CN113789469A - 激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末及其制备方法 - Google Patents

激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113789469A
CN113789469A CN202110909373.0A CN202110909373A CN113789469A CN 113789469 A CN113789469 A CN 113789469A CN 202110909373 A CN202110909373 A CN 202110909373A CN 113789469 A CN113789469 A CN 113789469A
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吴涛
潘洁
单立东
孔祥丽
周华
陆亚轩
谷凤龙
鄂涛
藏正超
安贺顺
黄智杰
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Hegang Industrial Technology Service Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末及其制备方法,所提供的的金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.02%~0.05%、Si 0.90%~1.20%、Mn 0.20%~0.30%、B 0.60%‑0.90%、Cr 13.0%~15.0%、Ni 4.0%~6.0%、Mo 2.0%~3.0%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质;制备过程包括感应熔炼、雾化制粉、粉末筛分和真空脱气封装工序。通过合理的成分设计及工艺控制,制备的金属粉末熔覆后具有良好抗磨损和抗腐蚀综合性能,熔覆层获得35‑45HRC的硬度。

Description

激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属粉末及其制备领域,尤其是涉及一种激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末及其制备方法。
背景技术
激光熔覆是在激光作用下将合金粉末或金属陶瓷粉末与基体表面迅速加热融化,与基体材料形成冶金结合,从而显著改善基体表面耐磨、耐蚀、耐热、抗氧化等特性的一种表面强化方法。它可以在廉价金属基材上制备出高性能的合金表面,对零件失效部位进行修复,能显著降低成本,节约贵重稀有金属材料。熔覆层与基材强度高,抗挤压耐磨性好,已成为新材料制备、金属零部件快速成型、失效金属零部件绿色再制造的重要手段之一。
连铸结晶器足辊,是安装在结晶器下方导引锭头进入,在凝固坯壳出结晶器后对铸坯提供支撑,以减少铸坯鼓肚和漏钢发生,也可减轻铸坯对结晶器铜板下口的磨损。连铸足辊工况环境恶劣,与高温铸坯接触的高温及摩擦,以及热水气冷却的腐蚀等,造成足辊磨损、腐蚀开裂及疲劳损伤等,长期以来一直存在足辊寿命短的问题,常常因足辊失效而提前下线,在线使用周期缩短,备件消耗高,维修工作量大。目前采用的修复工艺为堆焊,但面临着堆焊材料有限、堆焊工艺易导致足辊变形应力大等问题。
随着激光熔覆技术的日益成熟,激光熔覆技术在钢铁冶金领域得到不断发展和应用。目前,激光熔覆技术在钢铁冶金领域已获得成熟应用的如热轧线层冷辊、扁头套、轧机牌坊等。不断开发新的应用场景,研发新的粉末材料,采用激光熔覆工艺替代原来的堆焊等传统工艺,提高制件的耐磨、耐蚀、抗高温等性能,延长使用寿命,将为产线创造巨大的经济效益。
目前,金属粉末的主要制备方法是气雾化法,其基本原理是用高速气流将液态金属流破碎成小液滴并快速凝固成粉末的过程。由于气雾化法制备的粉末具有纯净度高、氧含量低、粉末粒度可控、生产成本低以及球形度高等优点,能够满足激光熔覆技术对于金属粉末性能的要求,已成为高性能及特种合金粉末制备技术的主要发展方向。存在的问题是与不同工况条件下新的应用场景匹配的粉末材料较少,同时存在制粉粉末收得率低、氧及其它杂质含量高等主要问题。
发明内容
针对上述存在的问题和不足,本发明提供了一种激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末及其制备方法。通过该方法制备的金属粉末激光熔覆加工后制件综合力学性能好,洛氏硬度35-45HRC,具有良好的抗冲击性能和耐腐蚀性能。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末,其化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.02%~0.05%、Si 0.90%~1.20%、Mn 0.20%~0.30%、B 0.60%~0.90%、Cr 13.0%~15.0%、Ni 4.0%~6.0%、Mo 2.0%~3.0%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本发明所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末,其球形度≥90%,粒度在50~150um之间呈正态分布。
一种激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其包括感应熔炼、雾化制粉、粉末筛分和真空脱气封装工序。
本发明所述感应熔炼的具体操作为:利用感应加热对金属粉末的原料组分进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度为1600℃-1700℃,原料完全熔化后,保温均匀化5-10分钟,得到液态合金熔体。
