WO2020173114A1 - Procédé et dispositif de simulation de flux d'huile de schiste - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de simulation de flux d'huile de schiste Download PDF

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WO2020173114A1
WO2020173114A1 PCT/CN2019/114056 CN2019114056W WO2020173114A1 WO 2020173114 A1 WO2020173114 A1 WO 2020173114A1 CN 2019114056 W CN2019114056 W CN 2019114056W WO 2020173114 A1 WO2020173114 A1 WO 2020173114A1
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shale
amount
unit volume
crude oil
desorbable
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PCT/CN2019/114056
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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王文东
李萌
苏玉亮
李亚军
宫厚健
徐纪龙
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中国石油大学(华东)
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Publication of WO2020173114A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020173114A1/fr

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas field development engineering, in particular to a method and device for simulating shale oil flow.
  • Shale oil refers to the oil that is enriched in the organic-rich black shale formation. It exists in free, adsorbed and dissolved forms. Generally, the oil is lighter and has lower viscosity. It is mainly stored in nano-scale pore throats and fracture systems. Among them, the microcracks are distributed along the lamellar bedding plane or parallel to it.
  • the main characteristics of shale oil are: rich in organic matter, there is adsorption and desorption phenomenon in the mining process; pore types are complex (including organic pores, inorganic pores, and micro-cracks); fluid occurrence forms are diverse (including free state, adsorbed state, and dissolved state) )and many more.
  • shale reservoirs are rich in organic matter and have a large number of micro-nano pores, capillary forces exist in the process of oil and gas two-phase flow, which makes shale oil have many kinds of fluid transport such as desorption, diffusion, Darcy flow and non-Darcy flow. It is impossible to describe the flow mechanism of shale oil by using existing numerical simulation methods.
  • the present invention is proposed to provide a method and device for simulating the flow of shale oil that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.
  • the method and device describe the organic matter in shale through chemical reaction equations.
  • the process of adsorption and desorption with oil and the conversion process of dissolved gas in micro-nano pores are then numerically simulated based on reservoir numerical simulation software.
  • a method for simulating shale oil flow which includes the following steps:
  • the organic carbon content per unit volume of shale determines the maximum amount of crude oil adsorbed in unit volume of shale;
  • the pressure condition during the reaction of the chemical reaction equation the maximum amount of adsorbed crude oil substance in the unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable crude oil substance in the unit volume of shale, the unit volume
  • the amount of desorbable gas substances in the shale, the amount of non-desorbable crude oil substances in the unit volume of shale, the modified porosity, the reaction order and the reaction rate, based on the reservoir numerical simulation software establish a description page A model of the seepage characteristics of crude oil in the rock.
  • the above chemical reaction equation includes:
  • Reaction 5 Dissolved gas ⁇ Dispersed gas
  • Reaction 6 Dispersed gas ⁇ continuous gas.
  • No is the maximum amount of crude oil adsorbed per unit volume of shale
  • TOC is the organic carbon content of unit volume of shale
  • K 1 is a constant
  • Mo is the molecular weight of crude oil
  • ⁇ r is the density of shale.
  • the amount of desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable gas material per unit volume of shale, and the amount of non-desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale Obtained by the following formula:
  • N ko TOC ⁇ K 2 (P 0 -P)C o
  • N kg TOC ⁇ K 2 (P 0 -P)C g
  • N k1 N 0 -N ko -N kg
  • N ko is the amount of desorbable crude oil substance in unit volume of shale
  • N kg is the amount of desorbable gas substance in unit volume of shale
  • N k1 is the amount of non-desorbable crude oil substance in unit volume of shale
  • P 0 is the initial reservoir pressure
  • P is the reservoir pressure at the end of production
  • C o is the amount of oil in the initial state
  • C g is the amount of gas in the initial state.
  • the modified porosity of the shale is obtained by the following formula:
  • ⁇ 1 is the modified porosity of shale
  • ⁇ 0 is the original porosity of shale
  • ⁇ ko is the molar density of the desorbable kerogen and oil combination
  • ⁇ kg is the mole of the desorbable kerogen and gas combination Density
  • ⁇ k1 is the molar density of non-desorbable kerogen and crude oil combination.
