WO2020151484A1 - 一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2020151484A1
WO2020151484A1 PCT/CN2020/070384 CN2020070384W WO2020151484A1 WO 2020151484 A1 WO2020151484 A1 WO 2020151484A1 CN 2020070384 W CN2020070384 W CN 2020070384W WO 2020151484 A1 WO2020151484 A1 WO 2020151484A1
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coil
electromagnetic induction
laser
laser head
additive manufacturing
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PCT/CN2020/070384
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马广义
余超
李杨
何爱迪
牛方勇
吴东江
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大连理工大学
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Priority to US16/964,036 priority Critical patent/US11318564B2/en
Publication of WO2020151484A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020151484A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/10—Auxiliary heating means
    • B22F12/17—Auxiliary heating means to heat the build chamber or platform
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/224—Driving means for motion along a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/03—Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece
    • B23K26/034—Observing the temperature of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/083—Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/101—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications for local heating of metal pieces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/14—Tools, e.g. nozzles, rollers, calenders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/40—Establishing desired heat distribution, e.g. to heat particular parts of workpieces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
    • H05B6/44—Coil arrangements having more than one coil or coil segment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
    • B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
    • B22F2301/205—Titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/04—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members
    • F16H1/06—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving only two intermeshing members with parallel axes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, mainly aimed at the technical field of coaxial powder feeding laser additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to an electromagnetic induction heating assisted laser additive manufacturing device and method for titanium-based composite materials.
  • the laser additive manufacturing technology is mainly divided into two mainstream technologies: powder-spreading-based selective laser melting and powder-feeding-based direct laser melting deposition.
  • powder-spreading-based selective laser melting and powder-feeding-based direct laser melting deposition.
  • residual stresses in the samples formed by the two technologies causes the cracking and warpage of the sample; in the laser additive manufacturing technology, the higher cooling rate and uneven temperature field distribution result in larger residual stress in the part.
  • Patent CN201711275078.4 reports an electromagnetic induction heating 3D printing forming system, which places coils of various shapes under the substrate and preheats the substrate to improve the preheating temperature and preheating efficiency, but it is only aimed at melting the laser area Preheating of the substrate in the forming technology, as the forming platform drops, the position of the plane and the coil becomes farther, the heating effect is poor, the temperature gradient is larger, and the uniformity of the temperature field distribution becomes worse.
  • Patent CN201610284077.5 reports a laser selective melting electromagnetic induction three-dimensional heating system.
  • a graphite block is arranged between the induction coil and the molding chamber.
  • the induction coil heats the graphite block, and the graphite block conducts high temperature to the molding chamber to achieve the surface
  • the area is uniformly heated, which reduces the temperature gradient between the processing layers and the cooling and solidification rate, and reduces the residual stress in the metal parts; but it cannot achieve induction heating in a specific area, and the heat-affected zone is large.
  • Patent CN201611222037.4 reports a method of thermal, acoustic and magnetic composite energy field assisted laser cladding of metal-based ceramic coatings. It is based on electromagnetic induction to heat the surface of the sample, but it is difficult to achieve synchronous preheating and slow cooling, and follow the laser The head changes the scanning path synchronously.
  • the present invention proposes an electromagnetic induction heating-assisted laser additive manufacturing device and method for titanium-based composite materials.
  • the substrate and the deposited layer are simultaneously preheated to fully reduce the temperature gradient and reduce the laser melting.
  • Thermal stress in the forming process Slowly cool the area behind the molten pool to fully release the residual stress in the thermoplastic area to reduce crack defects or cracking tendency;
  • the infrared thermometer detects the temperature of the molten pool in real time and adopts temperature gradient preheating to reduce Small microstructures tend to grow coarsely; then appropriately increase the scanning speed and powder feeding rate, improve the laser deposition efficiency, reduce the burning loss of the low melting point phase, and can also achieve online annealing.
  • a device and method for electromagnetic induction heating assisted laser additive manufacturing of titanium-based composite materials is as follows:
  • the substrate 2 is set above the machine tool movement platform 1, the surface of the substrate 2 is placed directly under the laser head 13, the deposition sample 3 is placed on the upper surface of the substrate 2, and the laser head 13 and the infrared thermometer 14 are set above the substrate 2.
  • the laser head 13 is fixed on the Y-axis seat plate 10, and the infrared thermometer 14 is offset from the Z-axis (vertical direction) by 30°-60°.
