WO2020147809A1 - 蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车 - Google Patents

蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020147809A1
WO2020147809A1 PCT/CN2020/072660 CN2020072660W WO2020147809A1 WO 2020147809 A1 WO2020147809 A1 WO 2020147809A1 CN 2020072660 W CN2020072660 W CN 2020072660W WO 2020147809 A1 WO2020147809 A1 WO 2020147809A1
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Prior art keywords
cmc
battery
group
msd
monitoring system
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PCT/CN2020/072660
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
傅焱辉
楚乐
郭中良
李前邓
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宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司
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Priority to EP20742098.5A priority Critical patent/EP3795411B1/en
Priority to ES20742098T priority patent/ES2930205T3/es
Publication of WO2020147809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020147809A1/zh
Priority to US17/123,017 priority patent/US20210104781A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of battery monitoring, and in particular to a battery monitoring system, battery pack, and electric vehicle.
  • surge voltage will be generated during the process of plugging and unplugging the MSD, and the generated surge voltage may damage the chip on the CMC, causing the CMC to be unable to perform damage to the battery cells in the battery. Accurate monitoring can even lead to the paralysis of the entire communication link.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of this application is to provide a battery monitoring system, battery pack, and electric vehicle, to avoid possible damage to the chip on the CMC during the plugging and unplugging process of the MSD, and to facilitate the CMC to accurately perform the accuracy of the battery cells in the battery. Monitoring to ensure the normal operation of the entire communication link.
  • Each CMC group communicates with the BMU through a daisy chain bus; the preset condition is: each CMC group
  • the battery cells corresponding to each CMC in the CMC are connected in series to form a battery cell group corresponding to the CMC group, and the MSD is connected between two adjacent battery cell groups.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a battery pack, which includes a battery and the foregoing battery monitoring system.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides an electric vehicle, including: the above-mentioned battery pack.
  • the monitoring system also includes several daisy chain buses.
  • the number of CMC groups and daisy chain buses are equal and correspond to each other.
  • Each CMC group communicates with the BMU through a daisy chain bus;
  • the preset condition is: the battery cells corresponding to each CMC in each CMC group are connected in series and form the battery cell group corresponding to the CMC group, and the MSD is connected in the adjacent Between two battery cell groups.
  • This circuit connection method makes it impossible to form a loop at the moment of plugging and unplugging the MSD, and thus unable to generate surge voltage, avoiding possible damage to the chip on the CMC during the plugging and unplugging of the MSD, which is beneficial to the CMC to the battery in the battery
  • the unit performs accurate monitoring to ensure the normal operation of the entire communication link.
  • the battery cell group connected to the MSD is referred to as the first battery cell group
  • the CMC group corresponding to the first battery cell group is referred to as the first CMC group
  • the CMC corresponding to the battery cell connected to the MSD in the first battery cell group Denoted as the first CMC; in the first CMC group, the first CMC and its adjacent CMC are voltage-isolated by an isolation transformer.
  • an isolation transformer between the first CMC and its adjacent CMC, it is possible to further avoid damage to the chip on the CMC that may be caused by the surge voltage during the MSD plugging process.
  • each CMC group two adjacent CMCs are voltage-isolated by an isolation transformer.
  • an isolation transformer is set between two adjacent CMCs for voltage isolation, which can further avoid damage to the chip on the CMC due to the surge voltage during the MSD plugging process.
  • the CMC at the lowest potential is directly connected to the BMU, and in the other CMC group, the CMC at the highest potential is directly connected to the BMU.
  • This connection method facilitates the layout and installation of the battery cells and the wiring harness in the battery pack, and reduces the length of the connection line between the battery cells.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an example of a battery monitoring system according to the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a battery monitoring system according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a battery monitoring system according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring system in the prior art
  • FIG. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a battery monitoring system according to Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring system according to a second embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring system according to a third embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic block diagram of a battery pack provided according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.
  • the first embodiment of the present application relates to a battery monitoring system, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the battery includes n battery cells and at least one manual maintenance switch MSD.
  • the n battery cells are connected in series and the MSD is connected between two adjacent battery cells;
  • the monitoring system includes a battery management module BMU (Battery Management Unit, referred to as "BMU") )
  • BMU Battery Management Unit
  • CMC Cell Monitoring Unit
  • the number of CMC and battery cells are equal and connected in one-to-one correspondence;
  • n CMCs are divided into several CMC groups meeting preset conditions, the monitoring system also includes several daisy chain buses, CMC group Equal to the number of daisy chain buses and one-to-one correspondence, each CMC group communicates with the BMU through a daisy chain bus;
  • the preset condition is: the battery cells corresponding to each CMC in each CMC group are connected in series and form the CMC group For the corresponding battery cell group, MSD is connected between two adjacent battery cell groups.
  • the embodiment of the present application replaces the single-chain communication between the CMC and the BMU with the multi-chain communication, and multiple CMC groups communicate with the BMU through an independent daisy chain bus, so that There is no connection relationship between the CMC groups.
  • This circuit connection method makes it impossible to form a loop at the moment of plugging and unplugging the MSD, and thus unable to generate surge voltage, avoiding possible damage to the chip on the CMC during the plugging and unplugging of the MSD, which is beneficial to the CMC to the battery in the battery
  • the unit performs accurate monitoring to ensure the normal operation of the entire communication link.
  • the storage battery includes n battery cells connected in series in sequence, and the specific value of n can be set according to actual conditions. And they are M1 to Mx, Mx+1 to Mn, respectively.
  • the potentials of the n battery cells connected in series increase sequentially from M1 to Mn.
  • the two battery cells at both ends are the battery cell with the highest potential and the battery cell with the lowest potential.
  • M1 is the lowest potential of the battery.
  • Battery unit, Mn is the highest potential battery unit of the battery. However, it is not limited to this. In other examples, M1 may be the highest potential battery cell, and Mn may be the lowest potential battery cell.
  • Xcap represents the equivalent capacitance with the battery pack or the vehicle system, where the battery is arranged in the battery pack.
  • the storage battery is connected to the load, and the storage battery is used to supply power to the load (such as an electric vehicle).
  • the battery also includes at least one manual maintenance switch MSD.
  • MSD manual maintenance switch
  • the battery includes only one MSD, and the MSD is set between adjacent Mx and Mx+1 to ensure a high-voltage circuit between the battery and the load. Safe breaking.
  • x is an integer greater than 1 and less than n, and the value of x can be set as required, that is, MSD can be inserted between any two adjacent battery units among the n battery units.
