WO2020140797A1 - 除水装置、除水系统以及除水方法 - Google Patents

除水装置、除水系统以及除水方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020140797A1
WO2020140797A1 PCT/CN2019/127994 CN2019127994W WO2020140797A1 WO 2020140797 A1 WO2020140797 A1 WO 2020140797A1 CN 2019127994 W CN2019127994 W CN 2019127994W WO 2020140797 A1 WO2020140797 A1 WO 2020140797A1
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Prior art keywords
heating
water
control
layer
amount
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PCT/CN2019/127994
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郑彪
杨光磊
李虎
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京东方科技集团股份有限公司
合肥京东方光电科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2020140797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140797A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of outdoor device manufacturing, in particular, to a water removal device, a water removal system, and a water removal method.
  • the application proposes a water removal device.
  • the water removal device includes: a detection unit configured to detect the amount of water and issue a control instruction; and a heating unit configured to receive the control instruction and according to The control instruction performs heating. Therefore, the water removal device can intelligently heat the water removal according to the amount of water, and the water removal is relatively rapid, and the water removal effect is good.
  • the detection unit includes a water volume sensing layer and a control component
  • the water volume sensing layer is configured to contact the outside world to detect the water volume, and send the reflected water volume to the control component Signal
  • the control component is configured to receive the signal reflecting the amount of water and issue the control instruction.
  • the water quantity sensing layer can intelligently detect the amount of water, and send a signal reflecting the water quantity to the control module, so that the control module sends a control command for removing water to the heating unit according to the signal reflecting the water quantity.
  • the water quantity sensing layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer that are oppositely arranged and insulated from each other, and the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged in parallel along a first direction
  • the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes arranged in parallel along a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction cross.
  • the control component can calculate the amount of water falling on the surface of the water volume sensing layer by detecting the change in the capacitance value, so that the control component sends corresponding control commands to the heating unit, so that the water can be flexibly and intelligently removed.
  • the control component may determine the amount of water according to a change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and issue the water to the heating unit according to the amount of water Control instruction.
  • the control component can calculate the amount of water falling on the surface of the water volume sensing layer by detecting the change in the capacitance value, so that the control component sends corresponding control commands to the heating unit, so that the water can be flexibly and intelligently removed.
  • the heating unit includes a heating layer, and the heating layer includes a heating resistor.
  • the heating layer can quickly and uniformly perform heating and water removal, and is relatively energy-saving.
  • the heating layer includes a plurality of the heating resistors. Therefore, the control module can control the heating layer to heat with different heating power simply by controlling the total resistance value of the electrically connected heating resistors, which can quickly remove water and save energy.
  • the heating unit includes a heating layer, the heating layer includes a heating resistor, the control component includes a driving circuit, and the control component may use the driving circuit to control the application of the driving circuit based on the amount of water State the voltage across the heating resistor.
  • the heating layer can quickly and uniformly perform heating and water removal; the control component can easily and intelligently heat and remove water according to the amount of water by controlling the voltage applied to the heating resistor, which can quickly remove water and compare save energy.
  • the heating unit includes a heating layer, the heating layer includes a plurality of heating resistors, the control component includes a driving circuit, and the control component may use the driving circuit to control and The total resistance value connected to the driving circuit. Therefore, the control module can control the heating layer to heat with different heating power simply by controlling the total resistance value of the electrically connected heating resistors, which can quickly remove water and save energy.
  • the thickness of the heating layer is 0.1-0.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the heating layer is small, and it does not significantly affect the appearance and structure of the outdoor device using the water removal device.
  • the light transmittance of the heating layer is not less than 85%. Therefore, the heating layer is transparent, and when the water removal device is applied to the surface of the water removal system, it will not affect the reflection, light transmission and display performance of the water removal system. Therefore, the water removal device is widely used. And the performance is good.
  • the light transmittance of the water volume sensing layer is not less than 85%. Therefore, the water volume sensing layer is transparent, and when the water removal device is applied to the surface of the water removal system, it will not affect the reflection, light transmission and display performance of the water removal system. Therefore, the application of the water removal device is more Extensive, and good performance.
  • the application proposes a water removal system.
  • the water removal system includes a main body; and the water removal device described in any one of the foregoing. Therefore, the water removal system has all the features and advantages of the water removal device described in any one of the foregoing, which will not be repeated here.
  • the water removal system can flexibly and intelligently perform heating and water removal, and its outdoor use performance is good.