  • the electromagnetic induction heating synchronization auxiliary system includes an electromagnetic induction power supply host 4, an electromagnetic induction extension 5, a coil 6, a steering height adjustment mechanism 7, a driven shaft 8, and a transverse slide groove 9;
  • the magnetic induction extension 5 is connected by a cable, the electromagnetic induction extension 5 is fixed under the outer ring gear 16 of the steering height adjustment mechanism 7, the coil 6 is connected to the output end of the electromagnetic induction extension 5, the coil 6 and the laser head 13 move synchronously to realize the deposition sample 3 Real-time preheating and slow cooling in a small area;
  • the transverse slide groove 9 is fixed on the Y-axis seat plate 10, and the upper end of the driven shaft 8 can move horizontally in the transverse slide groove 9 to realize online heating of a specific area.
  • the steering height adjustment mechanism 7 includes a bearing 15, an outer ring gear 16, a nut sleeve 17, a coupling 18, a servo motor 19, a pinion gear 20, and a driving shaft 21; the servo motor 19 communicates with the driving shaft through the coupling 18
  • the shaft 21 is connected to drive the driving shaft 21 to rotate.
  • the driving shaft 21 drives the pinion gear 20 to rotate.
  • the pinion gear 20 matched with the driving shaft 21 meshes with the outer gear ring 16.
  • the outer gear ring 16 drives the electromagnetic induction extension 5 to turn to realize the coil 6.
  • the coil 6 is composed of a magnetic conductor 22 and a small coil 23, and each of the small coils is symmetrical about the center 24 of the laser spot.
  • One small coil preheats the substrate 2 or the deposition sample 3, and the other small coil pairs the deposition sample. Part 3
  • the solidification area behind the molten pool is slowly cooled.
  • the coil 6 moves synchronously with the laser head 13, and the heating area is small, which can effectively reduce the temperature gradient between adjacent deposition layers, and the heating uniformity is not limited by the deposition height; the coil 6 is placed in the deposition sample 3
  • the upper surface is directly preheated by induction. Compared with the coil 6 placed under the substrate 2 for preheating, the heat conduction acts on the deposited layer, and the preheating efficiency is higher.
  • the laser absorption efficiency per unit time is improved; the coil 6 is placed on the deposition sample.
  • the coil 6 Properly increase the preheating temperature on the upper surface of the part 3, which can fully heat or even melt some of the peaks on the upper surface of the deposition layer, which is beneficial to the flat surface of the deposition layer; the coil 6 is placed on the upper surface of the deposition sample 3, and one coil faces the back of the molten pool. The area is slowly cooled, so that the greater thermal stress is fully released.
  • the temperature gradient type preheating and slow cooling is realized; and the coil 6 can be driven by the servo motor 19, and the coil 6 can be turned flexibly at a fixed height.
  • the scanning path of the laser head 13 is changed to realize the electromagnetic induction synchronous auxiliary laser additive forming of the complex shape sample; the position of the coil 6 can be adjusted to realize the deposition sample 3 specific areas are annealed online.
  • An electromagnetic induction heating-assisted laser additive manufacturing device and method for titanium-based composite materials includes the following steps:
  • the polished, cleaned and blow-dried substrate 2 is fixed on the movement platform 1 of the machine tool at a distance of 8-10 mm below the laser head 13, and the dry and mixed powder is poured into the powder feeder.
  • the second step is to move the driven shaft 8 and turn the nut sleeve 17 so that the coil 6 is 1mm-5mm away from the upper surface of the substrate 2, and the center of the coil 6 coincides with the laser spot center 24, that is, the coil 6 is located directly under the laser head 13, and then Turn on the electromagnetic induction power supply host 4 and infrared thermometer 14 to preheat the substrate 2.
  • the electromagnetic induction frequency is 100KHz ⁇ 200KHz, the coil area is 10mm 2 ⁇ 30mm 2 , the preheating temperature is 400°C ⁇ 650°C.
  • the third step is to set the laser additive manufacturing process parameters (laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding volume, single-layer lift, inter-track overlap rate, etc.), turn on the laser 12, and transmit the laser along the optical fiber 11 from the laser head 13 Output, the coil 6 and the laser head 13 move synchronously along the X axis, start electromagnetic induction heating to synchronize the auxiliary laser additive manufacturing of the first layer of titanium-based composite material, and deposit the first layer on the surface of the substrate 2.
  • laser additive manufacturing process parameters laser power, scanning speed, powder feeding volume, single-layer lift, inter-track overlap rate, etc.