  • n battery cells are divided into two battery cell groups, M1 ⁇ Mx are a battery cell group, denoted as battery cell group 1, M x+1 ⁇ Mn are a battery cell group, denoted as battery cell group 2; That is, in this embodiment, the number of battery cell groups is one more than the number of MSDs. It should be noted that this implementation does not impose any restrictions on the number of MSDs; in practical applications, if the battery contains more battery cells and has higher safety requirements for the battery, the battery can also include multiple MSDs, and each MSD is connected Between any two adjacent battery cells among n battery cells; at this time, the number of battery cell groups is related to the number of MSDs. For example, when the number of MSDs is 2, the number of battery cell groups can be 3 When the number of MSDs is 3, the number of battery cell groups can be 4. Therefore, in this embodiment, the number of battery cell groups is one more than the number of MSDs.
  • n CMCs are respectively CMC1 to CMCx, CMCx+1 to CMCn, n CMCs correspond to n battery cells one to one, and each CMC is connected to its corresponding battery cell for monitoring its corresponding battery cell.
  • the operating parameter of the battery unit may be, for example, battery cell voltage, temperature, and the like.
  • CMCs are divided into several CMC groups that meet preset conditions.
  • the preset conditions are: the battery cells corresponding to each CMC in each CMC group are connected in series and form the battery cell group corresponding to the CMC group, and the MSD is connected adjacent Between two battery cell groups. That is, the CMC corresponding to each battery cell in each battery cell group forms a CMC group.
  • the battery cells M1 to Mx in the battery cell group 1 correspond to CMC1 to CMCx respectively, then CMC1 ⁇ CMCx forms a CMC group and is denoted as CMC group 1.
  • Each battery cell Mx+1 ⁇ Mn in this battery unit group 2 corresponds to CMC x+1 ⁇ CMCn respectively, then CMCx+1 ⁇ CMCn is a CMC Group, and record it as CMC group 2.
  • the number of CMC groups is one more than the number of MSDs.
  • the battery monitoring system includes two daisy-chain buses, the two daisy-chain buses correspond to two CMC groups respectively, and each CMC group is connected to the BMU through its corresponding daisy-chain bus.
  • the value of x determines the number of battery cells in each battery cell group, that is, determines the number of CMCs in each CMC group, because each CMC group is connected by a daisy chain bus
  • There will be line loss to the BMU and the more the number of CMCs in each CMC group, the longer the daisy chain bus, the greater the line loss. Therefore, the number of CMCs in CMC group 1 and the number of CMCs in CMC group 2 are better.
  • each daisy-chain bus in this embodiment is a differential daisy-chain bus, which is beneficial to improving communication quality and improving robustness and electromagnetic compatibility.
  • CMC1 and CMCx are the lowest and highest potentials in CMC group 1, respectively, and CMCx+1 and CMCn are the lowest and highest potentials in CMC group 2, respectively.
  • CMC1 at the lowest potential is directly connected to the BMU, and in CMC group 2, CMCn at the highest potential is directly connected to the BMU; this connection method facilitates the layout of battery cells and wiring harnesses in the battery pack Installation, reduce the length of the connection line between the battery units.
  • one of CMC1 and CMCx can be directly connected to BMU; in CMC group 2, one of CMCx+1 and CMCn can be directly connected to BMU.
  • Figure 1 shows an example in this embodiment, where a transformer T1 is provided between CMC1 and BMU in CMC group 1, and voltage isolation is achieved through transformer T1; all CMCs in CMC group 1 are connected to the common ground , Through the common ground connection to achieve voltage isolation between adjacent CMC.
  • a transformer T2 is set between CMCn and BMU in CMC group 2, and voltage isolation is achieved through transformer T2; each CMC in CMC group 2 is connected to the common ground, and the common ground connection is used to realize the communication between adjacent CMCs. Voltage isolation.
  • the BMU may include a communication converter and a microcontroller unit MCU (Microcontroller Unit, "MCU” for short); that is, CMC1 in CMC group 1 and CMCn in CMC group 2 are respectively connected to the communication converter, and the communication converter Connect with MCU.
  • MCU Microcontroller Unit
  • the communication converter is used to convert the data uploaded by the CMC into a communication protocol supported by the MCU, and transfer the converted data from the CMC to the MCU through the communication bus.
  • the communication converter and the MCU are integrated, so that the length of the communication bus between the communication converter and the MCU is as short as possible, so as to reduce reflection and suppress electromagnetic radiation.
  • the communication bus between the communication converter and the MCU can be a serial peripheral interface bus (Serial Peripheral Interface, "SPI” bus), a Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, “UART” bus for short) ), controller area network bus (Controller Area Network, "CAN” bus for short), internal integrated circuit bus (I-squared-C, "I 2 C” bus for short), this embodiment does not make specific limited.
  • SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
  • UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter
  • controller area network bus Controller Area Network, "CAN” bus for short
  • I-squared-C, "I 2 C” bus for short this embodiment does not make specific limited.
  • FIG. 2 shows another example in this embodiment.
  • the battery cells M1 to Mx in the battery cell group 1 correspond to the CMC1 to CMCx in the CMC group 1
  • the battery cells in the battery cell group 2 Mx+1 ⁇ Mn correspond to CMCx+1 ⁇ CMCn in CMC group 2 respectively.
  • an isolation unit is arranged between adjacent CMCs in CMC group 1
  • an isolation unit is arranged between adjacent CMCs in CMC group 2; that is, in each CMC group, the voltage between adjacent CMCs is conducted through the isolation unit.
  • Isolation: CMC1 and CMC2 in CMC group 1 are voltage-isolated by the isolation unit, and CMCx+1 and CMCx+2 in CMC group 2 are voltage-isolated by the isolation unit.
  • the isolation unit may also be a capacitive isolation unit, an inductive isolation unit, an optical isolation unit, etc.
  • the type of the isolation unit is not specifically limited in this embodiment; as in the example of FIG. 2, the isolation unit is an isolation capacitor (ie, capacitor A type of sexual isolation unit).
  • the isolation capacitor is provided on the daisy chain bus.
  • the isolation unit can also be integrated inside the CMC.
  • an isolation unit is provided between each CMC group and BMU.
  • transformer T1 between CMC1 and BMU
  • transformer T2 between CMCn and BMU
  • the transformer T1 can also be
  • the transformer T2 is replaced with any one of a capacitive isolation unit, an inductive isolation unit, and an optical isolation unit, which is not limited in this embodiment.