  • the detection unit of the water removal device includes a water volume sensing layer and a control assembly
  • the heating unit of the water removal device includes a heating layer
  • the heating layer and the water volume sensing layer are layered on On the outer surface of the main body, and the heating layer is disposed near the main body.
  • the main body includes an automobile rearview mirror, an automobile windshield, a glass curtain wall, or an outdoor display. Therefore, the application range of the water removal device described above is wide, and the outdoor use performance of the water removal system is good.
  • the application proposes a water removal method using a water removal device.
  • the method includes: the detection unit detects the amount of water and issues a control instruction to the heating unit; the heating unit receives the control instruction and performs heating according to the control instruction to remove the water removal device Surface water. Therefore, this method can intelligently heat and remove water according to the amount of water, and the water removal is relatively rapid and the water removal effect is good.
  • the detection unit includes a water volume sensing layer and a control assembly.
  • the water volume sensing layer is configured to contact the outside world to detect the water volume.
  • the water volume sensing layer includes a relative setting and A first electrode layer and a second electrode layer insulated from each other, the first electrode layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged in parallel along a first direction, and the second electrode layer includes a plurality of parallel arranged in parallel along a second direction A second sub-electrode, wherein the first direction and the second direction intersect, the detection unit detects the amount of water, and issues a control instruction to the heating unit, further comprising: the control component according to the first electrode layer and the The change in the capacitance between the second electrode layers determines the amount of water, and issues the control command to the heating unit according to the amount of water. Therefore, the method can quickly and accurately determine the amount of water according to the change in capacitance value, and issue corresponding control commands, so that the heating layer can flexibly and intelligently
  • the heating unit includes a heating layer
  • the heating layer includes a heating resistor
  • the control component includes a driving circuit
  • the issuing of the control instruction to the heating unit according to the amount of water further includes:
  • the driving circuit controls the voltage applied to the heating resistor based on the amount of water. Therefore, by simply controlling the voltage applied to the heating resistor, the heating dewatering rate of the metal heat-conducting film can be easily controlled, which is beneficial to select an appropriate voltage or select an appropriate heating resistor for heating according to the amount of water. Conducive to energy saving.
  • M crossing sites are formed between the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer
  • the change in the capacitance value between them determines the amount of water
  • issuing the control instruction to the heating unit according to the amount of water further includes: separately measuring the capacitance values at the M crossing points, and determining that the capacitance value occurs The number N of the changed cross-sites; based on the size of the number N of the cross-sites where the capacitance value changes, the control component issues different control commands to apply a voltage to the heating resistor, The greater the number N of the crossing sites where the capacitance value changes, the greater the voltage that the driving circuit applies to the heating resistor.
  • the heating layer can quickly Water is removed by heating; when the number of crossing sites where the capacitance value changes is small, the heating layer can quickly heat and remove water at a lower voltage, which saves energy.
  • the method further includes: the control component calculating the number of the crossing sites where the capacitance value has changed The ratio n of N and M; based on the size of the ratio n, the control component issues different control commands, the greater the ratio n, the more the voltage applied to the heating resistor corresponding to the control command Big.
  • the heating layer can quickly heat and remove water at a large voltage; when the proportion of the cross-sites where the capacitance value changes is small, the heating layer can be quickly under a small voltage Heating to remove water saves energy.
  • the control component issuing different control instructions based on the size of the ratio n further includes: when the range of the ratio n is 0% ⁇ n ⁇ 20%, the control component does not Issue the control command; when the range of the ratio n is 20% ⁇ n ⁇ 50%, the control component issues a first control command to control the voltage applied to the heating layer to be the first voltage V 1 ; When the range of the ratio n is 50% ⁇ n ⁇ 80%, the control component issues a second control command to control the voltage applied to the heating layer to be the second voltage V 2 ; the range of the ratio n is 80% ⁇ When n ⁇ 100%, the control component issues a third control command to control the voltage applied to the heating layer to be the third voltage V 3 , where V 3 >V 2 >V 1 . Therefore, it is possible to flexibly and intelligently select whether to perform heating and dewatering according to the amount of water, and the voltage level of heating and dewatering, which not only can intelligently and quickly heat and remove water, but also save energy.
  • the heating unit includes a heating layer, the heating layer includes a plurality of heating resistors, the control assembly includes a driving circuit, and the issuing of the control instruction to the heating unit according to the amount of water further
  • the method includes: using the driving circuit to control the total resistance value connected to the driving circuit based on the amount of water. Therefore, by simply controlling the total resistance value of the heating resistor electrically connected to the driving circuit, the heating water removal rate of the metal heat-conducting film can be easily controlled, and thus it is advantageous to select an appropriate voltage or select an appropriate one according to the amount of water
  • the heating resistance of the heating is conducive to energy saving and power saving.