  • the laser head 13 changes direction and moves along the Y axis, and the servo motor 19 drives the outer ring gear 16 to rotate 90° through the steering height adjustment mechanism 7, and the electrical connection fixedly connected to the line outer ring gear 16
  • the magnetic induction extension 5 also turns 90°, the coil 6 continues to move synchronously with the laser head 13 to start the second layer of melting and deposition.
  • a small coil 23 in the coil 6 in front of the laser head 13 preheats the upper layer, and the other small coil pairs
  • the solidification area behind the molten pool of deposition sample 3 is slowly cooled, and the two small coils are always preheated and slowly cooled in tandem.
  • the laser head 13 continues to move according to the above-mentioned steps until the laser additive manufacturing of the titanium-based composite material sample is completed.
  • the coil 6 still turns according to the above steps , To achieve synchronous movement with the laser head 13.
  • the coil 6 is also rotated by a corresponding angle under the driving of the steering height-adjusting mechanism 7, and the output power of the electromagnetic induction power supply host 4 or the distance between the coil 6 and the deposit 3 are changed to achieve a temperature gradient Style change heating.
  • the fifth step is to turn off the laser 12 first, then turn off the electromagnetic induction power supply host 4, and finally turn off the infrared thermometer 14.
  • the laser additive manufacturing process parameters are as follows: the output power P of the laser 12 is 400W ⁇ 600W, the scanning speed V of the laser head 13 is 350mm/min ⁇ 500mm/min, and the single-layer descending height of the machine tool movement platform 1 is 0.2mm ⁇ 0.6mm, the overlap rate between adjacent tracks is 35%-45%.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention can preheat and slow down in real time, reduce residual stress and cracking tendency, and improve the mechanical properties of titanium-based composite materials; realize the synchronous movement of the electromagnetic induction coil and the laser head through the steering height-adjusting mechanism, and realize the synchronization when the laser head makes a complex scanning path Preheating and slow cooling, real-time small area preheating and slow cooling during laser additive manufacturing of larger parts; electromagnetic induction heating device that moves synchronously with the laser head, direct and synchronous induction heating of the conductive titanium-based composite material, and the substrate and the The deposition layer is preheated simultaneously to reduce the temperature gradient and the thermal stress in the laser additive process; slow cooling of the area behind the molten pool to fully release the residual stress in the thermoplastic zone and reduce the tendency of cracking; in addition, a temperature gradient type can be used Preheating can reduce the tendency of coarse microstructure to grow, reduce the burning loss of low melting point phase, and can also realize online annealing in any area.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the coil 6 turning to the height adjustment mechanism 7.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the coil 6.
  • a device and method for electromagnetic induction heating assisted laser additive manufacturing of titanium-based composite materials is as follows:
  • the electromagnetic induction heating synchronization auxiliary system includes an electromagnetic induction power supply host 4, an electromagnetic induction extension unit 5, a coil 6, a steering height adjustment mechanism 7, a driven shaft 8, a transverse chute 9, an electromagnetic induction power supply host computer 4 and an electromagnetic induction extension unit 5.
  • the electromagnetic induction extension 5 is fixed under the outer ring gear 16 of the steering height adjustment mechanism 7, the coil 6 is connected to the output end of the electromagnetic induction extension 5, and the coil 6 and the laser head 13 move synchronously to achieve a small area of the deposition sample 3 in real time Preheating and slow cooling;
  • the transverse slide groove 9 is fixed on the Y-axis seat plate 10, and the upper end of the driven shaft 8 can move horizontally in the transverse slide groove 9 to realize online heating of a specific area.
  • the steering height adjustment mechanism 7 includes a bearing 15, an outer ring gear 16, a nut sleeve 17, a coupling 18, a servo motor 19, a pinion gear 20, and a driving shaft 21; the servo motor 19 communicates with the driving shaft through the coupling 18
  • the shaft 21 is connected to drive the driving shaft 21 to rotate.
  • the driving shaft 21 drives the pinion gear 20 to rotate.
  • the pinion gear 20 matched with the driving shaft 21 meshes with the outer gear ring 16.
  • the outer gear ring 16 drives the electromagnetic induction extension 5 to turn to realize the coil 6.
  • the coil 6 is composed of a magnetic conductor 22 and a small coil 23, and each of the small coils is symmetrical about the center 24 of the laser spot.
  • One small coil preheats the substrate 2 or the deposition sample 3, and the other small coil pairs the deposition sample. Part 3
  • the solidification area behind the molten pool is slowly cooled, and the two small coils are always preheated and slowly cooled in tandem.
