透明显示、增强现实显示、虚拟现实显示、3维显示等领域都有一定的应用前景。
虽然结合附图对本公开进行了说明，但是附图中公开的实施例旨在对本公开的实施例进行示例性说明，而不能理解为对本公开的一种限制。附图中的尺寸比例仅仅是示意性的，并不能理解为对本公开的限制。
上述实施例仅例示性的说明了本公开的原理及构造，而非用于限制本公开，本领域的技术人员应明白，在不偏离本公开的总体构思的情况下，对本公开所作的任何改变和改进都在本公开的范围内。本公开的保护范围，应如本申请的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种背光模组，包括：
    光源组件，配置成发射不同颜色的光束，所述不同颜色的光束包括第一颜色的光束和第二颜色的光束；
    导光板，所述导光板包括：
    多个光入射部，配置成分别接收不同颜色的光束，和
    光出射面，
    其中，所述光出射面上设置有多个像素背光区，每个像素背光区包括多个取光装置，所述多个取光装置包括至少一个第一取光装置和至少一个第二取光装置，所述第一取光装置配置成引导来自所述多个光入射部的不同颜色的光束中的第一颜色的光束从所述光出射面出射，所述第二取光装置配置成引导来自所述多个光入射部的不同颜色的光束中的第二颜色的光束从所述光出射面出射。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的背光模组，其中，
    所述光源组件包括：
    第一光源，配置成发射第一颜色的光束；
    第二光源，配置成发射第二颜色的光束；和
    第三光源，配置成发射第三颜色的光束，且
    所述多个光入射部包括：
    第一光入射部，配置成接收所述第一颜色的光束，
    第二光入射部，配置成接收所述第二颜色的光束，和
    第三光入射部，配置成接收所述第三颜色的光束，
    其中，所述多个取光装置还包括至少一个第三取光装置，所述第一取光装置配置成引导来自所述第一光入射部的所述第一颜色的光束沿着与所述光出射面垂直的方向从所述光出射面出射，所述第二取光装置配置成引导来自所述第二光入射部的所述第二颜色的光束沿着与所述光出射面垂直的方向从所述光出射面出射，所述第三取光装置配置成引导来自所述第三光入射部的所述第三颜色的光束沿着与所述光出射面垂直的方向从所述光出射面出射。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一颜色的光束在所述光出射面上的入射角大于所述第一颜色的光束从所述导光板内部射向光出射面的全反射临界 角且小于90度，所述第二颜色的光束在所述光出射面上的入射角大于所述第二颜色的光束从所述导光板内部射向光出射面的全反射临界角且小于90度，所述第三颜色的光束在所述光出射面上的入射角大于所述第三颜色的光束从所述导光板内部射向光出射面的全反射临界角且小于90度。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一光入射部、所述第二光入射部和所述第三光入射部分别位于所述导光板的不同的侧面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的背光模组，其中，
    所述第一光入射部包括多个第一光入射区，所述光出射面上的多个所述第一取光装置排列成多行，每行所述第一取光装置与所述多个第一光入射区中的一个对齐；
    所述第二光入射部包括多个第二光入射区，所述光出射面上的多个所述第二取光装置排列成多行，每行所述第二取光装置与所述多个第二光入射区中的一个对齐；且
    所述第三光入射部包括多个第三光入射区，所述光出射面上的多个所述第三取光装置排列成多列，每列所述第三取光装置与所述多个第三光入射区中的一个对齐。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一取光装置与所有的第二光入射区和所有的第三光入射区错开，第一光入射区与第二光入射区在与所述第一颜色的光束垂直的方向上相互错开，所述第二取光装置与所有的第一光入射区和所有的第三光入射区错开，且所述第三取光装置与所有的第一光入射区和所有的第二光入射区错开。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一光入射部的相邻的第一光入射区之间由第一遮光部件隔开，所述第二光入射部的相邻的第二光入射区之间由第二遮光部件隔开，所述第三光入射部的相邻的第三光入射区之间由第三遮光部件隔开。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的背光模组，其中，所述光出射面还包括入射光偏转区，在所述入射光偏转区中设置有：
    多个第一偏转器，配置成将来自第一光入射部的所述第一颜色的光束分别朝向多个第一取光装置偏转；
    多个第二偏转器，配置成将来自第二光入射部的所述第二颜色的光束分别朝向多个第二取光装置偏转；和
