WO2020143107A1 - 一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020143107A1
WO2020143107A1 PCT/CN2019/076964 CN2019076964W WO2020143107A1 WO 2020143107 A1 WO2020143107 A1 WO 2020143107A1 CN 2019076964 W CN2019076964 W CN 2019076964W WO 2020143107 A1 WO2020143107 A1 WO 2020143107A1
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grate bar
core
mold
pressure
mold part
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PCT/CN2019/076964
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡许先
王韩希
许元根
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长沙威尔保新材料有限公司
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Publication of WO2020143107A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020143107A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/062—Mechanisms for locking or opening moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/065—Cooling or heating equipment for moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/09—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using pressure

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  • the invention relates to a method for preparing fragile parts of steel production equipment, in particular to a method for preparing grate bars of one of the fragile parts on a sintering machine trolley.
  • the sintering workshop of a steel plant is an important part of steel production. It is the main work of the sintering workshop of the steel plant to mix the iron fine powder and the solid fuel together, and obtain a sintered pellet for steelmaking through a high temperature close to 1300 degrees. Iron fine powder and solid fuel are placed on the sintering trolley, supported by the trolley grate. Therefore, the trolley grate bars are alternately heated in the temperature range of 200-800°C. Secondly, CO, CO 2 , SO 2 and water vapor in the sintering atmosphere produce oxidation, corrosion, erosion and other effects on the grate bars. The grate can not only withstand the severe alternation of temperature and acid-base corrosion, but also have sufficient mechanical strength.
  • chromium-nickel heat-resistant steel is generally used to produce grate bars through the common casting process.
  • this common casting process not only has many production processes, but also has many uncontrollable factors in the production process. Waste slag and waste are easily generated in the production process.
  • Environmentally friendly substances such as liquids, and the resulting grate bars cause severe wear, short service life and poor performance due to slag holes, air holes, fractures and flaking, which affects the production efficiency and production cost of the sintering workshop. Benefits of steel mills.
  • the invention aims to provide a method for preparing a grate bar for a sintering machine trolley, which can reduce internal defects of the grate bar and improve the mechanical properties of the grate bar.
  • the present invention is realized by the following scheme:
  • a method for preparing grate bars for sintering machine trolleys after preparing raw materials required for preparing grate bars, melting them to liquid state at high temperature, purifying and removing slag, under the condition that the charge is completely liquid Apply pressure to it until the charge solidifies to obtain the blank, and finally punch the blank.
  • a better solution to the process of applying pressure to the liquid charge is to pour the liquid charge after melting, purification and slag removal into the mold at 1600 to 1650°C and let it stand for at least 5 seconds. 200 to 400 tons of mold clamping pressure. After 5 to 10 seconds, apply at least 300 tons of pressure to the liquid charge for 10 to 20 seconds until the liquid charge solidifies. After that, the blank is opened and ejected, and then the solidified blank is die cut.
  • the pressure applying device generally uses a four-column hydraulic press and the like.
  • the mold used has a structure similar to the existing grate bars, and is composed of an upper mold part and a lower mold part.
  • the upper mold part is connected to the pressure applying part from the top of the pressure applying device through the first piston rod.
  • the lower mold part is connected to the pressure applying part from below by the second piston rod; the upper mold part and the lower mold part are connected by a connecting rod, a thimble, etc., the middle position of the upper mold part is the upper core, upper
  • the center of the core is a split cone with an inverted cone shape.
  • the middle position of the lower mold part corresponding to the complete position of the upper core is the lower core, and there is a material cavity in the center of the lower core, the upper mold part and the lower mold
  • the material cavity and the split cone are coupled; cooling water pipes are arranged on the periphery of the material cavity and the split cone, and the material of the upper core and the lower core is heat-resistant steel.
  • the grate bar is a heat-resistant steel material. This material has a low carbon content and a high alloy content of more than 20%. After melting, the liquidity of the liquid charge is very poor, and the pouring temperature is high, above 1600 °C. This liquid charge is solidified at a pressure of more than 300 tons, which is a difficult process to achieve. Therefore, the industry generally does not choose to adopt the liquid forging process of the present invention under high liquid pressure for forming, although this The process is used in the processing and manufacturing of many metal parts, but the liquid forging process of the present invention, which is formed by applying large pressure under liquid conditions, has not been used in the preparation process of the grate bar.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the preparation method of the grate bar of the present invention has a short process flow and high production efficiency, and the prepared grate product has good stability in size and mechanical properties.