  • An electromagnetic induction heating-assisted laser additive manufacturing device and method for titanium-based composite materials includes the following steps:
  • the 45-90 ⁇ m granular TiC powder and the 45-90 ⁇ m spherical TC4 powder are mechanically mixed uniformly according to the mass fraction of 1:9.
  • the mixed powder is placed in a 120°C drying oven for 4 hours, and after drying, it is put into a powder feeding cylinder.
  • the substrate 2 is polished with 400 mesh SiC sandpaper, cleaned with acetone and alcohol, and dried, and then fixed on the machine tool moving platform 1 at a distance of 9 mm from the lower surface of the laser head 13.
  • the vertical distance between the coil 6 and the substrate 2 is 2 mm
  • the included angle between the infrared thermometer 14 and the laser head 13 is 50°.
  • the laser power P is 450W
  • the scanning speed V is 300mm/min
  • the single-layer lift is 0.35mm
  • the powder feed rate is 2.0g/min
  • the overlap rate between adjacent lanes is 45%
  • electromagnetic induction The output power of the power supply is 6kW
  • the oscillation frequency is 150KHz.
  • the movement direction of the laser head 13 of the first layer is along the X direction. After the first layer is deposited, the movement direction of the laser head 13 changes to the Y direction.
  • the servo motor 19 drives the pinion gear 20 to rotate, and the pinion gear 20 meshes with the outer ring gear 16.
  • the outer ring gear rotates 90°, driving the coil 6 to turn 90°, and the machine tool movement platform 1 drops 0.35mm, the coil 6 follows the laser head 12 to move in the Y direction, and the second layer of electromagnetic induction synchronous assisted laser deposition forming is started.
  • the scanning direction of the laser head 13 is along the X direction, the machine tool motion platform 1 drops 0.35mm, and the coil 6 continues to turn 90° according to the steering principle of the previous step.
  • the coil 6 follows the laser head 13 to move in the X direction, and the third The electromagnetic induction of the layers assists laser deposition and forming.
  • the scanning path of the laser head 12 is bidirectional cross scanning, that is, the odd-numbered layers are along the X direction, and the even-numbered layers are along the Y direction.
