WO2020143653A1 - 吡喃葡萄糖基衍生物的制备方法及其中间体 - Google Patents

吡喃葡萄糖基衍生物的制备方法及其中间体 Download PDF

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WO2020143653A1
WO2020143653A1 PCT/CN2020/070860 CN2020070860W WO2020143653A1 WO 2020143653 A1 WO2020143653 A1 WO 2020143653A1 CN 2020070860 W CN2020070860 W CN 2020070860W WO 2020143653 A1 WO2020143653 A1 WO 2020143653A1
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formula
compound represented
vii
amount
reaction
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PCT/CN2020/070860
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French (fr)
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顾峥
曲桐
伍武勇
黄伟明
张宗远
吴天云
桑梓福
张英俊
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广东东阳光药业有限公司
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Priority to CN202080007079.4A priority Critical patent/CN113195510B/zh
Publication of WO2020143653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143653A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H1/00Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07HSUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H9/00Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical
    • C07H9/02Compounds containing a hetero ring sharing at least two hetero atoms with a saccharide radical the hetero ring containing only oxygen as ring hetero atoms
    • C07H9/04Cyclic acetals

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  • the invention belongs to the field of medicinal chemistry, and particularly relates to a preparation method of glucopyranosyl derivatives as sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) inhibitors and important intermediates thereof.
  • SGLT sodium-dependent glucose transporter
  • glucose transporter is a type of carrier protein embedded in the cell membrane to transport glucose.
  • Glucose must pass through the lipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane with the help of glucose transporter.
  • Glucose transporters are divided into two categories, one is sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs); the other is glucose transporters (GLUTs).
  • the two main family members of SGLTs are SGLT-1 and SGLT-2.
  • SGLT-1 is mainly distributed in the small intestine, kidney, heart and trachea. It is mainly expressed in the S3 stage of the small intestinal brush border and the proximal tubule of the kidney. A small amount is expressed in the heart and trachea.
  • SGLT-2 is mainly distributed in the kidney, mainly expressed in the S1 segment of the renal proximal tubule, and transports glucose at a ratio of 1:1 sodium-glucose.
  • SGLTs actively transport glucose against a concentration gradient while consuming energy
  • GLUTs transport glucose along a concentration gradient in an easy-to-diffusion manner, and the transport process does not consume energy.
  • SGLT-2 in the proximal S1 segment of the renal tubule
  • 10% of the glucose is trapped in the S3 segment of the distal tubule
  • SGLT-1 is actively transported to epithelial cells, and then transported to the surrounding capillary network by GLUT on the basement membrane side of epithelial cells, completing the reabsorption of glucose by the renal tubules. Therefore, SGLTs are the first checkpoint for regulating cell sugar metabolism and an ideal target for effective treatment of diabetes.
  • SGLTs inhibitors do not depend on the islet ⁇ -cell dysfunction or the degree of insulin resistance. Therefore, its effect does not decrease with ⁇ -cell failure or severe insulin resistance. It can be used alone or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents. Therefore, SGLTs inhibitors are ideal new hypoglycemic agents.
  • SGLTs inhibitors can be used to treat diabetes-related complications. Such as retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney disease, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity caused by glucose metabolism disorders.
  • SGLTs inhibitors can also be used in combination with existing therapeutic drugs, such as sulfonamide, thiazolidinedione, metformin, and insulin, etc., without affecting the efficacy of the drug, reducing the dosage of the drug, thereby avoiding or reducing the adverse reactions. Occurrence, improve the patient's compliance with treatment.
  • WO2016173425 discloses the compound represented by formula (I), and discloses the preparation methods of two compounds represented by formula (I). The synthetic route is as follows:
  • the synthetic route 1 uses the compound represented by the formula (III) as a starting material, and the compound represented by the formula (I) is obtained through the addition with dimethyl zinc and the removal of the protective group on the hydroxyl group;
  • the synthetic route 2 uses the formula (III)
  • the compound shown is the starting material, which is first added with methyl Grignard reagent, and then the protective group on the hydroxyl group is removed by oxidation and reducing agent to obtain the compound of formula (I);
  • the invention optimizes the synthetic route of the compound represented by formula (I) and provides a preparation method more suitable for industrial production.
  • the preparation method provided by the present invention has fewer synthesis steps and a higher intermediate yield, can effectively remove impurities, so that the total yield is greatly improved, and the total yield can reach 20%, even up to 30%, the resulting product has high optical purity, which greatly reduces the production cost; on the other hand, the preparation process does not use silica gel column chromatography purification, simple post-processing, easy purification, low requirements for equipment, the process is more Safe and controllable, simple.
  • the preparation of the intermediate represented by formula (IX) includes the following steps: First, compound (XIII) is oxidized under the oxidation system of sodium hypochlorite, TEMPO, sodium bicarbonate, and potassium bromide to obtain compound (XII); then, compound (XII) XII) reacts with N-methylpiperazine to obtain compound (XI); then, compound (XI) is oxidized to obtain compound (X); finally, methyl iodovalerate firstly reacts with isopropyl magnesium chloride lithium chloride or isopropyl The propyl magnesium chloride reacts and then undergoes a Grignard reaction with the compound (X) to obtain the compound (IX).
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing a compound represented by formula (I) and an intermediate thereof.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing a compound represented by formula (VI-a), which includes the following steps:
  • the method for preparing the compound represented by formula (VI-a) includes the following steps:
  • the chiral ligand 1 is a dihydroxy chiral ligand or a metal ligand.
  • the dihydroxy chiral ligand is R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol ((R)-BINOL), (4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl -a,a,a',a'-tetraphenyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol (TADDOL), (S)-(-)-5,5',6,6 ',7,7',8,8'-octahydro-1,1'-2-naphthol ((S)-H 8 -BINOL) or Salen ligand.
  • R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol ((R)-BINOL)
  • (4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl -a,a,a',a'-tetraphenyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol TADDOL
  • the metal ligand is a metal-Salen ligand, a metal-BINOL ligand, or (1R,2R)-(+)-N,N'-di-p-toluenesulfonyl-1,2- Cyclohexanediamine-metal ligand.
  • the metal-Salen ligand is Zn-Salen ligand, Mn-Salen ligand, Ti-Salen ligand, or Cr-Salen ligand; in still other embodiments, the metal- Salen ligand is Ti-Salen ligand.
  • the metal-BINOL ligand is Zn-BINOL ligand, Mn-BINOL ligand, Ti-BINOL ligand or Cr-BINOL ligand.
  • BINOL in the metal-BINOL ligand is in the R configuration or the S configuration.
  • the Salen ligand, Zn-Salen ligand, Mn-Salen ligand, Ti-Salen ligand, and Cr-Salen ligand are preferably the following structures:
  • the amount of the substance of the metal-Salen ligand is 0.1 to 1.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is 1.0 times or less of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is 0.10 to 1.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is less than 0.2 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is of formula (VII) 0.1 times or 0.2 times the indicated compounds.
  • the amount of the substance of R-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol is 0.01 to 0.9 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the R- The amount of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol is 0.05 to 0.2 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol The amount of the substance is 0.05 times, 0.1 times or 0.2 times of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of the Ti-BINOL ligand is 0.01 to 0.20 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the Ti-BINOL ligand is 0.01 to 0.10 times the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • step (a) further adds isopropyl titanate, CrCl 2 , ZnCl 2 , MnCl 2 or cobalt acetate.
  • the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is 0.5 to 5.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in other embodiments, the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate 1.0 to 4.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is 0.5 to 2.5 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments , The amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is 1.0 to 2.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is represented by formula (VII) 3.0 to 4.0 times the compound; in some embodiments, the amount of the isopropyl titanate substance is 1.0 times, 1.4 times, 2.0 times, 3.0 times, or 4.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the methylating agent 1 is methyl magnesium bromide, methyl magnesium chloride, methyl lithium, trimethyl aluminum, or dimethyl zinc.
  • the amount of the substance of the methylation reagent 1 is 3.0 to 6.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the methylation reagent 1 is the formula (VII) 4.0 to 6.0 times the compound shown; in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the methylating reagent 1 is 4.0 times, 5.0 times, or 6.0 times the compound shown by the formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of dimethyl zinc is 3.0 to 6.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of dimethyl zinc is of the formula ( VII) 4.0 to 6.0 times the compound shown; in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of dimethyl zinc is 4.0 times, 5.0 times, or 6.0 times the compound shown by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the methylmagnesium bromide substance is 3.0 to 6.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the methylmagnesium bromide substance is 4.0 to 6.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of methylmagnesium bromide is 4.0 to 5.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, The amount of the methylmagnesium bromide substance is 4.0 times or 5.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • dimethyl zinc may be a 1 mol/L toluene solution of dimethyl zinc.
  • the reaction solvent of step (a) is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, or any combination thereof.
  • the reaction temperature of step (a) is 10°C to 40°C, and in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (a) is 20°C to 30°C.
  • the compound represented by formula (VII) in step (a) is added in a dropwise manner, and the temperature of the reaction solution when dropping the compound represented by formula (VII) is -10°C to 25°C; in some embodiments In step (a), the temperature of the reaction liquid when the compound represented by formula (VII) is added dropwise is -10°C to 0°C.
  • the methylating reagent 1 of step (a) is methylmagnesium bromide
  • the reaction solvent is dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, o-xylene, para Xylene, m-xylene or any combination thereof; or, the methylating reagent 1 of step (a) is dimethyl zinc, and the reaction solvent is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene , O-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene or any combination thereof.
  • step (a) performs an asymmetric addition reaction of the aldehyde group through the methylating reagent 1 to introduce a new chiral center.
  • This reaction can obtain a product with a high ee value by optimizing the selection of chiral ligands. And the yield of the compound represented by the intermediate formula (VI-a) is high.
  • the type and amount of methylating reagent 1 affect the reaction differently.
  • the reaction is complete and the ee value of the product is high; or, when the methylation Reagent 1 is methylmagnesium bromide, and the amount of methylmagnesium bromide is 4.0 to 5.0 times the compound of formula (VII), the reaction is complete, and the ee value of the product is high.
  • the preparation method of formula (VI-a) of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the methylation reagent 1 is methylmagnesium bromide, wherein the amount of the methylmagnesium bromide is 4.0 to 5.0 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • step (a) isopropyl titanate is further added, wherein the amount of the isopropyl titanate is 3.0 to 4.0 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • the reaction solvent in step (a) is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene or any combination thereof;
  • the reaction temperature in step (a) is 20°C to 30°C;
  • Step (a) The compound represented by formula (VII) is added in a dropwise manner, and the temperature of the reaction solution when the compound represented by formula (VII) is added dropwise is -10°C to 0°C.
  • the preparation method of formula (VI-a) of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the chiral ligand 1 is R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol, wherein the amount of the substance of R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol is represented by formula (VII) 0.05 to 0.2 times of the compound; or the chiral ligand 1 is a Salen ligand, wherein the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is 0.2 times or less of the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • the methylating reagent 1 is dimethyl zinc, wherein the amount of the dimethyl zinc substance is 4.0 to 6.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • step (a) isopropyl titanate is further added, wherein the amount of the isopropyl titanate is 1.0 to 2.0 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • the reaction solvent in step (a) is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene or any combination thereof;
  • the reaction temperature in step (a) is 20°C to 30°C;
  • step (a) The compound represented by formula (VII) in step (a) is added dropwise, and the temperature of the reaction solution when the compound represented by formula (VII) is added dropwise is -10°C to 0°C.
  • the preparation method of formula (VI-a) of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the chiral ligand 1 is a Salen ligand, wherein the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is 0.2 times or less of the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • the methylation reagent 1 is methylmagnesium bromide, wherein the amount of the methylmagnesium bromide is 4.0 to 5.0 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • step (a) isopropyl titanate is further added, wherein the amount of the isopropyl titanate is 3.0 to 4.0 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (VII);
  • the reaction solvent in step (a) is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene or any combination thereof;
  • the reaction temperature in step (a) is 20°C to 30°C;
  • Step (a) The compound represented by formula (VII) is added in a dropwise manner, and the temperature of the reaction solution when the compound represented by formula (VII) is added dropwise is -10°C to 0°C.
  • the present invention relates to a compound represented by formula (VI-a) prepared by the preparation method of formula (VI-a) according to the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing a compound represented by formula (I), which includes the following steps:
  • R 1 and R 2 are each independently benzyl, triphenylmethyl, p-methoxybenzyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, tri Ethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, dihydropyranyl, bromopropenyl, ethylformyl, acetyl or benzoyl Acyl,
  • the acidic condition described in step (d) is that the reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid, and the acid is hydrochloric acid or acetic acid.
  • the hydrogen source of the hydroreduction reaction in step (d) is hydrogen gas.
  • the catalyst used in the hydroreduction reaction in step (d) is palladium/carbon, palladium hydroxide/carbon, palladium chloride, platinum/carbon, Raney nickel or palladium chloride.
  • the mass ratio of the catalyst to the compound represented by formula (II) is (0.02:1) to (0.8:1); in some embodiments, the catalyst is represented by formula (II)
  • the mass ratio of the compound is (0.1:1) to (0.6 to 1); in some embodiments, in some embodiments, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the compound represented by formula (II) is (0.05:1) to (0.2:1); In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the catalyst to the compound represented by formula (II) is 0.1:1, 0.05:1 or 0.2:1.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing the compound represented by formula (II), which includes the following steps:
  • X is Cl, Br or I
  • R 1 and R 2 has the definition described in the present invention.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are methyl quaternary ammonium salt, benzyl quaternary ammonium salt, ethyl quaternary ammonium salt, oxalate , Citrate, hydrochloride, phosphate or acetate.
  • the hydroxy-protecting reagent 1 is 2,2-dimethoxypropane, benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, trimethylchlorosilane, or tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane.
  • the reaction solvent of step (b) is toluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, methylene chloride, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, or any combination thereof.
  • the reaction temperature of step (b) is 0°C to 40°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (b) is 10°C to 40°C; in some embodiments, step (b) The reaction temperature is 10°C to 30°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature in step (b) is 20°C to 30°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature is 8°C, 10°C, 12°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C or room temperature.
  • the effects of different hydroxyl protecting agents 1 on the reaction are different.
  • the present invention has found that when the hydroxyl protecting agent 1 is 2,2-dimethoxypropane or benzaldehyde di In the case of methylal, the yield of the reaction is higher, the obtained compound of formula (IV) is more stable, and the purity is higher.
