WO2020151191A1 - 一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫 - Google Patents
一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020151191A1 WO2020151191A1 PCT/CN2019/093543 CN2019093543W WO2020151191A1 WO 2020151191 A1 WO2020151191 A1 WO 2020151191A1 CN 2019093543 W CN2019093543 W CN 2019093543W WO 2020151191 A1 WO2020151191 A1 WO 2020151191A1
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- foam
- gel foam
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/06—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places of highly inflammable material, e.g. light metals, petroleum products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/08—Rock dusting of mines; Depositing other protective substances
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the application field of coal mine fire prevention and extinguishing technology, in particular to an economical and environmentally friendly gel foam for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal.
- the slurry injected by the grouting fire-fighting technology accumulates in the lower part of the terrain, and the slurry cannot cover the floating coal uniformly, and cannot prevent the middle, high and roof coal bodies; physical inhibitors are cheap, but the resistance time is short Chemical inhibitors are relatively expensive; inert gas (C02, N2, etc.) injected by inert gas fire-fighting technology is easy to diffuse with air leakage and is not easy to stay in the injected area; foam stability is poor, it is difficult to achieve solidification, and the fire area cannot be closed for a long time ; Gel injection has great limitations in extinguishing fires.
- the gel has poor fluidity in the goaf and has a small penetration range, which is not suitable for extinguishing large-scale fires.
- the use cost of the gel is relatively high, and the ammonium salt gel will produce irritating gas, which is not conducive to the health of coal miners. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new type of fire-fighting material to solve the shortcomings of current coal mine fire-fighting technology.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide an economical and environmentally friendly gel foam for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal, wherein the foaming agent is compounded by two or more anionic foaming agents,
- the gel forming system used is water glass and coagulant, which has low cost and good economic benefits.
- the obtained gel foam will maintain the advantages of strong fluidity and good accumulation of the water-based foam before being gelled, and maintain the advantages of outstanding cooling effect of the water glass gel and good air leakage blocking effect after gelling.
- the fire extinguishing effect is good, it can significantly reduce the temperature of the fire source, the heat radiation and the amount of CO produced, and the fire extinguishing is stable without re-ignition.
- the present invention provides a preparation method of economical and environmentally friendly gel foam for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal and application of economical and environmentally friendly gel foam for preventing and preventing spontaneous combustion of coal.
- An economical and environmentally-friendly gel foam for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal in terms of weight percentage, including: water glass 4
- foaming agent 0.4%-3%, foam stabilizer 0.1%-3%, coagulant
- the balance is water; the foaming agent is compounded by two or more anionic foaming agents.
- the foaming agent is a combination of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate.
- the mass ratio of the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and the sodium lauryl sulfate is 1:4-4:1
- the foaming agent is compounded by two or more anionic foaming agents. Its gel foam gel forming mechanism:
- the molecular force of cationic foaming agents is smaller than that of anionic foaming agents (for example, sodium polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate), and the apparent viscosity is low.
- anionic foaming agents for example, sodium polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate
- the gas in the liquid film is easier to penetrate the film and cause bubble decay.
- anionic foaming agents are prone to form a double-layer arrangement of repelling molecules, so that the liquid film can maintain a certain thickness for a longer period of time, thus increasing the breakdown of the foam. Bubble half-life.
- anionic blowing agents compounded blowing agent such as compound fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and dodecyl sulfide Sodium as a foaming agent.
- compounded blowing agent such as compound fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate and dodecyl sulfide Sodium
- the surface tension of the solution is rapidly reduced, the surface energy is significantly reduced, and the foaming effect of the solution is significant
- the water glass solution reacts to form under the action of the coagulant Silicic acid, silicic acid is polymerized into polysilicic acid, which is then converted into gel as the foam wall.
- the gel foam covers the surface of the coal body to prevent the coal from contacting oxygen.