  • each CMC is divided into two CMC groups, that is, BMU and CMC group 1 communicate through a daisy chain bus, and BMU and CMC group 2 pass through one
  • the daisy-chain bus is used for communication, thereby realizing double-chain communication.
  • FIG. 3 shows another example in this embodiment.
  • multi-chain communication is formed.
  • the multi-chain communication described here refers to three or more daisy chain buses.
  • MSD is set between Mx and Mx+1
  • n CMCs are divided into three CMC groups, CMC1 ⁇ CMCx form CMC group 1, CMCx+1 ⁇ CMCy form CMC group 2, CMCy+1 ⁇ CMCn form CMC group 3, the battery cells connected to each CMC in a one-to-one correspondence are also divided into three groups, M1 ⁇ Mx form battery cell group 1, Mx+1 ⁇ My form battery cell group 2, My+1 ⁇ Mn form battery cell group 3.
  • the three CMC groups correspond to the three daisy chain buses one to one, and each CMC group communicates with the BMU through a daisy chain bus.
  • CMC1 in CMC group 1 communicates with BMU through transformer T1
  • CMCy in CMC group 2 communicates with BMU through transformer T2
  • CMCn in CMC group 3 communicates with BMU through transformer T3.
  • the more the number of groups, the less the number of each CMC group, the shorter the daisy chain bus where each CMC group is located the smaller the line loss; therefore, generally When there are many CMCs (that is, the number of battery cells is large), there is a need to reduce line loss, and multi-chain communication is possible.
  • n CMCs can also be divided into four groups, five groups, and six groups... However, no matter how many groups the n CMCs are divided into, the MSD must be connected to each other. Between two adjacent battery cell groups corresponding to two CMC groups.
  • the number of CMC groups is at least one more than the number of MSDs to avoid possible damage to the chip on the CMC during the MSD plugging process. That is, when there is one MSD, each CMC is divided into at least two CMC groups, when there are two MSDs, each CMC is divided into at least three CMC groups, when there are three MSDs, each CMC is divided into at least four CMC groups Group, and so on. It should be noted that the number of CMC groups described in this embodiment is at least one more than the number of MSDs in order to avoid possible damage to the chips on the CMC during the MSD plug-in process. The prerequisite is that any phase Only one MSD can be connected between two adjacent battery cells. If two or more MSDs are connected in series and located between two adjacent battery cells, then two or more MSDs can be connected. MSDs connected in series are treated as a whole MSD unit.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery monitoring system in the prior art.
  • the n battery cells in the storage battery are connected to the n CMCs in a one-to-one correspondence.
  • the n CMCs communicate with the BMU through a daisy chain bus, and the CMCs are isolated by isolation capacitors.
  • Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a battery monitoring system according to Fig. 4.
  • each CMC usually includes a variety of chips, and each chip is provided with a chip protection circuit.
  • the electrostatic discharge (ESD) on the chip (Electro-Static Discharge, referred to as "ESD ")
  • ESD electrostatic discharge
  • the protection circuit is taken as an example for description, and the protection circuit plays a role in preventing ESD damage to the chip.
  • the protection circuit on the CMCx includes a Zener tube A and a resistor R2, and the Zener tube A and the resistor R2 are connected in series.
  • the protection circuit on CMCx+1 includes Zener tube B and resistor R1, and Zener tube B and resistor R1 are connected in series.
  • the pin of the protection circuit on CMCx is connected to the negative pole of Mx.
  • the pin of the protection circuit on CMCx+1 is connected to the negative pole of Mx+1 (that is, the positive pole of Mx).
  • Xcap represents the equivalent capacitance of the battery pack or vehicle system
  • R3 represents the equivalent insulation resistance of the battery. Among them, the battery is arranged in the battery pack.
  • the voltage Vx on the Xcap is zero (discontinuous plugging and unplugging), then the voltage between points A and B is -9V1; at the moment when the MSD is inserted, the voltage between points A and B is From -9V1 to V1, that is, the voltage change between points A and B is 10V1, which is the surge voltage between points A and B.
  • the isolation capacitor Cx between MSD, Mx, CMCx, CMCx+1, CMCx and CMCx+1 forms a discharge circuit. If the surge voltage between points A and B exceeds the capacity of the discharge circuit, the discharge circuit It will be broken down. If the breakdown current drawn by the surge voltage is too large, the chips in CMCx and CMCx+1 will be damaged.
  • the overcurrent capability of the daisy chain communication loop can generally only withstand currents of no more than 0.05A. A high-frequency current of 0.2A will break down the chips on CMCx and CMCx+1, causing chip damage.
  • the current I through the discharge circuit can also pass through the above The formula is calculated.
  • the voltage between points A and B Before the MSD is pulled out, that is, when the monitoring system is in normal working condition, the voltage between points A and B is V1; at the moment when the MSD is pulled out, the voltage between points A and B changes from V1 to -9V1, that is The voltage change between points A and B is 10V1, but after the MSD is pulled out, the Mx and Mx+1 are disconnected, so here CMCx, Cx, CMCx+1, Mx+1 ⁇ Mn , Xcap, M1 ⁇ Mx-1 form a discharge circuit, so the discharge circuit formed when the MSD is pulled out is different from the one formed when the MSD is inserted.
  • the chip on CMCx and CMCx+1 may be damaged during MSD plugging and unplugging.
  • MSD is because during plugging and unplugging, CMCx and CMCx+1 are at the surge voltage.
  • the chips on CMCx and CMCx+1 will be damaged. Relatively speaking, the moment the MSD is inserted is more likely to cause damage to the chip than the moment the MSD is unplugged.
  • CMCx belongs to CMC group 1
  • CMC x+1 belongs to CMC group 2
  • CMC group 1 and CMC group 2 are connected to the BMU through different daisy chain buses, namely CMCx and CMC x+ 1 is disconnected and there is no communication path. Therefore, it is impossible to form the above-mentioned discharge circuit at the moment of MSD plugging and unplugging. Therefore, although there is a surge voltage, the discharge loop cannot be formed, so the MSD plugging process is avoided.
  • CMCx, CMC x+1 chip damage that may be caused by
  • the second embodiment of the application relates to a battery monitoring system.
  • the second embodiment is an improvement on the basis of the first embodiment.
