WO2020169260A1 - Procédé de fabrication générative d'une pièce tridimensionnelle à partir d'un matériau liquide - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication générative d'une pièce tridimensionnelle à partir d'un matériau liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020169260A1
WO2020169260A1 PCT/EP2020/050556 EP2020050556W WO2020169260A1 WO 2020169260 A1 WO2020169260 A1 WO 2020169260A1 EP 2020050556 W EP2020050556 W EP 2020050556W WO 2020169260 A1 WO2020169260 A1 WO 2020169260A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
piston
piezo actuator
maximum
pressure pulse
liquid material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2020/050556
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Eberhard Maier
Benjamin Schweizer
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2020169260A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020169260A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/08—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
    • B05B1/083—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators the pulsating mechanism comprising movable parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/22—Direct deposition of molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/53—Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
    • B22F12/57—Metering means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/112—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using individual droplets, e.g. from jetting heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the generative production of a three-dimensional workpiece from a liquid, in particular liquefied, material according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Additive manufacturing processes include, in particular, 3D printing, in which liquid or solid materials are built up in layers to form a three-dimensional workpiece.
  • 3D printing in which liquid or solid materials are built up in layers to form a three-dimensional workpiece.
  • a method for 3D printing is proposed in particular, although only liquid or
  • the laid-open specification DE 10 2015 206 813 A1 shows, by way of example, a method for applying a fluid to a workpiece carrier in order to produce a workpiece, in which the fluid is fed into a reservoir with a
  • Outlet device for dispensing the fluid is introduced and then the volume of the reservoir is reduced in such a way that a pressure wave is generated in the fluid present, by means of which the fluid is at least partially dispensed from the reservoir and applied to the workpiece carrier.
  • a piston is moved which acts on a membrane which limits the volume formed in the reservoir.
  • the movement of the piston is effected electromagnetically with the aid of a coil of a magnetic actuator.
  • the laid-open specification DE 10 2016 224 047 A1 also discloses a method for operating a print head of a 3D printer, in which the working stroke of a piston for the drop-shaped discharge of molten metal is generated by activating a piezoelectric actuator. Such an actuator reacts very quickly to an electrical control with a
  • a piezo actuator Due to the high forces, a piezo actuator has the advantage over a magnetic actuator that very dynamic piston movements with high
  • Piston speeds can be generated. However, this can lead to undesirable vibrations, in particular to post-oscillation of the fluid, in the fluid that is to be excited by the piston movements. In this case, there is a risk that several successive pressure surges are generated over the duration of a single charging period of the piezo actuator, each of which leads to the formation of a drop, which is emitted - largely in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the present invention is based on the object of providing a method for the generative production of a three-dimensional workpiece from a liquid or
  • a piston is moved with the aid of a piezo actuator and a pressure pulse is generated via the movement of the piston, which is used to discharge the liquid material in the form of drops or ligaments via a nozzle bore is being used.
  • a charged piezo actuator is used to generate a pressure pulse
  • piston Since the piston is moved with the aid of a piezo actuator, high forces and very dynamic piston movements can be generated. For example, accelerations of the piston over 2000 g can be achieved. This means that even small piston movements or strokes are sufficient to generate pressure waves or pressure surges in the liquid material, with the aid of which the liquid material can be discharged in the form of drops.
  • Power electronics can be used, which also proves to be an advantage with regard to a high drop frequency.
  • Piezo actuator inversely charged. This means that - starting from a charged state - the piezo actuator is first discharged and then charged again in order to generate a pressure wave. The discharge of the piezo actuator leads to a reverse piston movement, in which the piston initially retracts. As a result, a negative pressure area is created, into which the liquid material flows. However, before gas bubbles that form in the negative pressure area collapse and trigger a so-called water hammer, the piston extends again. The water hammer thus falls in the phase of pressure build-up and can be used to intensify a pressure surge that generates drops become. Furthermore, it is ensured that only one pressure surge and thus only a single drop are generated.
  • the piston is pretensioned in the direction of the piezo actuator by means of the spring force of a spring.
  • the preload of the piston ensures that the piston retracts when the piezo actuator is discharged or follows the movement of the contracting piezo actuator.
  • the stroke of the piston can be increased in that the piston does not assume position A when it extends, but position C, which is closer to the nozzle bore through which the drop is discharged.
  • Resetting the piston in the third step also has the advantage that liquid material which remains outside the nozzle bore after a drop has been detached is drawn back into the nozzle bore. In this way, optimal hydraulic conditions can be created for increasing the drop frequency. For example, the drop frequency can be increased to 500 Hz and above.
  • an electrical charge is preferably used which is a maximum of 500 pC, preferably a maximum of 400 pC, further preferably approximately 300 pC. This means that the electrical charge is comparatively low. This is because methods are known from the prior art which use electrical charges of around 700 pC. Since, in the proposed method, the piezo actuator is charged even when the piston is in the rest position, that is to say in its starting position (position A), the low electrical charge has a positive effect.
  • the piston preferably retracts as quickly as possible from the starting position (position A) in the first step.
  • This can be achieved in that only a low voltage or no voltage is applied to the piezo actuator.
  • a negative voltage can also be applied.
  • the aim should be a very dynamic retraction movement of the piston in order to promote the creation of a negative pressure area.
  • a small piston stroke is effective, so that the piston can be extended again before the gas bubbles created in the negative pressure area collapse.
  • the piston should also move as dynamically as possible in order to achieve a high pressure surge via the piston speed. In this way, the piston is pushed at high speed into the gas bubbles created in the negative pressure area, so that a high pressure build-up can be achieved over a comparatively small piston stroke. Due to the increased dynamics, the
  • Drop speed can be increased, which is advantageous in the path control. If, in the second step, the piston is not returned to its starting position at the same time, this can be done in a third step, the piston again being moved only a little.
  • the piston is preferably moved a maximum of 50 pm, preferably a maximum of 25 pm, further preferably a maximum of 1 pm when it is withdrawn and / or extended.
  • the small piston movements or strokes allow the use of less powerful power electronics. Furthermore, unwanted vibrations that arise after a piston movement are reduced.
  • Drop size is adjusted.
  • the droplet size can be increased by pulling the piston back beyond position B in the first step.
  • the piston can extend beyond position C in the second step.
  • the first step is to withdraw the piston to a position that is still before position B, so that it does not reach position B.
  • the piston can only extend or be extended to position A in the second step.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a device for carrying out the method according to the invention
  • the device shown in FIG. 1 is used for the generative production of a three-dimensional workpiece from a liquid, in particular liquefied material.
  • the device is in particular for performing the
  • the device shown comprises a piston 2 received in a housing 10 such that it can move back and forth and delimits a compression space 4.
  • the compression space 4 is coated with a liquid material, e.g. B. with an aluminum melt, filled or fillable.
  • the compression chamber 4 is for this purpose via a radial gap 5 between the piston 2 and a
  • Piston guide 6 connected to a reservoir 7 for the liquid material.
  • the reservoir 7 is filled with the melt via a filler neck 9.
  • a nozzle 12 with a nozzle bore 3 through which the liquid material can be discharged in the form of individual drops 8 is attached to the housing 10.
  • a pressure pulse is generated in the compression chamber 4 which leads to a drop being ejected.
  • the pressure pulse is in turn brought about by a highly dynamic movement of the piston 2 in the direction of the nozzle bore 3.
  • a piezo actuator 1 is provided, which is operatively connected to the piston 2 via a piston rod 11. If the piezo actuator 1 is electrically charged, it elongates and the piston 2 extends so that it dips deeper into the compression chamber 4. This leads to the formation of a
  • the actual piston stroke for generating the pressure pulse is preceded by a retraction of the piston 2.
  • the piezo actuator 1 is first discharged and then charged again.
  • the piston 2 is in its starting position at the beginning of a charging period, specifically in position A.
  • the piezo actuator 1 is discharged in a first step, so that the piston 2 retracts from position A into position B. This is shown in FIG. 2b. This creates a negative pressure area in the compression chamber 4, into which the liquid material flows.
  • a second step which is shown in FIG. 2c, the piezo actuator 1 is charged again so that the piston 2 assumes its starting position or position A again.
  • a pressure pulse is generated, which leads to the discharge of part of the liquid material via the nozzle bore 3 in the form of a single droplet 8.
  • FIG. 4 the courses of the charge curve (FIG. 4a), the piston stroke (FIG. 4b) and the pressure in the compression chamber 4 (FIG. 4c) during a charge period are shown by way of example.
  • the charged piezo actuator 1 is initially discharged in a first step, so that the piston 2 retracts from position A (FIG. 3 a) into position B (FIG. 3 b).
  • the piezo actuator 1 is then reloaded so that the piston 2 extends again, initially being returned to position A (Fig. 3c), but does not remain there, but continues to extend to position C (Fig . 3d), so that a particularly high pressure pulse is generated.
  • the piezo actuator 1 is discharged to such an extent that the piezo actuator 1 contracts to its initial length and the piston 2 contracts again