- the gel foam has a strong load-bearing and suspending capacity, and the gel foam with a high foaming ratio can be transported to high terrain, complex, and dangerous areas. Therefore, the gel foam can cover a large area of coal.
- the gel foam enhances the wettability of the media.
- the compound foaming agent can improve the wettability of coal.
- the specific heat capacity of water is larger than that of coal, so the temperature of coal body rises slowly under the action of water. The possibility of coal spontaneous combustion is greatly reduced.
- the Baume degree of the water glass is 20-40, and the modulus is 2-4.
- the coagulant is one or more of potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, gluconate-6-lactone, ammonium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.
- the mass ratio of the water glass and the coagulant is 5-10:1.
- the foam stabilizer is a modified silicone resin polyether emulsion, carboxymethyl cellulose, triethanolamine, two One or more of ethanolamine, coconut oil betaine and polyethylene glycol.
- a preparation method of economical and environmentally friendly gel foam for preventing spontaneous combustion of coal including the following steps:
- the foaming agent used has a synergistic effect after being compounded and can significantly increase the foaming volume of the solution;
- the preparation raw materials used are green and economical, non-toxic and harmless during use, controllable gelation time, good gelation time, economical and environmentally friendly, and can effectively solve traditional inorganic silicone gels with poor fluidity, low permeability, and poor stackability And other problems, as well as solving the problems of poor cooling effect of water-based foam in the fire extinguishing process and short half-life of foam collapse;
- the gel forming system composed of the coagulant and water glass used has good gelation effect, low cost, and environmental protection.
- the gel forming time is controlled within 3-30 minutes according to the different amounts of the two.
- the gel wall formed between the foams Greatly improve the stability and water retention of the foam, the formed foam lasts for water retention, and the foam half-life can reach more than 5h;
- the foaming agent, foam stabilizer, gel forming system and water are mixed and stirred and then foamed.
- the gel foam After the gel foam is injected into the combustible coal area of the goaf through the foamer, the gel foam can quickly accumulate to a high position. In the injected area, coal of different heights can be effectively covered, can effectively bond the coal body, cool the remaining coal, and form an oxygen barrier film on the surface of the remaining coal after the foam bursts, which is durable and effective Prevent coal spontaneous combustion; its gel foam is economical and environmentally friendly gel foam, which can not only prevent coal spontaneous combustion, but also will not deteriorate the working environment in the mine, and will not produce toxic and harmful gases.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the spontaneous combustion process of coal samples treated with gel foam, water glass gel and water-based foam under temperature programming;
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in CO concentration with time after gel foam, water glass gel and water-based foam are sprayed on the surface of burning briquettes;
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature change of the briquettes with time after gel foam, water glass gel and water-based foam are sprayed on the surface of the burning briquettes;
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes in the thermal radiation value of the briquettes over time after the gel foam, water glass gel and water-based foam are sprayed on the surface of the burning briquettes.
- the concentrations of the foaming agent, the foam stabilizer, and the gel forming system of the present invention are all suitable concentration ranges that have been screened.
- the concentration range can be appropriately adjusted according to the actual situation, and the content of the three substances is appropriately increased or decreased.
- the gel forming system is a mixture of coagulant and water glass. Within the range of mass concentration, appropriately increasing the mass concentration of foaming agent, foam stabilizer and gel forming system will improve the effect of foaming into gel.
- the mass concentration of the modified silicone resin polyether emulsion is 0.25%, the mass concentration of water glass is 15%, the mass concentration of NaHC03 is 1%, and the rest is water.
- the water glass is mixed with deionized water, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, modified silicone resin polyether emulsion and NaHC03 are sequentially added to the mixed solution , Stir mechanically at a rotational speed greater than 1000r/min for more than 1 min, and use Waring-Blender stirring method to foam to form gel foam.
- the mass concentration of the modified silicone resin polyether emulsion is 0.25%
- the mass concentration of water glass is 12%
- the mass concentration of NaHC03 is 2%
- the rest is water.
