WO2020147631A1 - 一种平板倍增影像增强器及倍增方法 - Google Patents

一种平板倍增影像增强器及倍增方法 Download PDF

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WO2020147631A1
WO2020147631A1 PCT/CN2020/071037 CN2020071037W WO2020147631A1 WO 2020147631 A1 WO2020147631 A1 WO 2020147631A1 CN 2020071037 W CN2020071037 W CN 2020071037W WO 2020147631 A1 WO2020147631 A1 WO 2020147631A1
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layer
multiplication
image
outer shell
flat
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PCT/CN2020/071037
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English (en)
French (fr)
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茆占湖
茆书源
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茆占湖
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Priority to JP2020600216U priority Critical patent/JP3230669U/ja
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
    • H01J31/50—Image-conversion or image-amplification tubes, i.e. having optical, X-ray, or analogous input, and optical output

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  • the invention relates to an X-ray image intensifier, in particular to a flat-panel multiplying image intensifier, and in particular to a multiplying method of the flat-panel multiplying image intensifier.
  • X-rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths between ultraviolet and gamma rays.
  • the image intensifier in the X-ray inspection system is an indispensable component. First, the image is received and enhanced by the image intensifier, and then the image intensifier is applied by the camera. The image information is extracted and processed by the computer.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a flat-panel multiplier image intensifier with reasonable design, good sealing and capable of realizing clear imaging of a small amount of X-rays in view of the shortcomings of the prior art.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for multiplying X-ray images by using the flat-panel multiplication image intensifier.
  • the present invention is a flat-panel multiplying image intensifier.
  • the intensifier includes a cylindrical outer shell, one end of the outer shell is sealed with a front cover, the front cover is provided with an input window, and the other end of the outer shell is sealed with a rear cover.
  • An output window is opened on the cover; a vacuum chamber is arranged in the outer shell, and several image multiplication layers are sequentially arranged in the vacuum chamber from the input window to the output window.
  • Each image multiplication layer includes a fluorescent layer and a photocathode arranged in sequence Layer and insulated wire layer.
  • the insulated wire layer includes a number of wires arranged perpendicular to the photocathode layer, and an insulating layer is arranged between the wires; a number of electrodes matched with the insulated wire layer are sequentially arranged from the input window to the output window side of the outer casing , The electrode extends into the outer shell and is connected to the corresponding fluorescent layer.
  • an output layer is also provided between the output window and the insulated wire layer closest to the output window,
  • the output layer includes a fluorescent output layer arranged in sequence and a flat output screen made of flat transparent glass.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further realized by the following technical solutions.
  • the length of the wire of the insulated wire layer closest to the output window is increased from the middle to the surroundings.
  • a concave arc shape is formed in the middle part, and the middle part of the output window is formed into a circular arc shape corresponding to the concave shape.
  • one side of the output window in the vacuum chamber is also provided with flat-panel transparent glass. Arc output screen.
  • the image multiplication layer is provided with 3 or 4 layers, 3 or 4 layers of image multiplication The layers are arranged in parallel at equal intervals.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention can be further realized by the following technical solutions.
  • the voltage of the electrode applied from the input window to the output window side of the outer casing is increased in sequence.
  • the input window is made of a material with low X-ray absorption
  • the output window is made of a transparent material
  • the outer shell is made of insulating and opaque material.
  • a method for multiplying X-ray images the steps are as follows: firstly, X-rays are converted through a fluorescent layer Fluorescent photons irradiate the photocathode layer to generate electrons. The electrons are accelerated under the action of the electric field applied by the electrode, move along the wire and collide with the next layer of fluorescent layer to produce stronger fluorescence, and then irradiate the photocathode of this layer. Layer, generate more electrons, and continue to accelerate to hit the next layer of phosphor layer, so back and forth, get more electrons, and finally form a high-brightness visible light image.
  • the present invention is provided with several image multiplying layers in the vacuum chamber.
  • X-rays entering from the input window first pass through the fluorescent layer of the first image multiplying layer to convert into fluorescence and multiply the first image.
  • the photocathode of the layer is irradiated to excite electrons.
  • the excited electrons accelerate along one end of the wire of the first layer of image multiplying layer and move to the other end of the wire, and continue to move to the next layer
  • the fluorescent layer of this layer produces brighter fluorescence due to the increase of the electron impact speed, and then the number of electrons excited by the photocathode layer of this layer is more.
  • the intensifier has good sealing properties, is safe and reliable, effectively prevents X-ray leakage, and can geometrically multiply the X-ray imaging effect through the image multiplying layer, so as to realize a small amount of X-rays to form a high-brightness visible light image.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of another structure of the present invention.
