EP0907421A1 - Generateur de nuage de gouttelettes - Google Patents

Generateur de nuage de gouttelettes

Info

Publication number
EP0907421A1
EP0907421A1 EP97930351A EP97930351A EP0907421A1 EP 0907421 A1 EP0907421 A1 EP 0907421A1 EP 97930351 A EP97930351 A EP 97930351A EP 97930351 A EP97930351 A EP 97930351A EP 0907421 A1 EP0907421 A1 EP 0907421A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bending transducer
piezo bending
piezo
cloud generator
generator according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP97930351A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0907421B1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Heinzl
Ingo Ederer
Josef Grasegger
Wolfgang Schullerus
Carsten Tille
Original Assignee
Heinzl Joachim Prof Dr-Ing
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heinzl Joachim Prof Dr-Ing filed Critical Heinzl Joachim Prof Dr-Ing
Publication of EP0907421A1 publication Critical patent/EP0907421A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0907421B1 publication Critical patent/EP0907421B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/135—Nozzles
    • B41J2/14—Structure thereof only for on-demand ink jet heads
    • B41J2/14201—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements
    • B41J2/14282—Structure of print heads with piezoelectric elements of cantilever type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a droplet cloud generator and in particular to a droplet cloud generator as part of a burner.
  • Micro drop generator for the generation of individual drops on .Retrieval are known from ink printing.
  • EP-0 713 773 e.g. proposed a drop generator with piezoelectric bending transducers and one nozzle each under the transducer, in which the individual transducers are separated from one another by partition walls, thereby preventing a droplet from being ejected when a transducer is deflected from the nozzle associated with another transducer.
  • Transducers in which the chamber volume is changed are of complex construction. In the case of a piezo bending transducer, for example, there is a ⁇ ⁇ piezoceramic element with a membrane forming the chamber wall covered. This is necessary in order to achieve the volume change, because the expansion of a piezo crystal in one direction is always associated with a contraction perpendicular to it.
  • the invention solves the problem of creating an inexpensive pump with a small size, with which a liquid flow in the form of a droplet cloud can be metered at a high delivery rate while maintaining a certain droplet size and droplet density.
  • Piezo bending transducers generate a particularly high deflection with high acceleration and they can be operated at high frequencies. In addition, they have only low internal mechanical resistances. With the piezo bending transducer principle, a high conversion rate from " electrical to mechanical energy can be achieved
  • Piezo bending transducers have a simple design and are therefore inexpensive and reliable.
  • the special arrangement of the transducer and the large number of nozzles means that the converted mechanical energy can be used with a high degree of efficiency for the generation and promotion of the droplet flow. Because the energy is converted in the immediate vicinity of the nozzles on which the droplets are formed, a high proportion of the fluid-mechanical energy is fed to droplet formation and droplet delivery.
  • Opposite nozzle cross-sectional area in which a conversion of the pressure generated into delivery takes place by droplets are formed and ejected. A high proportion of the pressure generated is therefore implemented.
  • the gaps between the edges of the piezo bending transducer and the housing wall ensure that when the piezo bending transducer is moved back, liquid flows laterally around the
  • Piezo bending transducers can flow around, so that the increasing volume between the piezo bending transducer and the nozzle field is filled with flowing liquid and no air is drawn into the chamber through the nozzles.
  • the gaps are dimensioned so large that fluid-mechanical resistances occurring due to friction remain low enough that the deflection of the piezo-bending transducer is not significantly affected.
  • the gaps are so small dimensioned so that the liquid located in front of the transducer can not be displaced quickly enough through the gaps during the rapid movement of the piezo bending transducer and that it is pressed through the nozzles.
  • the voltage pulses emitted by the control arrangement are matched in such a way that the liquid delivery is made possible.
  • the stroke movement which causes the droplet to be ejected through the nozzle can take place considerably faster than the back movement of the piezo bending transducer, so that the
  • a connection between the chamber and the liquid supply can be connected at any suitable location in the chamber.
  • a connecting line is preferably arranged on a side of the piezoelectric bending transducer facing away from the nozzle field.