- the mass concentration of the modified silicone resin polyether emulsion is 0.25%, the mass concentration of water glass is 10%, the mass concentration of NaHC03 is 5%, and the rest is water.
- the water glass is mixed with deionized water, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, modified silicone resin polyether emulsion and NaHC03 are sequentially added to the mixed solution , Stir mechanically at a rotational speed greater than 1000r/min for more than 1 min, and use Waring-Blender stirring method to foam to form gel foam.
- the mass concentration of the modified silicone resin polyether emulsion is 0.25%
- the mass concentration of water glass is 11%
- the mass concentration of NaHC03 is 6%
- the rest is water.
- the water glass is mixed with deionized water, and the mixture is stirred to obtain a mixed solution; the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, modified silicone resin polyether emulsion and NaHC03 are sequentially added to the mixed solution , Stir mechanically at a rotational speed greater than 1000r/min for more than 1 min, and use Waring-Blender stirring method to foam to form gel foam.
- the mass concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose is 0.1%
- the mass concentration of water glass is 35%
- the mass concentration of potassium bicarbonate is 5%
- the rest is water.
- water glass is mixed with deionized water, and stirred to obtain a mixed solution; adding fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, carboxymethyl cellulose, and potassium bicarbonate into the mixed solution in sequence , Stir mechanically at a rotational speed greater than 1000r/min for more than 1 min, and use Waring-Blender stirring method to foam to form gel foam.
- the obtained gel foam was sprayed on the surface of burning briquettes, and the temperature, thermal radiation and CO concentration changes with time during the fire extinguishing process were investigated. The results showed that the prepared gel foam has good fire extinguishing effect.
- the mass concentration of coconut oil betaine is 3%, the mass concentration of water glass is 4%, the mass concentration of gluconate-S-lactone is 1%, and the rest is water.
- the water glass is mixed with deionized water, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, coconut oil betaine and glucono-6-lactone are sequentially added
- the mixed solution is mechanically stirred at a rotation speed greater than 1000 r/min for more than 1 min, and the Waring-Blender mixing method is used for foaming to form a gel foam.
- the obtained gel foam was sprayed on the surface of the burning briquettes, and the temperature, thermal radiation and CO concentration changes over time during the fire extinguishing process were investigated. The results showed that the prepared gel foam has good fire extinguishing effect.
- the obtained gel foam was sprayed on the surface of the burning briquettes, and the temperature, thermal radiation and CO concentration changes over time during the fire extinguishing process were investigated. The results showed that the prepared gel foam has good fire extinguishing effect.
- the water glass is mixed with deionized water, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a mixed solution; add fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine and sodium carbonate to the mixed solution in sequence, so as to be greater than 1000r /min mechanical stirring for more than 1min, using Waring-Blender stirring method for foaming to form gel foam.
- the obtained gel foam was sprayed on the surface of burning briquettes, and the temperature, thermal radiation and CO concentration changes with time during the fire extinguishing process were investigated. The results showed that the prepared gel foam had good fire extinguishing effect.