  • step (c) the amount of the substance represented by the compound represented by formula (IV) is 1.0 to 4.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (III-a) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; In some embodiments, in step (c), the amount of the substance represented by the compound represented by formula (IV) is 1.0 to 1.5 times that of the compound represented by formula (III-a) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; In an embodiment, in step (c), the amount of the substance of the compound represented by formula (IV) is 1.0 to 1.4 times that of the compound represented by formula (III-a) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in some implementations In the scheme, in step (c), the amount of the substance of the compound represented by formula (IV) is 1.2 to 1.4 times that of the compound represented by formula (III-a) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; in some embodiments In step (c), the amount of the substance represented by the compound represented by formula (IV) is 1.4 times, 1.2 times or 1.3 times the compound represented by formula (III-
  • reaction temperature of step (c) is 10°C to 40°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (c) is 20°C to 30°C.
  • the reaction solvent of step (c) is tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, dichloromethane, or any combination thereof.
  • the method for preparing the compound represented by formula (II) of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • X is Cl, Br or I
  • R 1 and R 2 has the definition described in the present invention.
  • the hydroxy-protecting reagent 1 is 2,2-dimethoxypropane, benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, trimethylchlorosilane, or tert-butyldimethyl chloride Silane.
  • the reaction solvent of step (b 1 ) is toluene, 1,2-dichloroethane, dichloromethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, or any combination thereof.
  • the reaction temperature of step (b 1 ) is 0°C to 40°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (b 1 ) is 10°C to 40°C; in some embodiments, the step (b b 1 ) The reaction temperature is 20°C to 30°C.
  • step (c 1 ) the amount of the substance of the compound represented by formula (IV) is 1.0 to 1.4 times that of the compound represented by formula (III-b); in some embodiments, step (c) In c 1 ), the amount of the substance of the compound represented by formula (IV) is 1.2 to 1.4 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (III-b); in some embodiments, in step (c 1 ), the formula The amount of the compound represented by (IV) is 1.2 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (III-b).
  • the reaction temperature of step (c 1 ) is from 10°C to 40°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (c 1 ) is from 20°C to 30°C.
  • the reaction solvent of step (c 1 ) is tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, dichloromethane, or any combination thereof.
  • the method for preparing the compound of formula (VI-a) of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the method for preparing the compound of formula (VI-a) of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the chiral ligand 1 is a dihydroxy chiral ligand or a metal ligand.
  • the dihydroxy chiral ligand is R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol ((R)-BINOL), (4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl -a,a,a',a'-tetraphenyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol (TADDOL), (S)-(-)-5,5',6,6 ',7,7',8,8'-octahydro-1,1'-2-naphthol ((S)-H 8 -BINOL) or Salen ligand.
  • R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol ((R)-BINOL)
  • (4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl -a,a,a',a'-tetraphenyl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol TADDOL
  • the metal ligand is a metal-Salen ligand, a metal-BINOL ligand, or (1R,2R)-(+)-N,N'-di-p-toluenesulfonyl-1,2- Cyclohexanediamine-metal ligand.
  • the metal-Salen ligand is Zn-Salen ligand, Mn-Salen ligand, Ti-Salen ligand, or Cr-Salen ligand; in some embodiments, the metal-Salen ligand The ligand is Ti-Salen ligand.
  • the metal-BINOL ligand is Zn-BINOL ligand, Mn-BINOL ligand, Ti-BINOL ligand or Cr-BINOL ligand.
  • BINOL in the metal-BINOL ligand is in the R configuration or the S configuration.
  • the Salen ligand, Zn-Salen ligand, Mn-Salen ligand, Ti-Salen ligand, and Cr-Salen ligand are preferably the following structures:
  • the amount of the substance of the metal-Salen ligand is 0.1 to 1.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is 1.0 times or less of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is 0.10 to 1.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII). In still other embodiments, the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is less than 0.2 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the Salen ligand is of formula (VII) 0.1 times or 0.2 times the indicated compounds.
  • the amount of the substance of R-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol is 0.01 to 0.9 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the R- The amount of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol is 0.05 to 0.2 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the R-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol The amount of the substance is 0.05 times, 0.1 times or 0.2 times of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of the Ti-BINOL ligand is 0.01 to 0.20 times the amount of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the Ti-BINOL ligand is 0.05 to 0.20 times the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • step (a) further adds isopropyl titanate, CrCl 2 , ZnCl 2 , MnCl 2 or cobalt acetate.
  • the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is 0.5 to 5.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in other embodiments, the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate 1.0 to 4.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is 0.5 to 2.5 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments , The amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is 1.0 to 2.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of isopropyl titanate is represented by formula (VII) 3.0 to 4.0 times the compound; in some embodiments, the amount of the isopropyl titanate substance is 1.0 times, 1.4 times, 2.0 times, 3.0 times, or 4.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • the methylating agent 1 is methyl magnesium bromide, methyl magnesium chloride, methyl lithium, trimethyl aluminum, or dimethyl zinc.
  • the amount of the substance of the methylation reagent 1 is 3.0 to 6.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the methylation reagent 1 is the formula (VII) 4.0 to 6.0 times the compound shown; in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of the methylating reagent 1 is 4.0 times, 5.0 times, or 6.0 times the compound shown by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the substance of dimethyl zinc is 3.0 to 6.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of dimethyl zinc is of the formula ( VII) 4.0 to 6.0 times the compound shown; in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of dimethyl zinc is 4.0 times, 5.0 times, or 6.0 times the compound shown by formula (VII).
  • the amount of the methylmagnesium bromide substance is 3.0 to 6.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the methylmagnesium bromide substance is 4.0 to 6.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, the amount of the substance of methylmagnesium bromide is 4.0 to 5.0 times the compound represented by formula (VII); in some embodiments, The amount of the methylmagnesium bromide substance is 4.0 times or 5.0 times that of the compound represented by formula (VII).
  • dimethyl zinc may be a 1 mol/L toluene solution of dimethyl zinc.
  • the reaction solvent of step (a) is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, or any combination thereof.
  • the reaction temperature of step (a) is 10°C to 40°C, and in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (a) is 20°C to 30°C.
  • the compound represented by formula (VII) in step (a) is added in a dropwise manner, and the temperature of the reaction solution when dropping the compound represented by formula (VII) is -10°C to 25°C; in some embodiments In step (a), the temperature of the reaction liquid when the compound represented by formula (VII) is added dropwise is -10°C to 0°C.
  • the methylating reagent 1 of step (a) is methylmagnesium bromide
  • the reaction solvent is dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene, o-xylene, para Xylene, m-xylene or any combination thereof; or, the methylating reagent 1 of step (a) is dimethyl zinc, and the reaction solvent is methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methyl tert-butyl ether, toluene , O-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene or any combination thereof.
  • step (a) performs an asymmetric addition reaction of the aldehyde group through the methylating reagent 1 to introduce a new chiral center.
  • This reaction can obtain a high ee value product by optimizing the selection of chiral ligands.
  • the yield of the compound represented by the intermediate formula (VI-a) is high.
  • the type and amount of methylating reagent 1 affect the reaction differently.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing the compound represented by formula (VII), which includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) The crude product containing the compound represented by formula (IX) is dissolved in solvent A, and then solvent B is added thereto to precipitate a solid compound represented by formula (IX),
  • Step (2) The compound represented by the formula (IX) undergoes a hydrolysis reaction under the action of the alkaline reagent 1 to obtain the compound represented by the formula (VIII),
  • Step (3) The compound represented by formula (VIII) undergoes oxidation reaction in the presence of oxidant 1 to obtain the compound represented by formula (VII),
  • the compound represented by formula (VII) may optionally be further purified by the following steps:
  • Step (3-1) The compound represented by formula (VII) reacts with sodium bisulfite to produce the compound represented by formula (VII-a);
  • reaction solvent of step (3-1) is water.
  • the reaction solvent of step (3-2) is toluene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, n-heptane, methyl tert-butyl ether, diethyl ether, or any combination thereof.
  • the alkaline agent described in step (3-2) is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or cesium carbonate.
  • the solvent A is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, acetone, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, benzoyl Ether or any combination thereof;
  • the solvent B is n-heptane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, water or any combination thereof.
  • the solvent A is toluene and the solvent B is n-heptane.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is water.
  • the solvent A is isopropyl alcohol and the solvent B is water.
  • the solvent A is t-butanol and the solvent B is water.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is n-heptane.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is n-hexane.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is cyclohexane.
  • the volume ratio of toluene and n-heptane is (1:3) to (1:10); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of toluene and n-heptane is (1:3) ⁇ (1:8); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of toluene to n-heptane is (1:8), (1:5), (1:3) or (1:4).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and water is (1:0) ⁇ (3:1); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and water is (1:1) ⁇ ( 3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and water is (1:0), (1:1) or (3:1).
  • the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water is (1:0) to (3:1); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water is (1:1) ⁇ (3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water is (3:1).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and n-heptane is (3:1) to (1:3); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and n-heptane is (1:1) ⁇ (3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and n-heptane is (1:1).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and n-hexane is (3:1) to (1:3); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and n-hexane is (1:1) ⁇ (3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and n-hexane is (1:1).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and cyclohexane is (3:1) to (1:3); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and cyclohexane is (1: 1) to (3:1); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and cyclohexane is (1:1).
  • the crystallization temperature of step (1) is 40°C to 10°C; in some embodiments, the crystallization temperature of step (1) is 30°C to 10°C; in some embodiments, the step (1) 1) The crystallization temperature is 20°C to 30°C.
  • the temperature for dissolving solvent A in step (1) is 50°C to 70°C; in some embodiments, the temperature for dissolving solvent A in step A is 50°C or 70°C.
  • the alkaline reagent 1 in step (2) is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide Or potassium hydroxide.
  • the solvent used in step (2) is methylene chloride, toluene, dichloroethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, xylene, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, or any combination thereof .
  • the reaction temperature of step (2) is -10°C to 30°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (2) is -10°C to 0°C.
  • the oxidant 1 of step (3) is sodium hypochlorite, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO), sulfur trioxide pyridine, oxygen, ozone, Dess-Martin oxidant, Ferric nitrate, 2-iodylbenzoic acid (IBX) or iodine.
  • TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide
  • sulfur trioxide pyridine oxygen, ozone, Dess-Martin oxidant, Ferric nitrate, 2-iodylbenzoic acid (IBX) or iodine.
  • the solvent used in step (3) is toluene, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, N,N-diisopropyl Ethyl ethylamine or any combination thereof.
  • the reaction temperature of step (3) is -10°C to 30°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (3) is 0°C to 10°C; in some embodiments, step (3 ) The reaction temperature is 0°C or 10°C.
  • the compound represented by formula (VII) obtained in step (3) needs to be further dried.
  • step (3) needs to be further washed and dried.
  • the water content of the compound represented by formula (VII) in step (3) is ⁇ 1%, and in some embodiments, the water content of the compound represented by formula (VII) is ⁇ 0.6%.
  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing an intermediate represented by formula (VII), which includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) The crude product containing the compound represented by formula (IX) is dissolved in solvent A, and then solvent B is added thereto to precipitate a solid compound represented by formula (IX),
  • Step (2) The compound represented by the formula (IX) undergoes a hydrolysis reaction under the action of the alkaline reagent 1 to obtain the compound represented by the formula (VIII),
  • Step (3) The compound represented by formula (VIII) undergoes oxidation reaction in the presence of oxidant 1 to obtain the compound represented by formula (VII),
  • the compound represented by formula (VII) may optionally be further purified by the following steps:
  • Step (3-1) The compound represented by formula (VII) reacts with sodium bisulfite to produce the compound represented by formula (VII-a);
  • reaction solvent of step (3-1) is water.
  • the reaction solvent of step (3-2) is toluene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, n-heptane, methyl tert-butyl ether, diethyl ether, or any combination thereof.
  • the alkaline agent described in step (3-2) is potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, or cesium carbonate.
  • the solvent A is methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, t-butanol, acetone, toluene, xylene, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, diethyl ether, isopropyl ether, benzoyl Ether or any combination thereof;
  • the solvent B is n-heptane, n-hexane, cyclohexane, petroleum ether, water or any combination thereof.
  • the solvent A is toluene and the solvent B is n-heptane.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is water.
  • the solvent A is isopropyl alcohol and the solvent B is water.
  • the solvent A is t-butanol and the solvent B is water.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is n-heptane.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is n-hexane.
  • the solvent A is ethanol and the solvent B is cyclohexane.
  • the volume ratio of toluene and n-heptane is (1:3) to (1:10); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of toluene and n-heptane is (1:3) ⁇ (1:8); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of toluene to n-heptane is (1:8), (1:5), (1:3) or (1:4).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and water is (1:0) ⁇ (3:1); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and water is (1:1) ⁇ ( 3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and water is (1:0), (1:1) or (3:1).
  • the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water is (1:0) to (3:1); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water is (1:1) ⁇ (3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of isopropyl alcohol to water is (3:1).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and n-heptane is (3:1) to (1:3); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and n-heptane is (1:1) to (3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol to n-heptane is (1:1).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and n-hexane is (3:1) to (1:3); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and n-hexane is (1:1) to (3:1); In some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and n-hexane is (1:1).
  • the volume ratio of ethanol and cyclohexane is (3:1) to (1:3); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and cyclohexane is (1:1 ) To (3:1); in some embodiments, the volume ratio of ethanol and cyclohexane is (1:1).
  • the crystallization temperature of step (1) is 40°C to 10°C; in some embodiments, the crystallization temperature of step (1) is 30°C to 10°C; in some embodiments As mentioned above, the crystallization temperature in step (1) is 20°C to 30°C.
  • the temperature for dissolving solvent A in step (1) is 50°C to 70°C; in some embodiments, the temperature for dissolving solvent A in step A is 50°C or 70°C.
  • the alkaline reagent 1 in step (2) is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium hydroxide Or potassium hydroxide.
  • the solvent used in step (2) is methylene chloride, toluene, dichloroethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, xylene, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, or any combination thereof .
  • the reaction temperature of step (2) is -10°C to 30°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (2) is -10°C to 0°C.
  • the oxidant 1 of step (3) is sodium hypochlorite, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO), sulfur trioxide pyridine, oxygen, ozone, Dess-Martin oxidant, Ferric nitrate, 2-iodylbenzoic acid (IBX) or iodine.
  • TEMPO 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide
  • sulfur trioxide pyridine oxygen, ozone, Dess-Martin oxidant, Ferric nitrate, 2-iodylbenzoic acid (IBX) or iodine.
  • the solvent used in step (3) is toluene, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, N,N-diisopropyl Ethyl ethylamine or any combination thereof.
  • the reaction temperature of step (3) is -10°C to 30°C; in some embodiments, the reaction temperature of step (3) is 0°C to 10°C; in some embodiments, step (3) ) The reaction temperature is 0°C or 10°C.
  • the compound represented by formula (VII) obtained in step (3) needs to be further dried.
  • step (3) needs to be further washed and dried.
  • the water content of the compound represented by formula (VII) in step (3) is ⁇ 1%, and in some embodiments, the water content of the compound represented by formula (VII) is ⁇ 0.6%.
  • the compound represented by formula (IX) of the present invention is used for the preparation of the compound represented by formula (VII) after further purification.