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication générative d'une pièce tridimensionnelle à partir d'un matériau liquide, en particulier d'un matériau liquéfié, selon lequel un piston (2) est déplacé à l'aide d'un actionneur piézoélectrique (1) et par le biais du déplacement du piston (2) est générée une impulsion de pression qui est utilisée pour décharger sous forme de gouttes ou de ligaments le matériau liquide via un trou de buse (3). Selon la présente invention, pour la génération d'une impulsion de pression, un actionneur piézoélectrique (1) chargé - est déchargé dans une première étape intégralement ou partiellement de sorte que le piston (2) se retire d'une position (A) et prend une position (B) qui est plus éloignée du trou de buse (3), et - est de nouveau chargé dans une seconde étape de sorte que le piston (2) quitte la position (B) et prend de nouveau la position (A) ou une position (C) qui est située plus proche du trou de buse (3) que la position (A).
PCT/EP2020/050556 2019-02-19 2020-01-10 Procédé de fabrication générative d'une pièce tridimensionnelle à partir d'un matériau liquide WO2020169260A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019202184.0A DE102019202184A1 (de) 2019-02-19 2019-02-19 Verfahren zur generativen Fertigung eines dreidimensionalen Werkstücks aus einem flüssigen Werkstoff
DE102019202184.0 2019-02-19