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Abstract
一种防治煤炭自燃的凝胶泡沫,按重量百分含量包括:水玻璃4%-35%、发泡剂0.4%-3%、稳泡剂0.1%-3%、促凝剂1%-5%,余量为水;其中发泡剂是由两种或两种以上阴离子型发泡剂复配而成。所述凝胶泡沫在成胶前具有水基泡沫流动性强、堆积性好的优点,成胶后又具有水玻璃凝胶降温效果突出、堵漏风效果好的优点,其阻化和灭火效果良好,可显著降低火源温度、热辐射和CO的产生量,灭火稳定,不会出现复燃现象。
Description
一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及煤矿井防灭火技术应用领域, 具体涉及一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环 保型凝胶泡沫。
背景技术
[0002] 煤炭自燃严重威胁着煤矿的安全生产, 会造成人员伤亡, 财产损失, 环境污染 等问题。 为防治煤炭自燃, 国内外广泛采用采空区灌浆、 喷洒阻化剂、 注惰性 气体、 注泡沫及注凝胶等防灭火技术。 这些技术在防治煤炭自燃过程中发挥着 重要作用, 但仍然存在一些尚未解决的问题。 例如, 灌浆防灭火技术注入的浆 液积聚于地势较低部位, 浆液不能均匀地覆盖浮煤, 对中、 高及顶板煤体起不 到防治作用; 物理阻化剂价格便宜, 但是阻化时间短, 化学阻化剂价格比较昂 贵; 惰性气体防灭火技术注入的惰性气 (C02、 N2等) 易随漏风扩散, 不易滞 留在注入的区域内; 泡沫稳定性差, 难以实现固化, 不能长期封闭火区; 注凝 胶灭火存在很大的局限性, 凝胶在采空区中的流动性较差, 渗透范围小, 不适 合扑灭大范围的火灾。 此外, 凝胶的使用成本较高, 铵盐凝胶会产生刺激性气 体, 不利于煤矿工人的身体健康。 因此, 迫切需要研发一种新型的防灭火材料 来解决当前煤矿防灭火技术的不足之处。
[0003] 为了有效地防止煤炭自燃, 研究人员设计了一种由粉煤灰、 发泡剂、 增稠剂、 交联剂和 N2组成的多相凝胶泡沫复合材料, 研究了聚合物的配比及浓度、 发泡 剂的浓度和粉煤灰粒径对多相凝胶泡沫性能的影响。 研究人员通过玉米秸秆、 2- 丙烯酰胺 -2 -甲基丙磺酸与丙烯酸接枝共聚形成复合水凝胶, 然后加入化学发泡 剂和可膨胀石墨, 形成自发泡智能凝胶。 研究人员以复配发泡剂、 稳泡剂和高 吸水性凝胶为原料, 通过机械搅拌形成凝胶泡沫。 在这些研究试验中, 研究者 选用的多为高分子凝胶体系, 水玻璃凝胶受到较小的关注。 然而, 高分子凝胶 泡沫的成本较高, 极大地限制了此类材料在煤矿防灭火方面的应用。 因此, 制 备一种经济环保的凝胶泡沫对防治煤炭自燃具有重要意义。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0004] 针对上述现有技术问题, 本发明的目的是提供一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型 凝胶泡沫, 其发泡剂采用两种或两种以上阴离子型发泡剂复配而成, 所采用的 成胶体系为水玻璃和促凝剂, 成本低, 具有良好的经济效益。 所得到的凝胶泡 沫在成胶前将保持水基泡沫流动性强、 堆积性好的优点, 成胶后又保持水玻璃 凝胶降温效果突出、 堵漏风效果好的优点, 其阻化和灭火效果良好, 可显著降 低火源温度、 热辐射和 CO的产生量, 灭火稳定, 不会出现复燃现象。
[0005] 另外, 本发明提供了一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫的制备方法以及 防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫的应用。
[0006] 本发明采用以下的技术方案:
[0007] 一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 按重量百分含量, 包括: 水玻璃 4
[0008] 进一步地, 所述发泡剂是由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠复配而 成。
[0009] 进一步地, 所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠的质量比为 1:4-4: 1
[0010] 上述技术方案中, 发泡剂采用两种或两种以上阴离子型发泡剂复配而成。 其凝 胶泡沫成胶机理:
[0011] 因为分子结构上的差异, 阳离子起泡剂的分子作用力比阴离子起泡剂 (例如: 脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠) 小, 表观黏性低, 液膜内气体比 较容易穿透膜导致气泡衰变。 此外, 由于分子链中亲水端和疏水端的结构特殊 性, 阴离子发泡剂容易形成相斥的分子双层排布, 使液膜能够在更长时间内保 持一定厚度, 因此增加了泡沫的破泡半衰期。 所以, 选择两种或两种以上阴离 子型发泡剂复配的发泡剂, 例如复配的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和十二烷基硫
酸钠作为发泡剂。 在凝胶泡沫溶液发泡阶段, 溶液的表面张力迅速降低, 表界 面能量显著降低, 溶液发泡效果显著; 在凝胶泡沫溶液成胶阶段, 水玻璃溶液 在促凝剂的作用下发生反应生成硅酸, 硅酸聚合成聚硅酸, 再转化成凝胶作为 泡沫壁。
[0012] 具体涉及的反应方程式见 (a) 和 (b) 式所示:
[0013] 凝胶泡沫防治煤炭自燃的机理主要通过以下四种途径:
[0014] 1、 凝胶泡沫覆盖在煤体表面, 阻止煤与氧气的接触。 该凝胶泡沫有较强的承 载和悬浮能力, 高发泡倍数的凝胶泡沫能输送到地势高、 复杂、 危险的区域。 因此, 凝胶泡沫能够覆盖大面积的煤体。
[0015] 2、 凝胶泡沫增强媒体的润湿性。 复配的发泡剂能提高煤体的润湿性。 水的比 热容比煤大, 因此, 煤体的温度在水的作用下缓慢上升。 煤自燃的可能性大大 降低。
[0016] 3、 蒸发和冷却吸收热量。 水蒸发吸收大量热量, 发泡体积大, 散热快。 凝胶 泡沫具有良好的导热性和渗透性。 它甚至可以冷却煤体。
[0017] 4、 优良的堵漏风效果。 泡沫破裂后, 凝胶泡沫凝胶化, 煤体裂隙和孔隙中充 满凝胶。 因此, 具有良好的堵漏风效果。
[0018] 进一步地, 所述水玻璃的波美度为 20-40, 模数为 2-4。
[0019] 进一步地, 所述促凝剂为碳酸氢钾、 碳酸氢钠、 葡萄糖酸 -6 -内酯、 碳酸氢铵和 碳酸钠中的一种或几种。
[0020] 进一步地, 所述水玻璃和促凝剂的质量比为 5-10: 1。
[0021] 进一步地, 所述稳泡剂为改性硅树脂聚醚乳液、 羧甲基纤维素、 三乙醇胺、 二
乙醇胺、 椰子油甜菜碱和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种。
[0022] 一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫的制备方法, 包括以下步骤:
[0023] ( 1) 将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 4%-35%, 搅拌均匀得到 混合溶液;
[0024] (2) 将发泡剂、 稳泡剂和促凝剂依次加入混合溶液中, 以大于 1000r/min的转 速机械搅拌, 最终形成凝胶泡沫。
[0025] 一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫的应用, 将凝胶泡沫用于注入矿井下 采空区防治煤炭自燃, 将水玻璃、 发泡剂、 稳泡剂和促凝剂混合发泡后形成的 凝胶泡沫注入采空区, 覆盖于煤体表面后形成降温隔氧的泡沫层。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0026] 所使用的发泡剂进行复配后具有协同作用, 能够显著增加溶液的发泡体积;
[0027] 所用的制备原料绿色经济, 使用过程中无毒无害, 成胶时间可控, 胶凝时间良 好, 经济环保, 能够有效解决传统无机硅凝胶流动性差、 渗透性低、 可堆积性 差等问题, 以及解决水基泡沫在灭火过程中存在的降温效果差, 泡沫破灭半衰 期短的问题;
[0028] 可以覆盖在煤体裂隙, 达到很好的堵漏、 降温、 隔氧效果, 相对传统水玻璃凝 胶和水基泡沫灭火材料, 其能粘附在燃烧煤体的表面, 能显著降低火源温度、 热辐射和 CO的产生量, 灭火稳定, 不会出现复燃现象;
[0029] 所使用的促凝剂和水玻璃组成的成胶体系胶凝效果良好、 成本低、 绿色环保, 成胶时间根据两者用量的不同控制在 3-30min, 泡沫间形成的凝胶壁, 极大地提 高了泡沫的稳定性和保水性, 形成的泡沫持久保水, 泡沫半衰期可达 5h以上;
[0030] 将发泡剂、 稳泡剂、 成胶体系和水混合搅拌后发泡, 通过发泡器将凝胶泡沫注 入采空区煤炭易燃区域后, 凝胶泡沫可快速向高位堆积, 在所灌注的区域内, 对不同高度的煤炭均可有效地覆盖, 能够有效地粘结煤体, 对遗煤进行降温, 泡沫破灭后能在遗煤的表面形成一层隔氧膜, 持久有效地防治煤炭自燃; 其凝 胶泡沫为经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 不仅能够很好地防治煤炭自燃, 而且不会恶化 矿井下的工作环境, 不会产生有毒有害气体。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0031] 图 1为凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶和水基泡沫处理的煤样在程序升温下模拟煤的自 燃过程图;
[0032] 图 2为凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶及水基泡沫喷洒在燃烧煤球表面后 CO浓度随时间 变化图;
[0033] 图 3为凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶及水基泡沫喷洒在燃烧煤球表面后煤球温度随时 间变化图;
[0034] 图 4为凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶及水基泡沫喷洒在燃烧煤球表面后煤球热辐射值 随时间变化图。
发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0035] 本发明的发泡剂、 稳泡剂、 成胶体系的浓度均为经过筛选的适宜浓度范围, 该 浓度范围可根据实际情况进行适当的调整, 适当的增加或者减少三种物质的含 量。 其中成胶体系为促凝剂和水玻璃的混合物。 在质量浓度范围内, 适当的增 加发泡剂、 稳泡剂和成胶体系的质量浓度, 发泡成胶的效果会有所改善。
[0036] 实施例 1