  • the impurities such as methyl iodide pivalate
  • the purification method is simple , Controllable, and conducive to the control of the next reaction; at the same time, the compound represented by formula (IX) obtained by purification and post-treatment is then subjected to hydrolysis and oxidation reactions, and the compound represented by formula (VII) can be obtained in high yield and high purity.
  • the inventors found through extensive experiments that when the compound represented by (IX) is not purified, the total yield of the obtained compound represented by formula (I) is less than 15%, and at the same time, the intermediate compound represented by formula (II)
  • the treatment needs to be purified by silica gel column chromatography, which is not conducive to industrial production.
  • step (3) different oxidants 1 have different effects on the reaction.
  • the present invention has found that after a large number of screening tests, when the oxidant 1 is sulfur trioxide pyridine, the reaction yield is High, the obtained compound of formula (IV) has higher purity.
  • multiple washings such as multiple washings with water or saline
  • drying treatment is required.
  • the product with high water content is easy to deteriorate.
  • the method for preparing the intermediate represented by formula (VII) of the present invention includes the following steps:
  • Step (1) The crude product containing the compound represented by formula (IX) is dissolved in solvent A, and then solvent B is added thereto to precipitate a solid compound represented by formula (IX),
  • Step (2) The compound represented by the formula (IX) undergoes a hydrolysis reaction under the action of the alkaline reagent 1 to obtain the compound represented by the formula (VIII),
  • Step (3) The compound represented by formula (VIII) undergoes oxidation reaction under the action of oxidant 1 to obtain the compound represented by formula (VII),
  • the solvent A is toluene
  • the solvent B is n-heptane
  • the volume ratio of the toluene and n-heptane is (1:3) to (1:8);
  • the crystallization temperature in step (1) is 30°C ⁇ 10°C;
  • the alkaline reagent 1 in step (2) is sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium t-butoxide, potassium t-butoxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide;
  • the solvent used in step (2) is methylene chloride, toluene, dichloroethane, methyl tert-butyl ether, xylene, methanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran or any combination thereof;
  • reaction temperature in step (2) is -10°C to 0°C;
  • the oxidant 1 in step (3) is sodium hypochlorite, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide, sulfur trioxide pyridine, oxygen, ozone, Dess-Martin oxidant, ferric nitrate, 2-iodoylbenzoic acid Or iodine;
  • the solvent used in step (3) is toluene, methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or a combination thereof ;
  • the reaction temperature in step (3) is 0°C to 10°C.
  • the compound represented by formula (II) has a structure represented by one of the following:
  • the compound represented by formula (III-a) has a structure represented by one of the following:
  • the present invention also includes a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound represented by formula (III-a), wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is methyl quaternary ammonium salt, benzyl quaternary ammonium salt, ethyl Quaternary ammonium salt, oxalate, citrate, hydrochloride, phosphate or acetate.
  • the compound represented by formula (III-b) has a structure represented by one of the following:
  • the present invention relates to an intermediate for preparing a compound represented by formula (II), the intermediate is selected from a compound represented by formula (ii) or a stereoisomer of a compound represented by formula (ii), Geometric isomers, tautomers, solvent compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,
  • R 4 is H, D or -OR 6 ;
  • R 5 is H
  • R 3 is piperazinyl, morpholinyl, methylpiperazinyl or
  • R 6 and R 7 are each independently H, D, benzyl, triphenylmethyl, p-methoxybenzyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenyl Silyl, triethylsilyl, triisopropylsilyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, dihydropyranyl, bromopropenyl, ethylformyl, acetyl Radical or benzoyl,
  • the present invention relates to compounds having a structure shown in one of the following,
  • the present invention provides a compound as a sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) inhibitor (1R, 2S, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl) Methyl]phenyl]-1-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,8-dioxacyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol (I)
  • SGLT sodium-dependent glucose transporter
  • the articles “a”, “an” and “said” as used herein are intended to include “at least one” or “one or more”. Therefore, the articles used herein refer to one or more than one (ie, at least one) object articles.
  • a component refers to one or more components, that is, there may be more than one component that is considered to be employed or used in the implementation of the embodiment.
  • equivalent or “eq” number used in the present invention refers to the equivalent amount of other raw materials required based on the basic raw materials used in each step (1 equivalent) according to the equivalent relationship of the chemical reaction.
  • room temperature refers to 10°C to 40°C. In some embodiments, “room temperature” refers to 10 to 30°C; in some embodiments, room temperature refers to 15°C to 35°C; and in some embodiments, “Room temperature” means 20°C to 30°C.
  • protecting group refers to a special functionality that is usually used to block or protect a substituent when it reacts with other functional groups.
  • amino protecting group refers to a substituent attached to an amino group to block or protect the functionality of the amino group in the compound. Suitable amino protecting groups include acetyl, trifluoroacetyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl (BOC, Boc), benzyloxycarbonyl (CBZ, Cbz) and 9-fluorene methyleneoxycarbonyl (Fmoc).
  • hydroxyl protecting group refers to the substituent of the hydroxyl group used to block or protect the functionality of the hydroxyl group.
  • Suitable protecting groups include benzyl (Bn), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), triphenylmethyl , P-methoxybenzyl (PMB), tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), trimethylsilyl (TMS), tert-butyldiphenylsilyl (TBDPS), triethylsilyl ( TES), triisopropylsilyl (DIPS), 2-(trisilyl)ethoxymethyl, dihydropyranyl, bromopropenyl, ethylformyl, acetyl or benzoyl, Wait.
  • PMB benzyl
  • TDMS tert-butyldimethylsilyl
  • TMS trimethylsilyl
  • TDPS tert-butyldiphenylsilyl
  • TES triethylsilyl
  • DIPS triisopropylsilyl
  • Carboxyl protecting group refers to the substituent of the carboxyl group used to block or protect the functionality of the carboxyl group.
  • Common carboxyl protecting groups include -CH 2 CH 2 SO 2 Ph, cyanoethyl, 2-(trimethylsilane Yl)ethyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl, 2-(p-toluenesulfonyl)ethyl, 2-(p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)ethyl, 2-(diphenyl Phosphino) ethyl, nitroethyl, etc.
  • protecting groups reference can be made to: T W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991; and PJ Kocienski, Protecting Groups, Thieme, Stuttgart, 2005.
  • reaction steps described in the present invention react to a certain extent, such as raw material consumption about greater than 70%, greater than 80%, greater than 90%, greater than 95%, or after the reaction material has been consumed, after treatment, such as cooling, collection, Extraction, filtration, separation, purification treatment or a combination thereof.
  • treatment such as cooling, collection, Extraction, filtration, separation, purification treatment or a combination thereof.
  • the degree of reaction can be detected by conventional methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC).
  • the reaction solution can be post-processed by conventional methods, for example, the crude product is collected by evaporation under reduced pressure or the conventional distillation of the reaction solvent, and directly input into the next reaction; or the crude product is directly filtered to be directly input into the next reaction; or left to stand After that, the supernatant liquid is poured out to obtain the crude product, which is directly put into the next reaction; or an appropriate organic solvent or a combination thereof is selected for extraction, distillation, crystallization, column chromatography, washing, beating and other purification steps.
  • the solvent used in each reaction step described in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any solvent that can dissolve the starting materials to a certain extent and does not inhibit the reaction is included in the present invention.
  • many similar modifications, equivalent replacements, or equivalents to the solvents, solvent combinations, and different ratios of solvent combinations described in the present invention are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides preferred solvents used in each reaction step.
  • the content of water in the solvent of the present invention is not particularly limited, that is, the content of water in the solvent does not affect the occurrence of the reaction of the present invention.
  • Any solvent containing a certain amount of moisture that can be used in the present invention to a certain extent is regarded as the solvent described in the present invention.
  • the water content in the solvent is about less than 0.05%, less than 0.1%, less than 0.2%, less than 0.5%, less than 5%, less than 10%, less than 25%, less than 30%, or 0%.
  • the moisture content of the solvent is within a certain range, which is more conducive to the reaction; for example, in the step of using ethanol as the reaction solvent, using anhydrous ethanol is more conducive to the reaction.
  • the moisture content of the solvent exceeds a certain range, which may affect the progress of the reaction (eg, affect the yield of the reaction), but does not affect the occurrence of the reaction.
  • the method described in the present invention can prepare the compound of the present invention represented by formula (I).
  • the following examples are used to further illustrate the content of the present invention.
  • the structure of the compound was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR). 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR chemical shifts ( ⁇ ) are given in parts per million (ppm). 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR were measured with Bruker Ultrashield-400 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and Bruker Avance III HD 600 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The solvents were determined to be deuterated chloroform (CDCl 3 ) and deuterated methanol (CD 3 OD ) Or deuterated DMSO (DMSO-d 6 ), using TMS (0 ppm) or deuterated chloroform (7.26 ppm) as a reference standard.
  • MS uses Agilent-6120 Quadrupole LC/MS mass spectrometer
  • the thin layer chromatography silica gel plate uses Yantai Huanghai HSGF254 silica gel plate.
  • the starting materials of the present invention are known and can be purchased on the market, purchased from Shanghai Accela Company (Shanghai Accela Company), An Nai Company (Energy Company), Braunway Company (J&K), Chengdu Air Vietnamese company (Chengdu Aiertai Company), Tianjin Alfa Company (Alfa Company) and other companies, or according to methods known in the art to synthesize.
  • Nitrogen atmosphere refers to a nitrogen balloon or steel kettle with a volume of about 1L connected to the reaction bottle;
  • Hydrogen atmosphere means that the reaction bottle is connected to a hydrogen balloon with a volume of about 1L or a stainless steel high-pressure reactor with a volume of about 1L;
  • the solution refers to an aqueous solution.
  • the reaction temperature is room temperature
  • reaction progress in the examples was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and the developing system used in the reaction was: dichloromethane and methanol system, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate system, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate system, The volume ratio of the solvent is adjusted according to the polarity of the compound.
  • TLC thin layer chromatography
  • Column chromatography eluent system includes: A: petroleum ether (or n-hexane, cyclohexane or n-heptane, etc.) and ethyl acetate system, B: dichloromethane and ethyl acetate system, C: dichloromethane Methane and methanol systems.
  • A petroleum ether (or n-hexane, cyclohexane or n-heptane, etc.) and ethyl acetate system
  • B dichloromethane and ethyl acetate system
  • C dichloromethane Methane and methanol systems.
  • the volume ratio of the solvent is adjusted according to the polarity of the compound, and it can also be adjusted by adding a small amount of ammonia or acetic acid.
  • HPLC refers to high performance liquid chromatography
  • HPLC HPLC was measured using Agilent 1200 high pressure liquid chromatograph (Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150 ⁇ 4.6mm chromatographic column);
  • LiCl Lithium chloride Lithium chloride Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min. Min.
  • FIG. 1 is a mass spectrum of the compound represented by formula (I) in Example 7.
  • FIG. 1 is a mass spectrum of the compound represented by formula (I) in Example 7.
  • the embodiment of the present invention discloses the preparation of optically pure (1R, 2S, 3S, 4R, 5S)-5-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]phenyl]-1-[ (1R)-1-Hydroxyethyl]-6,8-dioxacyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triol (I).
  • a person skilled in the art can refer to the content of this document or appropriately modify the process parameters to realize the content of the present invention.
  • all similar replacements and modifications are obvious to those skilled in the art, and they are all considered to be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
  • the method of the present invention has been described through the embodiments, and it is obvious that relevant persons can modify or appropriately modify and combine the method described herein without departing from the content and scope of the present invention to implement and apply the technology of the present invention.
  • Step 4 [(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-Tribenzyloxy-2-(benzyloxymethyl)-2-hydroxy-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl )-6-oxo-hexyl] 2,2-dimethylpropionate
  • Iodomethyl pivalate (21.9kg, 90.3mol) was dissolved in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (96.7kg) and cooled to -78°C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and i-PrMgCl ⁇ LiCl (106.5kg, 132mol, 1.3mol) was added dropwise /L) About 1 hour, after the completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction solution was further stirred at -78°C for 1 hour to obtain chloro(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxymethyl) magnesium, and (2R, 3S,4S)-2,3,4,6-tetrabenzyloxy-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)hexane-1,5-dione (19.9kg, 31.3mol, purity: 93.2%) solution in toluene (68.9 kg).
  • reaction solution was cooled to -25°C, and slowly added to a mixed solution of dichloromethane (94.1kg), concentrated hydrochloric acid (37.3kg) and water (88.8kg), which had been cooled to -10°C in advance, and stirred for 20 minutes , Liquid separation, the organic phase was washed with water (44kg), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (48kg) and 10% brine (45kg), and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the title compound as a brown viscous substance (9.09kg, 13.3mol, product content : 78.8%, yield: 100%).
  • the preparation method of Examples 20-24 refers to the method of Example 19, the solvent used, the amount of methylation reagent 1, the amount of methylation reagent 1, the amount of isopropyl titanate, the amount of Salen ligand, the addition of substrate Table 5 shows the temperature, reaction temperature and experimental results.