  • the chamber with the liquid supply can a line or other connection is connected.
  • the chamber is preferably connected to the liquid supply via a plurality of lines, in particular two lines. This can make it possible for the droplet cloud generator to be degassed during commissioning, in that liquid is supplied via one connecting line and gas or liquid is removed via the other connecting line.
  • an improved and faster liquid supply can be made possible with a plurality of lines in a suitable arrangement, which leads to a shortening of the duration of the filling process between two droplet generation pulses.
  • the connections between the chamber and the liquid reservoir can be designed to be as low-resistance as possible in terms of flow mechanics.
  • throttle points are preferably provided in these connections, which ensure that as little liquid as possible is displaced through the supply lines via which the chamber is connected to the liquid supply during the drop ejection process, and thus a high delivery rate of the droplet cloud generator is ensured.
  • the throttling points are preferably designed in such a way that they are used to oppose the liquid with the high pressure pulse during the droplet ejection, while with them the liquid is only opposed to a low fluid mechanical resistance during the refilling process at a lower pressure difference, so that the refilling done quickly and thus the spray frequency can be increased.
  • Check valves can also be provided in the connections in order to ensure that liquid can flow into the chamber via the connection, but that flow is inhibited at the same time.
  • the nozzles can be designed as cylindrical channels, gaps, channels with angular cross-sectional areas or channels of any shape, and they can have a constant channel cross-section. You can too be tapered towards the chamber. However, they are preferably tapered in the direction away from the chamber. This ensures that the cross-sectional area of the nozzle with the smallest diameter is present at the opening of the nozzles to the surroundings. Since interfaces between two fluids always strive to adopt the lowest possible energy state and this is achieved with the smallest possible surface area of the interface, an outwardly tapering nozzle means that the edge of the meniscus between the liquid and the gaseous environment always strives for it, on persist the outer end of the nozzle. By reducing the extent of the change in position of the edge of the meniscus, a particularly stable operation of the droplet cloud generator is ensured, which leads to a higher delivery rate because there are no failure cycles.
  • the outside of the housing wall in the part of the housing wall in which the nozzle field is arranged can be made of any suitable materials.
  • a coating with Teflon or with another suitable anti-adhesive material is preferably provided.
  • Such a coating prevents the outside from being wetted, i.e. the three-phase boundary line between liquid, gaseous environment and the housing wall structure is advanced out of the nozzle opening. It is achieved in that the edge of the meniscus remains at the end of the nozzle towards the outside during the formation of drops, thereby ensuring stable work and a high delivery rate.
  • the droplet cloud generator can have any suitable piezo bending transducer.
  • the piezo bending transducer is preferably a
  • Multi-layer piezoceramic transducer with an additional passive piezoceramic layer This means that the same deflection of the piezo converter can be achieved with a low control voltage. This has the advantage that the regulations for maximum voltages to be observed in many possible applications of the droplet cloud generator are observed
  • ERSA can be without the performance is limited.
  • the droplet cloud generator can have only one piezo bending transducer and only one nozzle field. According to the invention, however, a plurality of piezo bending transducers and / or a plurality of nozzle fields can also be provided in the droplet cloud generator.
  • a plurality of piezo bending transducers can be arranged in such a way that their plate surfaces are arranged next to one another in one plane, or can be arranged in such a way that the plate surfaces are overlapping or arranged next to one another in different planes.
  • an arrangement with a second piezo bending transducer and a second nozzle array is provided opposite the free end of the first piezo bending transducer, which arrangement is essentially mirror-inverted to the first piezo bending transducer and the first nozzle array.
  • the control arrangement is constructed in such a way that the piezo bending transducer and the second piezo bending transducer can be controlled with different pulse frequencies, pulse durations and / or pulse phases.
  • the opposing arrangement of the two piezo bending transducers when the piezo bending transducers are actuated in the same way, means that liquid which is displaced towards the other piezo bending transducer is exposed to a fluid mechanical resistance due to the oncoming fluid displaced by the other piezo bending transducer. This can build up a high pressure and increase the throughput.