[0037] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二烷基硫酸钠 =1:1)的质量浓度为 0.8%, 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液的质 量浓度为 0.25%, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 15%, NaHC03的质量浓度为 1%, 其余为 水。
[0038] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液和 NaHC03依次加入混合液中, 以大于 1000r/min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行发 泡, 形成凝胶泡沫。
[0039] 煤球在自制的燃烧炉中燃烧 10min后, 分别将等量的 (300-600ml) 凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶溶液及水基泡沫喷洒在燃烧煤球表面。
[0040] 将经过凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶和水基泡沫处理过的煤样在相同的条件下放置 24
h, 采用程序升温试验模拟煤的自燃过程。 其结果见图 1所示。 在同一温度下, 经凝胶泡沫处理过的煤样 CO的释放量最低。 比较原煤样和各阻化煤样在 150°C时 CO的释放量, 计算得出凝胶泡沫在 150°C时的阻化率为 Eco=77.58%, 说明本发 明的凝胶泡沫具有良好的防治煤炭自燃的效果。
[0041] 分别将等量的 (300-600ml) 凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶溶液及水基泡沫喷洒在燃 烧煤球表面, 其 CO浓度随时间变化见图 2所示。 结果显示喷洒凝胶泡沫后的煤球 CO的释放量显著降低, 灭火后期 CO释放量趋于 20PPm左右。 说明本发明的凝胶 泡沫具有良好的灭火效果。
[0042] 分别将等量的 (300-600ml) 凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶溶液及水基泡沫喷洒在燃 烧煤球表面, 其煤球温度随时间变化图见图 3所示。 结果显示喷洒凝胶泡沫后的 煤球温度显著降低, 灭火后期温度持续降低, 没有出现复燃现象。 说明本发明 的凝胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效果。
[0043] 分别将等量的 (300-600ml) 凝胶泡沫、 水玻璃凝胶溶液及水基泡沫喷洒在燃 烧煤球表面, 其结果见图 4所示。 结果发现喷洒凝胶泡沫后的煤球热辐射值显著 降低, 灭火后期热辐射值稳定在 7mW/m>min, 没有出现复燃现象。 说明本发明 的凝胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效果。
[0044] 实施例 2
[0045] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二烷基硫酸钠 =1:1)的质量浓度为 0.8%, 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液的质 量浓度为 0.25%, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 12%, NaHC03的质量浓度为 2%, 其余为 水。
[0046] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液和 NaHC03依次加入混合液中, 以大于 1000r/min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行发 泡, 形成凝胶泡沫。
[0047] 采用与实施例 1相同的方法, 喷洒凝胶泡沫后煤球的温度下降了 65.52%, 灭火 后期温度持续降低; 热辐射值最终稳定在 10mW/m>min; 灭火过程中 CO浓度迅 速下降, 后期出现波动现象, CO浓度最终稳定在 30ppm左右, 说明本发明的凝
胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效果。
[0048] 实施例 3
[0049] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二烷基硫酸钠 =1:1)的质量浓度为 0.8%, 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液的质 量浓度为 0.25%, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 10%, NaHC03的质量浓度为 5%, 其余为 水。
[0050] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液和 NaHC03依次加入混合液中, 以大于 1000r/min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行发 泡, 形成凝胶泡沫。
[0051] 采用与实施例 1相同的方法, 喷洒凝胶泡沫后煤球的温度下降了 61.36%, 灭火 后期温度持续降低; 热辐射值最终稳定在 12mW/m>min; 灭火过程中 CO浓度迅 速下降, 后期出现波动现象, CO浓度最终稳定在 26ppm左右, 说明本发明的凝 胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效果。