  • a flat-panel multiplying image intensifier includes a cylindrical outer shell 1, one end of the outer shell 1 is sealed with a front cover 2, the front cover 2 is provided with an input window, and the other end of the outer shell 1 is sealed A rear cover 3 is installed, and an output window is opened on the rear cover 3; a vacuum chamber is provided in the outer shell 1, and several image multiplication layers are sequentially arranged in the vacuum chamber from the input window to the output window side, and each image multiplication layer Each includes a phosphor layer 5, a photocathode layer 6 and an insulated wire 8 layer 7 arranged in sequence.
  • the insulated wire 8 layer 7 includes a number of wires 8 arranged perpendicular to the photocathode layer 6, and an insulating layer is arranged between the wires 8; A number of electrodes 4 matched with layers 7 of insulated wires 8 are sequentially arranged outside the outer casing 1 from the window to the output window side. The electrodes 4 extend into the outer casing 1 and are connected to the corresponding fluorescent layer 5.
  • the insulating layer is provided with insulating materials, such as plastics, ceramics, etc., to separate the wires 8; the input window and the output window are both recessed inward to form an arc shape; the fluorescent layer 5 is provided with a fluorescent material, the fluorescent material It can produce fluorescence during X-ray irradiation or electron irradiation; for example, cesium iodide material is used; or the fluorescent material of the first layer of fluorescent layer 5 is a material that can cause X-ray irradiation to produce visible light, and the subsequent fluorescent layer 5 Use materials that can generate visible light when electrons are irradiated.
  • insulating materials such as plastics, ceramics, etc.
  • the first layer uses cesium iodide material
  • the subsequent fluorescent layer 5 uses zinc cadmium sulfide material
  • the photocathode layer 6 is provided with a photocathode
  • X-rays enter the housing 1 through the input window
  • fluorescence is first generated in the fluorescent layer 5 of the first image multiplication layer, and the fluorescence is irradiated to the photocathode layer 6 to excite and generate electrons.
  • the generated electrons are accelerated from one end of the wire 8 to the other of the wire 8 under an externally applied voltage.
  • the electrons with increased speed collide with the fluorescent layer 5 of the next image multiplication layer, generating stronger light, and exciting the photocathode of this layer to generate more electrons.
  • the speed increases again.
  • the number of electrons is geometrically multiplied, which is convenient for the final high-speed movement to hit the fluorescent layer 5 set at the output window to form a high-brightness visible light image for recording, Take pictures and image storage.
  • the output layer is also arranged between the output window and the layer 7 of the insulated wire 8 closest to the output window.
  • the output layer includes a fluorescent output layer 9 and a flat output screen 10 made of flat transparent glass.
  • the fluorescent output layer 9 is made of fluorescent material, such as fluorescein isothiocyanate.
  • the fluorescent output layer 9 is arranged in parallel with the output screen, and the output screen is arranged on the side close to the output window to facilitate high-speed moving electrons to hit the fluorescent output layer 9. Then, a high-brightness visible light image is formed through the output screen; here, the output screen facilitates light transmission and supports the fluorescent output layer 9 and facilitates the arrangement of the fluorescent output layer 9.
  • the length of the wire 8 of the insulated wire 8 layer 7 closest to the output window increases from the middle to the periphery to form a concave arc shape in the middle, and the middle of the output window corresponds to the concave arc shape.
  • the distal end of the wire 8 of the 8th layer 7 of the insulated wire is made into an arc shape, and the arc of the output window is the same as the center of the circle where the arc of the 8th layer 7 of the insulated wire is located, which is convenient to form a parallel arrangement, so that the final high-speed moving electrons can be better Concentrated together to form a reduced high-brightness visible light image for recording, photographing and image storage.
  • One side of the output window in the vacuum chamber is also provided with an arc-shaped output screen 11 made of flat light-transmitting glass.
  • the arc-shaped output screen 11 here has a light-transmitting and sealing function, which is convenient for the final high-speed movement of electrons. When the impact passes through, a visible light image is formed on the subsequent external receiving screen, which also serves to seal the outer casing 1.
  • the output window may not be provided, and the arc-shaped output screen 11 may be used to replace the rear cover 3.
  • the image multiplying layer is provided with 3 or 4 layers, and the 3 or 4 image multiplying layers are arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and the distance between each image multiplying layer is 3m-200mm, preferably the distance is 50mm.
  • the voltage of the electrode 4 applied from the input window to the outer housing 1 on the output window side increases sequentially, and the voltage of the electrode 4 applied from the input window to the outer housing 1 on the output window side sequentially ranges from 0V to several thousand volts, Tens of kilovolts, the commonly used voltage is 0-30kV.