  • the delivery throughput can be varied by means of a control with a shifted pulse phase. Activation can also be carried out with different pulse frequencies and / or pulse durations. A variation or different control with regard to one or more of the parameters pulse frequency, pulse duration and pulse phase can also be used so that the droplet size and the droplet speed can be varied with a fixed nozzle arrangement in the nozzle field.
  • the nozzle field can be formed in any suitable part of the housing wall.
  • the nozzle field is formed in a part of the housing wall which is arranged within the projection of the plate surface of the piezo bending transducer in the direction in which the free end of the piezo bending transducer can be moved when it passes through its rest position.
  • the nozzles of the nozzle array are thus essentially arranged in such a way that all the nozzles would be covered by the transducer surface if the piezo bending transducer were touched to the part of the
  • a gap of a suitable size is formed between the free end of the piezo bending transducer and the part of the housing wall opposite in the extension of the transducer.
  • the piezo bending transducer can have no or any suitable distance from the part of the housing wall in which the nozzle field is formed.
  • a small distance is formed between the piezo bending transducer and the part of the housing wall in which the nozzle field is formed.
  • the piezo bending transducer can either be first moved away from the nozzle field with the application of a voltage pulse and then moved back to the nozzle field with the application of a reverse polarized voltage or by using mechanical restoring forces, the drop ejection being effected.
  • the piezo bending transducer can, however, also be moved immediately in the direction of the nozzle field when the voltage pulse is applied, so that the drop ejection is initiated directly when the voltage pulse is applied. In this case too, the piezo bending element can abut the housing wall.
  • Such "bumping against the housing wall can have the beneficial effect have that the acceleration of the liquid is interrupted particularly abruptly and this results in a particularly regular and rapid tear-off.
  • the gap between the free end of the piezo bending transducer and the housing wall opposite in the extension of the piezo bending transducer can have any suitable width according to the invention. However, it is preferably not more than five times as large as the distance which occurs in the rest position of the piezo bending transducer when there is no voltage.
  • the piezo bending transducer in its rest position, which is set when there is no voltage, rests on the part of the housing wall in which the nozzle array is formed, and the piezo bending transducer is moved away from the nozzle array by means of the control arrangement when a voltage is applied.
  • the drop formation is only reversed when the piezo bending transducer snaps back after the end of the voltage pulse by applying an inverted one
  • the part of the housing wall in which the nozzle field is formed can, according to the invention, be formed like the other parts of the housing wall. However, the part of the housing wall preferably projects into the chamber.
  • Such a design has the advantage that the high pressure that builds up when the surface of the piezo-bending transducer moves towards the housing wall in the ever narrowing distance is only built up in the area in which it also comes from the escape of drops Nozzles can be dismantled and used. This leads to a "" reduction in fluid mechanical losses during of the drop ejection process and thus to an increase in the delivery rate and the efficiency of the pump. An advantageous effect is also achieved during the refilling process of liquid from the reservoir.
  • the close distance between the piezo bending transducer and the housing wall, into which liquid can flow only against a high fluidic resistance, is shorter compared to an embodiment without a housing wall part protruding into the chamber.
  • the required liquid can thus be drawn in more quickly and the droplet generation frequency and the delivery rate can be further increased.
  • the nozzle field is arranged in the extension of the piezo bending transducer opposite the free end of the piezo bending transducer.
  • the nozzle array can also be arranged a certain distance from the free end of the piezo bending transducer.
  • the nozzles are preferably oriented in the cantilever direction of the piezo bending transducer.
  • each piezo bending transducer Arrange piezo bending transducers in the direction of the plate surface one behind the other or next to one another within the plate surface plane, each piezo bending transducer being able to be assigned a corresponding nozzle field without the installation space required for arranging the piezo bending transducers having to be enlarged further because of the nozzle field.
  • the droplet cloud generator can be a droplet cloud generator for any suitable liquids.
  • the droplet cloud generator can be used separately or as part of any suitable system.