  • Step 1 (2R, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6R)-2,3,4-tribenzyloxy-5-(benzyloxymethyl)-1-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-5 , 6-2 (trimethylsiloxy) heptyl-1-one
  • Step 2 (2R, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6R)-2,3,4-tribenzyloxy-5-(benzyloxymethyl)-1-[4-chloro-3-[(4-ethoxybenzene Yl)methyl]phenyl]-5,6-2(trimethylsiloxy)heptyl-1-one
  • Step 2 (2R, 3S, 4S, 5S, 6R)-2,3,4-tribenzyloxy-5-(benzyloxymethyl)-1-(4,4-dimethylpiperazine-4-ium -1-yl)-5,6-bis(trimethylsiloxy)heptyl-1-one iodide

Abstract

提供了一种作为钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白(SGLT)抑制剂的吡喃葡萄糖基衍生物类化合物的制备方法及其重要中间体。所述制备方法操作简单,所得产物光学纯度高,总收率高,后处理简便,纯化容易,过程安全可控,适于工业化生产。

Description

吡喃葡萄糖基衍生物的制备方法及其中间体 发明领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一种作为钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白(SGLT)抑制剂的吡喃葡萄糖基衍生物类化合物的制备方法及其重要中间体。
发明背景
研究发现,葡萄糖转运蛋白是一类镶嵌在细胞膜上转运葡萄糖的载体蛋白质,葡萄糖必须借助葡萄糖转运蛋白才能通过细胞膜的脂质双层结构。葡萄糖转运蛋白分两大类,一类是钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白(sodium-dependent glucose transporters,SGLTs);另一类是葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporters,GLUTs)。SGLTs的两个主要家族成员为SGLT-1和SGLT-2。SGLT-1主要分布在小肠、肾脏、心脏和气管中,主要表达于小肠刷状缘和肾近曲小管的S3阶段中,少量表达于心脏和气管,以钠-葡萄糖2:1的比率转运葡萄糖和半乳糖。而SGLT-2主要分布在肾脏中,主要表达于肾近曲小管的S1节段中,以钠-葡萄糖1:1的比率转运葡萄糖。在生物体里,SGLTs以主动方式逆浓度梯度转运葡萄糖,同时消耗能量,而GLUTs以易化扩散的方式顺浓度梯度转运葡萄糖,其转运过程不消耗能量。研究表明,血浆葡萄糖通常在肾脏的肾小球中过滤并有90%的葡萄糖在肾小管近端S1段被SGLT-2主动转运至上皮细胞中,10%的葡萄糖在肾小管远端S3段被SGLT-1主动转运至上皮细胞中,又被上皮细胞基底膜侧的GLUT转运至周围毛细管网中,完成了肾小管对葡萄糖的重吸收。因此,SGLTs是调控细胞糖代谢的第一道关卡,也是能有效治疗糖尿病的理想靶点。研究发现,SGLT-2缺陷的病人有大量的尿糖排出,这为通过抑制SGLT-2活性减少葡萄糖的吸收进而治疗糖尿病提供事实依据。所以抑制SGLTs转运蛋白活性,可以阻断肾小管对葡萄糖的重吸收,增加葡萄糖在尿中排泄,从而使血浆中葡萄糖浓度正常化,进而控制糖尿病及糖尿病并发症的病情。抑制SGLTs不会影响正常葡萄糖反调节机制,造成低血糖风险;同时通过增加肾脏葡萄糖的排泄来降低血糖,能促使肥胖症患者的体重下降。研究还发现,SGLTs抑制剂作用机制不依赖于胰岛β-细胞功能异常或者胰岛素抵抗的程度,因此,其效果不会随着β-细胞的功能衰竭或者严重胰岛素抵抗而下降。它可以单独使用,也可以和其他的降血糖药联合治疗。因此,SGLTs抑制剂是理想的新型降血糖药。
此外,研究还发现SGLTs抑制剂可以用于糖尿病相关并发症的治疗。如视网膜病变、神经病、肾病,葡萄糖代谢紊乱造成的胰岛素耐受、高胰岛素血症、高血脂、肥胖等。同时SGLTs抑制剂亦可与现有的治疗药物联合使用,如磺酰胺、噻唑烷二酮、二甲双胍和胰岛素等,在不影响药效的情况下,降低用药剂量,从而避免或减轻了不良反应的发生,提高了患者对治疗的顺应性。
WO 2016173425公开了如式(I)所示的化合物,并公开了2种式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,其合成路线如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000001
合成路线1:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000002
合成路线2:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000003
其中,合成路线1以式(III)所示化合物为起始物料,经过与二甲基锌的加成及脱除羟基上的保护基团得到式(I)所示化合物;合成路线2以式(III)所示化合物为起始物料,先与甲基格氏试剂加成,再经氧化、还原剂脱除羟基上的保护基得到式(I)所示化合物;
其中,式(III)所示化合物的合成路线如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000004
发明内容
本发明对式(I)所示化合物的合成路线进行了优化摸索,提供了一种更适合于工业化生产的制备方法。相比于WO 2016173425所公开的制备方法,本发明提供的制备方法,一方面,合成步骤较少、中间体收率较高,能有效去除杂质,使得总收率大大提高,总收率可达20%,甚至可达到30%,所得产物光学纯度高,大大降低了生产成本;另一方面,制备过程未使用硅胶柱层析纯化,后处理简便,纯化容易,对设备的要求低,过程更加安全可控,简便。
首先,申请人参考专利WO 2014159151的制备方法,制备得到式(IX)所示的中间体化合物。
具体方案如下:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000005
式(IX)所示的中间体的制备包含以下步骤:首先,化合物(XIII)在次氯酸钠、TEMPO、碳酸氢钠和溴化钾的氧化体系下,经过氧化得到化合物(XII);然后,化合物(XII)与N-甲基哌嗪反应,得到化合物(XI);接着,化合物(XI)经氧化得到化合物(X);最后,特戊酸碘甲酯先与异丙基氯化镁氯化锂或异丙基氯化镁反应,再与化合物(X)发生格氏反应,得到化合物(IX)。
其他合成方法,只要可以制备得到式(IX)所示的化合物,均可以引入到本发明所述的制备方法中。
具体地,本发明涉及式(I)所示化合物的制备方法及其中间体。
一方面,本发明涉及式(VI-a)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000006
在一些实施方案中,式(VI-a)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,在手性配体1存在的条件下,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000007
在一些实施方案中,所述的手性配体1为双羟基手性配体或金属配体。
在另一些实施方案中,所述双羟基手性配体为R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚((R)-BINOL)、(4R,5R)-2,2-二甲基-a,a,a',a'-四苯基-1,3-二氧戊环-4,5-二甲醇(TADDOL)、(S)-(-)-5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-八氢-1,1'-2-萘酚((S)-H 8-BINOL)或Salen配体。
在另一些实施方案中,所述金属配体为金属-Salen配体、金属-BINOL配体或(1R,2R)-(+)-N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰-1,2-环己二胺-金属配体。
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-Salen配体为Zn-Salen配体,Mn-Salen配体,Ti-Salen配体或Cr-Salen配体;还在一些实施方案中,所述金属-Salen配体为Ti-Salen配体。
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-BINOL配体为Zn-BINOL配体,Mn-BINOL配体,Ti-BINOL配体或Cr-BINOL配体。
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-BINOL配体中BINOL为R构型或S构型。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体、Zn-Salen配体、Mn-Salen配体、Ti-Salen配体和Cr-Salen配体分别优选为以下结构:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000009
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.1~1.0倍。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0倍以下。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.10~1.0倍。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.2倍以下;还在一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.1倍或0.2倍。
在又一些实施方案中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.01~0.9倍;在一些实施方案中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05~0.2倍;在一些实施方案中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05倍、0.1倍或0.2倍。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Ti-BINOL配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.01~0.20倍;在一些实施方案中,所述Ti-BINOL配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.01~0.10倍。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)进一步添加钛酸异丙酯、CrCl 2、ZnCl 2、MnCl 2或醋酸钴。
在另一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.5~5.0倍;在另一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~4.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.5~2.5倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~2.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~4.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0倍、1.4倍、2.0倍、3.0倍或4.0倍。
在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁、甲基氯化镁、甲基锂、三甲基铝或二甲基锌。
在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0倍、5.0倍或6.0倍。
在另一些实施方案中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0倍、5.0倍或6.0倍。
在另一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~5.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0倍或5.0倍。
如本发明所述,二甲基锌的规格可以为1mol/L的二甲基锌的甲苯溶液。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的反应温度为10℃~40℃,在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)中式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~25℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;或者,步骤(a)的甲基化试剂1为二甲基锌,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合。
如本发明所述,步骤(a)通过甲基化试剂1对醛基进行不对称加成反应,引入新的手性中心,此反应通过对手性配体的选择优化可以得到高ee值产物,且中间体式(VI-a)所示化合物的产率高。另外,甲基化试剂1的类型和用量对该反应的影响是不一样的。当甲基化试剂1为二甲基锌,且二甲基锌的用量为式(VII)所述化合物的4.0~6.0倍时,反应完全,且产物的ee值高;或者,当甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,且甲基溴化镁的用量为式(VII)所述化合物的4.0~5.0倍时,反应完全,且产物的ee值高。
在一些实施方案中,本发明所述式(VI-a)的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000010
其中,
所述甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,其中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~5.0倍;
步骤(a)中进一步添加钛酸异丙酯,其中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~4.0倍;
步骤(a)的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;
步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;
步骤(a)式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃。
在一些实施方案中,本发明所述式(VI-a)的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,在手性配体1存在的条件下,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000011
其中,
所述手性配体1为R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚,其中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05~0.2倍;或所述手性配体1为Salen配体,其中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.2倍以下;
所述甲基化试剂1为二甲基锌,其中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;
步骤(a)中进一步添加钛酸异丙酯,其中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~2.0倍;
步骤(a)的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;
步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;
步骤(a)中式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃。
在一些实施方案中,本发明所述式(VI-a)的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,在手性配体1存在的条件下,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000012
其中,
所述手性配体1为Salen配体,其中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.2倍以下;
所述甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,其中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~5.0倍;
步骤(a)中进一步添加钛酸异丙酯,其中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~4.0倍;
步骤(a)的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;
步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;
步骤(a)式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃。
另一方面,本发明涉及本发明所述式(VI-a)所述制备方法制备得到的式(VI-a)所示化合物。
另一方面,本发明涉及式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(d):式(II)所示化合物在酸性条件下进行加氢还原并关环,得到式(I)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000013
其中,
R 1和R 2各自独立地为苄基、三苯基甲基、对甲氧基苄基、叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、叔丁基二苯基硅基、三乙基硅基、三异丙基硅基、苄氧羰基、2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧甲基、二氢吡喃基、溴丙烯基、乙酯甲酰基、乙酰基或苯甲酰基,
或R 1、R 2和与它们相连的OCHCO或氧原子一起,形成
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000014
在一些实施方案中,步骤(d)中所述的酸性条件是所述反应在酸存在的条件下反应,所述酸为盐酸或乙酸。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(d)中所述加氢还原反应的氢源为氢气。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(d)中所述加氢还原反应所用的催化剂为钯/碳、氢氧化钯/碳、氯化钯、铂/碳、雷尼镍或氯化钯。
在又一些实施方案中,所述催化剂与式(II)所示化合物的质量比为(0.02:1)~(0.8:1);在一些实施方案中,所述催化剂与式(II)所示化合物的质量比为(0.1:1)~(0.6~1);在一些实施方案中,在一些实施方案中,所述催化剂与式(II)所示化合物的质量比为(0.05:1)~(0.2:1);在一些实施方案中,所述催化剂与式(II)所示化合物的质量比为0.1:1、0.05:1或0.2:1。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及所述式(II)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(b):式(VI-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与羟基保护试剂1反应,得到式(III-a)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000015
步骤(c):式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与式(IV)所示化合物发生偶联反应,得到式(II)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000016
其中,
X为Cl、Br或I;
各R 1和R 2具有本发明所述定义。
在一些实施方案中,本发明式(II)所示化合物制备方法中,所述的药学上可接受的盐为甲基季铵盐、苄基季铵盐,乙基季铵盐、草酸盐、柠檬酸盐、盐酸盐、磷酸盐或乙酸盐。
在一些实施方案中,所述羟基保护试剂1为2,2-二甲氧基丙烷、苯甲醛二甲缩醛、三甲基氯硅烷或叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(b)的反应溶剂为甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(b)的反应温度为0℃~40℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(b)的反应温度为10℃~40℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(b)的反应温度为10℃~30℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(b)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;在一些实施方案中,所述反应温度为8℃、10℃、12℃、26℃、28℃、30℃或室温。
如本发明所述,不同的羟基保护剂1对反应的影响是不一样的,本发明经过了大量的筛选试验发现,当羟基保护试剂1为2,2-二甲氧基丙烷或苯甲醛二甲缩醛时,反应的产率较高,所得到的式(IV)所述化合物较为稳定,且纯度较高。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(c)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的1.0~4.0倍;在一些实施方案中,步骤(c)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的1.0~1.5倍;在一些实施方案中,步骤(c)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的1.0~1.4倍;在一些实施方案中,步骤(c)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的1.2~1.4倍;在一些实施方案中,步骤(c)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的1.4倍、1.2倍或1.3倍。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(c)的反应温度为10℃~40℃;在一些实施方案中,所述步骤(c)的反应温度为20℃~30℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(c)的反应溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、二氯甲烷或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,本发明所述式(II)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a 1):式(VI-a)所示化合物与碘甲烷反应,得到式(VI-b)所示化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000017
步骤(b 1):式(VI-b)所示化合物与羟基保护试剂1反应,得到式(III-b)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000018
步骤(c 1):式(III-b)所示化合物与式(IV)所示化合物发生偶联反应,得到式(II-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000019
其中,X为Cl、Br或I;
各R 1和R 2具有本发明所述的定义。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(b 1)中,所述羟基保护试剂1为2,2-二甲氧基丙烷、苯甲醛二甲缩醛、三甲基氯硅烷或叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(b 1)的反应溶剂为甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(b 1)的反应温度为0℃~40℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(b 1)的反应温度为10℃~40℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(b 1)的反应温度为20℃~30℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(c 1)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-b)所示化合物的1.0~1.4倍;在一些实施方案中,步骤(c 1)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-b)所示化合物的1.2~1.4倍;在一些实施方案中,步骤(c 1)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-b)所示化合物的1.2倍。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(c 1)的反应温度为10℃~40℃;在一些实施方案中,所述步骤(c 1)的反应温度为20℃~30℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(c 1)的反应溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、二氯甲烷或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,本发明所述式(VI-a)所述化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000020
在一些实施方案中,本发明所述式(VI-a)所述化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,在手性配体1存在的条件下,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000021
在一些实施方案中,所述的手性配体1为双羟基手性配体或金属配体。
在另一些实施方案中,所述双羟基手性配体为R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚((R)-BINOL)、(4R,5R)-2,2-二甲基-a,a,a',a'-四苯基-1,3-二氧戊环-4,5-二甲醇(TADDOL)、(S)-(-)-5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-八氢-1,1'-2-萘酚((S)-H 8-BINOL)或Salen配体。
在另一些实施方案中,所述金属配体为金属-Salen配体、金属-BINOL配体或(1R,2R)-(+)-N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰-1,2-环己二胺-金属配体。
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-Salen配体为Zn-Salen配体,Mn-Salen配体,Ti-Salen配体或Cr-Salen配体;在一些实施方案中,所述金属-Salen配体为Ti-Salen配体。
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-BINOL配体为Zn-BINOL配体,Mn-BINOL配体,Ti-BINOL配体或Cr-BINOL配体。
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-BINOL配体中BINOL为R构型或S构型。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体、Zn-Salen配体、Mn-Salen配体、Ti-Salen配体和Cr-Salen配体分别优选为以下结构:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000022
在又一些实施方案中,所述金属-Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.1~1.0倍。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0倍以下。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.10~1.0倍。在又一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.2倍以下;还在一些实施方案中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.1倍或0.2倍。
在又一些实施方案中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.01~0.9倍;在一些实施方案中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05~0.2倍;在一些实施方案中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05倍、0.1倍或0.2倍。
在又一些实施方案中,所述Ti-BINOL配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.01~0.20倍;在一些实施方案中,所述Ti-BINOL配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05~0.20倍。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)进一步添加钛酸异丙酯、CrCl 2、ZnCl 2、MnCl 2或醋酸钴。