  • reaction rate is obtained by the following formula:
  • r is the reaction rate
  • r k is the reaction rate constant
  • e k is the reaction order
  • C ko is the molar concentration of the desorbable kerogen and oil conjugate
  • C kg is the desorbable kerogen and gas conjugate Molarity.
  • a device for simulating the flow of shale oil includes:
  • the first determination module is used to determine the maximum amount of adsorbed crude oil substance in the unit volume of shale according to the organic carbon content of the unit volume of shale, the density of the shale and the molecular weight of crude oil;
  • the second determination module is used to determine the amount of desorbable crude oil material in the unit volume of shale and the amount of crude oil material in the unit volume of shale according to the maximum amount of adsorbed crude oil material in the unit volume of shale, the dissolved gas-oil ratio, and the reservoir pressure.
  • the third determining module is used to determine the amount of desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable gas material per unit volume of shale, and the amount of non-desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale To determine the modified porosity of shale;
  • the fourth determination module is used to describe the reaction order of the chemical reaction equation describing the characteristics of crude oil percolation in shale, the original porosity of the shale, the amount of desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of the shale, and the unit The amount of desorbable gas in the volumetric shale determines the reaction rate corresponding to the chemical reaction equation;
  • the establishment module is used for the chemical reaction equation, the pressure condition during the reaction of the chemical reaction equation, the maximum amount of adsorbed crude oil substance in the unit volume of shale, and the amount of desorbable crude oil substance in the unit volume of shale , The amount of desorbable gas substances in the unit volume of shale, the amount of non-desorbable crude oil substances in the unit volume of shale, the modified porosity, the reaction order and the reaction rate, based on reservoir numerical simulation Software to establish a model describing the characteristics of crude oil seepage in shale.
  • the numerical simulation method and device describe the flow characteristics of different occurrence states of shale oil in the oil field production process by establishing a reaction model, including the percolation of free crude oil, and the adsorption and desorption behaviors of adsorbed and miscible crude oil in organic matter , The influence of capillary force on the occurrence of dissolved gas, etc., combined with indoor physical simulation experiments, determine the chemical reaction equation, reaction rate, and reaction order parameters (calibrate each parameter), and finally use the reservoir numerical simulation method to establish considerations Numerical simulation model of the complex flow mechanism of shale oil, so as to simulate the flow characteristics of unconventional shale oil.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for simulating shale oil flow provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for simulating shale oil flow provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for simulating shale oil flow.
  • the numerical simulation method includes the following steps:
  • Step 101 According to the organic carbon content of the shale per unit volume, the density of the shale and the molecular weight of the crude oil, determine the maximum amount of adsorbed crude oil substance in the shale per unit volume;
  • Step 102 Determine the amount of desorbable crude oil, desorbable gas and non-desorbable crude oil in unit volume of shale according to the amount of maximum adsorbed crude oil substance per unit volume of shale, dissolved gas-oil ratio and reservoir pressure The amount;
  • Step 103 Determine the corrected shale porosity according to the amount of desorbable crude oil material in the volume of shale, the amount of desorbable gas material per unit volume of shale, and the amount of non-desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale;
  • Step 104 According to the pre-established reaction order of the chemical reaction equation describing the characteristics of crude oil percolation in shale, the original porosity of the shale, the amount of desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale and the desorbable gas per unit volume of shale The amount of substance determines the reaction rate corresponding to the chemical reaction equation;
  • Step 105 According to the chemical reaction equation, the pressure conditions during the reaction of the chemical reaction equation, the amount of the largest adsorbed crude oil substance per unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable crude oil substance per unit volume of shale, and the amount of degassable substance per unit volume of shale Based on the reservoir numerical simulation software, a model describing the characteristics of crude oil in shale is established based on the volume, the amount of non-desorbable crude oil substances in unit volume of shale, the modified porosity of shale, reaction order and reaction rate.
  • the numerical simulation method provided by the embodiment of the present invention describes the flow characteristics of shale oil in different occurrence states during the production process by establishing a reaction model, including the percolation of free crude oil, and the adsorption and desorption behaviors of adsorbed and miscible crude oil in organic matter.
  • a reaction model including the percolation of free crude oil, and the adsorption and desorption behaviors of adsorbed and miscible crude oil in organic matter.