  • the droplet cloud generator is preferably part of a burner, the liquid supply being a liquid fuel supply. The ones that serve as burner nozzles
  • HE Nozzles of the nozzle array then have a narrowest diameter of at least 10 ⁇ m and at most 100 ⁇ m. This achieves droplet sizes which are particularly suitable for the production of an ignitable mixture of fuel droplets and a gaseous oxidizing agent.
  • droplet sizes mean that shortly after the droplets are expelled from the nozzles, complete evaporation of the fuel droplets is achieved and an ignitable and / or easily combustible
  • the nozzles according to the invention have a larger diameter than 100 ⁇ m in accordance with the fluid mechanical requirements.
  • the centers of adjacent nozzles of the nozzle array which serve as burner nozzles, can be at any suitable distance from one another.
  • the centers preferably have distances of at least 50 ⁇ m and at most 2000 ⁇ m from one another. The choice of distances from adjacent nozzles in this order of magnitude further improves the fuel / oxidizing agent mixture and thus further increases the burner output.
  • the droplet cloud generator can have any number of nozzles, depending on the intended use.
  • a droplet cloud generator preferably has at least 50 nozzles. From such a number of nozzles, a burner is particularly well suited for use as a burner for vehicle heaters or household heating devices.
  • holes are provided in the piezo bending transducer according to the invention in order to reduce the fluid mechanical resistance of the piezo bending transducer.
  • valves can be provided in the droplet cloud generator according to the invention, with which liquid delivery is possible even with larger nozzle diameters CD
  • FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of a droplet cloud generator according to yet another embodiment of the invention, in which the nozzle field is arranged opposite the free end of the piezo bending transducer;
  • FIGS. 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 each show a sectional view of a droplet cloud generator according to yet another embodiment of the invention, in which the nozzle field is arranged opposite the free end in the extension of the piezo bending transducer;
  • FIG. 13a shows a sectional view of a nozzle array designed according to the invention
  • FIG. 13b shows a top view of the nozzle array shown in FIG. 13a
  • FIG. 14 shows a view of the droplet cloud generator from FIG. 9 in plan view in the direction perpendicular to the plate surface of the piezo bending element;
  • FIG. 15 shows an example of the contacting of a piezo bending transducer in a droplet cloud generator designed according to the invention
  • FIG. 16 shows a basic representation of a bimorph piezoelectric bending transducer
  • FIG. 17 shows a basic illustration of a monomorphic piezo bending transducer
  • FIG. 18 shows a basic illustration of a multilayer piezo bending transducer
  • FIG. 19 shows a basic illustration of a control arrangement used according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The construction of one is shown in FIGS.
  • a pump chamber 1 is formed in a housing and can be filled with liquid.
  • the housing wall 2 is formed by a housing base part 2c, a housing middle part 2b and a housing cover part 2d.
  • a piezo-bending transducer 4 is fastened cantilevered within the chamber 1 and can be deflected by means of control via the control arrangement 6 (not shown in FIGS. 1 a to 1 c). How from FIGS. 1 a and 1 c show the piezo bending transducer 4 in the form of a plate. It is attached with its end 4e inside the housing. The opposite end 4d is free.
  • the plate surface 4c is delimited by the edges 4b arranged laterally in the cantilever direction.
  • the piezo bending transducer 4 is made up of two layers 4f, 4g made of piezoceramic. When a voltage is applied, the piezo-bending transducer 4 can be bent about the axis 4a running transversely to the cantilever direction. With such a bend, as can be seen from FIG. 1b, the free end 4d moves along a curve which approximately corresponds to a movement perpendicular to the cantilever direction and perpendicular to the bend axis 4a.
  • a part 2a of the housing wall 2 is within the projection of the plate surface 4c onto the housing wall 2 in the direction of
  • Direction of movement of the free end 4d of the piezo bending transducer 4 is arranged on passing through its rest position to the adjacent part of the housing wall.
  • a nozzle field 3 with a plurality of nozzles 3a is formed in the part 2a of the housing wall 2.
  • the plate surface 4c and the part 2a of the housing wall 2 are each flat surfaces which run parallel to one another.
  • a distance 7 is formed between the piezo bending transducer 4 and the part 2 a of the housing wall 2 in which the nozzle field 3 is formed in the rest position of the piezo bending transducer 4, which is set when there is no voltage.