[0052] 实施例 4
[0053] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二烷基硫酸钠 =1:1)的质量浓度为 0.8%, 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液的质 量浓度为 0.25%, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 11%, NaHC03的质量浓度为 6%, 其余为 水。
[0054] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 改性硅树脂聚醚乳液和 NaHC03依次加入混合液中, 以大于 1000r/min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行发 泡, 形成凝胶泡沫。
[0055] 采用与实施例 1相同的方法, 喷洒凝胶泡沫后煤球的温度下降了 63.12%, 灭火 后期温度持续降低; 热辐射值最终稳定在 9mW/m>min; 灭火过程中 CO浓度迅 速下降, 后期出现波动现象, CO浓度最终稳定在 27:pPm左右, 说明本发明的凝 胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效果。
[0056] 实施例 5
[0057] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二烷基硫酸钠 =1:4)的质量浓度为 0.4%, 羧甲基纤维素的质量浓度 为 0.1%, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 35%, 碳酸氢钾的质量浓度为 5%, 其余为水。
[0058] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 羧甲基纤维素和碳酸氢钾依次加入混合液中, 以大 于 1000r/min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行发泡, 形成凝胶泡沫。
[0059] 将所制得的凝胶泡沫喷洒在燃烧的煤球表面, 考察其在灭火过程中的温度、 热 辐射和 CO浓度随时间变化情况, 结果显示所制得的凝胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效 果。
[0060] 实施例 6
[0061] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二焼基硫酸钠 =4:1)
的质量浓度为 3%, 椰子油甜菜碱的质量浓度为 3%, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 4%, 葡萄糖酸 -S-内酯的质量浓度为 1%, 其余为水。
[0062] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 椰子油甜菜碱和葡萄糖酸 -6 -内酯依次加入混合液中 , 以大于 1000r/min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行 发泡, 形成凝胶泡沫。
[0063] 将所制得的凝胶泡沫喷洒在燃烧的煤球表面, 考察其在灭火过程中的温度、 热 辐射和 CO浓度随时间变化情况, 结果显示所制得的凝胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效 果。
[0064] 实施例 7
[0065] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二烷基硫酸钠 =1:3)的质量浓度为 2%, 三乙醇胺的质量浓度为 1.5% , 水玻璃的质量浓度为 20%, 碳酸氢铵的质量浓度为 4%, 其余为水。
[0066] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 三乙醇胺和碳酸氢铵依次加入混合液中, 以大于 100
Or/min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行发泡, 形成凝 胶泡沫。
[0067] 将所制得的凝胶泡沫喷洒在燃烧的煤球表面, 考察其在灭火过程中的温度、 热 辐射和 CO浓度随时间变化情况, 结果显示所制得的凝胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效 果。
[0068] 实施例 8
[0069] 按照经济环保型凝胶泡沫基液质量为 100g, 准备复配发泡剂 (脂肪醇聚氧乙烯 醚硫酸钠: 十二烷基硫酸钠 =3:1)的质量浓度为 1%, 二乙醇胺的质量浓度为 0.8% , 水玻璃的质量浓度为 10%, 碳酸钠的质量浓度为 1%, 其余为水。
[0070] 首先将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 搅拌均匀得到混合溶液; 将脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚 硫酸钠、 十二烷基硫酸钠、 二乙醇胺和碳酸钠依次加入混合液中, 以大于 1000r/ min的转速机械搅拌 lmin以上, 采用 Waring - Blender搅拌法进行发泡, 形成凝胶 泡沫。