  • the influence of capillary force on the occurrence of dissolved gas, etc. combined with indoor physical simulation experiments, determine the chemical reaction equation, reaction rate, and reaction order parameters (calibrate each parameter), and finally establish a consideration page with the help of reservoir numerical simulation methods Numerical simulation model of rock oil complex flow mechanism, so as to realize the simulation of unconventional shale oil flow characteristics.
  • step 105 the chemical reaction equation describing the characteristics of shale oil percolation and the pressure condition when the chemical reaction equation reacts are predetermined.
  • Reaction 4 Kerogen+dissolved gas ⁇ kerogen ⁇ dissolved gas.
  • reaction 1 When there is only oil in the reservoir, as the pressure decreases, reaction 1 begins; on the contrary, as the pressure increases, reaction 2 begins; when the reservoir contains oil and dissolved gas, as the pressure decreases, reaction 1 and reaction 3 begin On the contrary, as the pressure increases, reaction 2 and reaction 4 start to proceed.
  • the ratio of the amount of kerogen to the substance adsorbing crude oil does not affect the total adsorption amount and reaction rate, and can be simplified to 1:1.
  • the pressure conditions when the specific reaction occurs can be determined by the actual situation to be simulated.
  • the capillary force of shale micro-nano pores also has a greater impact on the occurrence of dissolved gas during the two-phase flow of crude oil.
  • the pressure drops to the saturation pressure, the gas cannot immediately form a continuous phase due to the capillary force, but exists in the micro-nano pores in a dispersed state, forming a flooding process similar to foam oil.
  • the pressure continues to decrease to the apparent saturation pressure , The gas forms a continuous phase, the gas-oil ratio increases, and the output decreases. Therefore, the following chemical reactions are defined:
  • Reaction 5 Dissolved gas ⁇ Dispersed gas
  • Reaction 6 Dispersed gas ⁇ continuous gas.
  • the saturation pressure can be calculated by the flash equation, can also be determined by experimental methods, or can be obtained directly by looking up the table; the apparent saturation pressure can be calculated by the experimental method correction formula, or can be determined by the experimental method.
  • step 101 determine the maximum amount of crude oil material adsorbed per unit volume of shale.
  • TOC value organic carbon content
  • TOC value organic carbon content
  • organic carbon content is an important parameter to determine the content of kerogen in shale
  • TOC value can be used to determine the maximum adsorption per unit volume of shale The amount of crude material.
  • the amount of adsorbed crude oil is higher (this part of crude oil is desorbed into the pores as the reservoir pressure decreases, thereby slowing down the decrease in reservoir pressure and increasing reservoir production. Conducive to the maintenance of production).
  • the existing research results show that under isothermal conditions, with the increase of reservoir pressure, the ability of shale to adsorb crude oil gradually increases, and there is a good linear positive correlation between the adsorbed crude oil content and the organic carbon content.
  • Type I kerogen (sapropel type), mainly containing lipid compounds, more linear alkanes, less polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups, with high hydrogen and low oxygen content, great oil-generating potential;
  • Type II kerogen The hydrogen content is higher, but slightly lower than type I kerogen.
  • polycyclic carbon skeleton containing more medium-length linear alkanes and cycloalkanes, and also contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroatom functional groups, which are derived from marine floating Biological and microbial, medium oil-generating potential;
  • Type III kerogen humic type
  • with low hydrogen and high oxygen content mainly containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing functional groups, few saturated hydrocarbons, derived from higher terrestrial plants, Oil generation is unfavorable, but when buried deep enough, it can become a favorable source of oil and gas.
  • kerogen component can be calculated by the following equation molecular weight M k (basic physical parameters), and the maximum adsorption unit volume of shale oil material in an amount N o:
  • Mo is the molecular weight of crude oil
  • K c is the mass fraction of carbon in kerogen
  • ⁇ r is the density of shale
  • TOC is the organic carbon content per unit volume of shale
  • K 1 is a constant.
  • M o is the molecular weight of crude oil. For example, it can be calculated by assuming that kerogen and oil or gas are adsorbed at a ratio of 1:1.
