WO2020169025A1 - 伏立康唑及其中间体的制备方法 - Google Patents

伏立康唑及其中间体的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020169025A1
WO2020169025A1 PCT/CN2020/075707 CN2020075707W WO2020169025A1 WO 2020169025 A1 WO2020169025 A1 WO 2020169025A1 CN 2020075707 W CN2020075707 W CN 2020075707W WO 2020169025 A1 WO2020169025 A1 WO 2020169025A1
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compound
voriconazole
acid
preparing
reaction
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PCT/CN2020/075707
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French (fr)
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周文祥
黄文锋
胡佳兴
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浙江华海立诚药业有限公司
浙江华海药业股份有限公司
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Priority to US17/430,794 priority Critical patent/US20220162189A1/en
Priority to CN202080007221.5A priority patent/CN113614075A/zh
Priority to EP20758561.3A priority patent/EP3929191A4/en
Publication of WO2020169025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020169025A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D249/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D249/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D249/081,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/06Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/28Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D239/30Halogen atoms or nitro radicals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a preparation method of voriconazole and its intermediates, and belongs to the technical field of medicine.
  • voriconazole (2R,3S)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(5-fluoro-4-pyrimidine)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole- 1-yl)-2-butanol, its chemical formula is as follows:
  • Voriconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agent. Its indications are as follows: invasive aspergillosis; severe invasive infection caused by fluconazole-resistant Candida (including Candida krusei); Severe infections caused by Nematodes and Fusarium.
  • Voriconazole is directly prepared by asymmetric condensation.
  • the prior art discloses a variety of methods for increasing the ratio of 2R, 3S/2S, 3R enantiomer to 2R, 3R/2S, 3S enantiomer of compound 2.
  • CN1026788C discloses intermediate 4-chloro-5-fluoro-6-ethylpyrimidine and 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole)-2,4-difluoroacetophenone directly under the action of strong alkali Condensation, and then pass a chiral column to separate two pairs of enantiomers.
  • CN1919846A and CN103788073A discloses a method of asymmetric induction reaction by adding a transition metal catalyst and a chiral ligand (reagent) during the condensation process.
  • this method currently has the following problems.
  • transition metal catalysts which are expensive and difficult to obtain in large quantities, are needed in asymmetric synthesis. Therefore, this method is still at the stage of small-scale preparation of voriconazole samples in the laboratory, and cannot meet the requirements of industrial production for cost control.
  • the invention provides a method for preparing voriconazole and its intermediates by using voriconazole condensate isomers.
  • the method has the advantages of simple reaction conditions and simultaneous recovery of two raw materials, so it is very suitable for large-scale industrial recycling production.
  • the method of the present invention recycles the mother liquor for preparing the voriconazole condensate, and therefore can improve the utilization rate of raw materials and auxiliary materials for preparing voriconazole, reduce resource waste and protect the environment, and can minimize production costs.
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing voriconazole intermediates, which includes the following steps: taking voriconazole condensate isomers, compound 2 or its salt, as raw materials, reacting and post-processing under acidic conditions to obtain compound 3 and compound 4.
  • the reaction formula is as follows:
  • the compound 2 is a substance with two chiral centers having 2S, 3S or 2R, 3R or 2S, 3R or 2R, 3S configuration, or a mixture of two or more of the above substances; preferably, the Compound 2 is mainly a mixture of enantiomers of 2S, 3S/2R, 3R configuration, and may also contain a small amount of enantiomeric mixture of 2R, 3S/2S, 3R configuration; more preferably, compound 2 is mainly derived from the preparation of voriconazole Condensate mother liquor.
  • the acidic condition refers to an acidic aqueous solution or a mixed solution of an acidic aqueous solution and an organic solvent.
  • the acid of the acidic aqueous solution is selected from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, acetic acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid.
  • the concentration of the acidic aqueous solution is 2 mol/L to 5 mol/L.
  • the molar ratio of compound 2 or its salt to acid is 1:2 to 1:20, preferably 1:5 to 1:10.
  • the organic solvent is selected from hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, esters, ketones or ethers or combinations thereof; wherein the hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons are preferably dichloromethane, toluene, cyclohexane; wherein the ether is preferably It is isopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, dioxane, and tetrahydrofuran; the ketone is preferably acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; and the ester is preferably ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, and methyl acetate.
  • the molar volume ratio of the compound 2 or its salt to the organic solvent is 5-15 mol/ml, preferably 5-10 mol/ml.
  • the temperature of the reaction is 40 to 90°C.
  • reaction time is 2-12 hours, preferably 5-10 hours.