  • the coil 6 turns following the change of the scanning direction of the laser head 13.
  • the machine tool motion platform 1 stops moving, first turns off the laser 12, then turns off the electromagnetic induction power supply host 4, and finally turns off the infrared thermometer 14.

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Abstract

一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置及方法，包括同轴送粉激光沉积系统、电磁感应加热同步辅助系统，同轴送粉激光沉积系统包括基板（2）、沉积样件（3）、激光头（13）、红外测温仪（14），电磁感应加热同步辅助系统包括电磁感应电源主机（4）、线圈（6）、转向调高机构（7）、从动轴（8）、横向滑槽（9）；线圈接在电磁感应分机（5）输出端，线圈与激光头同步运动，实现沉积样件小面积实时预热缓冷。通过上述装置和方法能实时预热缓冷，减少残余应力和开裂倾向，提高钛基复合材料的力学性能；通过转向调高机构实现电磁感应线圈与激光头同步运动，实现高度较大零件激光增材制造时的实时小面积预热缓冷；与激光头同步运动的电磁感应加热装置，对基板和已沉积层同步预热缓冷，减小激光增材制造过程中的热应力；改变线圈的位置，可以实现对特定区域的在线退火。

Description

一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置及方法 技术领域
本发明属于激光增材制造技术领域，主要针对同轴送粉式激光增材制造技术领域，具体涉及一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置及方法。
背景技术
目前，激光增材制造技术主要分为基于铺粉式的选区激光熔化和基于送粉式的直接激光熔化沉积两种主流技术，但两种技术成形的样件中都存在较大的残余应力，造成样件的开裂和翘曲变形；激光增材制造技术中，较高的冷却速率和不均匀的温度场分布，导致零件中存在较大的残余应力。
专利CN201711275078.4报道了一种电磁感应加热3D打印成形系统，将各种形状的线圈置于基板下面，对基板预热，提高了预热温度和预热效率，但只是针对于对激光选区熔化成形技术的基板预热，随着成型平台的下降，由于平面与线圈的位置变远，加热效果较差，温度梯度较大，温度场分布均匀性变差。
专利CN201610284077.5报道了一种激光选区熔化电磁感应立体加热系统，在感应线圈和成型腔室间设有石墨块，感应线圈对石墨块加热，石墨块将高温传导给成型腔室，能实现表面区域均匀加热，减小了加工层间温度梯度和冷却凝固速率，减小金属零件内残余应力；但不能实现特定区域的感应加热，且热影响区较大。
专利CN201611222037.4报道了一种热、声、磁复合能场辅助激光熔覆金属基陶瓷涂层的方法，基于电磁感应对样件表面加热，但较难实现同步预热缓冷、且跟随激光头变扫描路径同步运动。
西安交通大学张安峰发表了《感应加热消除激光直接成形DD4零件裂纹》，添加感应加热后，温度梯度和凝固速度显著减小，导致熔覆层热应力显著减小，同时，凝固速度的降低会使熔覆层应力得到释放，熔池液体流动更充分，从而降低了凝固裂纹产生的可能性，在1200℃下基本消除了DD4零件熔覆裂纹；但所述装置不适用于感应加热辅助激光直接成形较大尺寸零件。
发明内容
针对现有方法存在的问题，本发明提出一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置及方法，对基板和已沉积层同步预热，充分减小温度梯度，减小激光熔化成形过程 中的热应力；对熔池后方区域缓冷，在热塑性区充分释放残余应力，减少裂纹缺陷或者开裂倾向；另外，红外测温仪实时检测熔池温度，采用温度梯度式预热，减小微观组织粗大生长倾向；再适当提高扫描速度和送粉量，提高激光沉积效率，减小低熔点相烧损，也可以实现在线退火。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：
一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置与方法，实现线圈与激光头同步运动所述的装置如下：
所述的基板2设于机床运动平台1上方，基板2表面置于激光头13正下方，沉积样件3置于基板2上表面，基板2上方设有激光头13、红外测温仪14，激光头13固定在Y轴座板10上，红外测温仪14与Z轴(垂直方向)呈30°～60°偏置。