在另一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.5~5.0倍;在另一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~4.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.5~2.5倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~2.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~4.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0倍、1.4倍、2.0倍、3.0倍或4.0倍。
在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁、甲基氯化镁、甲基锂、三甲基铝或二甲基锌。
在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0倍、5.0倍或6.0倍。
在另一些实施方案中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0倍、5.0倍或6.0倍。
在另一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~5.0倍;在一些实施方案中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0倍或5.0倍。
如本发明所述,二甲基锌的规格可以为1mol/L的二甲基锌的甲苯溶液。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的反应温度为10℃~40℃,在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)中式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~25℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(a)的甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;或者,步骤(a)的甲基化试剂1为二甲基锌,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合。
如本发明所述,步骤(a)通过甲基化试剂1对醛基进行不对称加成反应,引入新的手性中心,此反应通过对手性配体的选择优化可以得到高ee值产物,且中间体式(VI-a)所示化合物的产率高。另外,甲基化试剂1的类型和用量对该反应的影响是不一样的。当甲基化试剂1为二甲基锌,且二甲基锌的用量为式(VII)所述化合物的4.0~6.0倍时,反应完全,且产物的ee值高;或者,当甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,且甲基溴化镁的用量为式(VII)所述化合物的4.0~5.0倍时,反应完全,且产物的ee值高。在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及所述式(VII)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(1):将含有式(IX)所示化合物的粗品溶解于溶剂A中,然后向其中加入溶剂B,析出固体的式(IX)所示化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000023
步骤(2):式(IX)所示化合物在碱性试剂1作用下发生水解反应,得到式(VIII)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000024
步骤(3):式(VIII)所示化合物在氧化剂1存在下经氧化反应,得到式(VII)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000025
在一些实施方案中,所述式(VII)所示化合物任选地可以通过以下步骤进一步纯化:
步骤(3-1):式(VII)所示化合物与亚硫酸氢钠反应生成式(VII-a)所示化合物;
步骤(3-2):式(VII-a)所示化合物在碱性试剂的作用下反应得到纯化的式(VII)所示化合物;
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000026
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3-1)的反应溶剂为水。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3-2)的反应溶剂为甲苯、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、正庚烷、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醚或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3-2)所述的碱性试剂为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠或碳酸铯。
在一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、丙酮、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、乙醚、异丙醚、苯甲醚或其任意组合;所述溶剂B为正庚烷、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、水或其任意组合。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为甲苯,溶剂B为正庚烷。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为异丙醇,溶剂B为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为叔丁醇,溶剂B为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为正庚烷。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为正己烷。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为环己烷。
在又一些实施方案中,所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:3)~(1:10);在一些实施方案中,所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:3)~(1:8);在一些实施方案中,所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:8)、(1:5)、(1:3)或(1:4)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和水的体积比为(1:0)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和水的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和水的体积比为(1:0)、(1:1)或(3:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述异丙醇和水的体积比为(1:0)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述异丙醇和水的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述异丙醇和水的体积比为(3:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正庚烷的体积比为(3:1)~(1:3);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正庚烷的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正庚烷的体积比为(1:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正己烷的体积比为(3:1)~(1:3);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正己烷的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正己烷的体积比为(1:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和环己烷的体积比为(3:1)~(1:3);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和环己烷的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和环己烷的体积比为(1:1)。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(1)的析晶温度为40℃~10℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(1)的析晶温度为30℃~10℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(1)的析晶温度为20℃~30℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(1)溶解溶剂A的温度为50℃~70℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤A溶解溶剂A的温度为50℃或70℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)中所述碱性试剂1为甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)所用的溶剂为二氯甲烷、甲苯、二氯乙烷、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)的反应温度为-10℃~30℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)的反应温度为-10℃~0℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的氧化剂1为次氯酸钠、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)、三氧化硫吡啶、氧气、臭氧、戴斯-马丁氧化剂、硝酸铁、2-碘酰基苯甲酸(IBX)或碘。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)所用的溶剂为甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、N,N-二异丙基乙胺或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的反应温度为-10℃~30℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的反应温度为0℃-10℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的反应温度为0℃或10℃。
在一些实施方案方案中,步骤(3)所得到式(VII)所示化合物需进一步干燥。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)需进一步经过洗涤并干燥。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)中式(VII)所示化合物的含水量≤1%,在一些实施方案中,式(VII)所示化合物的含水量≤0.6%。
另一方面,本发明涉及一种式(VII)所示中间体的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(1):将含有式(IX)所示化合物的粗品溶解于溶剂A中,然后向其中加入溶剂B,析出固体的式(IX)所示化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000027
步骤(2):式(IX)所示化合物在碱性试剂1作用下发生水解反应,得到式(VIII)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000028
步骤(3):式(VIII)所示化合物在氧化剂1存在下经氧化反应,得到式(VII)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000029
在一些实施方案中,所述式(VII)所示化合物任选地可以通过以下步骤进一步纯化:
步骤(3-1):式(VII)所示化合物与亚硫酸氢钠反应生成式(VII-a)所示化合物;
步骤(3-2):式(VII-a)所示化合物在碱性试剂的作用下反应得到纯化的式(VII)所示化合物;
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000030
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3-1)的反应溶剂为水。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3-2)的反应溶剂为甲苯、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、正庚烷、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醚或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3-2)所述的碱性试剂为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠或碳酸铯。
在一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、丙酮、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、乙醚、异丙醚、苯甲醚或其任意组合;所述溶剂B为正庚烷、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、水或其任意组合。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为甲苯,溶剂B为正庚烷。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为异丙醇,溶剂B为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为叔丁醇,溶剂B为水。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为正庚烷。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为正己烷。
在另一些实施方案中,所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为环己烷。
在又一些实施方案中,所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:3)~(1:10);在一些实施方案中,所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:3)~(1:8);在一些实施方案中,所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:8)、(1:5)、(1:3)或(1:4)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和水的体积比为(1:0)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和水的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和水的体积比为(1:0)、(1:1)或(3:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述异丙醇和水的体积比为(1:0)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述异丙醇和水的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述异丙醇和水的体积比为(3:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正庚烷的体积比为(3:1)~(1:3);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正庚烷体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正庚烷的体积比为(1:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正己烷的体积比为(3:1)~(1:3);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正己烷体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和正己烷的体积比为(1:1)。
在又一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和环己烷的体积比为(3:1)~(1:3);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和环己烷体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);在一些实施方案中,所述乙醇和环己烷的体积比为(1:1)。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(1)的析晶温度为40℃~10℃;在一些实施方案中,所述,步骤(1)的析晶温度为30℃~10℃;在一些实施方案中,所述,步骤(1)的析晶温度为20℃~30℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(1)溶解溶剂A的温度为50℃~70℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤A溶解溶剂A的温度为50℃或70℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)中所述碱性试剂1为甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)所用的溶剂为二氯甲烷、甲苯、二氯乙烷、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)的反应温度为-10℃~30℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(2)的反应温度为-10℃~0℃。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的氧化剂1为次氯酸钠、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物(TEMPO)、三氧化硫吡啶、氧气、臭氧、戴斯-马丁氧化剂、硝酸铁、2-碘酰基苯甲酸(IBX)或碘。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)所用的溶剂为甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、N,N-二异丙基乙胺或其任意组合。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的反应温度为-10℃~30℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的反应温度为0℃~10℃;在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)的反应温度为0℃或10℃。
在一些实施方案方案中,步骤(3)所得到式(VII)所示化合物需进一步干燥。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)需进一步经过洗涤并干燥。
在一些实施方案中,步骤(3)中式(VII)所示化合物的含水量≤1%,在一些实施方案中,式(VII)所示化合物的含水量≤0.6%。
本发明式(IX)所示化合物经过了进一步纯化后再用于制备式(VII)所示化合物。经过对式(IX)所示化合物的重结晶,能有效去除上一步格氏反应后残留的杂质(如特戊酸碘甲酯),使反应过程中杂质追溯更容易;并且,该纯化方法简单,可控,并且有利于下一步反应的控制;同时经过纯化后处理得到的式(IX)所示化合物再经过水解及氧化反应,可以高产率、高纯度的得到式(VII)所示化合物。发明人经过大量的试验发现,当(IX)所示化合物未经纯化时,所得到的式(I)所示化合物的总产率小于15%,同时,中间体式(II)所示化合物的后处理需要采用硅胶柱层析纯化,不利于工业化生产。
如本发明所述,步骤(3)中,不同的氧化剂1对反应的影响是不一样的,本发明经过了大量的筛选试验发现,当氧化剂1为三氧化硫吡啶时,反应的产率较高,所得到的式(IV)所述化合物纯度较高。后处理过程中要经过多次洗涤(如用水或食盐水多次洗涤),洗涤完成后需做干燥处理,含水量过高产物易变质。
在一些实施方案中,本发明所述式(VII)所示中间体的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
步骤(1):将含有式(IX)所示化合物的粗品溶解于溶剂A中,然后向其中加入溶剂B,析出固体的式(IX)所示化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000031
步骤(2):式(IX)所示化合物在碱性试剂1作用下发生水解反应,得到式(VIII)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000032
步骤(3):式(VIII)所示化合物在氧化剂1作用下经氧化反应,得到式(VII)所示的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000033
其中,所述溶剂A为甲苯,溶剂B为正庚烷,所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:3)~(1:8);
步骤(1)的析晶温度为30℃~10℃;
步骤(2)中所述碱性试剂1为甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾;
步骤(2)所用的溶剂为二氯甲烷、甲苯、二氯乙烷、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或其任意组合;
步骤(2)的反应温度为-10℃~0℃;
步骤(3)的氧化剂1为次氯酸钠、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物、三氧化硫吡啶、氧气、臭氧、戴斯-马丁氧化剂、硝酸铁、2-碘酰基苯甲酸或碘;
步骤(3)所用的溶剂为甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃,甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、N,N-二异丙基乙胺或其组合;
步骤(3)的反应温度为0℃~10℃。
在一些实施方案中,式(II)所示的化合物具有以下之一所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000034
在一些实施方案中,式(III-a)所示的化合物具有以下之一所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000035
在一些实施方案中,本发明还包含式(III-a)所示化合物的药学上可接受的盐,其中所述药学上可接受的盐为甲基季铵盐、苄基季铵盐,乙基季铵盐、草酸盐、柠檬酸盐、盐酸盐、磷酸盐或乙酸盐。
在一些实施方案中,式(III-b)所示的化合物具有以下之一所示的结构:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000036
另一方面,本发明涉及一种制备式(II)所示化合物的中间体,所述中间体选自式(ii)所示结构的化合物或式(ii)所示化合物的立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000037
其中,
R 4为H、D或-O-R 6
R 5为H;
或R 4、R 5和与它们相连的碳原子一起形成-C(=O)-;
R 3为哌嗪基、吗啉基、甲基哌嗪基或
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000038
R 6和R 7各自独立地为H、D、苄基、三苯基甲基、对甲氧基苄基、叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、叔丁基二苯基硅基、三乙基硅基、三异丙基硅基、苄氧羰基、2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧甲基、二氢吡喃基、溴丙烯基、乙酯甲酰基、乙酰基或苯甲酰基,
或R 6、R 7和与它们相连的OCHCO或氧原子一起,形成
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000039
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及具有以下之一所示的结构的化合物,
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000040
前面所述内容只概述了本发明的某些方面,但并不限于这些方面及其他方面的内容将在下面作更加具体完整的描述。
本发明的详细说明
本发明提供了一种作为钠依赖性葡萄糖转运蛋白(SGLT)抑制剂的化合物(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]-1-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]-6,8-二氧双环[3.2.1]辛烷-2,3,4-三醇(I)的制备方法及其重要中间体,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明中。
定义和一般术语
除非另有说明,本发明所用在说明书和权利要求书中的术语具有下述定义。
现在详细描述本发明的某些实施方案,其实例由随附的结构式和化学式说明。本发明意图涵盖所有的替代、修改和等同技术方案,它们均包括在如权利要求定义的本发明范围内。本领域技术人员应认识到,许多与本文所述类似或等同的方法和材料能够用于实践本发明。本发明绝不限于本文所述的方法和材料。在所结合的文献、专利和类似材料的一篇或多篇与本申请不同或相矛盾的情况下(包括但不限于所定义的术语、术语应用、所描述的技术,等等),以本申请为准。
应进一步认识到,本发明的某些特征,为清楚可见,在多个独立的实施方案中进行了描述,但也可以在单个实施例中以组合形式提供。反之,本发明的各种特征,为简洁起见,在单个实施方案中进行了描述,但也可以单独或以任意适合的子组合提供。
除非另外说明,本发明所使用的所有科技术语具有与本发明所属领域技术人员的通常理解相同的含义。本发明涉及的所有专利和公开出版物通过引用方式整体并入本发明。
除非另外说明,应当应用本文所使用的下列定义。出于本发明的目的,化学元素与元素周期表CAS版,和《化学和物理手册》,第75版,1994一致。此外,有机化学一般原理可参考"Organic Chemistry",Thomas Sorrell,University Science Books,Sausalito:1999,和"March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”by Michael B.Smith and Jerry March,John Wiley&Sons,New York:2007中的描述,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
除非另有说明或者上下文中有明显的冲突,本文所使用的冠词“一”、“一个(种)”和“所述”旨在包括“至少一个”或“一个或多个”。因此,本文所使用的这些冠词是指一个或多于一个(即至少一个)宾语的冠词。例如,“一组分”指一个或多个组分,即可能有多于一个的组分被考虑在所述实施方案的实施方式中采用或使用。
术语“任选地”,“任选的”或“任选”是指随后所述的事件或状况可以但未必发生,并且该描述包括其中发生该事件或状况的情况,以及其中未发生该事件或状况的情况。
本发明所使用的术语“当量”或“eq”数,是按照化学反应的当量关系,以每步中所用基本原料为基准(1当量),所需要的其他原材料的当量用量。
术语“包含”为开放式表达,即包括本发明所指明的内容,但并不排除其他方面的内容。
术语“室温”是指10℃~40℃,在一些实施方案中,“室温”是指10~30℃;在一些实施方案中,室温是指15℃~35℃;还在一些实施方案中,“室温”是指20℃~30℃。
另外,需要说明的是,除非以其他方式明确指出,在本发明中所采用的描述方式“各…独立地为”与“…各自独立地为”和“…独立地为”可以互换,均应做广义理解,其既可以是指在不同基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响,也可以表示在相同的基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响。
术语“保护基团”是指一个取代基与其他官能团起反应的时候,通常用来阻断或保护的特殊功能性。例如,“氨基的保护基团”是指一个取代基与氨基基团相连来阻断或保护化合物中氨基的功能性,合适的氨基保护基团包括乙酰基,三氟乙酰基,叔丁氧羰基(BOC,Boc),苄氧羰基(CBZ,Cbz)和9-芴亚甲氧羰基(Fmoc)。相似地,“羟基保护基团”是指羟基的取代基用来阻断或保护羟基的功能性,合适的保护基团包括苄基(Bn)、苄氧羰基(Cbz)、三苯基甲基、对甲氧基苄基(PMB)、叔丁基二甲基硅基(TBDMS)、三甲基硅基(TMS)、叔丁基二苯基硅基(TBDPS)、三乙基硅基(TES)、三异丙基硅基(DIPS)、2-(三甲硅烷基)乙氧甲基、二氢吡喃基、溴丙烯基、乙酯甲酰基、乙酰基或苯甲酰基、
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000041
等。
“羧基保护基团”是指羧基的取代基用来阻断或保护羧基的功能性,一般的羧基保护基包括-CH 2CH 2SO 2Ph,氰基乙基,2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙基,2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧基甲基,2-(对甲苯磺酰基)乙基,2-(对硝基苯磺酰基)乙基,2-(二苯基膦基)乙基,硝基乙基,等等。对于保护基团一般的描述可参考文献:T W.Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1991;and P.J.Kocienski,Protecting Groups,Thieme,Stuttgart,2005.