  • housing wall 2 are provided with gaps 5a which are sufficiently large so that a movement of the piezo bending transducer 4 is not opposed to excessive flow resistance and when the piezo bending transducer 4 moves backward, a sufficient flow can take place away from the nozzle field 3, so that no air is drawn into the chamber 1 through the nozzles 3a. "At the same time, gaps 5a are sufficiently narrow that when the piezo bending transducer 4 is moved towards the nozzles 3a, the liquid cannot escape through the gaps 5a sufficiently quickly, but is pressed through the nozzles 3a.
  • a gap 5b is also formed, which is less than 5 times as wide, namely about 4 times as wide as the distance 7.
  • the piezo bending transducer has dimensions of 9 x 4 x 0.5 mm.
  • the active, free length is 5.5 mm.
  • the deflections that can be achieved at the free end are approx. 25 ⁇ m at 50 V.
  • the chamber 1 is formed larger on the side of the piezo bending transducer 4 facing away from the nozzle field 3 than the distance 7 on the other side
  • the housing middle part 2b of the housing wall 2 which is arranged between the housing bottom part 2c and the housing cover part 2d and whose height determines the chamber height, has a height in this exemplary embodiment from 675 ⁇ m.
  • the housing components are preferably made of silicon.
  • the chamber 1 is connected via lines 8 to a liquid supply (not shown). Throttling points 8a are formed in the lines 8.
  • the lines 8 are at a substantial distance from one another. They can therefore also be used for flushing when the pump is started up. It is advantageous that one of the two lines 8 is arranged at the end of the housing in the direction of the free end 4d of the piezo bending transducer 4. With a corresponding orientation of the chamber 1 relative to gravity, the pump can be degassed by means of liquid supply via the centrally arranged line 8 and discharge from the line 8 arranged at the end. Existing gas bubbles rise upwards and are flushed out of chamber 1.
  • a line 8 has an inner diameter of 1 mm.
  • the piezo bending transducer can be deflected by applying voltage pulses to the piezo bending transducer 4 by means of the control arrangement 6. As a result, liquid can be displaced towards the nozzles and droplets are expelled from the nozzles 3a.
  • the piezo bending transducer 4 can be moved towards and away from the nozzle field 3 by means of the control arrangement 6 by applying a voltage.
  • the piezo-bending transducer 4 can be deflected to such an extent when moving towards the nozzle array 3 that the free end 4d of the piezo-bending transducer 4 abuts the part 2a of the housing wall 2 in which the nozzle array 3 is formed. The movement de.
  • ⁇ piezo bending transducer 4 is thereby braked abruptly, which leads to a particularly favorable drop tear-off.
  • the piezo bending transducer 4 can, however, first be moved to a certain extent away from the nozzle field 3, so that a larger amount of liquid between the piezo bending transducer 4 and the
  • Nozzle array 3 is present before the piezo bending transducer 4 is moved onto the nozzle array 3.
  • the piezo bending element consists of two layers 4f, 4g. These are connected to each other in a shear-resistant manner.
  • the structure of the piezo bending element used in this embodiment of the invention can be seen more clearly from FIG. It is a monomorphic actuator.
  • One of the layers is a piezoceramic layer, the other a layer of metal or another suitable material.
  • the piezoceramic layer is stretched or compressed by applying a voltage.
  • the process can be reversed by unloading. This can be done either by applying an appropriate counter voltage or by slowly unloading independently.
  • piezo bending actuators used according to the invention can be seen with a bimorph piezo bending actuator from FIG. 16 and a multilayered piezo bending actuator from FIG. 18. There are two in the bimorph actuator
  • Piezoceramic plates with an electrode in the middle whereby both layers are polarized in reverse.
  • the stretchable or compressible layer is made of alternately stacked thin, e.g. 20 ⁇ m thin piezo layers and electrodes built up that are firmly glued or sintered together.
  • the electrodes are interlocked like a layer capacitor, i.e. the reverse polarized electrodes alternate.