  • the TOC value can be directly determined through experiments or obtained through relevant historical data; its range is usually between 0 and 10%.
  • K c can be obtained by methods such as combustion experiment, chromatographic analysis, etc., and can also be obtained by searching data, which can be determined according to the actual situation of the study area. K c is distributed from 0.1 to 0.9.
  • step 102 Determine the amount of desorbable source oil substance in unit volume of shale and desorbable gas substance in unit volume of shale according to the amount of maximum adsorbed crude oil substance in unit volume of shale, dissolved gas-oil ratio, and reservoir pressure And the amount of non-desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale.
  • N k K 2 p+C
  • N k is the actual amount of adsorbed crude oil material per unit volume of shale
  • p is the reservoir pressure
  • K 2 and C are constants, which can be determined experimentally according to actual conditions or directly determined according to the type of kerogen.
  • the amount of desorbable crude oil material and the amount of desorbable gas material from kerogen can be calculated, that is, the reduction During the compression mining process, the amount of kerogen and oil combination and kerogen and gas combination that participate in the reaction in the unit volume of shale.
  • the formula is as follows:
  • N ko TOC ⁇ K 2 (P 0 -P)C o
  • N kg TOC ⁇ K 2 (P 0 -P)C g
  • N k1 N 0 -N ko -N kg
  • N ko is the amount of desorbable crude oil substance in unit volume of shale
  • N kg is the amount of desorbable gas substance in unit volume of shale
  • N k1 is the amount of non-desorbable crude oil substance in unit volume of shale
  • P 0 is the initial reservoir pressure
  • P is the reservoir pressure at the end of production
  • C o is the amount of oil in the initial state
  • C g is the amount of gas in the initial state.
  • P 0 and P can be measured according to actual production conditions, C o and C g can be directly calculated according to the known dissolved gas-oil ratio; K 2 can be obtained from the above-mentioned relationship curve between adsorption capacity and pressure.
  • step 103 Determine the corrected porosity of the shale according to the amount of desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable gas material per unit volume of shale, and the amount of non-desorbable crude oil material per unit volume of shale.
  • ⁇ 1 is the modified porosity
  • ⁇ 0 is the original porosity
  • ⁇ ko is the molar density of the desorbable kerogen and oil combination
  • ⁇ kg is the molar density of the desorbable kerogen and gas combination
  • ⁇ k1 It is the molar density of the non-desorbable kerogen and crude oil combination.
  • the density is known
  • the molecular weight M k of kerogen has been calculated and given above
  • the molecular weight of oil and gas is known
  • the molecular weight of the desorbable kerogen and oil combination the molecular weight of kerogen + the molecular weight of oil, which can be desorbed
  • the molecular weight of the kerogen and gas combination the molecular weight of kerogen + the molecular weight of gas
  • the molecular weight of the non-desorbable kerogen and crude oil combination the molecular weight of kerogen + the average molecular weight of crude oil.
  • step 104 the reaction order and reaction rate corresponding to the chemical reaction equation are determined.
  • the reaction rate can be obtained by the following formula:
  • r is the reaction rate
  • r k is the reaction rate constant
  • e k is the reaction order
  • C ko is the molar concentration of the desorbable kerogen and oil combination
  • C kg is the desorbable kerogen and gas combination Molarity.
  • r k and e k can be determined by decompression and desorption experiments, and C ko and C kg can be calculated by N ko , N kg and the original porosity ⁇ 0 .
  • step 105 according to the above-mentioned chemical reaction equation and its pressure conditions, the maximum amount of adsorbed crude oil substance per unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable oil substance per unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable gas substance per unit volume of shale, the unit The amount of non-desorbable crude oil substances in volumetric shale, modified porosity, reaction order and reaction rate, establish a numerical simulation model based on reservoir numerical simulation software.
  • the reservoir numerical simulation software is a software for simulating the dynamics of the reservoir in the reservoir, and the software used in the embodiment of the present invention may be CMG reservoir numerical simulation software.