在本发明的上下文中,所有在此公开了的数字均为近似值。每一个数字的数值有可能会出现1%、2%、5%、7%、8%或10%等差异。每当公开一个具有N值的数字时,任何具有N+/-1%,N+/-2%,N+/-3%,N+/-5%,N+/-7%,N+/-8%或N+/-10%值以内的数字会被明确地公开,其中“+/-”是指加或减。每当公开一个数值范围中的一个下限,DL,和一个上限,DU,时,任何处于该公开了的范围之内的数值会被明确地公开。
本发明所述的所有反应步骤反应到一定程度如原料消耗大约大于70%,大于80%,大于90%,大于95%,或经检测反应原料已经消耗完毕后进行后处理,如冷却,收集,提取,过滤,分离,净化处理或其组合。可以通过常规的方法如薄层层析法(TLC)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、气相色谱法(GC)等方法检测反应程度。可以采用常规的方法对反应溶液进行后处理,例如,通过减压蒸发或常规蒸馏反应溶剂后收集粗产物,直接投入下一步反应;或直接过滤得到粗产物,直接投入下一步反应;或静置后,倾倒出上层清液得到粗产物,直接投入下一步反应;或选择适当的有机溶剂或其组合进行萃取,蒸馏,结晶,柱层析,润洗,打浆等纯化步骤。
本发明所述的各反应步骤所使用的溶剂没有特别限制,任何在一定程度上能溶解起始原料并且不抑制反应的溶剂均包含在本发明中。另外,本领域的许多类似改动,等同替换,或等同于本发明所描述的溶剂,溶剂组合,及溶剂组合的不同比例,均视为本发明的包含范围。本发明给出了各反应步骤所使用的较佳的溶剂。
本发明所述的溶剂中水分的含量,没有特别的限制,即,溶剂中水分的含量不影响本发明所述反应的发生。任何在一定程度上能在本发明中使用的含有一定量的水分的溶剂,均视为本发明所述的溶剂。如溶剂中水分的含量大约小于0.05%,小于0.1%,小于0.2%,小于0.5%,小于5%,小于10%,小于25%,小于30%,或为0%。在一些实施方案中,所述溶剂的水分含量在一定范围内,更有利于反应的进行;例如,在以乙醇作为反应溶剂的步骤,使用无水乙醇,更有利反应的进行。在一些实施方案中,所述溶剂的水分含量超出一定范围,可能会影响反应的进行(例如,影响反应的收率),但并不影响反应的发生。
一般合成和检测方法
在本说明书中,如果在化学名称和化学结构间存在任何差异,以结构为准。
所属领域的技术人员将认识到:本发明所描述的化学反应可以用来合适地制备许多与本发明所述的化合物相似的化合物。所属领域的技术人员通过修饰方法,如适当的保护基团,通过利用其他已知的试剂除了本发明所描述的,或将反应条件做一些常规的修改也可以实现本发明,这些常规的制备方法修改也应当认为是属于本发明的范围。另外,本发明所公开的反应或已知的反应条件也公认地适用于其他与本发明所述的化合物相似的化合物的制备。
一般地,本发明所描述的方法能制备得到本发明如式(I)所示的化合物。下面的实施例用于进一步举例说明本发明的内容。
化合物的结构是通过核磁共振( 1H-NMR、 13C-NMR)来确定的。 1H-NMR、 13C-NMR化学位移(δ)以百万分之一(ppm)的单位给出。 1H-NMR、 13C-NMR的测定是用Bruker Ultrashield-400核磁共振谱仪和Bruker Avance III HD 600核磁共振谱仪,测定溶剂为氘代氯仿(CDCl 3)、氘代甲醇(CD 3OD)或者氘代DMSO(DMSO-d 6),用TMS(0ppm)或氘代氯仿(7.26ppm)作为参照标准。当出现多重峰的时候,将使用下面的缩写:s(singlet,单峰),d(doublet,双峰),t(triplet,三重峰),m(multiplet,多重峰),br(broadened,宽峰),dd(doublet of doublets,四重峰),dt(doublet of triplets,双三重峰),ddd(doublet of doubletof doublets,双双二重峰),ddt(doublet of doublet of triplets,双双三重峰),td(triplet of doublets,三双重峰),brs(broadened singlet,宽单峰)。偶合常数J,用赫兹(Hz)表示。
MS的测定用Agilen-6120 Quadrupole LC/MS质谱仪;
薄层层析硅胶板使用烟台黄海HSGF254硅胶板。
柱层析一般使用青岛海洋化工200目~300目或300目~400目硅胶为载体。
本发明的起始原料是已知的,并且可以在市场上购买到得,购买自上海韶远公司(Shanghai Accela Company)、安耐吉公司(Energy Company)、百灵威公司(J&K)、成都艾尔泰公司(Chengdu Aiertai Company)、天津阿法埃莎公司(Alfa Company)等公司,或者按照本领域已知的方法来合成。
氮气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氮气气球或钢釜;
氢气氛是指反应瓶连接一个约1L容积的氢气气球或者是一个约1L容积的不锈钢高压反应釜;
实施例中无特殊说明,溶液是指水溶液。
实施例中无特殊说明,反应温度为室温;
实施例中的反应进程的监测采用薄层色谱法(TLC),反应所使用的展开剂体系有:二氯甲烷和甲醇体系,二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯体系,石油醚和乙酸乙酯体系,溶剂的体积比根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节。
柱层析的洗脱剂的体系包括:A:石油醚(或正己烷、环己烷或正庚烷等)和乙酸乙酯体系,B:二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯体系,C:二氯甲烷和甲醇体系。溶剂的体积比根据化合物的极性不同而进行调节,也可以加入少量的氨水或醋酸等进行调节。
HPLC是指高效液相色谱;
HPLC的测定使用安捷伦1200高压液相色谱仪(Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 150×4.6mm色谱柱);
HPLC测试条件:运行时间:30min 柱温:35℃ PDA:210nm,254nm
流动相:A相:H 2O B相:乙腈 流速:1.0mL/min
下面简写词的使用贯穿本发明:
TEMPO             2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物   Ti(O-i-Pr) 4        钛酸四异丙酯
KBr               溴化钾                     IBX                2-碘酰基苯甲酸
NaClO             次氯酸钠                   DMSO               二甲基亚砜
(R)-BINOL         R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚           DIPEA              N,N-二异丙基乙胺
Mass%            质量百分比                 DCM                二氯甲烷
LiCl              氯化锂                     min                分钟
h                 小时                       r.t.               室温
i-PrMgCl·LiCl    异丙基氯化镁-氯化锂
TADDOL            (4R,5R)-2,2-二甲基-a,a,a',a'-四苯基-1,3-二氧戊环-4,5-二甲醇
(S)-H 8-BINOL      (S)-(-)-5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-八氢-1,1'-2-萘酚
附图说明
图1是实施例7中式(I)所示的化合物的质谱图。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例公开了制备光学纯的(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]-1-[(1R)-1-羟乙基]-6,8-二氧双环[3.2.1]辛烷-2,3,4-三醇(I)的方法。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,或者适当改进工艺参数来实现本发明的内容。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明的保护范围中。本发明的方法已经通过实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容和范围内对本文所述的方法进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明的技术。
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例
实施例1[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧代-己基]2,2-二甲基丙酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000042
步骤1(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-6-(苄氧基甲基)四氢吡喃-2-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000043
将化合物2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-D-吡喃葡萄糖(100.0kg,185.0mol,纯度:99.0%)溶于二氯甲烷(466kg)中,加入饱和碳酸氢钠(31.08kg,370mol)水溶液(312kg),冷却至0℃,加入溴化钾(13.2kg,111mol)和TEMPO(2.9kg,18.6mol),搅拌1分钟后,一次性加入NaClO溶液(426kg,481mol,4.0mass%),混合物继续搅拌1小时。分液,有机相用饱和食盐水(200kg)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到标题化合物为黄色油状物(99.6kg,185mol,产物含量:97.3%,收率:100%)。
步骤2(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,6-四苄氧基-5-羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)己烷-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000044
在室温下,将(3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-6-(苄氧基甲基)四氢吡喃-2-酮(99.6kg,185mol,纯度:97.3%)溶于甲苯(520kg)中,室温氮气保护下缓慢滴入N-甲基哌嗪(46kg,460mol),保持内温在30℃以内,搅拌反应12小时。反应完毕后,向反应液中缓慢加入水(137kg),滴加完毕后继续搅拌20min后分液,重复两次分液,保留上层甲苯溶液。
在室温下,往上述甲苯溶液中滴加正庚烷(684kg),搅拌4h。溶液中缓慢析出白色固体,离心,50℃真空干燥得到标题化合物为类白色固体(94.2kg,147.4mol,产物含量:98.7%,收率:79.7%)。
步骤3(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4,6-四苄氧基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)己烷-1,5-二酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000045
将(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,6-四苄氧基-5-羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)己烷-1-酮(20.0kg,31.3mmol,纯度:98.7%)溶于甲苯(52.8kg)中,加入DMSO(44kg)和DIPEA(27.8kg,215mol),混合物在氮气氛围下冷却至5℃,在5-10℃下滴加三氧化硫吡啶复合物(17.4g,109mol)的DMSO(66kg)溶液,滴加时间约30分钟,滴加完成后,混合物在5-10℃下搅拌4小时。加入甲苯(40kg)稀释,饱和食盐水(80kg×3)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到标题化合物为棕色油状物产物(19.9kg,31.3mol,产物含量:93.2%,收率:100%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ(ppm)7.12-7.38(m,23H),4.67(d,2H),4.58(q,3H),4.51(t,1H),4.32-4.46(m,7H),4.24(q,1H),2.19(m,2H),2.02-2.11(m,5H).