本发明所述雾化制粉的具体操作为:将感应熔炼所得液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,在高速惰性气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,被气体带入粉末收集装置。
本发明所述中间漏包温度控制在1100℃-1200℃。
本发明所述气体雾化炉中的雾化气体为为高纯氮气,气体压力3-5MPa 。
本发明所述粉末筛分的具体操作为:使用超声振动、气流分级方法对不同粒度的粉末进行配比。
本发明所述筛分分级所得粉末粒径为50um~150um。
本发明所述真空脱气封装工序的真空度为10-2Pa。
本发明的发明原理在于:本发明化学成分设计合理,采用超低C设计,降低熔覆残余内应力;添加一定量的Cr元素提高耐蚀性,尤其是局部点蚀性能,添加适量的Mo元素可提高钢的高温强度,改善材料的持久、蠕变性能等;通过添加适量的Ni元素提高材料的塑韧性,获得良好的加工性能。通过熔炼、雾化制得粉末;激光熔覆加工后制件综合力学性能好,洛氏硬度35-45HRC,具有良好的抗冲击性能和耐腐蚀性能。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明制备的马氏体不锈钢粉末杂质含量低,粒径分布均匀,粉末球形度高,平均球形度≥90%,粉末流动性好(≤12s/50g),松装密度高(≥3.8g/cm3)。
2、通过激光熔覆得到的成形件组织均匀、致密,耐磨性及耐腐蚀性好,力学性能优良,能够应用到连铸结晶器足辊等复杂工况条件下的部件修复。
3、本发明针对激光熔覆技术对粉末粒径的要求,通过筛分等方法,制备适用于激光熔覆技术的马氏体不锈钢粉末,并进行真空脱气包装处理,有效提高了马氏体不锈钢粉末的流动性。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.02%、Si 0.95%、Mn 0.23%、B 0.70%、Cr 14.5%、Ni 6.0%、Mo 2.6%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质进行熔炼。
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法如下:
(1)熔炼工序:利用感应加热对以下合金成分配比C 0.02%、Si 0.95%、Mn 0.23%、B0.70%、Cr 14.5%、Ni 6.0%、Mo 2.6%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度1700℃,原料完全熔化后,保温5分钟,得到液态合金熔体;
(2)雾化制粉:将步骤(1)制备的液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,中间漏包的温度为1200℃,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,气体雾化炉内的雾化气体为高纯氮气,雾化压力为4Mpa,在高纯氮气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,粉末降落在雾化冷却塔底部,被气体带入粉末收集装置;
(3)粉末筛分:将步骤(2)制得的马氏体不锈钢粉末进行筛分、分级,得到粒径为50um~150um的粉末;
(4)真空脱气:将步骤(3)分级得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末在10pa真空度下进行真空脱气,并封装。
本实例制备得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末平均粒径80um,球形度0.92,流动性12.8s/50g,松装密度3.91g/cm3;进行激光熔覆过程中粉末流动性好,表面光洁,无裂纹,组织均匀,洛氏硬度36HRC,盐雾试验表明耐腐蚀性良好。
实施例2
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.04%、Si 1.10%、Mn 0.30%、B 0.90%、Cr 13.0%、Ni 4.2%、Mo 3.0%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法如下:
(1)熔炼工序,利用感应加热对以下合金成分配比C 0.04%、Si 1.10%、Mn 0.30%、B0.90%、Cr 13.0%、Ni 4.2%、Mo 3.0%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度为1650℃,原料完全熔化后,保温6分钟;
(2)雾化制粉:将步骤(1)制备的液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,中间漏包的温度为1150℃,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,气体雾化炉内的雾化气体为高纯氮气,雾化压力为5Mpa,在高纯氮气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,粉末降落在雾化冷却塔底部,被气体带入粉末收集装置;
(3)粉末筛分:将步骤(2)制得的马氏体不锈钢粉末进行筛分、分级,得到粒径为50um~150um的粉末;
(4)真空脱气:将步骤(3)分级得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末在5pa真空度下进行真空脱气,并封装。