  • the preparation method of the grate bar of the present invention in the production process, no waste sand like the original traditional casting is produced, and there is no grinding process like the original traditional casting, which has less dust and is friendly to the production environment.
  • the grate bars prepared by the preparation method of the present invention because the liquid furnace charge is solidified, the continuous pressurization by the device can basically achieve zero defects in the grate bars, and the tensile strength of the grate bars is above 700MPa and extends The rate is 15-20%.
  • the grate bars prepared by the traditional casting method with the same charge formula have a tensile strength of 400-600MPa, an elongation of less than 10%, and there are many defects such as holes in the interior.
  • the mechanical and mechanical properties of the grate bars prepared by the method of the invention are far superior to the traditional cast grate bars.
  • the mold used in the preparation is made of heat-resistant steel at its core, and is equipped with circulating cooling water pipes to ensure that the mold material is used within a reasonable temperature range.
  • the middle position of the upper mold part is the upper mold core 1-1, and the center of the upper mold core is a split cone 1-1-1 with an inverted cone shape.
  • the middle position of the lower mold part 2 corresponding to the full position is the lower mold core 2-1, and a material cavity 2-1-1 is opened in the center of the lower mold core 2-1, and the upper mold part 1 and the lower mold part 2 are assembled
  • the material cavity 2-1-1 is coupled with the diverter cone 1-1-1; cooling water pipes 5 are arranged on the periphery of the material cavity 2-1-1 and the diverter cone 1-1-1, and the upper mold core 1- 1 and the lower mold core 2-1 are made of heat-resistant steel.
  • the surface of the grate product is fine and clean, without oxide scale, and it is observed under a metallurgical microscope. It can be found that there are no defects inside the product, the grain is fine and uniform, and the mechanical strength test shows that the product has a tensile strength of 800MPa and an elongation of 16 %.
  • the grate bars prepared by the traditional casting method with the same furnace material formula have a tensile strength between 400 and 600 MPa and an elongation of less than 10%. Observation under a metallurgical microscope reveals that there are a large number of holes and other defects in the grate bar .