  • the present invention also provides a method for preparing voriconazole, which includes the following steps: using the above-mentioned method to prepare compound 3 and compound 4, using the thus obtained compound 3 and compound 4 as raw materials, first brominating compound 3, Condensation reaction with compound 4 is carried out to prepare compound 2'with the configuration of 2S, 3R/2R, 3S, and then voriconazole is obtained by hydrogenation, resolution, and purification.
  • the specific reaction route is as follows:
  • the starting material compound 2 used in the method of the present invention is mainly solid waste or impurities produced in the process of preparing compound 2'in the prior art. Therefore, the method of the present invention is a clean production method of "turning waste into treasure”.
  • the method of the present invention can greatly increase the utilization rate of raw materials and auxiliary materials for preparing voriconazole in the prior art, save resources and protect the environment, not only can reduce costs, but also make the production of voriconazole recyclable.
  • the method of the present invention adopts simple reaction conditions to prepare compound 3 and compound 4. Compared with the prior art schemes for preparing compound 3 and compound 4, the method of the present invention has the advantages of short synthetic route steps, high yield, low cost, and easier large-scale industrial production.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

公开了伏立康唑及其中间体的制备方法。本发明公开了以伏立康唑缩合物异构体为原料于酸存在下反应以获得4-氯-6-乙基-5-氟嘧啶和2',4'-二氟-2-[1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑基)]苯乙酮的方法。本发明还公开了利用由此获得的中间体制备伏立康唑的方法。采用本发明的方法可以大幅提高按照现有技术制备伏立康唑的原料和辅料的利用率,从而降低成本。

Description

伏立康唑及其中间体的制备方法
本申请要求于2019年2月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910121961.0发明名称为“伏立康唑及其中间体的制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及伏立康唑及其中间体制备方法,属于医药技术领域。
背景技术
伏立康唑的化学名称为(2R,3S)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶)-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-丁醇,其化学式如下:
Figure PCTCN2020075707-appb-000001
伏立康唑是一种广谱的三唑类抗真菌药,其适应症如下:侵袭性曲霉病;对氟康唑耐药的念珠菌(包括克柔念珠菌)引起的严重侵袭性感染;由足放线病菌属和镰刀菌属引起的严重感染。
文献报道的制备伏立康唑的方法归纳起来主要有两条途径:一条途径为先制备(2R,3S/2S,3R)外消旋体,然后拆分以制备伏立康唑;第二条途径为采用手性试剂(催化剂或配体)进行不对称缩合直接制备伏立康唑。
上述两种方法一般都会经过下式化合物2,即伏立康唑缩合物,其经氢化得到伏立康唑或得到外消旋体、外消旋体再经拆分得到伏立康唑。
Figure PCTCN2020075707-appb-000002
化合物2的2R,3S/2S,3R对映体与2R,3R/2S,3S对映体比例越高越有利于后面的伏立康唑的拆分。现有技术公开了多种提高化合物2的2R,3S/2S,3R对映体与2R,3R/2S,3S对映体的比例的方法。CN1026788C公开了中间体4-氯-5-氟-6-乙基嘧啶与2-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)-2,4-二氟苯乙酮在强碱作用下直接缩合,再通过手性柱将两对对映体分离的方法。但是这样的方法缺乏选择性,目标化合物2的(2R,3S/2S,3R)与(2R,3R/2S,3S)两对对映体的比例仅为1:1.1,收率低。CN1076019C公开了先将中间体4-氯-5-氟-6-乙基嘧啶进行溴代,再与2-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑)-2,4-二氟苯乙酮在过量的锌、碘及少量铅催化作用下进行雷福尔马特斯基反应,定向生成所需较大比例的2R,3S/2S,3R对映体的方法。由于CN1076019C采用了定向合成技术,因此转化率和收率均比CN1026788C中公开的手性柱分离的方法高。另外,定向合成技术的操作也较为简单。但是,采用定向合成技术所生成的(2R,3S/2S,3R)对映体与(2R,3R/2S,3S)对映体的比例仅为9:1左右,因此母液中仍有大量的(2R,3R/2S,3S)对映体。