步骤4[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧代-己基]2,2-二甲基丙酸酯
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000046
将特戊酸碘甲酯(21.9kg,90.3mol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(96.7kg)中并在氮气氛围下冷却至-78℃,滴加i-PrMgCl·LiCl(106.5kg,132mol,1.3mol/L)约1小时,滴加完成后,反应液继续在-78℃下搅拌1小时得到氯(2,2-二甲基丙酰氧甲基)镁,向反应瓶中滴加(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4,6-四苄氧基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)己烷-1,5-二酮(19.9kg,31.3mol,纯度:93.2%)的甲苯溶液(68.9kg)溶液。滴加完毕后,所得混合物继续在-78℃下搅拌2.5小时。向反应液中滴加冰乙酸(11.0kg)的甲苯(30kg)溶液淬灭反应,分液,有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(200kg)和饱和食盐水(300kg)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到标题化合物的粗产物为黄色油状物产物(23.5kg,31.3mol,产物含量:75.6%,收率:100%)。
步骤4标题化合物的纯化方法:
方法一:
室温下,向装有步骤4标题化合物的粗产物的反应瓶中加入溶剂A,在一定温度下搅拌溶解,再滴加溶剂B,有类白色固体析出,继续搅拌直到固体析出完全,抽滤,得到纯化后的标题化合物为类白色固体。示例1-13所用的溶剂A、溶剂B、体积比(溶剂A/溶剂B)、溶解温度、固体析出温度、析出固体时间和试验结果如表1所示。
表1:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000047
方法二:
室温下,向装有标题化合物的粗产物(10g,纯度:82.1%)的反应瓶中加入乙醇(10mL),70℃搅拌溶解,降温至10℃搅拌4小时,抽滤,50℃真空干燥得到纯化后的标题化合物为类白色固体(4.08g,产率:40.8%,纯度:97.9%);
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ(ppm)7.45–7.07(m,20H),5.23(s,1H),4.75(d,1H),4.61(t,3H),4.55–4.41(m,5H),4.28–4.19(m,2H),4.08(d,1H),3.83(d,1H),3.68(m,1H),3.63–3.54(m,1H),3.49(m,2H),3.34(m,2H),3.34(m,2H),2.29(m,1H),2.16(m,2H),2.09(s,3H),1.10(s,9H)。
实施例2(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧代-己醛
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000048
步骤1(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)己烷-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000049
示例1:
向反应瓶中加入实施例1步骤4方法一示例2制备得到的[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧代-己基]2,2-二甲基丙酸酯(10.0kg,13.3mol,纯度:93.7%)和甲苯(60L),降温至0℃,一次性加入甲醇钠(1.5kg,27.8mol),0℃搅拌5小时。反应完毕后,向反应液中加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(50L)调节pH为7-8,分液,向体系中加入饱和食盐水(13L),分液,减压浓缩,得到标题化合物为淡黄色油状产物(8.89kg,13.3mol,产物含量:88.6%,收率:100%)。
示例2-9:
将[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧代-己基]2,2-二甲基丙酸酯(纯度:93.7%)加入合适的溶剂(6mL/g)中,降温至0℃,一次性加入碱性试剂1,在一定的反应温度下反应。反应完毕后,参考实施例2步骤1示例1的后处理方法,得到标题化合物为淡黄色油状产物。示例2-9的所用的碱性试剂1、溶剂、反应温度、反应时间和试验结果如表2所示。
表2:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000050
步骤2(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧代-己醛
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000051
示例1:
将实施例2步骤1示例1制备的(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)己烷-1-酮(8.89kg,13.3mol,纯度:88.6%)溶解于甲苯(26.7L)和二甲亚砜(17.78L),氮气保护下加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(12.3kg,95.2mol),降温至0℃,滴加三氧化硫吡啶复合物(7.55kg,47.4mol)的二甲亚砜溶液(26.7L),保持0℃反应1小时。反应完成后,0℃下向反应溶液中滴加水(72.8L),滴加完毕缓慢升至室温,用饱和食盐水(30.8×3L)洗涤有机相,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得到标题化合物为淡黄色粘稠状产物(8.88kg,13.3mol,产物含量:78.6%,收率:100%,含水量0.53%)。
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:669.3[M+H] +
示例2-8:
将(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)己烷-1-酮(纯度:88.6%)溶解于合适溶剂(4L/kg)中,氮气保护下加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(7.0eq),降温至0℃,滴加合适的氧化剂1(2.0-4.0eq),在一定温度下反应。反应完成后,参考示例1的后处理方法,得到标题化合物为淡黄色粘稠状产物(含水量≤1%)。示例2-8的所用的氧化剂1、 溶剂、反应温度、反应时间和试验结果如表3所示。
表3:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000052
备注:“-”代表未测。
示例9:
在氮气保护下,向装有(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-己烷-1-酮(53.88kg)的反应釜中加入甲苯(161.6kg)、二甲亚砜(125.0kg),开启搅拌,搅拌至(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-己烷-1-酮完全溶解后,加入DIPEA(74.2kg),开启温控,釜内温度降至2±2℃时,向反应釜内滴加三氧化硫吡啶的DMSO(180.4kg)溶液,控制滴加过程温度≤10℃,滴加完毕,保温搅拌1h取样检测,反应完成。向反应釜内加入饮用水(441.4kg),搅拌5min,静置10min,分液保留有机相,用饱和食盐水(594.6kg)洗涤有机相3次。滴加亚硫酸氢钠(74.2kg)水(80.8kg)溶液,滴加完毕搅拌12h,分液,保留中层油状物,油状物用甲苯(161.0kg)洗涤(2次),得到[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-1,2-二羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧-己基]磺酸钠,为油状物,该油状物返釜直接用于下步反应(48.6kg,产物含量:88.5%,收率:78.2%)。
向装有[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-1,2-二羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧-己基]磺酸钠(10.49kg,13.6mol)反应釜内加入甲苯(26.6kg)和碳酸钠(5.63kg,53.1mol)水(35.5kg)溶液,搅拌8h,则停止搅拌,静置、分液,用饱和食盐水洗有机相,减压浓缩至无明显馏分,得到标题化合物为淡黄色粘稠状产物(8.17kg,12.5mol,收率:92%,产物含量:88.3%,含水量:0.4%)。
实施例3(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-苄氧基甲基-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)庚烷-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000053
示例1:
室温下,向反应釜中加入二氯甲烷(32.5kg),R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚(0.77kg,2.7mol),氮气保护下加入钛酸异丙酯(5.42kg,19.07mol),降温至10℃,一次性加入二甲基锌(53L,1mol/L),降温至-20℃,滴加实施例2步骤2示例1制备的(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧-己醛(8.88kg,13.3mol,纯度:78.6%)的甲苯(28kg)溶液,滴加过程中控制温度为-10℃~0℃,滴加完毕,继续搅拌20分钟后恢复室温搅拌4小时。反应完成后,将反应液降温至-25℃,缓慢加入到提前降温至-10℃的二氯甲烷(94.1kg)、浓盐酸(37.3kg)和水(88.8kg)混合溶液中,搅拌20分钟,分液,有机相依次用水(44kg)、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(48kg)和10%食盐水(45kg)洗涤,减压浓缩得到标题化合物为棕色粘稠物(9.09kg,13.3mol,产物含量:78.8%,收率:100%)。
示例2-17:
室温下向加入合适的溶剂(3.0L/kg)和(R)-BINOL,氮气保护下任选地加入钛酸异丙酯,降温至10℃,一次性加入甲基化试剂1,在合适的滴加底物温度下滴加(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧-己醛(纯度:78.6%)的甲苯溶液,滴加完毕,继续搅拌20分钟后,在一定反应温度下搅拌反应4小时。反应完成后,参考示例1的后处理方法,得到标题化合物为棕色粘稠物。
示例2-17的制备方法参考示例1的方法,所用的溶剂、甲基化试剂1、甲基化试剂1的用量、钛酸异丙酯的用量,(R)-BINOL 的用量、滴加底物的温度、反应温度和试验结果如表4所示。
表4:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000054
备注:“-”代表未添加或不存在。
示例18:
室温下,向反应釜中加入二氯甲烷(32.5kg),Salen配体(1.47kg,2.7mol),氮气保护下加入钛酸异丙酯(5.42kg,19.07mol),降温至10℃,一次性加入二甲基锌(53L,1mol/L),降温至-20℃,滴加实施例2步骤2示例1制备的(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧-己醛(8.88kg,13.3mol,,纯度:78.6%)的甲苯(28kg)溶液,滴加过程中控制温度为-10℃~0℃,滴加完毕,继续搅拌20分钟后恢复室温搅拌4小时。反应完成后,将反应液降温至-25℃,缓慢加入到提前降温至-10℃的二氯甲烷(94.1kg)、浓盐酸(37.3kg)和水(88.8kg)混合溶液中,搅拌20分钟,分液,有机相依次用水(44kg)、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(48kg)和10%食盐水(45kg)洗涤,减压浓缩得到标题化合物为棕色粘稠物(9.09kg,13.3mol,产物含量:83.4%,收率:100%)。
示例19:
氮气保护下,向反应釜中加入二氯甲烷(20.0kg)、钛酸异丙酯(3.48kg,12.0mol),降温至-15℃,滴加入甲基溴化镁(15.5kg,15.0mol),加毕搅拌30min,升温至0℃,滴加实施例2步骤2示例9制备的(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧-己醛(2.0kg,3.0mol)的二氯甲烷(12kg)溶液,后保持25℃,搅拌12h,将反应液降温至-25℃,在另外一个反应釜搅拌下加入水(10.0kg)、浓盐酸(8.4kg)和二氯甲烷(20kg),降温至-10℃,将反应液加入装有盐酸溶液的反应釜中,并保持该反应釜处于真空抽气状态,加入完毕后,静置20min,分液,依次用水(20kg)、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(11.0kg)和饱和食盐水(4.9kg)洗涤有机相,减压浓缩至无明显馏分后得到淡黄色粘稠产物(2.04kg,收率:100%,产物含量:86.9%,ee:90.7%)。
示例20-24:
室温下向加入合适的溶剂(3.0L/kg甲苯溶剂、12.0L/kg二氯甲烷溶液或6.0L/kg四氢呋喃溶液)和salen,氮气保护下任选地加入钛酸异丙酯,降温至0℃,一次性加入甲基化试剂1,在合适的滴加底物温度下滴加(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-2-(苄氧甲基)-2-羟基-6-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-6-氧-己醛(纯度:88.3%)的合适溶剂的(3.0L/kg)溶液,滴加完毕,继续搅拌20分钟后,在一定反应温度下搅拌反应若干小时。反应完成后,参考示例19的后处理方法,得到标题化合物为棕色粘稠物。
示例20-24的制备方法参考示例19的方法,所用的溶剂、甲基化试剂1、甲基化试剂1的用量、钛酸异丙酯的用量,Salen配体的用量、滴加底物的温度、反应温度和实验结果如表5所示。
表5:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000055
实施例4溴-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]镁
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000056
向5L四口瓶中加入镁屑(0.54kg,22.5mmol)和碘粒(2.8g),氮气氛围下加入5-溴-2-氯-4'-乙氧基二苯甲烷(6.20kg,19.04mol)的无水四氢呋喃(18.3L)溶液中的2.0L,加热直至反应引发,然后滴加入剩余的5-溴-2-氯-4'-乙氧基二苯甲烷的四氢呋喃溶液,滴加时间约40分钟,滴完后,混合物继续搅拌50分钟。所得格氏试剂冷却至室温后得到标题产物为灰黑色液体(17.14mol,产物含量:87.3%,收率:90%)直接用于下一步反应。
实施例5(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]丁烷-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000057
方法一:
步骤1(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)丁烷-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000058
示例1:
将实施例3示例1制备的(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-苄氧基甲基-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)庚烷-1-酮(9.09kg,13.3mol,纯度:78.8%)溶于甲苯(31.8kg)中,依次加入2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(4.18kg)和甲烷磺酸(2.09kg),混合物在10℃下搅拌1h。反应结束后,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(30.0kg)和饱和食盐水(18.0kg)洗涤,有机相未经干燥直接减压浓缩得标题化合物为棕色糖浆状产物(9.6kg,13.3mol,产物含量:76.3%,收率:100%)。
示例2-7:
将(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-苄氧基甲基-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)庚烷-1-酮(纯度:78.8%)溶于合适的溶剂(5mL/g)中,依次加入羟基保护试剂(3.0eq)和甲烷磺酸(1.0eq),混合物在一定温度下搅拌反应1小时。反应结束后,依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和饱和食盐水洗涤,有机相未经干燥直接减压浓缩得标题化合物为棕色糖浆状产物。示例2-7所用的溶剂、羟基保护试剂1、反应温度和实验结果如表6所示。
表6:
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000059
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:723.3[M+H] +
步骤2(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基] 丁烷-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000060
将实施例5步骤1示例1制备的(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)丁烷-1-酮(9.6kg,13.3mol,纯度:76.3%)溶于无水四氢呋喃(25.4kg)中并在氮气氛围下冷却至-20℃,滴加实施例4制得的溴-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]镁(17.14mol,纯度:87.3%)四氢呋喃溶液(18.3L),滴加时间约30分钟,滴完后,混合物继续在-20℃下搅拌20分钟然后移至室温下搅拌2小时。反应完成后,加入稀盐酸溶液(9L,1mol/L)淬灭反应。向混合溶液中加入正庚烷(26kg)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水(26.0L)洗涤,减压浓缩,浓缩液中加入正庚烷(118L),搅拌20分钟,加入甲醇和水的混合溶液(甲醇/水(m/m)=6/1,25kg)洗涤,再向反应溶液中加入双氧水(22.1kg)搅拌8小时,分液,用水(27.8L)洗有机相,减压浓缩至无馏分后,加入乙腈(23.0kg)溶解,再用正庚烷(20L×6)洗涤乙腈相,乙腈相减压浓缩得到棕色油状产物(7.4kg,产物含量:65.3%,收率:64.0%)。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3)δ(ppm)8.07(s,1H),7.95(d,1H),7.42(t,6H),7.36–7.28(m,10H),7.08(dt,5H),6.93(d,2H),6.82(d,2H),5.27(d,1H),4.91(dd,2H),4.70–4.50(m,6H),4.44(dd,2H),4.20(d,1H),4.13–3.93(m,6H),3.84(dd,2H),1.49(s,3H),1.42(dd,6H),1.25(s,3H).
方法二:
步骤1(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4-鎓-1-基)-5,6-双羟基-庚烷-1-酮碘化物
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000061
向反应瓶中加入(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-苄氧基甲基-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)庚烷-1-酮(1.0g,1.5mmol,纯度:76.1%)、甲苯(6mL)和碘甲烷(0.15mL,2.4mmol),室温搅拌4小时。反应结束后,滴加正庚烷(1.0mL),有粘稠物析出,倾去上层清液,减压浓缩,得到标题化合物为淡黄色油状产物(1.2g,1.5mmol,产物含量:82.5%,收率:100%),直接用于下步反应。
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:825.2[M+H] +
步骤2(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4-鎓-1-基)丁基 -1-酮碘化物
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000062
将(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4-鎓-1-基)-5,6-双羟基-庚烷-1-酮碘化物(0.60g,0.73 mmol,纯度:94.5%)溶于二氯甲烷(5.0mL)中,加入2,2-二甲氧基丙烷(0.27mL,2.2mmol),混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。依次用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(5mL)和饱和食盐水(5mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到标题化合物为黄色泡沫状固体产物(0.60g,0.69mmol,产物含量:93.0%,收率:95%)。
步骤3(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯 基]丁烷-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000063
(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4-鎓-1-基)丁基-1-酮碘化物(0.60g,0.69mmol,纯度:93.0%)溶于无水四氢呋喃(3.0mL)中并在氮气氛围下冷却至-20℃,滴加溴-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1.7mL,0.83mmol,0.50mol/L),滴加时间约1分钟,滴完后,混合物继续在-20℃下搅拌20分钟然后移至室温下搅拌2小时。将混合物冷却至0℃,加入饱和氯化铵溶液(3mL),所得混合物用石油醚(10mL)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水(5mL)洗涤,减压浓缩,所得残留物溶于石油醚(15mL)中,用甲醇/水(v/v=8/1,3mL)洗涤,减压浓缩得无色油状物产物(0.60g,0.69mmol,产物含量:60.0%,收率:100%)。
实施例6(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]-5,6-2(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000064
方法一:
步骤1(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-5,6-2(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000065
向反应瓶中加入(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-苄氧基甲基-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)庚烷-1-酮(0.60g,1.0mmol,纯度:76.8%)、四氢呋喃(6mL)和4-甲基吗啉(0.40mL,4.0mmol),冰浴下缓慢加入三甲基氯硅烷(0.31mL,4.0mmol),加完后继续冰浴搅拌10min,升至室温继续搅拌30min。反应结束后,向反应体系中加入水(5mL),再向反应体系中加入甲苯(20mL),所得混合物用饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得到标题化合物为淡黄色油状产物(0.74g,1.0mmol,产物含量:74.3%,收率:100%),直接用于下步反应。
步骤2(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]-5,6-2(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000066
将(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-5,6-2(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮(5.0g,6.04mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(20mL)中并在氮气氛围下冷却至-20℃,滴加溴-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]镁(2.7g,7.86mmol),滴加时间约30分钟,滴完后,混合物继续在-20℃下搅拌20分钟然后移至室温下搅拌2小时。反应结束后,加入饱和氯化铵溶液(30mL)淬灭反应。所得混合物用石油醚(50mL)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水(100mL×2)洗涤,减压浓缩,剩余物 经硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v),=1/30-1/10),得到标题化合物为黄色糖浆状物产物(3.5g,6.04mmol,产物含量:89.2%,收率:60%)。
方法二:
步骤1(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4-鎓-1-基)-5,6-双羟基-庚烷-1-酮碘化物
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000067
向反应瓶中加入(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-苄氧基甲基-5,6-二羟基-1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)庚烷-1-酮(1.0g,1.5mmol,纯度:76.1%)、甲苯(6mL)和碘甲烷(0.15mL,2.4mmol),室温搅拌4小时。反应结束后,滴加正庚烷(1.0mL),有粘稠物析出,倾去上层清液,减压浓缩,得到标题化合物为淡黄色油状产物(1.2g,1.5mmol,产物含量:82.5%,收率:100%),直接用于下步反应。
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:825.2[M+H] +
步骤2(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4-鎓-1-基)-5,6-二(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮碘化物
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000068
将(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4- -1-基)-5,6-双羟基-庚烷-1-酮碘化物(0.60g,0.73mmol,纯度:82.5%)、二氯甲烷(6mL)和4-甲基吗啉(0.40mL,4.0mmol)加入到反应瓶中,氮气保护,冰浴下缓慢加入三甲基氯硅烷(0.31mL,4.0mmol),加完后继续冰浴搅拌10min,升至室温继续搅拌30min。反应结束后,向反应体系中加入水(5mL),再向反应体系中加入甲苯(20mL),所得混合物经过饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,滤液减压浓缩,得到标题化合物为淡黄色油状产物(0.70g,0.73mmol,产物含量:81.2%,收率:100%),直接用于下步反应。
步骤4(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]-5,6-2(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000069
将(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-(4,4-二甲基哌嗪-4-鎓-1-基)-5,6-二(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮碘化物(0.60g,0.69mmol,纯度:81.2%)溶于无水四氢呋喃(3.0mL)中并在氮气氛围下冷却至-20℃,滴加溴-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1.9mL,0.966mmol,0.50mol/L),滴加时间约1分钟,滴完后,混合物继续在-20℃下搅拌20分钟然后移至室温下搅拌2小时。将混合物冷却至0℃,加入饱和氯化铵溶液(3mL),所得混合物用石油醚(10mL)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水(5mL)洗涤,减压浓缩,所得残留物溶于石油醚(15mL)中,再用甲醇/水(v/v=8/1,3mL)洗涤,减压浓缩得到标题化合物为无色油状物产物(0.60g,0.69mmol,产物含量:65.3%,收率:100%)。
实施例7(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-5-(3-(4-乙氧苄基)-4-氯苯基)-1-((1R)-1-羟乙基)-6,8-二氧杂-二环[3.2.1]辛烷-2,3,4-三醇
Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-000070
方法一:
将实施例5方法一制备得到的(2R,3S,4S)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-4-[(4R,5R)-4-(苄氧甲基)-2,2,5-三甲基-1,3-二氧戊环-4-基]-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]丁烷-1-酮(7.4kg,8.5mol,纯度:64.0%)溶于四氢呋喃(15.1kg)中,加入甲醇(47.4kg)、浓盐酸(5.0kg,36mass%)和钯/碳(0.74kg,10mass%),所得混合物在氢气氛围下搅拌12h。反应结束后,抽滤,滤液减压浓缩,所得残留物溶于乙酸乙酯(61.4kg)中,依次用水(100kg)、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(55kg)和饱和食盐水(80kg)洗涤,减压 浓缩,残留物用甲醇(40kg)溶解,正庚烷(30kg×3)洗涤,得到类白色泡沫状固体物(2.28kg,5.06mol,产物含量:74.3%,收率:59.5%)。
方法二:
示例1:
将实施例6方法一制备得到的(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]-5,6-2(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮(5.9g,6.04mmol,纯度:73.2%)溶于四氢呋喃(10mL)中,加入甲醇(50mL)、浓盐酸(2.9mL,337mmol,36mass%)和钯/碳(0.295g,5mass%),所得混合物在氢气氛围下搅拌12h。反应结束后,抽滤,滤液减压浓缩,所得残留物溶于乙酸乙酯(20mL)中,依次用水(10mL)、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(10mL)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,减压浓缩,残留物经硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1-1/0),得到标题化合物为白色泡沫状固体物(1.8g,33mmol,产物含量:91.2%,收率:58%)。
示例2:
将实施例6方法二制备的(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-(苄氧甲基)-1-[4-氯-3-[(4-乙氧苯基)甲基]苯基]-5,6-2(三甲基硅氧基)庚基-1-酮(6.1g,6.16mmol,纯度:64.6%)溶于四氢呋喃(10mL)中,加入甲醇(50mL)、浓盐酸(2.9mL,337mmol,36mass%)和钯/碳(1.22g,20mass%),所得混合物在氢气氛围下搅拌12h。反应结束后,抽滤,滤液减压浓缩,所得残留物溶于乙酸乙酯(20mL)中,依次用水(10mL)、饱和碳酸氢钠溶液(10mL)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,减压浓缩,残留物经硅胶柱层析纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚(v/v)=1/1-1/0),得到标题化合物为白色泡沫状固体物(2.0g,33mmol,产物含量:82.1%,收率:71.9%)。
MS(ESI,pos.ion)m/z:451.2[M+H] +
1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ(ppm):7.41(dd,2H),7.35-7.29(m,1H),7.11(d,2H),6.84(d,2H),5.30(d,1H),5.01(d,1H),4.92(d,1H),4.64(d,1H),4.03-3.95(m,5H),3.85(p,1H),3.78(d,1H),3.59-3.53(m,1H),3.44(dd,1H),3.38(m,1H),1.30(t,3H),1.18(d,3H).