  • the surface of the grate product is fine and clean, without oxide scale, and it is observed under a metallurgical microscope. It can be found that there are no defects inside the product, the grain is fine and uniform, and the mechanical strength test shows that the tensile strength of the product is 700MPa and the elongation rate is 15 %.
  • the surface of the grate product is fine and clean, without oxide scale, and it is observed under a metallurgical microscope. It can be found that there are no defects inside the product, the grain is fine and uniform, and the mechanical strength test shows that the tensile strength of the product is 900MPa and the elongation rate is 20. %.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法，将制备炉篦条所需的原材料配制炉料后，高温将其熔化至液态，净化除渣后，在炉料是全液态条件下向其施加压力至炉料凝固得到料坯，最后冲切料坯。炉篦条的制备方法，工艺流程短，生产效率高，灰尘少，生产环境友好，制备所得的炉篦产品尺寸和机械性能稳定性好，且可基本实现炉篦条内部零缺陷，机械力学性能优于传统铸造的炉篦条。

Description

一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢铁生产用设备易损部件的制备方法，特别涉及一种烧结机台车上的易损部件之一的炉篦条的制备方法。
背景技术
钢厂烧结车间，是钢铁生产的一个重要环节。把铁精粉和固体燃料混合在一起，通过接近1300度的高温，得到炼钢用的烧结球团，这是钢厂烧结车间的主要工作。铁精粉和固体燃料都是放置在烧结台车上，通过台车炉篦条支撑。因此，台车炉篦条在200～800℃的温度范围内交变受热，其次烧结气氛中CO、CO 2、SO 2和水蒸气对炉篦条产生氧化、腐蚀、冲刷等作用，这样要求炉篦条不仅能够经受住温度的剧烈交变和酸碱腐蚀，还要有足够的机械强度。台车炉篦条的使用寿命，严重影响烧结球团的生产效率和质量。目前，普遍采用铬镍耐热钢，通过普通铸造的工艺方法生产炉篦条，但是这种普通铸造的工艺，不仅生产工序多，生产过程的不可控因素多，生产过程中容易产生废渣，废液等对环境不友好的物质，并且制得的炉篦条因渣孔、气孔、断裂和剥落等导致损耗严重、使用寿命短和性能不佳，影响了烧结车间的生产效率和生产成本严重影响钢厂的效益。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法，可减少炉篦条内部缺陷，提高炉篦条的力学性能。本发明通过以下方案实现：
一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法，将制备炉篦条所需的原材料配制炉料后，于高温将其熔化至液态，净化除渣后，在炉料是全液态条件下向 其施加压力至炉料凝固得到料坯，最后冲切料坯。
向液态炉料施加压力的过程更优的方案为：将经熔化——净化除渣后的液态炉料于1600～1650℃倒入模具中静置至少5秒后，通过施加压力的装置合模，保持200～400吨的合模压力，5～10秒后再向液态炉料施加至少300吨的压力10～20秒至液态炉料凝固。之后，开模并顶出的料坯，再冲切凝固后的料坯。所述的施加压力装置一般采用四柱液压机等。
所采用的模具，其结构与现有炉篦条类似，由上模部件和下模部件组合而成，上模部件通过第一活塞杆与施加压力装置的由上往下施加压力的部件连接，下模部件通过第二活塞杆与施加压力装置的由下往上施加压力的部件连接；上模部件与下模部件通过连接杆、顶针等连接，上模部件的中间位置是上模芯，上模芯的正中是呈倒锥形的分流锥，与上模芯完全位置对应的在下模部件的中间位置是下模芯，且在下模芯的正中心开有料腔，在上模部件与下模部件组装成模具时，料腔与分流锥偶合；在料腔和分流锥的外围布有冷却水管，上模芯和下模芯的材质为耐热钢。
炉篦条是一种耐热钢材质，这种材质碳含量低、合金含量高，达到20％以上，在熔化以后，其液态炉料的流动性非常差，浇注温度要求高，在1600℃以上，这种液态炉料在300吨以上的压力凝固，这是很难实现的一个工艺，因此行业内一般不会选择采用本发明的这种在液态条件下施加大压力成型的液锻工艺，尽管这种工艺被用于很多金属部件的加工制造，但目前在炉篦条的制备工艺中却一直没有采用本发明的这种在液态条件下施加大压力成型的液锻工艺。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：