  • the voltage of the electrode 4 corresponding to the 8 layer 7 of the insulated wire on the input window side is 0V
  • the second voltage is 8kV
  • the second voltage is 16kV, so as to increase sequentially.
  • the input window is made of a material with low X-ray absorption rate
  • the output window is made of a transparent material
  • the outer shell 1 is made of an insulating and opaque material.
  • the input window is made of glass or aluminum plate to facilitate X-ray projection;
  • the output screen is made of glass, and the converted electrons are output outward;
  • the outer shell 1 is made of glass or quartz, which is insulated and opaque.
  • a method for multiplying X-ray images The steps are to first convert the irradiated X-rays into visible light, then obtain electrons through the obtained visible light, then accelerate the electrons, and use the accelerated electrons to generate stronger visible light, and then pass Obtained visible light gets more electrons, so back and forth, get more electrons, and finally form a high-brightness visible light image, realizing the multiplication of X-ray images;
  • the specific implementation process is to first convert X-rays into fluorescence through the fluorescent layer.
  • the fluorescent photons irradiate the photocathode layer to generate electrons.
  • the electrons are accelerated under the action of the electric field applied by the electrode, move along the wire and accelerate to hit the next layer of fluorescent layer.

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  • Image-Pickup Tubes, Image-Amplification Tubes, And Storage Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

一种平板倍增影像增强器，包括圆柱状外壳体，外壳体的一端密封安装有前盖，前盖上开设有输入窗，外壳体的另一端密封安装有后盖，后盖上开设有输出窗；外壳体内设置有真空腔室，从输入窗至输出窗侧的真空腔室内依次设置有若干层影像倍增层，每层影像倍增层均包括依次设置的荧光层、光电阴极层和绝缘导线层，绝缘导线层包括若干根垂直与光电阴极层设置的导线，导线之间设置有绝缘层；从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体外依次设置有若干与绝缘导线层配合的电极，电极伸入外壳体与对应的荧光层导通。该增强器密封性好、安全可靠、有效防止X射线的泄露，并且能够通过影像倍增层对X射线的成像效果进行几何倍增，实现小量X射线形成高亮度可见光图像。

Description

一种平板倍增影像增强器及倍增方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种X射线影像增强器，特别是一种平板倍增影像增强器，具体还涉及该平板倍增影像增强器的倍增方法。
背景技术
X射线是波长介于紫外线和γ射线之间的电磁波。
目前X射线广泛用于医疗影像诊断及工业探伤等领域，在X射线检测系统中的影像增强器是必不可少的组件，先通过影像增强器接收和加强影像，再通过相机将影像增强器上的图像信息提取交由计算机处理。