    多个第三偏转器，配置成将来自第三光入射部的所述第三颜色的光束分别朝向多个第三取光装置偏转。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的背光模组，其中，在所述入射光偏转区上还设置有遮 光层，所述遮光层覆盖所述多个第一偏转器、所述多个第二偏转器和所述多个第三偏转器。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的背光模组，其中，每个所述第一偏转器包括第一偏转光栅，每个所述第二偏转器包括第二偏转光栅，且每个所述第三偏转器包括第三偏转光栅。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一光入射部、所述第二光入射部和所述第三光入射部并排设置在所述导光板的同一侧，所述第一光入射部包括第一光入射区，多个所述第一偏转光栅排成一行，且该行第一偏转光栅在所述导光板设有第一光入射部的一侧上的正投影与所述第一光入射区至少部分地重叠，所述光出射面上的多个所述第一取光装置排列成多列，第一取光装置的排列方向与第一偏转光栅的排列方向相互垂直，每个所述第一偏转光栅的第一侧面向所述第一光入射区，每个所述第一偏转光栅的与所述第一侧相邻的第二侧面向一列所述第一取光装置；
    所述第二光入射部包括第二光入射区，多个所述第二偏转光栅排成一行，且该行第二偏转光栅在所述导光板设有第二光入射部的一侧上的正投影与所述第二光入射区至少部分地重叠，所述光出射面上的多个所述第二取光装置排列成多列，第二取光装置的排列方向与第二偏转光栅的排列方向相互垂直，每个所述第二偏转光栅的第一侧面向所述第二光入射区，每个所述第二偏转光栅的与所述第一侧相邻的第二侧面向一列所述第二取光装置；且
    所述第三光入射部包括第三光入射区，多个所述第三偏转光栅排成一行，且该行第三偏转光栅在所述导光板设有第三光入射部的一侧上的正投影与所述第三光入射区至少部分地重叠，所述光出射面上的多个所述第三取光装置排列成多列，第三取光装置的排列方向与第三偏转光栅的排列方向相互垂直，每个所述第三偏转光栅的第一侧面向所述第三光入射区，每个所述第三偏转光栅的与所述第一侧相邻的第二侧面向一列所述第三取光装置。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的背光模组，其中，在垂直于每列所述第一取光装置的排列方向的方向上，所述第一偏转光栅的宽度与所述第一取光装置的宽度相等；在垂直于每列所述第二取光装置的排列方向的方向上，所述第二偏转光栅的宽度与所述第二取光装置的宽度相等；且在垂直于每列所述第三取光装置的排列方向的方向上，所述第三偏转光栅的宽度与所述第三取光装置的宽度相等。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一偏转光栅的光栅条的延 伸方向相对于所述第一颜色的光束在所述第一偏转光栅上的入射方向倾斜，所述第二偏转光栅的光栅条的延伸方向相对于所述第二颜色的光束在所述第二偏转光栅上的入射方向倾斜，所述第三偏转光栅的光栅条的延伸方向相对于所述第三颜色的光束在所述第三偏转光栅上的入射方向倾斜。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一偏转器配置成在改变第一颜色的光束的偏转方向的同时保持所述第一颜色的光束与光出射面的夹角不变，所述第二偏转器配置成在改变第二颜色的光束的偏转方向的同时保持所述第二颜色的光束与光出射面的夹角不变，且所述第三偏转器配置成在改变第三颜色的光束的偏转方向的同时保持所述第三颜色的光束与光出射面的夹角不变。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的背光模组，其中，光源组件所发射不同颜色的光束为准直光束。
  16. 根据权利要求2至14中任一项所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一取光装置包括第一取光光栅，所述第二取光装置包括第二取光光栅，所述第三取光装置包括第三取光光栅。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的背光模组，其中，所述第一取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向垂直于所述第一颜色的光束在所述第一取光光栅上的入射方向，所述第二取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向垂直于所述第二颜色的光束在所述第二取光光栅上的入射方向，所述第三取光光栅的光栅条的延伸方向垂直于所述第三颜色的光束在所述第三取光光栅上的入射方向。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的背光模组，其中，所述导光板还包括平坦化层，所述平坦化层位于所述光出射面上并覆盖所述第一取光光栅、所述第二取光光栅和所述第三取光光栅，所述平坦化层的折射率低于所述导光板的折射率。
  19. 一种显示装置，包括：
    根据权利要求1至18中任一项所述的背光模组；以及
    位于所述背光模组的光出射面一侧的液晶显示组件。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的显示装置，其中，所述液晶显示组件包括：
    液晶层；
    位于所述液晶层背对所述背光模组一侧上的多个遮光部，所述多个遮光部在光出射面上的正投影分别覆盖所述像素背光区中的多个取光装置，所述多个遮光部之间形成透光开口；和
    分别位于液晶层的两侧或位于液晶层的同一侧上的第一电极和第二电极，所述第一电极和所述第二电极配置成向所述液晶层施加一组电压信号以在液晶层中形成配置成对经过其的光束产生偏折以从所述多个遮光部之间的所述透光开口射出的液晶光栅。
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