所述的电磁感应加热同步辅助系统包括电磁感应电源主机4、电磁感应分机5、线圈6、转向调高机构7、从动轴8、横向滑槽9；所述的电磁感应电源主机4与电磁感应分机5用电缆连接，电磁感应分机5固定在转向调高机构7的外齿圈16下方，线圈6接在电磁感应分机5输出端，线圈6与激光头13同步运动，实现沉积样件3小面积实时预热缓冷；所述的横向滑槽9固定在Y轴座板10上，从动轴8上端可以在横向滑槽9中水平移动，实现对特定区域的在线加热。
所述的转向调高机构7包括轴承15、外齿圈16、螺母套17、联轴器18、伺服电机19、小齿轮20、主动轴21；所述伺服电机19通过联轴器18与主动轴21连接，驱动主动轴21转动，主动轴21带动小齿轮20转动，与主动轴21配合的小齿轮20与外齿圈16啮合，外齿圈16带动电磁感应分机5转向，进而实现线圈6的定高度转向；所述外齿圈16与轴承15外圈过盈连接，轴承15与从动轴8过渡配合，外齿圈16置于螺母套17上方，螺母套17与从动轴8下端通过螺纹连接，旋转螺母套17实现外齿圈16上下移动。
所述的线圈6由导磁体22和小线圈23组成，且小线圈左右各一个，关于激光光斑中心24对称，一个小线圈对基板2或沉积样件3预热，另一个小线圈对沉积样件3熔池后方凝固区域缓冷。
所述的线圈6与激光头13同步运动，加热区域小，能有效减小相邻沉积层之间的温度梯度，加热均匀性不受沉积高度限制；所述的线圈6置于沉积样件3上表面，直接感应预热，相比于线圈6置于基板2下面预热，热传导作用于沉积层，预热效率更高，单位时间内，提高了激光的吸收效率；线圈6置于沉积样件3上表面，适当提高预热温度，能对沉积层上表面的一些凸峰充分加热甚至熔化，有利于沉积层表面平整；线圈6置于沉积样件3上表面， 一个线圈对熔池后方区域缓冷，使较大的热应力充分释放。
通过调节电磁感应电源主机4的输出功率大小和线圈6与沉积样件3上表面的距离，实现温度梯度式预热缓冷；且线圈6能在伺服电机19的驱动下，定高度灵活转向，在横向滑槽9和转向调高机构7作用下，跟随激光头13的扫描路径变化，实现复杂形状样件的电磁感应同步辅助激光增材成形；调节线圈6的位置，可以实现对沉积样件3的特定区域在线退火。
一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置与方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
第一步，将打磨、清洗和吹干好的基板2固定在机床运动平台1上，且距离激光头13下方8～10mm，将干燥混合均匀的粉末倒入送粉器中。
第二步，移动从动轴8，转动螺母套17，使线圈6距离基板2上表面1mm～5mm，且线圈6的中心与激光光斑中心24重合，即线圈6位于激光头13正下方，再打开电磁感应电源主机4、红外测温仪14，对基板2进行预热，电磁感应输出功率为5kW～10kW，且较大的激光线能量密度E＝P/V对应较小的电磁感应输出功率，电磁感应频率为100KHz～200KHz，线圈作用面积为10mm 2～30mm 2，预热温度为400℃～650℃。
第三步，设置激光增材制造工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、送粉量、单层提升量、道间搭接率等)，打开激光器12，激光沿着光纤11传输，从激光头13输出，线圈6与激光头13沿X轴同步运动，开始电磁感应加热同步辅助激光增材制造第一层钛基复合材料，在基板2表面进行第一层沉积。
第四步，当第一层沉积结束后，激光头13换向沿Y轴运动，伺服电机19通过转向调高机构7驱动外齿圈16转动90°，与线外齿圈16固定连接的电磁感应分机5也转向90°，线圈6继续跟随激光头13同步运动，开始第二层熔化沉积，线圈6中位于激光头13前方的一个小线圈23对上一层预热，另一个小线圈对沉积样件3熔池后方凝固区域缓冷，且两个小线圈始终一前一后同步预热缓冷。
保持激光增材制造工艺参数不变，激光头13继续按照前面所述步骤运动，直到完成钛基复合材料样件的激光增材制造，激光头13变扫描路径时，线圈6仍按照上述步骤转向，实现与激光头13的同步运动。
所述的激光头13扫描路径换向时，线圈6在转向调高机构7带动下也转动相应的角度，且改变电磁感应电源主机4输出功率或者线圈6与沉积件3的距离，实现温度梯度式变化加热。
第五步，熔化沉积结束后，先关闭激光器12，再关闭电磁感应电源主机4，最后关闭红 外测温仪14。
所述的激光增材制造工艺参数为：所述激光器12输出功率P为400W～600W，激光头13扫描速度V为350mm/min～500mm/min，机床运动平台1单层下降高度为0.2mm～0.6mm，相邻道间搭接率为35％～45％。
本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果如下：
本发明能实时预热缓冷，减少残余应力和开裂倾向，改善钛基复合材料的力学性能；通过转向调高机构实现电磁感应线圈与激光头同步运动，实现激光头做复杂扫描路径时的同步预热缓冷，实现高度较大零件激光增材制造时的实时小面积预热缓冷；与激光头同步运动的电磁感应加热装置，对导电钛基复合材料直接同步感应加热，对基板和已沉积层同步预热，减小温度梯度，减小激光增材过程中的热应力；对熔池后方区域缓冷，使残余应力在热塑性区充分释放，减少开裂倾向；另外，可以采用温度梯度式预热，减小微观组织粗大生长倾向，减小低熔点相烧损，也可以实现任意区域在线退火。