另外,现有技术如CN1919846A和CN103788073A公开了通过在缩合过程中,加入过渡金属催化剂和手性配体(试剂)进行不对称诱导反应的方法。但是,这样的方法目前也存在以下几个问题。一是在不对称合成中需要用到价格昂贵且难以大量获得的过渡金属催化剂。因此,目前此种方法仍然处于试验室小规模制备伏立康唑样品的阶段,无法满足工业化生产对成本控制的要求。二是由于不对称合成的选择性问题,(2R,3S/2S,3R)对映体与(2R,3R/2S,3S)对映体的比例提高幅度有限,产物中仍然占有一定比例的异构体杂质,因此最终后续纯化仍然需要进行拆分处理。
综上所述,按照现有技术方法制备伏立康唑或其中间体化合物2,由于理论及大生产对成本控制的限制,虽然可以对部分参数进行优化,但在工业化生产过程中仍然无法大幅提高原辅料利用率。为了以更高的收率和更低的生 产成本制备伏立康唑原料药,需要开发新的技术方案。这样的技术方案能够提高用于制备伏立康唑的原料和辅料的利用率,从而减少资源浪费和保护环境,能够最大限度地降低生产成本,更有利于大规模工业生产。
发明内容
本发明提供一种采用伏立康唑缩合物异构体制备伏立康唑及其中间体的方法。该方法具有反应条件简单、同时回收两种原料的优点,因此非常适合于大规模工业化循环生产。本发明的方法是将制备伏立康唑缩合物的母液循环利用,因此能够提高用于制备伏立康唑的原料和辅料的利用率、减少资源浪费和保护环境,能够最大限度地降低生产成本。
本发明提供一种制备伏立康唑中间体的方法,包括以下步骤:以伏立康唑缩合物异构体即化合物2或其盐为原料,于酸性条件下,经反应并后处理得到化合物3和化合物4,具体反应式如下:
Figure PCTCN2020075707-appb-000003
所述化合物2为两个手性中心具有2S,3S或2R,3R或2S,3R或2R,3S构型的物质,或者上述物质中两种或多于两种的混合物;优选地,所述化合物2主要是2S,3S/2R,3R构型的对映体混合物,还可以含有少量的2R,3S/2S,3R构型的对映体混合物;更优选地,化合物2主要来源于制备伏立康唑缩合物的母液。
在一个实施方案中,所述酸性条件是指酸性水溶液或酸性水溶液与有机溶剂的混合液。
在另一个实施方案中,所述酸性水溶液的酸选自盐酸、硫酸、三氟乙酸、乙酸、硝酸和磷酸。
在另一个实施方案中,所述酸性水溶液的浓度为2mol/L~5mol/L。
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物2或其盐与酸的投料摩尔比为1:2~1:20, 优选为1:5~1:10。
在另一个实施方案中,所述有机溶剂选自烃、卤代烃、酯、酮或醚或它们的组合;其中烃或卤代烃优选为二氯甲烷、甲苯、环己烷;其中醚优选为异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、二氧六环、四氢呋喃;酮优选为丙酮、丁酮;酯优选为乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸甲酯。
在一个实施方案中,所述化合物2或其盐与有机溶剂的摩尔体积比为5~15mol/ml,优选5~10mol/ml。
在另一个实施方案中,反应的温度为40~90℃。
在一个实施方案中,反应的时间为2~12小时,优选5~10小时。
另外,本发明还提供一种制备伏立康唑的方法,包括以下步骤:使用按照上述的方法制备化合物3和化合物4,以由此得到的化合物3和化合物4为原料,先将化合物3进行溴化、再与化合物4进行缩合反应制备得到构型为2S,3R/2R,3S的化合物2’,再经氢化、拆分、精制得到伏立康唑,具体反应路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2020075707-appb-000004
由化合物3和化合物4制备伏立康唑的具体方法可参见本说明书中的实施例或者现有技术,例如CN1076019C。
与现有技术相比,本发明方法的优点体现在以下几个方面:
(1)本发明的方法采用的起始原料化合物2,主要是现有技术制备化合物2’过程中产生的固体废物或杂质。因此,本发明的方法是一种“变废为宝”的清洁生产方法。本发明的方法可以大幅提高现有技术制备伏立康唑的原料和辅 料的利用率,节约资源及保护环境,不但可以降低成本,亦可以使伏立康唑的生产可循环化。
(2)本发明的方法采用简单的反应条件即可制备获得化合物3和化合物4两种物质。与现有技术制备化合物3和化合物4的方案相比,本发明的方法具有合成线路步骤短,收率高,成本低,更易于规模化工业生产的优势。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明。这些实施例示例性地说明了根据本发明制备伏立康唑及其中间体的方法,它们仅用于说明目的,而不在任何方面限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
4-氯-6-乙基-5-氟嘧啶和2',4'-二氟-2-[1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑基)]苯乙酮的制备
向烧瓶中加入38.3g 2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶基)-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇(构型主要为2S,3S/2R,3R,少量为2R,3S/2S,3R),在500ml的1mol/L稀盐酸中,升温至60-70℃反应6-7小时,反应结束后降温至0℃,用离子膜液碱调节pH值至7~8,用二氯甲烷提取得到化合物3和化合物4的混合液,减压蒸馏,蒸馏后剩余固体为化合物4,共得到22g化合物4,纯度为92%,收率为98.7%。对蒸出的馏分先进行常压蒸馏,蒸出溶剂二氯甲烷,然后减压蒸馏,馏出物为化合物3,得到14.2g化合物3,纯度为99.1%,收率为88.4%。
实施例2
4-氯-6-乙基-5-氟嘧啶和2',4'-二氟-2-[1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑基)]苯乙酮的制备