  • the main improvement lies in: in the second embodiment of this application, the battery cell group connected to the MSD is recorded as the first battery cell group, and the first The CMC group corresponding to the battery cell group is referred to as the first CMC group, and the CMC corresponding to the battery cell connected to the MSD in the first battery cell group is referred to as the first CMC; in the first CMC group, the first CMC is adjacent to it
  • the voltage isolation between CMCs is performed by an isolation transformer.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery monitoring system in this embodiment, wherein Figure 6 is an improvement based on Figure 2.
  • the battery cell group connected to the MSD is recorded as the first battery cell group
  • the CMC group corresponding to the first battery cell group is recorded as the first CMC group.
  • MSD divides n battery cells into battery cell group 1 and battery cell group 2, and MSD is connected between battery cell group 1 and battery cell group 2. Therefore, the first battery cell group includes batteries Unit group 1 and battery unit group 2; the first CMC group includes CMC group 1 corresponding to battery unit group 1 and CMC group 2 corresponding to battery unit group 2.
  • the CMC corresponding to the battery cell connected to the MSD in the first battery cell group is recorded as the first CMC.
  • the battery cell Mx in the battery cell group 1 is connected to the MSD
  • the battery cell Mx+1 in the battery cell group 2 is connected to the MSD, that is, the first CMC includes CMCx corresponding to Mx and CMCx+1 corresponding to Mx+1 .
  • the isolation transformer by disposing an isolation transformer between the first CMC and its adjacent CMC, the isolation transformer has a better isolation effect and better ESD protection performance, so that the communication signal in the daisy chain communication can be better.
  • the third embodiment of the present application relates to a battery monitoring system.
  • the third embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, and the main improvement lies in: in the third embodiment of the present application, in each CMC group, two adjacent CMCs are voltage-isolated by an isolation transformer.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery monitoring system in this embodiment.
  • any two adjacent CMCs are voltage-isolated by an isolation transformer.
  • CMC1 and CMC2 are adjacent, CMCx is adjacent to CMCx-1, CMCx+1 is adjacent to CMCx+2, that is, CMC1 and CMC2 are voltage-isolated by an isolation transformer, and CMCx and CMCx-1 are isolated by an isolation transformer
  • CMCx and CMCx-1 are isolated by an isolation transformer
  • the voltage between CMCx+1 and CMCx+2 is isolated by an isolation transformer.
  • this embodiment may also be an improvement based on the first embodiment.
  • an isolation transformer is set between two adjacent CMCs for voltage isolation, which can maximize the isolation and ESD protection performance, so that the communication signal in the daisy chain communication is better.
  • the fourth embodiment of the present application relates to a battery pack, as shown in FIG. 8, which includes a battery 11 and the battery monitoring system 12 described in any one of the first to third embodiments.
  • this embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the first to third embodiments, and this embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the first to third embodiments.
  • the related technical details mentioned in the first to third embodiments are still valid in this embodiment, and in order to reduce repetition, they will not be repeated here.