本实例制备得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末平均粒径86um,球形度0.91,流动性12.2s/50g,松装密度3.96g/cm3;进行激光熔覆过程中粉末流动性好,表面光洁,无裂纹,组织均匀,洛氏硬度42HRC,盐雾试验表明耐腐蚀性良好。
实施例3
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.05%、Si 1.20%、Mn 0.30%、B 0.62%、Cr 15.0%、Ni 6.0% 、Mo 2.0%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法如下:
(1)熔炼工序:利用感应加热对以下合金成分配比C 0.05%、Si 1.20%、Mn 0.30%、B0.62%、Cr 15.0%、Ni 6.0% 、Mo 2.0%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度为1600℃,原料完全熔化后,保温10分钟,得到液态合金熔体;
(2)雾化制粉:将步骤(1)制备的液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,中间漏包的温度为1120℃,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,气体雾化炉内的雾化气体为高纯氮气,雾化压力为3Mpa,在高纯氮气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,粉末降落在雾化冷却塔底部,被气体带入粉末收集装置;
(3)粉末筛分:将步骤(2)制得的马氏体不锈钢粉末进行筛分、分级,得到粒径为50um~150um的粉末;
(4)真空脱气:将步骤(3)分级得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末在2pa真空度下进行真空脱气,并封装。
本实例制备得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末平均粒径90um,球形度0.93,流动性12.0s/50g,松装密度3.93g/cm3;进行激光熔覆过程中粉末流动性好,表面光洁,无裂纹,组织均匀,洛氏硬度45HRC,盐雾试验表明耐腐蚀性良好。
实施例4
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.03%、Si 1.0%、Mn 0.25%、B 0.60%、Cr 13.5%、Ni 5.5% 、Mo 2.7%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法如下:
(1)熔炼工序:利用感应加热对以下合金成分配比C 0.03%、Si 1.0%、Mn 0.25%、B0.60%、Cr 13.5%、Ni 5.5% 、Mo 2.7%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度为1620℃,原料完全熔化后,保温8分钟,得到液态合金熔体;
(2)雾化制粉:将步骤(1)制备的液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,中间漏包的温度为1160℃,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,气体雾化炉内的雾化气体为高纯氮气,雾化压力为3Mpa,在高纯氮气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,粉末降落在雾化冷却塔底部,被气体带入粉末收集装置;
(3)粉末筛分:将步骤(2)制得的马氏体不锈钢粉末进行筛分、分级,得到粒径为50um~150um的粉末;
(4)真空脱气:将步骤(3)分级得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末在4pa真空度下进行真空脱气,并封装。
本实例制备得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末平均粒径88um,球形度0.95,流动性 11.8s/50g,松装密度3.94g/cm3;进行激光熔覆过程中粉末流动性好,表面光洁,无裂纹,组织均匀,洛氏硬度39HRC,盐雾试验表明耐腐蚀性良好。
实施例5
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.04%、Si 0.9%、Mn 0.20%、B 0.78%、Cr 14.8%、Ni 4.6% 、Mo 2.3%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法如下:
(1)熔炼工序:利用感应加热对以下合金成分配比C 0.04%、Si 0.9%、Mn 0.20%、B0.78%、Cr 14.8%、Ni 4.6% 、Mo 2.3%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度为1660℃,原料完全熔化后,保温7分钟,得到液态合金熔体;
(2)雾化制粉:将步骤(1)制备的液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,中间漏包的温度为1180℃,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,气体雾化炉内的雾化气体为高纯氮气,雾化压力为4Mpa,在高纯氮气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,粉末降落在雾化冷却塔底部,被气体带入粉末收集装置;