向烧瓶中加入38.3g 2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶基)-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇(构型主要为2S,3S/2R,3R,少量为2R,3S/2S,3R),在380ml的3mol/L硫酸中,升温至40~50℃反应10小时,反应结束后降温至室温,用离子膜液碱调节pH值至7~8,用乙酸乙酯提取得到化合物3和化合物4的混合液,减压蒸馏 蒸馏后剩余固体为化合物4,共得到21g化合物4,纯度为90%,收率为94.2%。对蒸出的馏分先进行常压蒸馏,蒸出溶剂乙酸乙酯,然后减压蒸馏,馏出物为化合物3,得到13.6g化合物3,纯度为99.0%,收率为84.6%。
实施例3
4-氯-6-乙基-5-氟嘧啶和2',4'-二氟-2-[1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑基)]苯乙酮的制备
向烧瓶中加入38.3g 2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶基)-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇(构型主要为2S,3S/2R,3R,少量为2R,3S/2S,3R)、380ml二氧六环、11.5g三氟乙酸,升温至70~90℃反应3~5小时,反应结束后降温至室温,用离子膜液碱调节pH值至7~8,用二氯甲烷提取得到化合物3和化合物4的混合液,减压蒸馏,蒸馏后剩余固体为化合物4,共得到20g化合物4,纯度为91%,收率为89.6%。对蒸出的馏分先进行常压蒸馏,蒸出溶剂二氯甲烷,然后减压蒸馏,馏出物为化合物3,得到13.7g化合物3,纯度为99.3%,收率为85.3%。
实施例4
(2R,3S)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶)-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-2-丁醇的制备
向烧瓶中加入38.3g 2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶基)-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇(构型主要为2S,3S/2R,3R,少量为2R,3S/2S,3R)、190ml二氧六环、190ml水、50ml浓盐酸,升温至50~70℃反应5~7小时,反应结束后降温至室温,用离子膜液碱调节pH值至7~8,用二氯甲烷提取得到化合物3和化合物4的混合液,减压蒸馏,蒸馏后剩余固体为化合物4。对蒸出的馏分先进行常压蒸馏,蒸出溶剂二氯甲烷,然后减压蒸馏,得到馏出物为化合物3。化合物3经溴化后与化合物4在锌粉、氯化锌条件下进行Reformatsky缩合反应,在Pd/H 2下氢化脱氯,经手性拆分、精制后得到8.7g(2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-3-(5-氟-4-嘧啶基)-1-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁-2-醇)(即,伏立康唑),纯度为99.5%,收率为24%。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种制备伏立康唑中间体的方法,包括以下步骤:以下式化合物2或其盐为原料,在酸性条件下,经反应并后处理得到化合物3和化合物4:
    Figure PCTCN2020075707-appb-100001
    所述化合物2为两个手性中心具有2S,3S或2R,3R或2S,3R或2R,3S构型的物质,或者上述物质中两种或多于两种的混合物;优选地,所述化合物2主要是2S,3S/2R,3R构型的对映体混合物;更优选地,化合物2主要来源于制备伏立康唑缩合物的母液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述酸性条件是指酸性水溶液或酸性水溶液与有机溶剂的混合液。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述酸性水溶液选自盐酸、硫酸、三氟乙酸、乙酸、硝酸和磷酸的水溶液。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中所述化合物2或其盐与产生酸性条件的酸的投料摩尔比为1:2~1:20,优选为1:5~1:10。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述有机溶剂选自烃或卤代烃、酯、酮、醚或它们的组合,其中烃或卤代烃优选为二氯甲烷、甲苯、环己烷;醚优选为异丙醚、甲基叔丁基醚、二氧六环、四氢呋喃;酮优选为丙酮、丁酮;酯优选为乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸甲酯。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的方法,其中所述化合物2或其盐与有机溶剂的摩尔体积比为5~15mol/ml,优选5~10mol/ml。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中反应的温度为40~90℃。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中反应的时间为2-12小时,优选5-10小时。
  9. 一种制备伏立康唑的方法,包括以下步骤:使用根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法制备化合物3和化合物4,以由此得到的化合物3和化合物4为原料,先将化合物3进行溴化、再与化合物4进行缩合反应制备构型为2S,3R/2R,3S化合物2’,再经氢化、拆分、精制得到伏立康唑,合成路线如下所示:
    Figure PCTCN2020075707-appb-100002
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CN114829354A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2022-07-29 刘杰 一种伏立康唑对映异构体的回收方法
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