  • the related technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied to any of the first to third embodiments.
  • the fifth embodiment of the present application relates to an electric vehicle, including the battery pack described in the fourth embodiment.
  • this embodiment is a device embodiment corresponding to the fourth embodiment, and this embodiment can be implemented in cooperation with the fourth embodiment.
  • the related technical details mentioned in the fourth embodiment are still valid in this embodiment, and in order to reduce repetition, they will not be repeated here.
  • the related technical details mentioned in this embodiment can also be applied in the fourth embodiment.
  • modules involved in this embodiment are all logical modules.
  • a logical unit can be a physical unit, a part of a physical unit, or multiple physical units. The combination of units is realized.
  • this embodiment does not introduce units that are not closely related to solving the technical problems proposed by the present application, but this does not indicate that there are no other units in this embodiment.

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Abstract

一种蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车，涉及电池监控领域。蓄电池包括电池单元和MSD，多个电池单元串联且MSD连在相邻电池单元间；监控系统包括BMU和与电池单元数量相等且一一对应连接CMC；CMC被分成满足预设条件的若干个CMC组，监控系统还包括与CMC组数量相等且一一对应的菊花链总线，每个CMC组通过一条菊花链总线与BMU连接；预设条件为每个CMC组中的各CMC对应的电池单元串联且形成该CMC组对应的电池单元组，MSD连在相邻电池单元组之间，避免在MSD的插拔过程中可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏，有利于CMC对蓄电池中的电池单元进行准确监测。

Description

蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车
交叉引用
本申请引用于2019年01月18日递交的名称为“蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车”的第201910083091.2号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电池监控领域，特别涉及一种蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车。
背景技术
电动汽车替代燃油汽车已成为汽车业发展的趋势，电动汽车动力电池安全问题一直是业界所关注的重点，电动汽车的高压回路对其安全运行十分重要。电动汽车电池组主要以锂离子电池等为蓄电池，依靠大量电池单元的串联构成动力电池组。为确保行车安全，在行车过程中，需要对电动汽车中蓄电池中电池单元的电压、温度等进行监控，以采集电池单元的电压、温度等的运行数据，为保证采集到的数据的准确性，通常选用电芯监控单元CMC(Cell monitoring circuit，简称“CMC”)对串联构成的动力电池组中的电池单元的电压、温度等进行监控。为保证高压回路的安全开断，还会在相互连接的电池单元之间加手动维护开关MSD(Manual Service Disconnect，简称“MSD”)。
但是，发明人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题：在插拔MSD的过程中会产生浪涌电压，产生的浪涌电压可能会损坏CMC上的芯片，导致CMC无法对蓄电池中的电池单元进行准确监测，甚至导致整个通信链路的瘫痪。
发明内容
本申请实施例的目的在于提供一种蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车，避免在MSD的插拔过程中可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏，有利于CMC对蓄电池中的电池单元 进行准确监测，保证整个通信链路的正常运行。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请的实施例提供了一种蓄电池的监控系统，蓄电池的监控系统中的蓄电池包括若干个电池单元和至少一手动维护开关MSD，若干个电池单元串联连接且MSD连接在相邻两个电池单元之间；监控系统包括电池管理模块BMU和若干个电芯监测单元CMC，CMC与电池单元的数量相等且一一对应连接；若干个CMC被分成满足预设条件的若干个CMC组，监控系统还包括若干条菊花链总线，CMC组与菊花链总线的数量相等且一一对应，每个CMC组通过一条菊花链总线与BMU通信连接；预设条件为：每个CMC组中的各CMC对应的电池单元串联连接且形成该CMC组对应的电池单元组，MSD连接在相邻两个电池单元组之间。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电池包，包括：蓄电池、以及上述的蓄电池的监控系统。
本申请的实施例还提供了一种电动汽车，包括：上述的电池包。
本申请实施例相对于现有技术而言，若干个CMC被分成满足预设条件的若干个CMC组，监控系统还包括若干条菊花链总线，CMC组与菊花链总线的数量相等且一一对应，每个CMC组通过一条菊花链总线与BMU通信连接；预设条件为：每个CMC组中的各CMC对应的电池单元串联连接且形成该CMC组对应的电池单元组，MSD连接在相邻两个电池单元组之间。通过将CMC与BMU之间进行的单链通信替换为多链通信，并且，多个CMC组之间通过独立的菊花链总线与BMU通信连接，使得各CMC组之间不存在连接关系。这种电路连接方法，使得在插拔MSD瞬间，无法形成回路，进而无法产生浪涌电压，避免在MSD的插拔过程中可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏，有利于CMC对蓄电池中的电池单元进行准确监测，保证整个通信链路的正常运行。
另外，CMC组的数量比MSD的数量多一。本实施例提供了监控系统的一种具体实现方式，在该实施例中，以最少的分组数量来实现对CMC的分组，在满足安全需求的情况下，可以尽可能简化电路结构。