1.本发明的炉篦条的制备方法，工艺流程短，生产效率高，制备得到的炉篦产品尺寸和机械性能稳定性好。
2.本发明的炉篦条炉篦条的制备方法，在生产过程中，没有像原来传统铸造的废砂产生，没有像原来传统铸造的打磨过程，灰尘少，生产环境友好。3.采用本发明制备方法制备的炉篦条，由于在液态炉料凝固过程中，通过装置持续加压，可基本实现炉篦条内部零缺陷，炉篦条的抗拉强度在700MPa以上，且延伸率率为15～20％，采用相同炉料配方而采用传统铸造方法制备的炉篦条，抗拉强度在400-600MPa之间，延伸率小于10％，内部存在大量孔洞等缺陷。本发明方法制备炉篦条机械力学性能远远优于传统铸造的炉篦条。
4.制备中所采用的模具，在其核心部位，采用耐热钢材质，并配合循环冷却水管，可确保模具材料在合理的温度范围内使用。
附图说明
图1实施例1模具的结构示意图
具体实施方式
实施例1
按以下步骤制备烧结台车用炉篦条，
(Ⅰ)将制造炉篦条所用的原材料，按成分配比后，熔化至液态，反复静置精炼除渣后，于1600℃出炉；
(Ⅱ)20秒内将上述液态炉料倒入模具中，5秒后，四柱液压机的主滑块与其合模，合模力350吨；模具结构如图1所示，由上模部件1和下模部件2组合而成，上模部件1通过第一活塞杆3与四柱液压机的补缩缸连接，下模部件2通过第二活塞杆4与四柱液压机的顶出缸连接；上模部件1与下模部件2通过连接杆、顶针连接，上模部件的中间位置是上模芯1-1，上模芯的正中是呈 倒锥形的分流锥1-1-1，与上模芯1-1完全位置对应的在下模部件2的中间位置是下模芯2-1，且在下模芯2-1的正中心开有料腔2-1-1，在上模部件1与下模部件2组装成模具时，料腔2-1-1与分流锥1-1-1偶合；在料腔2-1-1和分流锥1-1-1的外围布有冷却水管5，上模芯1-1和下模芯2-1的材质为耐热钢。
(Ⅲ)10秒后启动四柱液压机加压部件，对正在凝固的液态炉料施加300吨的压力；
(Ⅳ)保压10秒至液态炉料凝固后，开模并将料坯顶出；
(Ⅴ)冲切料坯，制得炉篦条产品。
炉篦条产品表面细密洁净，无氧化皮，置于金相显微镜下观察，可发现产品内部无任何缺陷，晶粒细密均匀，经力学性能检测，产品的抗拉强度为800MPa，延伸率为16％。采用相同炉料配方而采用传统铸造方法制备的炉篦条，抗拉强度在400～600MPa之间，延伸率小于10％，置于金相显微镜下观察发现这种炉篦条内部存在大量孔洞等缺陷。
实施例2
按以下步骤制备烧结台车用炉篦条，
(Ⅰ)将制造炉篦条所用的原材料，按成分配比后，熔化至液态，反复静置精炼除渣后，于1640℃出炉；
(Ⅱ)20秒内将上述液态炉料倒入模具中，使用实施例1相同的模具，5秒后，四柱液压机的主滑块与其合模，合模力250吨；模具结构如图1所示，
(Ⅲ)6秒后启动四柱液压机加压部件，对正在凝固的液态炉料施加350吨的压力；
(Ⅳ)保压15秒至液态炉料凝固后，开模并将料坯顶出；
(Ⅴ)冲切料坯，制得炉篦条产品。
炉篦条产品表面细密洁净，无氧化皮，置于金相显微镜下观察，可发现产品内部无任何缺陷，晶粒细密均匀，经力学性能检测，产品的抗拉强度为700MPa，延伸率为15％。
实施例3
按以下步骤制备烧结台车用炉篦条，
(Ⅰ)将制造炉篦条所用的原材料，按成分配比后，熔化至液态，反复静置精炼除渣后，于1650℃出炉；
(Ⅱ)20秒内将上述液态炉料倒入模具中，使用实施例1相同的模具，10秒后，四柱液压机的主滑块与其合模，合模力400吨；
(Ⅲ)10秒后启动四柱液压机加压部件，对正在凝固的液态炉料施加500吨的压力；
(Ⅳ)保压20秒至液态炉料凝固后，开模并将料坯顶出；
(Ⅴ)冲切料坯，制得炉篦条产品。
炉篦条产品表面细密洁净，无氧化皮，置于金相显微镜下观察，可发现产品内部无任何缺陷，晶粒细密均匀，经力学性能检测，产品的抗拉强度为900MPa，延伸率为20％。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法，其特征在于：将制备炉篦条所需的原材料配制炉料后，于高温将其熔化至液态，净化除渣后，在炉料是全液态条件下向其施加压力至炉料凝固得到料坯，最后冲切料坯。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的全液态条件下施加压力的步骤为，将液态炉料于1600～1650℃倒入模具中静置至少5秒后，通过施加压力的装置合模，保持200～400吨的合模压力，5～10秒后，再向液态炉料施加至少300吨的压力10～20秒至液态炉料凝固。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法，其特征在于：所采用的模具由上模部件和下模部件组合而成，上模部件通过第一活塞杆与施加压力装置的由上往下施加压力的部件连接，下模部件通过第二活塞杆与施加压力装置的由下往上施加压力的部件连接；上模部件与下模部件通过连接杆连接，上模部件的中间位置是上模芯，上模芯的正中是呈倒锥形的分流锥，与上模芯完全位置对应的在下模部件的中间位置是下模芯，且在下模芯的正中心开有料腔，在上模部件与下模部件组装成模具时，料腔与分流锥偶合；在料腔和分流锥的外围布有冷却水管，上模芯和下模芯的材质为耐热钢。
PCT/CN2019/076964 2019-01-08 2019-03-05 一种用于烧结机台车上的炉篦条的制备方法 WO2020143107A1 (zh)

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