虽然X射线能够穿透许多对可见光不透明物质进行成像，但是X射线本身对人体有害的，因而实际应用中既要保证实现图像清晰可见、可数字存储，又要尽可能的减少X射线的量，因而对影像增强器的要求越来越高，急需能够实现小量X射线进行清晰成像的影像增强器。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种设计合理、密封性好、能够实现小量X射线进行清晰成像的平板倍增影像增强器。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供一种使用该平板倍增影像增强器进行X射线影像倍增的方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是通过以下的技术方案来实现的。本发明是一种平板倍增影像增强器，该增强器包括圆柱状外壳体，外壳体的一端密封安装有前盖，前盖上开设有输入窗，外壳体的另一端密 封安装有后盖，后盖上开设有输出窗；外壳体内设置有真空腔室，从输入窗至输出窗侧的真空腔室内依次设置有若干层影像倍增层，每层影像倍增层均包括依次设置的荧光层、光电阴极层和绝缘导线层，绝缘导线层包括若干根垂直与光电阴极层设置的导线，导线之间设置有绝缘层；从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体外依次设置有若干与绝缘导线层配合的电极，电极伸入外壳体与对应的荧光层导通。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现，对于以上所述的平板倍增影像增强器，所述输出窗与距离输出窗最近的绝缘导线层之间还设置有输出层，输出层包括依次设置的荧光输出层和采用平板透光玻璃制成的平板输出屏。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现，对于以上所述的平板倍增影像增强器，所述距离输出窗最近的绝缘导线层的导线的长度从中部至四周依次增大形成中部内凹的圆弧状，输出窗的中部对应内凹形成圆弧状。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现，对于以上所述的平板倍增影像增强器，所述真空腔室内的输出窗的一侧还设置有采用平板透光玻璃制成的弧形输出屏。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现，对于以上所述的平板倍增影像增强器，所述影像倍增层设置有3层或4层，3层或4层的影像倍增层等间距平行设置。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现，对于以上所述的平板倍增影像增强器，所述从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体外施加的电极的电压依次增大。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一 步实现，对于以上所述的平板倍增影像增强器，所述输入窗采用对X射线吸收率低的材料制成，输出窗采用透明材料制成，外壳体采用绝缘不透光材料制成。
本发明所要解决的技术问题还可以通过以下的技术方案来进一步实现，对于以上所述的平板倍增影像增强器，一种X射线影像倍增的方法，其步骤如下，先通过荧光层将X射线转换成荧光，荧光的光子照射光电阴极层产生电子，电子在电极施加的电场作用下加速，沿着导线加速移动，对下一层荧光层撞击，产生更强的荧光，再照射该层的光电阴极层，产生更多的电子，并继续加速撞击下一层荧光层，如此往复，获得数量更多的电子，最后形成高亮度可见光图像。
与现有技术相比，本发明在真空腔室内设置若干层影像倍增层，从输入窗进入的X射线，先通过第一层影像倍增层的荧光层，转换成荧光，对第一层影像倍增层的光电阴极进行照射，激发电子，在外壳体外电极施加的高压电场作用下，激发的电子沿第一层影像倍增层的导线的一端加速移向导线的另一端，并继续移向下一层影像倍增层的荧光层一端，该层荧光层因电子撞击速度增加，产生亮度更大的荧光，进而使该层光电阴极层激发的电子数量更多，经过若干层影像倍增层的倍增，电子数量大大增多，便于形成高亮度可见光图像，供录制、拍照及图像存储；其次，还可以将最后一层的绝缘导线层制成圆弧形，以形成缩小高亮度可见光图像，便于更好的供录制、拍照及图像存储。该增强器密封性好、安全可靠、有效防止X射线的泄露，并且能够通过影像倍增层对X射线的成像效果进行几何倍增，实现小量X射线形成高亮度可见光图像。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种结构示意图；
图2为本发明的另一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
参照图1，一种平板倍增影像增强器，该增强器包括圆柱状外壳体1，外壳体1的一端密封安装有前盖2，前盖2上开设有输入窗，外壳体1的另一端密封安装有后盖3，后盖3上开设有输出窗；外壳体1内设置有真空腔室，从输入窗至输出窗侧的真空腔室内依次设置有若干层影像倍增层，每层影像倍增层均包括依次设置的荧光层5、光电阴极层6和绝缘导线8层7，绝缘导线8层7包括若干根垂直与光电阴极层6设置的导线8，导线8之间设置有绝缘层；从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体1外依次设置有若干与绝缘导线8层7配合的电极4，电极4伸入外壳体1与对应的荧光层5导通。绝缘层处设置绝缘材料，如塑料、陶瓷等，用于将导线8分隔开；输入窗与输出窗均中部向内下凹形成圆弧状；荧光层5处设置有荧光材料，该荧光材料既可以在X射线照射产生荧光，也可以在电子照射时产生荧光；如采用碘化铯材料；或者第一层荧光层5的荧光材料为能使X射线照射产生可见光的材料，后续荧光层5采用能够在电子照射时产生可见光的材料，如第一层采用碘化铯材料，后续荧光层5采用硫化锌镉材料； 光电阴极层6设置有光电阴极；X射线由输入窗进入外壳体1内后，先在第一层影像倍增层的荧光层5产生荧光，荧光照射到光电阴极层6，激发产生电子，产生的电子在外部施加的电压下从导线8的一端加速移向导线8的另一端，并继续向下一层影像倍增层高速移动，速度增加的电子对下一层影像倍增层的荧光层5撞击，产生更强的光，使该层光电阴极激发产生更多数量的电子，在该层对应的电压作用下速度再次增强，经过若干层影像倍增层后，电子数量得到几何倍增，便于最终高速运动撞击到设置在输出窗处荧光层5，形成高亮度可见光图像，供录制、拍照及图像存储。