另外，将MSD连接的电池单元组记作第一电池单元组，将第一电池单元组对应的CMC组记作第一CMC组，将第一电池单元组中与MSD连接的电池单元对应的CMC记作第一CMC；在第一CMC组中，第一CMC与其相邻的CMC之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。本实施例中，通过在第一CMC与其相邻的CMC之间设置隔离变压器，可以进一步避免MSD插拔过程中由于浪涌电压可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏。
另外，每个CMC组中，相邻两个CMC之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。本实施例中，在相邻两个CMC之间均设置隔离变压器进行电压隔离，可以进一步避免MSD插拔过 程中由于浪涌电压可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏。
另外，两个所述CMC组的其中一个所述CMC组中，处于最低电位的CMC与所述BMU直接相连，另一个所述CMC组中，处于最高电位的CMC与所述BMU直接相连。这种连接方式便于电池单元、线束在电池包中的布局安装，减少电池单元间的连接线长度。
附图说明
一个或多个实施例通过与之对应的附图中的图片进行示例性说明，这些示例性说明并不构成对实施例的限定，附图中具有相同参考数字标号的元件表示为类似的元件，除非有特别申明，附图中的图不构成比例限制。
图1是根据本申请第一实施例提供的一种蓄电池的监控系统的一个例子的结构示意图；
图2是根据本申请第一实施例提供的一种蓄电池的监控系统的另一个例子的结构示意图；
图3是根据本申请第一实施例提供的一种蓄电池的监控系统的又一个例子的结构示意图；
图4是现有技术中的一种蓄电池的监控系统的结构示意图；
图5是根据图4的一种蓄电池的监控系统的等效电路图；
图6是根据本申请第二实施例提供的蓄电池的监控系统的结构示意图；
图7是根据本申请第三实施例提供的蓄电池的监控系统的结构示意图；
图8是根据本申请第四实施例提供的电池包的方框示意图。
具体实施例
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本申请的各实施例进行详细的阐述。然而，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，在本申请各实施例中，为了使读者更好地理解本申请而提出了许多技术细节。但是，即使没有这些技术细节和基于以下各实施例的种种变化和修改，也可以实现本申请所要求保护的技术方案。
本申请的第一实施例涉及一种蓄电池的监控系统，如图1所示。蓄电池包括n个电池单元，和至少一手动维护开关MSD，n个电池单元串联连接且MSD连接在相邻两个电池单 元之间；监控系统包括电池管理模块BMU(Battery Management Unit，简称“BMU”)和n个电芯监测单元CMC，CMC与电池单元的数量相等且一一对应连接；n个CMC被分成满足预设条件的若干个CMC组，监控系统还包括若干条菊花链总线，CMC组与菊花链总线的数量相等且一一对应，每个CMC组通过一条菊花链总线与BMU通信连接；预设条件为：每个CMC组中的各CMC对应的电池单元串联连接且形成该CMC组对应的电池单元组，MSD连接在相邻两个电池单元组之间。
本申请实施例相对于现有技术而言，通过将CMC与BMU之间进行的单链通信替换为多链通信，并且，多个CMC组之间通过独立的菊花链总线与BMU通信连接，使得各CMC组之间不存在连接关系。这种电路连接方法，使得在插拔MSD瞬间，无法形成回路，进而无法产生浪涌电压，避免在MSD的插拔过程中可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏，有利于CMC对蓄电池中的电池单元进行准确监测，保证整个通信链路的正常运行。
下面对本实施例的蓄电池的监控系统的实现细节进行具体的说明，以下内容仅为方便理解提供的实现细节，并非实施本方案的必须。
如图1，蓄电池包括依次串联的n个电池单元，其中n的具体数值可以根据实际情况设定。且分别为M1至Mx、Mx+1至Mn。依次串联的n个电池单元的电位从M1至Mn依次升高，位于两端的两个电池单元分别是该蓄电池的最高电位电池单元和最低电位电池单元，图1中，M1为该蓄电池的最低电位电池单元，Mn为该蓄电池的最高电位电池单元。然不限于此，在其他例子中，M1可以为最高电位电池单元，Mn可以为最低电位电池单元。Xcap代表与电池包或整车系统的等效电容，其中，蓄电池设置在电池包内。蓄电池与负载连接，蓄电池用于为负载(比如电动汽车)供电。
蓄电池还包括至少一个手动维护开关MSD，图1所示的例子中，蓄电池仅包括一个MSD，且MSD设置于相邻的Mx和Mx+1之间，用于保证蓄电池与负载之间的高压回路的安全开断。其中，x是大于1且小于n的整数，x的取值可以根据需要设定，即MSD可以插入这n个电池单元中的任意两个相邻的电池单元之间。本实施例中，n个电池单元被分成两个电池单元组，M1～Mx为一个电池单元组，记作电池单元组1，M x+1～Mn为一个电池单元组，记作电池单元组2；即本实施例中，电池单元组的数量比MSD的数量多1。需要说明的是，本实施对MSD的数量不作任何限制；在实际应用中，如果蓄电池包含的电池单元较多且对蓄电池的安全要求较高，蓄电池也可以包括多个MSD，且每个MSD连接在n个电池单元中任意相邻两个电池单元之间；此时，电池单元组的数量跟MSD的数量相关，例如，当MSD的数量为2个时，电池单元组的数量可以为3个，当MSD的数量为3个时，电池单元 组的数量可以为4个。因此，本实施例中，电池单元组的数量比MSD的数量多一。
n个CMC分别为CMC1至CMCx、CMCx+1至CMCn，n个CMC与n个电池单元一一对应，且每个CMC均与其对应的电池单元连接，用于对其对应的电池单元进行监控，如集该电池单元的至少一种运行参数以及对电池单元进行均衡控制，电池单元的运行参数例如可以为电芯电压、温度等。
n个CMC被分成满足预设条件的若干个CMC组，预设条件为：每个CMC组中的各CMC对应的电池单元串联连接且形成该CMC组对应的电池单元组，MSD连接在相邻两个电池单元组之间。即，每个电池单元组中的各电池单元对应的CMC形成一个CMC组，如本实施例中，该电池单元组1中的各电池单元M1～Mx分别与CMC1～CMCx一一对应，则CMC1～CMCx形成一个CMC组，并记作CMC组1；该电池单元组2中的各电池单元Mx+1～Mn分别与CMC x+1～CMCn一一对应，则CMCx+1～CMCn为一个CMC组，并记作CMC组2。本实施例中CMC组的数量比MSD的数量多一。
本实施例中，蓄电池监控系统包括两根菊花链总线，两根菊花链总线与两个CMC组分别一一对应，且每个CMC组通过其对应的菊花链总线连接至BMU。其中，当n的值不变时，x的取值决定了每个电池单元组中电池单元的数量，亦即决定了每个CMC组中CMC的数量，由于每个CMC组通过菊花链总线连接至BMU都会存在线损，且每个CMC组中CMC的数量越多，菊花链总线越长，线损越大，因此较佳的，CMC组1中的CMC的数量和CMC组2的CMC的数量相等或者相差1；例如，当n为偶数时，如n＝10，令x＝5；或者，当n为奇数时，如n＝9，令x＝5；即，将MSD设置在第5个电池单元和第6个电池单元之间，从而可以使得两个CMC组之间的电池单元的数量相等或相差一，使得两个CMC组与BMU通讯产生的线损较为均衡。另外，较佳的，本实施例中的各条菊花链总线均为差分式菊花链总线，从而有利于提升通信质量，提高鲁棒性与电磁兼容性能。
CMC1、CMCx分别为CMC组1中的最低电位和最高电位，CMCx+1、CMCn分别为CMC组2中的最低电位和最高电位。本实施例中，CMC组1中，处于最低电位的CMC1与BMU直接相连，CMC组2中，处于最高电位的CMCn与BMU直接相连；这种连接方式便于电池单元、线束在电池包中的布局安装，减少电池单元间的连接线长度。然不限于此，CMC组1中，CMC1和CMCx中可以任选一个与BMU直接连接；CMC组2中，CMCx+1和CMCn中可以任选一个与BMU直接连接。
如图1所示为本实施例中的一个例子，其中，CMC组1中的CMC1与BMU之间设置有变压器T1，通过变压器T1来实现电压隔离；CMC组1中的各CMC均共地连接，通过 共地连接来实现相邻CMC之间电压隔离。同理，CMC组2中的CMCn与BMU之间设置有变压器T2，通过变压器T2来实现电压隔离；CMC组2中的各CMC均共地连接，通过共地连接来实现相邻CMC之间的电压隔离。