[0071] 将所制得的凝胶泡沫喷洒在燃烧的煤球表面, 考察其在灭火过程中的温度、 热 辐射和 CO浓度随时间变化情况, 结果显示所制得的凝胶泡沫具有良好的灭火效 果。
[0072] 当然, 上述说明并非是对本发明的限制, 本发明也并不仅限于上述举例, 本技 术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、 改型、 添加或替换, 也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims
[权利要求 1] 一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 其特征在于, 包括: 水玻 璃 4%-35%、 发泡剂 0.4%-3%、 稳泡剂 0.1%-3%、 促凝剂 1%-5%, 余量 为水; 所述发泡剂是由两种或两种以上阴离子型发泡剂复配而成。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 其 特征在于, 所述发泡剂是由脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸 钠复配而成。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 其 特征在于, 所述脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠的质量比 为 1:4-4: 1。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 其 特征在于, 所述水玻璃的波美度为 20-40, 模数为 2-4。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 其 特征在于, 所述促凝剂为碳酸氢钾、 碳酸氢钠、 葡萄糖酸 -6 -内酯、 碳酸氢铵和碳酸钠中的一种或几种。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1、 4或 5所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡 沫, 其特征在于, 所述水玻璃和促凝剂的质量比为 5-10: 1。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫, 其 特征在于, 所述稳泡剂为改性硅树脂聚醚乳液、 羧甲基纤维素、 三乙 醇胺、 二乙醇胺、 椰子油甜菜碱和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫的制 备方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下步骤:
( 1) 将水玻璃与去离子水混合, 水玻璃的质量浓度为 4%-35%, 搅拌 均匀得到混合溶液;
(2) 将发泡剂、 稳泡剂和促凝剂依次加入混合溶液中, 以大于 1000r /min的转速机械搅拌, 最终形成凝胶泡沫。
[权利要求 9] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫的应 用, 其特征在于, 将凝胶泡沫用于注入矿井下采空区防治煤炭自燃,
将水玻璃、 发泡剂、 稳泡剂和促凝剂混合发泡后形成的凝胶泡沫注入 釆空区, 覆盖于煤体表面后形成降温隔氧的泡沫层。
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| CN (1) | CN109899104A (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2757302C1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2020151191A1 (zh) |
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| CN109899104A (zh) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-06-18 | 山东科技大学 | 一种防治煤炭自燃的经济环保型凝胶泡沫 |
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| CN117839144A (zh) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种凝胶泡沫灭火剂及其制备方法和使用方法 |
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| CN117839145A (zh) * | 2023-12-26 | 2024-04-09 | 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 | 一种煤矸石基惰性气体发泡复合防灭火材料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN109899104A (zh) | 2019-06-18 |
| RU2757302C1 (ru) | 2021-10-13 |
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