所述输出窗与距离输出窗最近的绝缘导线8层7之间还设置有输出层，输出层包括依次设置的荧光输出层9和采用平板透光玻璃制成的平板输出屏10。荧光输出层9采用荧光物质制成，如异硫氰酸荧光素，荧光输出层9与输出屏平行设置，输出屏设置在靠近输出窗的一侧，便于高速运动电子撞击到荧光输出层9，再透过输出屏形成高亮度可见光图像；此处输出屏便于透光和承载荧光输出层9，便于荧光输出层9的设置。
参照图2，所述距离输出窗最近的绝缘导线8层7的导线8的长度从中部至四周依次增大形成中部内凹的圆弧状，输出窗的中部对应内凹形成圆弧状，该处绝缘导线8层7的导线8远端制成圆弧形，输出窗的圆弧与绝缘导线8层7的圆弧所在圆的圆心相同，便于形成平行设置，使得最终高速运动电子能够更好的集中汇聚一起，形成缩小高亮度可见光图像，供录制、拍照及图像存储。
所述真空腔室内的输出窗的一侧还设置有采用平板透光玻璃制 成的弧形输出屏11，此处的弧形输出屏11起到透光、封闭作用，既便于最终高速运动电子撞击穿过，在后续外部设置的接收屏上形成可见光图像，也起到对外壳体1封闭作用；设置弧形输出屏11时，可不设置输出窗，利用弧形输出屏11替代后盖3。
所述影像倍增层设置有3层或4层，3层或4层影像倍增层等间距平行设置，每层影像倍增层之间的间距为3m-200mm，优选间距为50mm。
所述从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体1外施加的电极4的电压依次增大，从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体1外施加的电极4的电压依次为0V至数千伏、数十千伏，常采用的电压为0-30kV，如在输入窗侧的第一处与绝缘导线8层7对应的电极4的电压为0V，第二处电压为8kV，第二处电压为16kV，如此依次递增。
所述输入窗采用对X射线吸收率低的材料制成，输出窗采用透明材料制成，外壳体1采用绝缘不透光材料制成。输入窗采用玻璃或铝板制成，便于X射线投射；输出屏采用玻璃制成，转换成的电子向外输出；外壳体1采用玻璃或石英制成，绝缘不透光。
一种X射线影像倍增的方法，步骤为，先将照射的X射线转换成可见光，再通过获得的可见光获得电子，然后对电子进行加速，并利用加速后的电子产生更强的可见光，再通过获得的可见光得到更多的电子，如此往复，获得数量更多的电子，最后形成高亮度可见光图像，实现X射线影像的倍增；
具体实施过程为，先通过荧光层将X射线转换成荧光，荧光的光子照射光电阴极层产生电子，电子在电极施加的电场作用下加速，沿着导线加速移动，对下一层荧光层撞击，产生更强的荧光，再照射该层 的光电阴极层，产生更多的电子，并继续加速撞击下一层荧光层，如此往复，获得数量更多的电子，最后形成高亮度可见光图像。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种平板倍增影像增强器，其特征在于：该增强器包括圆柱状外壳体，外壳体的一端密封安装有前盖，前盖上开设有输入窗，外壳体的另一端密封安装有后盖，后盖上开设有输出窗；外壳体内设置有真空腔室，从输入窗至输出窗侧的真空腔室内依次设置有若干层影像倍增层，每层影像倍增层均包括依次设置的荧光层、光电阴极层和绝缘导线层，绝缘导线层包括若干根垂直与光电阴极层设置的导线，导线之间设置有绝缘层；从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体外依次设置有若干与绝缘导线层配合的电极，电极伸入外壳体与对应的荧光层导通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的平板倍增影像增强器，其特征在于：所述输出窗与距离输出窗最近的绝缘导线层之间还设置有输出层，输出层包括依次设置的荧光输出层和采用平板透光玻璃制成的平板输出屏。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的平板倍增影像增强器，其特征在于：所述距离输出窗最近的绝缘导线层的导线的长度从中部至四周依次增大形成中部内凹的圆弧状，输出窗的中部对应内凹形成圆弧状。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的平板倍增影像增强器，其特征在于：所述真空腔室内的输出窗的一侧还设置有采用平板透光玻璃制成的弧形输出屏。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的平板倍增影像增强器，其特征在于：所述影像倍增层设置有3层或4层，3层或4层的影像倍增层等间距平行设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的平板倍增影像增强器，其特征在于：所述从输入窗至输出窗侧的外壳体外施加的电极的电压依次增大。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的平板倍增影像增强器，其特征在于：所述输入窗采用对X射线吸收率低的材料制成，输出窗采用透明材料制成，外壳体采用绝缘不透光材料制成。
  8. 一种X射线影像倍增的方法，其特征在于：该方法使用权利要求1-7任意一项所述的平板倍增影像增强器，其步骤如下，先通过荧光层将X射线转换成荧光，荧光的光子照射光电阴极层产生电子，电子在电极施加的电场作用下加速，沿着导线加速移动，对下一层荧光层撞击，产生更强的荧光，再照射该层的光电阴极层，产生更多的电子，并继续加速撞击下一层荧光层，如此往复，获得数量更多的电子，最后形成高亮度可见光图像。
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