较佳的，BMU可以包括通信转换器及微控制单元MCU(Microcontroller Unit，简称“MCU”)；即，CMC组1中的CMC1、CMC组2中的CMCn分别与通信转换器连接，通信转换器与MCU连接。通信转换器用于将CMC上传的数据转换为MCU所支持的通信协议，并将转换后的CMC上传的数据通过通讯总线传输至MCU。通信转换器与MCU被集成在一起，使得通信转换器与MCU的通讯总线长度尽可能得缩短，以便减少反射与抑制电磁辐射。其中，通信转换器与MCU之间的通讯总线可以为串行外设接口总线(Serial Peripheral Interface，简称“SPI”总线)、通用异步收发传输器总线(Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter，简称“UART”总线)、控制器局域网络总线(Controller Area Network，简称“CAN”总线)、内部整合电路总线(I-squared-C，简称“I 2C”总线)的其中一种，本实施例对此不作具体限定。
如图2所示为本实施例中的另一个例子，电池单元组1中的各电池单元M1～Mx分别与CMC组1中的CMC1～CMCx一一对应，电池单元组2中的各电池单元Mx+1～Mn分别与CMC组2中的CMCx+1～CMCn一一对应。其中，CMC组1中的相邻CMC之间设置有隔离单元，CMC组2中的相邻CMC之间设置有隔离单元；即，每个CMC组中，相邻CMC之间通过隔离单元进行电压隔离，CMC组1中的CMC1和CMC2之间通过隔离单元进行电压隔离，CMC组2中的CMCx+1和CMCx+2之间通过隔离单元进行电压隔离。其中，隔离单元还可以是电容性隔离单元、电感性隔离单元、光隔离单元等，本实施例对隔离单元的类别不作具体限定；如在图2的例子中，隔离单元为隔离电容(即电容性隔离单元的一种)。并且，在图2的例子中，隔离电容设置于菊花链总线上，然而在其他例子中，也可以将隔离单元集成在CMC内部。另外需要说明的是，每个CMC组与BMU之间设置隔离单元，除了图2中所示的变压器T1(CMC1与BMU之间)、变压器T2(CMCn与BMU之间)，也可以将变压器T1、变压器T2替换为电容性隔离单元、电感性隔离单元、光隔离单元中的任意一种，本实施例对此不作任何限定。
在图1、图2所示的例子中，当存在一个MSD的情况下，各CMC被分成两个CMC组，即BMU与CMC组1通过一条菊花链总线进行通讯、BMU与CMC组2通过一条菊花链总线进行通信，从而实现双链通讯。
如图3所示为本实施例中的另一个例子，在同样存在一个MSD的情况下，形成多链 通信，这里所述的多链通信指包含三条或三条以上的菊花链总线。图3中，虽然MSD设置在Mx和Mx+1之间，但是n个CMC分成三个CMC组，CMC1～CMCx形成CMC组1、CMCx+1～CMCy形成CMC组2、CMCy+1～CMCn形成CMC组3，与各CMC一一对应连接的电池单元也分成三个组，M1～Mx形成电池单元组1、Mx+1～My形成电池单元组2、My+1～Mn形成电池单元组3，三个CMC组与三条菊花链总线一一对应，且每个CMC组通过一条菊花链总线与BMU实现通信。CMC组1中的CMC1通过变压器T1与BMU通信连接，CMC组2中的CMCy通过变压器T2与BMU通信连接，CMC组3中的CMCn通过变压器T3与BMU通信连接。其中，在CMC的总数量不变的情况下，组数越多，每个CMC组的数量越少，那么每个CMC组所在的菊花链总线越短，那么线损越小；因此，一般当CMC较多(即电池单元数量较多)时，处于减少线损的需求，可以多链通讯。由于多链通讯的其他连接方式以及上述双链通讯的例子类似，此处不再重复赘述。因此，在其他例子中，在同样存在一个MSD的情况下，n个CMC还可以被分成四组、五组、六组……但是，不管n个CMC被分成多少组，MSD必定是连接在相邻两个CMC组对应的两个电池单元组之间的。
结合图1、图2、图3的例子来看，CMC组的数量至少比MSD的数量多一，才能避免在MSD的插拔过程中可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏。即，当存在一个MSD时，各CMC至少被分成两个CMC组，当存在两个MSD时，各CMC至少被分成三个CMC组，当存在三个MSD时，各CMC至少被分成四个CMC组，以此类推。需要说明的是，本实施例中所述的CMC组的数量至少比MSD的数量多一，才能避免在MSD的插拔过程中可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏，其前提条件是，任意相邻两个电池单元之间只可能连接一个MSD，如果出现两个或两个以上MSD串联连接在一起且位于两个相邻的电池单元之间的情况，那么可以将该两个或两个以上串联连接在一起的MSD作为一个整体的MSD单元看待。
如下对本申请实施例能够达成避免在MSD的插拔过程中可能造成的CMC上的芯片的损坏进行原理性说明。
如图4所示为现有技术的一种蓄电池的监控系统的结构示意图。蓄电池中的n个电池单元与n个CMC一一对应连接，n个CMC通过一条菊花链总线与BMU进行通信，并且各CMC之间通过隔离电容进行隔离。图5是根据图4的一种蓄电池监控系统的等效电路图。
需要说明的是，现有技术中的每个CMC上通常包括多种芯片，且各芯片上设置有芯片保护电路，本实施例以采样芯片上的静电释放ESD(Electro-Static discharge，简称“ESD”)保护电路为例进行说明，该保护电路起到预防ESD损坏芯片的作用。图5中，CMCx上的保护电路包括稳压管A和电阻R2，稳压管A和电阻R2串联连接。CMCx+1上的保护电路包括 稳压管B和电阻R1，稳压管B和电阻R1串联连接。CMCx上的保护电路的接脚连接于Mx的负极。CMCx+1上的保护电路的接脚连接于Mx+1的负极(即Mx的正极)。Xcap代表电池包或整车系统的等效电容，R3代表蓄电池的等效绝缘电阻。其中，蓄电池设置在电池包内。
假设，每个电池单元的电压为V1＝40，n＝10，那么，整个蓄电池的电压Vpack＝10V1，且假设R1+R2＝1.55K，A和B的击穿电压总和VF一般不超过36V。
假设在MSD插入前，Xcap上的电压Vx为零(非连续插拔情况)，那么A、B两点之间的电压为-9V1；在MSD插入瞬间，A、B两点之间的电压要从-9V1变化到V1，即A、B两点之间的电压的变化量为10V1，此即为A、B两点之间出现浪涌电压。MSD、Mx、CMCx、CMCx+1、CMCx和CMCx+1之间的隔离电容Cx形成一个放电回路，A、B两点之间的浪涌电压如果超出了这个放电回路的承受能力，该放电回路就会被击穿，如果浪涌电压引出的击穿电流过大，CMCx和CMCx+1中的芯片就会被损坏。
其中，经过该放电回路的电流I的计算公式可表示为：I＝(10V1–Vx-VF)/(R1+R2)，所以当Xcap上的电压Vx为零时，I＝(10V1-VF)/(R1+R2)＝(400-36)/1550Ω≈0.2A。在实际应用中，菊花链通信回路的过流能力一般只能承受不超过0.05A大小的电流，0.2A的高频电流会击穿CMCx上的芯片以及CMCx+1上的芯片，造成芯片损坏。其中，如果插入MSD之前，Xcap上的电压Vx不为零(比如连续插拔MSD，Xcap因前一次插MSD充上的电还没有放掉)，那么经过该放电回路的电流I也可以通过上述公式计算出来。
在MSD拔出之前，即监控系统正常工作状态时，A、B两点之间的电压为V1；在MSD拔出瞬间，A、B两点之间的电压要从V1变化到-9V1，即A、B两点之间的电压的变化量为10V1，但由于MSD拔出后，Mx、Mx+1之间是断开的，因此这里的CMCx、Cx、CMCx+1、Mx+1～Mn、Xcap、M1～Mx-1形成一条放电回路，因此MSD拔出瞬间形成的放电回路与MSD插入瞬间形成的放电回路不一样。在MSD拔出瞬间形成的放电回路中，由于CMCx、CMCx+1、Cx与Xcap同处于一个放电回路中，而Xcap在很大程度缓解了该放电回路中瞬间极高电流的产生，因此，在放电过程中，虽然也可能形成击穿电流而把Cx击穿，但是由于Xcap，MSD拔出瞬间产生的击穿电流会比MSD插入瞬间产生的击穿电流小很多，所以CMCx上的芯片以及CMCx+1上的芯片有可能不会被损坏或者说损坏的可能性相对较小。
由上述分析可知，现有技术中，MSD插拔过程中，CMCx、CMCx+1上的芯片之所以可能被损坏MSD，是因为在插拔过程中，CMCx、CMCx+1处于浪涌电压所在的放电回路中，当放电过程中形成的放电电流的大小远远大于菊花链通信回路的过流能力的承受范围时， CMCx、CMCx+1上的芯片就会被损坏。相对而言，MSD插入瞬间比MSD拔出瞬间，对芯片造成损坏的可能性更大。