  • the same electrical field strength is generated in the piezoceramic layers at a lower voltage and thus the same extent of a piezo effect.
  • the operating voltage is considerably reduced, e.g. from several 100 V to approx. 30 to 60 V.
  • nozzles 3a which form the nozzle array 3.
  • FIGS. 13a and 13b show how the nozzles 3a and the nozzle fields 3 are designed in another advantageous embodiment. As can be seen from Figure 13a, the nozzles are designed such that they differ from the
  • the part 2a of the housing wall in which the nozzles 3a of the nozzle array are formed is 35 ⁇ m on the outside L LO to t Ln O L ⁇ o Ln L ⁇
  • Piezobiegewandlers 4 opposite corner of the housing wall 2 is formed.
  • the nozzle field is formed at the interface between the two housing components, the housing base part 2c and the housing cover part 2c.
  • the piezo-bending transducer 4 does not rest over its entire length on the housing wall 2 in its rest position, but rather with its fastened end 4e rests on the housing bottom part 2c of the housing wall 2 attached and in the area of the free end 4d of the piezo bending transducer 4, recesses 9 are provided in the housing base part 2c, which are designed as channels. With the recesses 9, the space of the chamber 1, on the side of the piezoelectric transducer facing away from the lines 8, via which the chamber 1 is connected to the liquid supply, is widened. The recesses 9 in the housing base part 2c extend essentially in the cantilever direction of the piezo bending transducer 4. In the of the housing wall 2 at the point where the housing base part 2c and
  • the recesses 9 pass into the nozzles 3a of the nozzle array 3.
  • FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 show embodiments in which the pump chamber 1 and the nozzles 3a are essentially designed as in the embodiments of FIGS. 7, 8 and 9.
  • the piezo bending transducer 4 is not, as is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 can be seen, only attached to a housing component 2c, but the piezo bending transducer 4 is clamped to the housing between the housing base part 2c and the housing cover part 2d.
  • FIG. 14 shows a top view, like that of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 8, 9, 11 and 12

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un générateur de nuage de gouttelettes. Dans une chambre de pompe (1) communiquant avec un réservoir de liquide, un transducteur de flexion piézo-électrique (4) en saillie est disposé de manière que sous l'effet de l'application de décharges électriques produisant une excursion, une pluralité de gouttelettes puissent être expulsées d'une rangée d'ajutages (3) prévue dans la paroi (2c) du carter de la chambre de pompe (1), à l'aide d'ajutages (32). Des fentes (5b) sont formées entre les bords situés latéralement par rapport au sens de saillie et l'extrémité libre (4d) du transducteur de flexion piézo-électrique (4) et les sections adjacentes de la paroi du carter. La rangée d'ajutages (3) peut être placée dans la projection de la surface de la plaque du transducteur de flexion piézo-électrique (4) dans son sens de mouvement ou dans le prolongement de l'élément de flexion piézo-électrique (4) ou en un autre point approprié. En tant que partie constituante d'un système de brûleur, ce générateur de nuage de gouttelettes est particulièrement approprié pour produire un mélange carburant/agent d'oxydation inflammable.
EP97930351A 1996-07-01 1997-06-24 Generateur de nuage de gouttelettes Expired - Lifetime EP0907421B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19626428 1996-07-01
DE19626428A DE19626428A1 (de) 1996-07-01 1996-07-01 Tröpfchenwolkenerzeuger
PCT/DE1997/001307 WO1998000237A1 (fr) 1996-07-01 1997-06-24 Generateur de nuage de gouttelettes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0907421A1 true EP0907421A1 (fr) 1999-04-14
EP0907421B1 EP0907421B1 (fr) 2002-02-27

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97930351A Expired - Lifetime EP0907421B1 (fr) 1996-07-01 1997-06-24 Generateur de nuage de gouttelettes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6116517A (fr)
EP (1) EP0907421B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2259311A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19626428A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998000237A1 (fr)

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CA2259311A1 (fr) 1998-01-08
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US6116517A (en) 2000-09-12
EP0907421B1 (fr) 2002-02-27
WO1998000237A1 (fr) 1998-01-08

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