  • M crossing sites are formed between the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes, and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer
  • the change in the capacitance value between them determines the amount of water
  • issuing the control instruction to the heating unit according to the amount of water further includes: separately measuring the capacitance values at the M crossing points, and determining that the capacitance value occurs
  • the number N of the changed cross-sites is changed; based on the size of the number N of the cross-sites where the capacitance value changes, the control component issues different control commands to control the connection to the drive circuit
  • the heating layer can be under a large resistance value Quickly heat and remove water; when the number of crossing sites where the capacitance value changes is small, the heating layer can quickly heat and remove water under a small resistance value, which saves energy.
  • the method further includes: the control component calculating the number of the crossing sites where the capacitance value has changed The ratio n of N and M; based on the size of the ratio n, the control component issues different control commands.
  • the greater the ratio n the greater the total resistance value connected to the drive circuit.
  • the heating layer can quickly heat and remove water at a large resistance value; when the proportion of changing cross-sites with a capacitance value is small, the heating layer is under a small resistance value You can quickly heat and remove water, which saves energy.
  • the control component issuing different control instructions based on the size of the ratio n further includes: when the range of the ratio n is 0% ⁇ n ⁇ 20%, the control component does not Issue the control command; when the range of the ratio n is 20% ⁇ n ⁇ 50%, the control component issues a first control command to control the total resistance of the heating resistor connected to the drive circuit to A heating resistance value R 1 ; when the range of the ratio n is 50% ⁇ n ⁇ 80%, the control component issues a second control command to control the total resistance value of the heating resistance connected to the driving circuit The second heating resistance value R 2 ; when the range of the ratio n is 80% ⁇ n ⁇ 100%, the control component issues a third control command to control the total resistance value of the heating resistance connected to the driving circuit It is the third heating resistance value R 3 , where R 3 >R 2 >R 1 . Therefore, it is possible to flexibly and intelligently select whether to perform heating and water removal according to the amount of water, and the total resistance value of the heating and water removal
  • the determining the number N of the crossing sites where the capacitance value changes further includes: the control component performs, at regular intervals, the capacitance values at the M crossing sites Measure and compare the capacitance value at the intersection site in the previous measurement to determine the number N of the intersection site where the capacitance value changes.
  • the control component can monitor the water volume on the surface of the water volume sensing layer in real time, and perform heating and water removal according to the water volume.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a water removal device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a water volume sensing layer according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a water volume sensing layer according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of module distribution of a detection unit according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 shows a partial structural diagram of a water removal device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 shows a partial structural diagram of a water removal device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 shows a partial structural diagram of a water removal system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial structural diagram of a water removal system according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a water removal system according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flow chart of a water removal method using a water removal device according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of a water removal method using a water removal device according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 shows a flow chart of a water removal method using a water removal device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of a water removal method using a water removal device according to yet another embodiment of the present application.
  • 1000 detection unit; 2000: heating unit; 100: water sensing layer; 110: first electrode layer; 10: first sub-electrode; 120: second electrode layer; 20: second sub-electrode; 30: intersection site ; 200: heating layer; 300: anti-fingerprint film layer; 400: main body; 410: mirror layer; 420: silver-plated layer.
  • the application proposes a water removal device.
  • the water removal device includes a detection unit 1000 and a heating unit 2000.
  • the detection unit 1000 can detect the amount of water and issue a control command.
  • the heating unit 2000 can receive the control command and according to the Control instructions for heating. Therefore, the water removal device can intelligently heat the water removal according to the amount of water, and the water removal is relatively rapid, and the water removal effect is good.
  • the current outdoor water removal devices generally have the problems of complicated mechanical structure and inability to flexibly and intelligently remove water according to the amount of water.
  • the current water removal devices used in automobile rearview mirrors and front windshields, etc. usually wipe off the rainwater on the surface of the rearview mirror through mechanical structures such as wipers and air ducts.
  • Such mechanical water removal methods not only have general effects, And the structure is more complicated, which increases the structural complexity of the vehicle.
  • current outdoor water removal devices cannot flexibly and intelligently remove water according to the amount of water and the size of rainwater coverage, which is not conducive to energy conservation and the automation and intelligence of outdoor devices.
  • the amount of water can be intelligently detected by the detection unit, and a corresponding control signal can be sent to the heating unit.