而本申请的本实施例中，由于CMCx属于CMC组1，CMC x+1属于CMC组2，且CMC组1和CMC组2是通过不同的菊花链总线连接至BMU，即CMCx和CMC x+1之间是断开的，没有任何通讯路径，因此在MSD插拔瞬间，不可能形成上面所述的放电回路，因此虽然存在浪涌电压，但无法形成放电回路，故避免了MSD插拔过程中可能造成的CMCx、CMC x+1上的芯片的损坏。
本申请的第二实施例涉及一种蓄电池的监控系统。第二实施例是在第一实施例的基础上进行了改进，主要改进之处在于：在本申请第二实施例中，将MSD连接的电池单元组记作第一电池单元组，将第一电池单元组对应的CMC组记作第一CMC组，将第一电池单元组中与MSD连接的电池单元对应的CMC记作第一CMC；在第一CMC组中，第一CMC与其相邻的CMC之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。
图6为本实施例中蓄电池的监控系统的结构示意图，其中，图6是在图2基础上的改进。
其中，将MSD连接的电池单元组记作第一电池单元组，将第一电池单元组对应的CMC组记作第一CMC组。具体的，如图6中，MSD将n个电池单元分成电池单元组1、电池单元组2，且MSD连接在电池单元组1、电池单元组2之间，因此，第一电池单元组包括电池单元组1和电池单元组2；第一CMC组包括电池单元组1对应的CMC组1和电池单元组2对应的CMC组2。
将第一电池单元组中与MSD连接的电池单元对应的CMC记作第一CMC。具体的，电池单元组1中的电池单元Mx与MSD连接，电池单元组2中的电池单元Mx+1与MSD连接，即，第一CMC包括Mx对应的CMCx和Mx+1对应的CMCx+1。
在第一CMC组中，第一CMC与其相邻的CMC之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。具体的，CMCx与CMCx-1相邻，CMCx+1与CMCx+2相邻，即CMCx与CMCx-1之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离，CMCx+1与CMCx+2之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。
本实施例中，通过在第一CMC与其相邻的CMC之间设置隔离变压器，由于隔离变压器的隔离效果更佳、防ESD性能更佳，因此可以使得菊花链通讯中的通讯信号更佳。
本申请的第三实施例涉及一种蓄电池的监控系统。第三实施例与第二实施例大致相同，主要改进之处在于：在本申请第三实施例中，每个CMC组中，相邻两个CMC之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。
图7为本实施例中蓄电池的监控系统的结构示意图。在图7中，CMC组1和CMC组2中，任意相邻的两个CMC之间均通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。具体的，CMC1和CMC2相邻，CMCx与CMCx-1相邻，CMCx+1与CMCx+2相邻，即CMC1和CMC2之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离，CMCx与CMCx-1之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离，CMCx+1与CMCx+2之间通过隔离变压器进行电压隔离。
另外，需要说明的是，本实施例也可以是在第一实施例的基础上进行的改进。
本实施例中，在相邻两个CMC之间均设置隔离变压器进行电压隔离，可以在最大程度上提高隔离、防ESD性能，使得菊花链通讯中的通讯信号更佳。
本申请第四实施例涉及一种电池包，如图8所示，包括蓄电池11、以及第一至第三实施例中任一实施例所述的蓄电池的监控系统12。
不难发现，本实施例为与第一至第三实施例相对应的装置实施例，本实施例可与第一至第三实施例互相配合实施。第一至第三实施例中提到的相关技术细节在本实施例中依然有效，为了减少重复，这里不再赘述。相应地，本实施例中提到的相关技术细节也可应用在第一至第三任一实施例中。
本申请第五实施例涉及一种电动汽车，包括：第四实施例所述的电池包。
不难发现，本实施例为与第四实施例相对应的装置实施例，本实施例可与第四实施例互相配合实施。第四实施例中提到的相关技术细节在本实施例中依然有效，为了减少重复，这里不再赘述。相应地，本实施例中提到的相关技术细节也可应用在第四实施例中。
值得一提的是，本实施例中所涉及到的各模块均为逻辑模块，在实际应用中，一个逻辑单元可以是一个物理单元，也可以是一个物理单元的一部分，还可以以多个物理单元的组合实现。此外，为了突出本申请的创新部分，本实施例中并没有将与解决本申请所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的单元引入，但这并不表明本实施例中不存在其它的单元。
本领域的普通技术人员可以理解，上述各实施例是实现本申请的具体实施例，而在实际应用中，可以在形式上和细节上对其作各种改变，而不偏离本申请的精神和范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种蓄电池的监控系统，所述蓄电池包括若干个电池单元和至少一手动维护开关MSD，若干个所述电池单元串联连接且所述MSD连接在相邻两个所述电池单元之间；所述监控系统包括电池管理模块BMU和若干个电芯监测单元CMC，所述CMC与所述电池单元的数量相等且一一对应连接；
    若干个所述CMC被分成满足预设条件的若干个CMC组，所述监控系统还包括若干条菊花链总线，所述CMC组与所述菊花链总线的数量相等且一一对应，每个所述CMC组通过一条所述菊花链总线与所述BMU通信连接；
    所述预设条件为：每个所述CMC组中的各所述CMC对应的电池单元串联连接且形成该CMC组对应的电池单元组，所述MSD连接在相邻两个所述电池单元组之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的蓄电池的监控系统，其中，所述CMC组的数量比所述MSD的数量多一。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的蓄电池的监控系统，其中，所述蓄电池包括一个所述MSD，若干个所述CMC被分成两个所述CMC组。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的蓄电池的监控系统，其中，每个所述CMC组中的相邻两个所述CMC之间均通过隔离单元进行隔离。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的蓄电池的监控系统，其中，将所述MSD连接的所述电池单元组记作第一电池单元组，将所述第一电池单元组对应的CMC组记作第一CMC组，将所述第一电池单元组中与所述MSD连接的电池单元对应的CMC记作第一CMC；
    在所述第一CMC组中，所述第一CMC与其相邻的CMC之间的所述隔离单元为隔离变压器。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的蓄电池的监控系统，其中，每个所述CMC组中的相邻两个所述CMC之间的所述隔离单元均为隔离变压器。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的蓄电池的监控系统，其中，两个所述CMC组中的CMC的数量相等或者相差1。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的蓄电池的监控系统，其中，两个所述CMC组的其中一个所述CMC组中，处于最低电位的CMC与所述BMU直接相连，另一个所述CMC组中，处于最高电位的CMC与所述BMU直接相连。
  9. 一种电池包，包括：蓄电池、以及权利要求1至8中任一项所述的蓄电池的监控系统。
  10. 一种电动汽车，包括：权利要求9所述的电池包。
PCT/CN2020/072660 2019-01-18 2020-01-17 蓄电池的监控系统、电池包及电动汽车 WO2020147809A1 (zh)

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