(3)粉末筛分:将步骤(2)制得的马氏体不锈钢粉末进行筛分、分级,得到粒径为50um~150um的粉末;
(4)真空脱气:将步骤(3)分级得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末在6pa真空度下进行真空脱气,并封装。
本实例制备得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末平均粒径84um,球形度0.93,流动性 13s/50g,松装密度3.93g/cm3;进行激光熔覆过程中粉末流动性好,表面光洁,无裂纹,组织均匀,洛氏硬度43HRC,盐雾试验表明耐腐蚀性良好。
实施例6
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.02%、Si 1.1%、Mn 0.22%、B 0.84%、Cr 14.0%、Ni 4.0% 、Mo 2.8%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
本实施例激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法如下:
(1)熔炼工序:利用感应加热对以下合金成分配比C 0.02%、Si 1.1%、Mn 0.22%、B0.84%、Cr 14.0%、Ni 4.0% 、Mo 2.8%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度为1680℃,原料完全熔化后,保温9分钟,得到液态合金熔体;
(2)雾化制粉:将步骤(1)制备的液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,中间漏包的温度为1140℃,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,气体雾化炉内的雾化气体为高纯氮气,雾化压力为5Mpa,在高纯氮气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,粉末降落在雾化冷却塔底部,被气体带入粉末收集装置;
(3)粉末筛分:将步骤(2)制得的马氏体不锈钢粉末进行筛分、分级,得到粒径为50um~150um的粉末;
(4)真空脱气:将步骤(3)分级得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末在8pa真空度下进行真空脱气,并封装。
本实例制备得到的马氏体不锈钢粉末平均粒径92um,球形度0.95,流动性 11s/50g,松装密度3.95g/cm3;进行激光熔覆过程中粉末流动性好,表面光洁,无裂纹,组织均匀,洛氏硬度35HRC,盐雾试验表明耐腐蚀性良好。

Claims (9)

1.一种激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末,其特征在于,所述金属粉末的化学成分组成及其质量百分含量为:C 0.02%~0.05%、Si 0.90%~1.20%、Mn 0.20%~0.30%、B0.60%~0.90%、Cr 13.0%~15.0%、Ni 4.0%~6.0%、Mo 2.0%~3.0%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
2.根据权利要求2所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末,其特征在于,所述金属粉末的球形度≥90%,粒度在50~150um之间呈正态分布。
3.一种激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括感应熔炼、雾化制粉、粉末筛分和真空脱气封装工序。
4.根据权利要求3所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述感应熔炼的具体操作为:利用感应加热对权利要求1所述金属粉末的原料组分进行感应加热熔炼,加热温度为1600℃-1700℃,原料完全熔化后,保温均匀化5-10分钟,得到液态合金熔体。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述雾化制粉的具体操作为:将感应熔炼所得液态合金熔体倒入中间漏包,经中间漏包底部的导流管自由向下流入气体雾化炉,在高速惰性气流的冲击作用下,液态合金熔体粉碎成微细液滴,冷却、凝固后得到马氏体不锈钢粉末,被气体带入粉末收集装置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中间漏包温度控制在1100℃-1200℃。
7.根据权利要求5所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述气体雾化炉中的雾化气体为为高纯氮气,气体压力3-5MPa 。
8.根据权利要求5所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粉末筛分所得粉末粒径为50um~150um。
9.根据权利要求3所述的激光熔覆修复连铸结晶器足辊用金属粉末的制备方法,其特征在于,所述真空脱气封装工序的真空度为10-2Pa。
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Application publication date: 20211214

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