  • the heating unit can receive the control signal and intelligently heat the water according to the control signal.
  • the structure of the heating unit is relatively simple, and the heating and dewatering are relatively rapid and thorough. Therefore, the dewatering device according to the embodiment of the present application has a simple structure and good dewatering effect.
  • the water removal device when used, it can be directly attached to the surface of the main body such as a rearview mirror, an outdoor display screen, etc., and can be simply subjected to heating and water removal according to the detected water amount.
  • the “water removal device” in the present application can heat and remove rainwater, snow water, fog, etc. on the surface of the outdoor device, and is widely used.
  • the detection unit may include a water volume sensing layer and a control component, the water volume sensing layer is in contact with the outside world to detect the water volume and send a signal reflecting the water volume to the control component, and the control component may receive the reflection The signal of water quantity, and send the control instruction of water removal to the heating unit. That is to say, when the water removal device is in use, the water amount sensing layer can be attached to the outer surface of the outdoor device, and then the amount of water can be easily detected, so that the control module controls the heating unit to intelligently heat the water removal.
  • the specific structure of the water quantity sensing layer is not particularly limited, as long as it can sense the number of water droplets falling on its surface and the coverage area of the water droplets, and send a signal reflecting the water quantity to the control component.
  • the water volume sensing layer 100 may include a first electrode layer 110 and a second electrode layer 120 that are oppositely arranged.
  • the electrode layer 110 may include a plurality of first sub-electrodes 10 arranged in parallel along a first direction (refer to the direction A shown in FIG.
  • the second electrode layer 120 may include a plurality of along the second direction (refer to the direction shown in FIG. 2). (B direction shown) second sub-electrodes 20 arranged in parallel. Specifically, the first direction and the second direction may cross, for example, the first direction and the second direction may be perpendicular. Specifically, there is a deformable space between the first electrode layer 110 and the second electrode layer 120.
  • the control component can calculate the amount of water that falls on the surface of the water amount sensing layer 100 by detecting the change in capacitance, and can The unit sends out corresponding control instructions, so that the water can be removed flexibly and intelligently.
  • the heating unit can be heated with different heating powers. For example, when the amount of water is small, the heating power of the heating unit can be small; For a long time, the heating power of the heating unit can be large, thereby not only heating and removing water quickly, but also reducing energy consumption.
  • the heating unit can also intelligently perform local heating, that is, heating in a place where water droplets are dropped, and heating is not performed in a place without water droplets. Therefore, heating and water removal can be performed more accurately, and the energy consumption can be further reduced.
  • the shapes and arrangement densities of the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can design as needed, for example, referring to FIG. 2, the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode
  • the electrode 20 may be a strip-shaped electrode; referring to FIG.
  • the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 may be electrodes with a special-shaped design, for example, the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 may be a plurality of diamond-shaped blocks
  • the edge of the sub-electrode may also be arc-shaped, for example, may have a wavy line shape.
  • the water volume sensing layer may be attached to the surface of the outdoor device.
  • the water quantity sensing layer may be formed of a transparent material, for example, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may be formed of a transparent metal (such as indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, etc.). Therefore, the water quantity sensing layer can not only detect the amount of water on the surface of the outdoor device and emit a signal reflecting the amount of water (that is, a signal that the capacitance value changes), but also not affect the performance of the outdoor device itself.
  • intersection sites 30 there are multiple intersection sites 30 between the plurality of first sub-electrodes 10 and the plurality of second sub-electrodes 20. It should be noted that between the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 There is a certain spatial distance (that is, the deformable space described above), however, the projections of the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 on the paper shown in FIG. 4 have overlapping portions, which overlap The deformable space corresponding to the part is the aforementioned intersection 30.
  • the control component can detect the change in capacitance between the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 at the corresponding positions of the plurality of crossing sites 30, and thus can easily determine the amount of water.
  • a coupling capacitance will be formed between the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 at the intersection 30. Therefore, the intersection The capacitance at the site 30 will change. Therefore, by detecting the change in the capacitance at the cross site 30, the water volume information on the surface of the water volume sensing layer can be easily obtained.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of first sub-electrodes 10 is relatively close, and the arrangement of the plurality of second sub-electrodes 20 is also relatively close. Therefore, the intersection site 30 on the water volume sensing layer The arrangement is also very close. Therefore, when the water drop falls on the surface of the water quantity sensing layer, it can cover several intersection sites 30, and the more the number of water drops, the more the intersection site 30 is covered. Therefore, by detecting the number of crossing sites 30 where the capacitance changes, the amount of water on the surface of the water amount sensing layer can be easily determined.