附图说明
图1为本发明的机构示意图。
图2为线圈6转向调高机构7的示意图。
图3为线圈6的示意图。
图中：1机床运动平台；2基板；3沉积样件；4电磁感应电源主机；5电磁感应分机；6线圈；7转向调高机构；8从动轴；9横向滑槽；10Y轴座板；11光纤；12激光器；13激光头；14红外测温仪；15轴承；16外齿圈；17螺母套；18联轴器；19伺服电机；20小齿轮；21主动轴；22导磁体；23小线圈；24激光光斑中心。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。以电磁感应辅助直接激光沉积成形钛合金Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)和碳化钛TiC钛基复合材料(TMC)为例，给出具体的实施方式：
一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置与方法，实现线圈与激光头同步运动所述的装置如下：
所述的电磁感应加热同步辅助系统包括电磁感应电源主机4、电磁感应分机5、线圈6、转向调高机构7、从动轴8、横向滑槽9，电磁感应电源主机4与电磁感应分机5用电缆连接，电磁感应分机5固定在转向调高机构7的外齿圈16下方，线圈6接在电磁感应分机5输出端，线圈6与激光头13同步运动，实现沉积样件3小面积实时预热缓冷；所述的横向滑槽9固定在Y轴座板10上，从动轴8上端可以在横向滑槽9中水平移动，实现对特定区域的在线加热。
所述的转向调高机构7包括轴承15、外齿圈16、螺母套17、联轴器18、伺服电机19、小齿轮20、主动轴21；所述伺服电机19通过联轴器18与主动轴21连接，驱动主动轴21转动，主动轴21带动小齿轮20转动，与主动轴21配合的小齿轮20与外齿圈16啮合，外齿圈16带动电磁感应分机5转向，进而实现线圈6的定高度转向；所述的外齿圈16与轴承15外圈过盈连接，轴承15与从动轴8过渡配合，外齿圈16置于螺母套17上方，螺母套17与从动轴8下端通过螺纹连接，旋转螺母套17实现外齿圈16上下移动。
所述的线圈6由导磁体22和小线圈23组成，且小线圈左右各一个，关于激光光斑中心24对称，一个小线圈对基板2或沉积样件3预热，另一个小线圈对沉积样件3熔池后方凝固区域缓冷，且两个小线圈始终一前一后同步预热缓冷。
一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置与方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
将45～90μm的颗粒状TiC粉末与45～90μm的球形TC4粉末按照质量分数1:9机械混合均匀，混合粉末置于120℃烘干箱中干燥4h，烘干后，装入送粉筒。
将基板2用400目SiC砂纸打磨，用丙酮和酒精清洗并吹干后，固定在机床运动平台1上，且距激光头13下表面9mm。
调节线圈6的位置，使线圈6的中心和激光光斑中心24重合，线圈6与基板2的垂直距离为2mm，红外测温仪14与激光头13的夹角为50°。
设置激光增材制造工艺参数，激光功率P为450W，扫描速度V为300mm/min，单层提升量0.35mm，送粉量2.0g/min，相邻道之间搭接率45％；电磁感应电源输出功率6kW，振荡频率为150KHz。
打开电磁感应电源主机4，红外测温仪14，达到预热温度600℃时，开启激光器12、送粉器、保护气，开始多道多层钛基复合材料块体件成形。
第一层激光头13的运动方向沿X向，沉积完第一层后，激光头13的运动方向变为Y向，伺服电机19驱动小齿轮20转动，小齿轮20与外齿圈16啮合，外齿圈转动90°，带动线圈6转向90°，且机床运动平台1下降0.35mm，线圈6跟随激光头12做Y向运动，开始第二层的电磁感应同步辅助激光沉积成形。
第三层，激光头13扫描方向沿X向，机床运动平台1下降0.35mm，线圈6在继续按照上一步的转向原理，转向90°，线圈6跟随激光头13做X向运动，开始第三层的电磁感应同步辅助激光沉积成形，激光头12的扫描路径为双向交叉扫描，即奇数层沿X向，偶数层沿Y向，线圈6跟随激光头13扫描方向的变化而转向。
沉积完第20层后，由于热量的不断积累，调节电磁感应电源主机4的输出功率为6kW或者调节线圈6与沉积样件3的距离为3mm，使预热温度为500℃，继续按照双向交叉路径扫描沉积成形。
沉积完第40层后，由于热量的不断积累，调节电磁感应电源主机4的输出功率为5kW或者调节线圈6与沉积样件3的距离为4mm，使预热温度为400℃，继续按照双向交叉路径扫描沉积成形。
达到预定的扫描层数后，机床运动平台1停止运动，先关闭激光器12，再关闭电磁感应电源主机4，最后关闭红外测温仪14。
若要后期对沉积样件3上表面在线退火或者特定区域的退火处理，移开激光头13，调节从动轴8在横向滑槽9的水平位置，通过转向调高机构7调节线圈6的位置和高度；打开电磁感应电源主机4，设置输出功率，打开红外测温仪14，监测加热温度，对沉积样件3上表面在线退火或者特定区域的退火处理。