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外,在不相互矛盾的情况下,本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对本发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (37)

  1. 一种式(VI-a)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
    步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
    步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,在手性配体1存在的条件下,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100002
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其中,所述手性配体1为R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚、(4R,5R)-2,2-二甲基-a,a,a',a'-四苯基-1,3-二氧戊环-4,5-二甲醇、(S)-(-)-5,5',6,6',7,7',8,8'-八氢-1,1'-2-萘酚、Salen配体、金属-Salen配体、金属-BINOL配体或(1R,2R)-(+)-N,N’-二对甲苯磺酰-1,2-环己二胺-金属配体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.01~0.9倍;优选地,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05~0.2倍;
    所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0倍以下;优选地,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.2倍以下。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(a)中进一步添加钛酸异丙酯,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.5~5.0倍;优选地,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~4.0倍。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~2.0倍,或所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~4.0倍。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,所述甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁、甲基氯化镁、甲基锂、三甲基铝或二甲基锌。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其中,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;优选地,所述甲基化试剂1的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法,其中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;优选地,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;
    所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~6.0倍;优选地,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;优选地,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~5.0倍。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(a)的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(a)的反应温度为10℃~40℃,优选地,步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;
    步骤(a)中式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,其中,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~25℃;优选地,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时的反应液温度为-10℃~0℃。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(a)的甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁, 反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;或者,步骤(a)的甲基化试剂1为二甲基锌,反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12任意一项所述的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
    步骤(a):式(VII)所示化合物,与甲基化试剂1进行加成反应,得到式(VI-a)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100003
    其中,
    所述甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,其中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~5.0倍;
    步骤(a)中进一步添加钛酸异丙酯,其中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~4.0倍;
    步骤(a)的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;
    步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;
    步骤(a)式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃;
    或者,
    步骤(a)是在手性配体1存在的条件下进行反应的,其中所述手性配体1为R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚,其中,所述R-1,1'-联-2-萘酚的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.05~0.2倍;或所述手性配体1为Salen配体,其中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.2倍以下;
    所述甲基化试剂1为二甲基锌,其中,所述二甲基锌的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~6.0倍;
    步骤(a)中进一步添加钛酸异丙酯,其中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的1.0~2.0倍;
    步骤(a)的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;
    步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;
    步骤(a)式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃;
    或者,
    步骤(a)是在手性配体1存在的条件下进行的,所述手性配体1为Salen配体,其中,所述Salen配体的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的0.2倍以下;
    所述甲基化试剂1为甲基溴化镁,其中,所述甲基溴化镁的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的4.0~5.0倍;
    步骤(a)中进一步添加钛酸异丙酯,其中,所述钛酸异丙酯的物质的量为式(VII)所示化合物的3.0~4.0倍;
    步骤(a)的反应溶剂为二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯或其任意组合;
    步骤(a)的反应温度为20℃~30℃;
    步骤(a)式(VII)所示化合物以滴加方式加入,滴加式(VII)所示化合物时反应液的温度为-10℃~0℃。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,式(VII)所示化合物的制备方法包含以下步骤:
    步骤(1):将含有式(IX)所示化合物的粗品溶解于溶剂A中,然后向其中加入溶剂B,析出固体的式(IX)所示化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100004
    步骤(2):式(IX)所示化合物在碱性试剂1作用下发生水解反应,得到式(VIII)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100005
    步骤(3):式(VIII)所示化合物在氧化剂1作用下经氧化反应,得到式(VII)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100006
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其中,式(VII)所示化合物任选地可以通过以下步骤进一步纯化:
    步骤(3-1):式(VII)所示化合物与亚硫酸氢钠反应生成式(VII-a)所示化合物;
    步骤(3-2):式(VII-a)所示化合物在碱性试剂的作用下反应得到纯化的式(VII)所示化合物;
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100007
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的制备方法,其中步骤(3-1)的反应溶剂为水;
    步骤(3-2)的反应溶剂为甲苯、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲醇、乙醇、正庚烷、甲基叔丁基醚、乙醚或其任意组合;
    步骤(3-2)的碱性试剂为碳酸钾、碳酸钠、氢氧化钠、碳酸氢钠或碳酸铯。
  17. 根据权利要求14-16任意一项所述的制备方法,所述溶剂A为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、叔丁醇、丙酮、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、乙醚、异丙醚、苯甲醚或其任意组合;所述溶剂B为正庚烷、正己烷、环己烷、石油醚、水或其任意组合。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的制备方法,所述溶剂A为甲苯,溶剂B为正庚烷;或所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为水;或所述溶剂A为异丙醇,溶剂B为水;或所述溶剂A为叔丁醇,溶剂B为水;或所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为正庚烷;或所述溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为正己烷;或溶剂A为乙醇,溶剂B为环己烷。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的制备方法,其中所述甲苯和正庚烷的体积比为(1:3)~(1:8);所述乙醇和 水的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);所述异丙醇和水的体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);所述乙醇和正庚烷体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);所述乙醇和正己烷体积比为(1:1)~(3:1);所述乙醇和环己烷体积比为(1:1)~(3:1)。
  20. 根据权利要求14-19任意一项所述的制备方法,其中步骤(1)的析晶温度为40℃~10℃;优选地,步骤(1)的析晶温度为30℃~10℃。
  21. 根据权利要求14-20任意一项所述的制备方法,其中步骤(2)中所述碱性试剂1为甲醇钠、乙醇钠、叔丁醇钠、叔丁醇钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铯、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
  22. 根据权利要求14-21任意一项所述的制备方法,其中步骤(2)所用的溶剂为二氯甲烷、甲苯、二氯乙烷、甲基叔丁基醚、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃或其任意组合;
    步骤(2)的反应温度为-10℃~30℃;优选地,步骤(2)的反应温度为-10℃~0℃。
  23. 根据权利要求14-22任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(3)的氧化剂1为次氯酸钠、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶氧化物、三氧化硫吡啶、氧气、臭氧、戴斯-马丁氧化剂、硝酸铁、2-碘酰基苯甲酸或碘。
  24. 根据权利要求14-23任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(3)所用的溶剂为甲苯、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、N,N-二异丙基乙胺或其任意组合;
    步骤(3)的反应温度为-10℃~30℃;优选地,步骤(3)的反应温度为0℃~10℃。
  25. 根据权利要求14-24任意一项所述的制备方法,式(VII)所示的化合物的含水量≤1%,优选地,式(VII)所示化合物的含水量≤0.6%。
  26. 权利要求1-25任意一项所述的制备方法制备得到的式(VI-a)所示化合物。
  27. 一种式(I)所示化合物的制备方法,包含以下步骤:
    步骤(d):式(II)所示化合物在酸性条件下进行加氢还原并关环,得到式(I)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100008
    其中,
    R 1和R 2各自独立地为苄基、三苯基甲基、对甲氧基苄基、叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、叔丁基二苯基硅基、三乙基硅基、三异丙基硅基、苄氧羰基、2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧甲基、二氢吡喃基、溴丙烯基、乙酯甲酰基、乙酰基或苯甲酰基,
    或R 1、R 2和与它们相连的OCHCO或氧原子一起,形成
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100009
    所述式(II)所示化合物的制备方法包含以下步骤:
    步骤(b):式(VI-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与羟基保护试剂1反应,得到式(III-a)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100010
    步骤(c):式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐与式(IV)所示化合物发生偶联反应,得到式(II)所示的化合物,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100011
    其中,
    X为Cl、Br或I;
    所述各R 1和R 2独立地为苄基、三苯基甲基、对甲氧基苄基、叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、叔丁基二苯基硅基、三乙基硅基、三异丙基硅基、苄氧羰基、2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧甲基、二氢吡喃基、溴丙烯基、乙酯甲酰基、乙酰基或苯甲酰基,
    或R 1、R 2和与它们相连的OCHCO或氧原子一起,形成
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100012
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的制备方法,其中所述式(VI-a)化合物由权利要求1-25任意一项所述的制备方法得到。
  29. 根据权利要求27或28所述的制备方法,其中,所述药学上可接受的盐为甲基季铵盐、苄基季铵盐、乙基季铵盐、草酸盐、柠檬酸盐、盐酸盐、磷酸盐或乙酸盐。
  30. 根据权利要求27-29任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(d)中所述的酸性条件是所述反应在酸存在的条件下反应,所述酸为盐酸或乙酸;加氢还原反应所用的催化剂为钯/碳、氢氧化钯/碳、铂/碳、雷尼镍或氯化钯;其中,所述催化剂与式(II)所示化合物的质量比为(0.02:1)~(0.8:1);优选地,所述催化剂与式(II)所示化合物的质量比为(0.1:1)~(0.6:1);优选地,所述催化剂与式(II)所示化合物的质量比为(0.05:1)~(0.2:1)。
  31. 根据权利要求27-30任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(c)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的1.0~1.5倍;优选地,步骤(c)中,所述式(IV)所示化合物的物质的量为式(III-a)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的1.2倍~1.4倍。
  32. 根据权利要求27-31任意一项所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(b)的反应溶剂为甲苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、二氯甲烷、甲基叔丁基醚、四氢呋喃或其任意组合;
    步骤(b)的反应温度为0℃~40℃;优选地,步骤(b)的反应温度为10℃~40℃;优选地,步骤(b)的反应温度为10℃~30℃;
    步骤(c)的反应溶剂为四氢呋喃、甲基四氢呋喃、甲基叔丁基醚、甲苯、二氯甲烷或其任意组合;
    步骤(c)的反应温度为10℃~40℃;优选地,步骤(c)的反应温度为20℃~30℃。
  33. 根据权利要求27-32任意一项所述的制备方法,其中所述羟基保护试剂1为2,2-二甲氧基丙烷、苯甲醛二甲缩醛、三甲基氯硅烷或叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷。
  34. 根据权利要求27-33任意一项所述的制备方法,式(II)所示的化合物具有以下之一所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100013
  35. 根据权利要求27-34任意一项所述的制备方法,式(III-a)所示的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐具有以下之一所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100014
  36. 一种制备式(II)所示化合物的中间体,所述中间体选自式(ii)所示结构的化合物或式(ii)所示化合物的立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体、溶剂化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100015
    其中,
    R 4为H、D或-O-R 6
    R 5为H;
    或R 4、R 5和与它们相连的碳原子一起形成-C(=O)-;
    R 3为哌嗪基、吗啉基、甲基哌嗪基或
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100016
    R 6和R 7各自独立地为H、D、苄基、三苯基甲基、对甲氧基苄基、叔丁基二甲基硅基、三甲基硅基、叔丁基二苯基硅基、三乙基硅基、三异丙基硅基、苄氧羰基、2-(三甲基硅烷基)乙氧甲基、二氢吡喃基、溴丙烯基、乙酯甲酰基、乙酰基或苯甲酰基,
    或R 6、R 7和与它们相连的OCHCO或氧原子一起,形成
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100017
  37. 根据权利要求36所述的中间体,其具有以下之一所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2020070860-appb-100018
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