  • the determined reaction equation, reaction conditions, reaction rate, reaction order, amount of reactant material, modified porosity and other numerical simulation parameters and basic physical property parameters are substituted into the reservoir numerical simulation software to establish a description Numerical simulation model of shale oil characteristics, and then carry out the numerical simulation of shale oil development.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for simulating the flow of shale oil. As shown in FIG. 2, the device includes:
  • the first determination module 201 is used to determine the maximum amount of crude oil material adsorbed in the unit volume of shale according to the organic carbon content of the unit volume of shale, the density of the shale and the molecular weight of the crude oil;
  • the second determination module 202 is used to determine the amount of desorbable crude oil in the unit volume of shale and the amount of crude oil in the unit volume of shale according to the amount of the maximum adsorbed crude oil substance in the unit volume of shale, the dissolved gas-oil ratio, and the reservoir pressure.
  • the third determination module 203 is used to determine the amount of desorbable crude oil material in the unit volume of shale, the amount of desorbable gas material in the unit volume of shale, and the amount of non-desorbable crude oil material in the unit volume of shale. To determine the corrected porosity of shale;
  • the fourth determination module 204 is used to describe the reaction order of the chemical reaction equation that describes the characteristics of crude oil percolation in shale, the original porosity of the shale, the amount of desorbable crude oil substances in the unit volume of shale, and the The amount of desorbable gas substances in the unit volume of shale determines the reaction rate corresponding to the chemical reaction equation;
  • the establishment module 205 is configured to react according to the chemical reaction equation, the pressure condition during the reaction of the chemical reaction equation, the maximum amount of crude oil material adsorbed in the unit volume of shale, and the amount of desorbable crude oil material in the unit volume of shale
  • the amount, the amount of desorbable gas substances in the unit volume of shale, the amount of non-desorbable crude oil substances in the unit volume of shale, the modified porosity, the reaction order, and the reaction rate are based on reservoir values Simulation software to establish a model describing the characteristics of crude oil seepage in shale.
  • the device for simulating the flow of shale oil provided by the above-mentioned embodiment only uses the division of the above-mentioned functional modules for illustration when simulating the flow of shale oil.
  • the above-mentioned functions can be allocated by Different functional modules are completed, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
  • the device for simulating the flow of shale oil provided by the above-mentioned embodiment belongs to the same concept as the embodiment of the method for simulating the flow of shale oil. For the specific implementation process, please refer to the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de simulation de flux d'huile de schiste. Des caractéristiques d'écoulement d'huile de schiste ayant différents états d'occurrence dans un procédé de production d'un champ pétrolifère sont décrites par l'établissement d'un modèle de réaction ; le suintement de pétrole brut à l'état libre, des comportements d'adsorption et de désorption de pétrole brut à l'état miscible adsorbé dans des matières organiques et l'influence de la force capillaire sur l'état d'occurrence de gaz dissous sont compris ; et en combinant des expériences de simulation physique en intérieur, des paramètres tels qu'une équation de réaction chimique, la vitesse de réaction et l'ordre de réaction sont déterminés, et enfin, un modèle de simulation numérique prenant en compte un mécanisme de flux complexe d'huile de schiste est établi au moyen d'un procédé de simulation numérique de réservoir d'huile, de telle sorte que la simulation des caractéristiques de suintement d'huile de schiste non conventionnelle est mise en œuvre.
PCT/CN2019/114056 2019-02-25 2019-10-29 Procédé et dispositif de simulation de flux d'huile de schiste WO2020173114A1 (fr)

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WO2017062531A2 (fr) * 2015-10-09 2017-04-13 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Simulation de réservoir au moyen d'un solveur multi-échelle dégonflé adaptatif
CN107818188A (zh) * 2016-09-14 2018-03-20 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种针对流体加热油页岩原位开采的模拟预测方法
CN106501145A (zh) * 2016-09-18 2017-03-15 中国石油大学(北京) 页岩气藏数值模拟器输入参数的校正方法及装置
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CN109854236A (zh) * 2019-02-25 2019-06-07 中国石油大学(华东) 一种用于页岩油流动的数值模拟方法及装置

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CN117269452A (zh) * 2023-08-18 2023-12-22 中国地质大学（北京） 致密砂岩储层中氦气游溶比的确定方法、装置及终端
CN117269452B (zh) * 2023-08-18 2024-02-27 中国地质大学（北京） 致密砂岩储层中氦气游溶比的确定方法、装置及终端

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