以上所述实施例仅表达本发明的实施方式，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利的范围的限制，应当指出，对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的装置，其特征在于，所述的装置能实现线圈与激光头同步运动，所述的装置如下：
    所述的电磁感应加热同步辅助系统包括电磁感应电源主机(4)、电磁感应分机(5)、线圈(6)、转向调高机构(7)、从动轴(8)、横向滑槽(9)；所述的电磁感应电源主机(4)与电磁感应分机(5)连接，电磁感应分机(5)固定在转向调高机构(7)的外齿圈(16)下方，线圈(6)接在电磁感应分机(5)输出端，通过转向调高机构(7)实现线圈(6)与激光头(13)同步运动，对沉积样件(3)小面积实时预热缓冷；所述的横向滑槽(9)固定在Y轴座板(10)上，从动轴(8)上端可以在横向滑槽(9)中水平移动，实现对特定区域的在线加热；
    所述的转向调高机构(7)包括轴承(15)、外齿圈(16)、螺母套(17)、联轴器(18)、伺服电机(19)、小齿轮(20)、主动轴(21)；所述伺服电机(19)通过联轴器(18)与主动轴(21)连接，驱动主动轴(21)转动，主动轴(21)带动小齿轮(20)转动，与主动轴(21)配合的小齿轮(20)与外齿圈(16)啮合，外齿圈(16)带动电磁感应分机(5)转向，即线圈(6)能够在伺服电机(19)的驱动下能够定高度灵活转向，在横向滑槽(9)和转向调高机构(7)作用下，跟随激光头(13)的扫描路径变化，实现复杂形状样件的电磁感应同步辅助激光增材制造，调节线圈(6)的位置，可以实现对沉积样件(3)的特定区域在线退火；
    所述的外齿圈(16)与轴承(15)外圈过盈连接，轴承(15)与从动轴(8)过渡配合，外齿圈(16)置于螺母套(17)上方，螺母套(17)与从动轴(8)下端通过螺纹连接，旋转螺母套(17)实现外齿圈(16)上下移动；
    所述的线圈(6)由导磁体(22)和小线圈(23)组成，且小线圈左右各一个，关于激光光斑中心(24)对称，一个小线圈对基板(2)或沉积样件(3)预热，另一个小线圈对沉积样件(3)熔池后方凝固区域缓冷，两个小线圈始终一前一后，实现同步预热缓冷；通过调节电磁感应电源主机(4)的输出功率大小和线圈(6)与沉积样件(3)上表面的距离，实现对基板和已沉积层温度梯度式预热、对熔池后方区域温度梯度式缓冷。
  2. 采用权利要求1所述的装置进行电磁感应加热辅助激光增材制造钛基复合材料的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括以下步骤：
    第一步，将打磨、清洗和吹干好的基板(2)固定在机床运动平台(1)上，且距离激光头(13)正下方8～10mm，将干燥混合均匀的粉末倒入送粉器中；
    第二步，移动从动轴(8)，转动螺母套(17)，使线圈(6)距离基板(2)上表面1mm～5mm，且线圈(6)的中心与激光光斑中心(24)重合；再打开电磁感应电源主机(4)、红外测温仪(14)， 对基板(2)进行预热；电磁感应输出功率为5kW～10kW，电磁感应频率为100KHz～200KHz，线圈作用面积为10mm 2～30mm 2，预热温度为400℃～650℃；
    第三步，设置激光增材制造工艺参数，打开激光器(12)，线圈(6)与激光头(13)沿X轴同步运动，开始电磁感应加热同步辅助激光增材制造第一层钛基复合材料，进行第一层沉积；
    第四步，当第一层沉积结束后，激光头(13)换向沿Y轴运动，伺服电机(19)通过转向调高机构(7)驱动外齿圈(16)转动90°，与外齿圈(16)固定连接的电磁感应分机(5)也转向90°，线圈(6)继续跟随激光头(13)同步运动，开始第二层熔化沉积，线圈(6)中位于激光头(13)前方的一个小线圈(23)对上一层预热，另一个小线圈对沉积样件(3)熔池后方凝固区域缓冷；
    保持激光增材制造工艺参数不变，激光头(13)继续按照权利要求2中的第三步和第四步的第一段所述步骤运动，直到完成钛基复合材料样件的激光增材制造，激光头(13)变扫描路径时，线圈(6)仍按照权利要求2中的第四步的第一段所述步骤转向，实现与激光头(13)的同步运动；
    所述的激光头(13)扫描路径换向时，线圈(6)在转向调高机构(7)带动下也转动相应的角度，且改变电磁感应电源主机(4)输出功率或者线圈(6)与沉积样件(3)的距离，实现温度梯度式变化加热；
    第五步，熔化沉积结束后，先关闭激光器(12)，再关闭电磁感应电源主机(4)，最后关闭红外测温仪(14)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的激光增材制造工艺参数包括激光功率、扫描速度、送粉量、单层提升量、道间搭接率，具体为：激光器(12)输出功率P为400W～600W，激光头(13)扫描速度V为350mm/min～500mm/min，送粉量为1.5g/min～4g/min，机床运动平台(1)单层下降高度为0.2mm～0.6mm，相邻道间搭接率为35％～45％。
  4. 根据权利要求1和2所述的装置或方法，其特征在于，红外测温仪(14)与激光头(13)呈30°～60°偏置。
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