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020169260A1 true WO2020169260A1 (fr) 2020-08-27

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PCT/EP2020/050556 WO2020169260A1 (fr) 2019-02-19 2020-01-10 Procédé de fabrication générative d'une pièce tridimensionnelle à partir d'un matériau liquide

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DE (1) DE102019202184A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020169260A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021116623A1 (de) 2021-06-28 2022-12-29 Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Druckkopf und Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung eines Bauteils mittels Metallschmelze

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008013590A1 (de) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-24 Epcos Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Piezoelements
DE102015206813A1 (de) 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Auftragen eines Fluids auf einen Werkstückträger zum Erzeugen eines Werkstücks und System zum Erzeugen eines Werkstücks
US20180085773A1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2018-03-29 Seiko Epson Corporation Fluid discharging apparatus and method of discharging fluid
DE102016224047A1 (de) 2016-12-02 2018-06-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Druckkopf für den 3D-Druck von Metallen
DE102017220912B3 (de) * 2017-11-23 2018-08-09 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung des Öffnungszeitpunktes des Servoventils eines Piezoinjektors

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008013590A1 (de) * 2008-03-11 2009-09-24 Epcos Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Piezoelements
DE102015206813A1 (de) 2015-04-15 2016-10-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Auftragen eines Fluids auf einen Werkstückträger zum Erzeugen eines Werkstücks und System zum Erzeugen eines Werkstücks
US20180085773A1 (en) * 2016-09-29 2018-03-29 Seiko Epson Corporation Fluid discharging apparatus and method of discharging fluid
DE102016224047A1 (de) 2016-12-02 2018-06-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Druckkopf für den 3D-Druck von Metallen
DE102017220912B3 (de) * 2017-11-23 2018-08-09 Continental Automotive Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ermittlung des Öffnungszeitpunktes des Servoventils eines Piezoinjektors

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021116623A1 (de) 2021-06-28 2022-12-29 Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Druckkopf und Verfahren zur additiven Fertigung eines Bauteils mittels Metallschmelze
WO2023274590A1 (fr) 2021-06-28 2023-01-05 Grob-Werke Gmbh & Co. Kg Tête d'impression et procédé permettant de fabriquer de manière additive un composant au moyen d'un métal en fusion

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