  • the water volume sensing layer with this structure can better detect the amount of water on its surface and the area covered by water droplets, and send a signal reflecting the water volume to the control component, and the subsequent control component can issue a corresponding signal according to the signal reflecting the water volume.
  • Control instructions and control the heating unit to intelligently heat and remove water.
  • the heating unit may be heated with different heating powers, for example, when the amount of water is small (ie, the capacitance value is detected to change When the number of crossing sites is small), the heating power of the heating unit can be small; when the amount of water is large (that is, when the number of crossing sites where a change in capacitance value is detected is large), the heating power of the heating unit can be large, As a result, not only can the water be rapidly removed, but energy consumption can also be reduced.
  • the heating unit can also intelligently perform local heating, that is, heating in a place where water droplets are dropped, and not heating in a place where there is no water droplets, for example .
  • local heating that is, heating in a place where water droplets are dropped, and not heating in a place where there is no water droplets, for example .
  • the intersection point where the capacitance value changes can be heated, and the intersection point where the capacitance value does not change is not heated, thereby, heating and water removal can be performed more accurately, and the energy consumption can be further reduced.
  • the specific type of the control component is not particularly limited, as long as it can receive the signal reflecting the amount of water (such as a signal that the capacitance value changes) sent by the water amount sensing layer, and can be heated according to the signal reflecting the amount of water
  • the unit can issue the corresponding control instructions. Specifically, referring to FIG.
  • the control component may include a sensor chip (Touch IC) and a micro processing unit (MCU), the sensor chip is electrically connected to the plurality of first sub-electrodes 10 and the plurality of second sub-electrodes 20, and may A change in the capacitance value between the first sub-electrode 10 and the second sub-electrode 20 at the corresponding positions of the multiple intersection sites 30 is detected.
  • the sensor chip may send the detected information of the change in capacitance value to the micro-processing unit, and the micro-processing unit may control the heating unit to heat and remove water according to the information on the change in capacitance value.
  • the micro-processing unit can control the heating unit to use different heating powers for heating according to the information on the change in capacitance value.
  • the micro-processing unit may further include a driving circuit.
  • the foregoing micro-processing unit may use the driving circuit to control the heating unit to perform heating with different heating powers.
  • the driving circuit may be used to control the voltage applied to the heating resistor. Voltage, or control the size of the total resistance connected to the drive circuit, so that the heating unit can be easily controlled to heat with different heating power.
  • the sensor chip can scan and detect the water sensor layer at intervals, that is, measure the capacitance values at multiple crossing sites, and compare the crossing sites during the previous measurement by comparing The capacitance value at the position can be judged whether the capacitance value at the cross site 30 has changed; and, the sensor chip can calculate the ratio of the number N of the cross site 30 where the capacitance value changes to the total number M of the cross site n, and according to the size of the ratio n, determine the amount of water covered on the surface of the water sensor layer and the amount of water.
  • the micro control unit may set different heating gears according to the size of the ratio n, so as to issue different control commands to the heating layer according to the amount of water, and control the heating layer to heat at different powers.
  • the sensor chip detects the cross point where the capacitance value changes, it can also send the position of the specific cross point where the capacitance value changes to the micro-processing unit, and the micro-processing unit can send a control signal to the heating unit, The heating unit is controlled to heat and remove water only at the intersection where the capacitance value changes.
  • the detection unit can intelligently detect the amount of water, and can flexibly issue different control commands according to the amount of water to control the heating layer to heat and remove water at different heating rates. Therefore, the water removal device is not only simple in structure , Flexible and intelligent water removal, and energy saving.
  • the specific type of the heating unit is not particularly limited, as long as it can heat and remove water relatively quickly according to the control command issued by the detection unit.
  • the heating unit may include a heating layer; specifically, the heating layer may include a heating resistor, for example, the heating layer may be a metal thermal conductive film made of a metal wire, and the metal thermal conductive film is equivalent to a heating resistor, under the condition of energization The heating resistor can quickly generate heat to heat and remove water.
  • the heating layer may include one or more heating resistors.
  • the heating layer may include a metal thermal conductive film, which may be connected to the driving circuit as a heating resistor in the circuit, When the drive circuit applies a voltage to the metal thermally conductive film, water is removed by heat generation.
  • the heating layer may also include a plurality of heat-insulating metals insulated from each other, that is to say, the heating layer may include a plurality of heating resistors.
  • the resistance values of the multiple heating resistors may be the same or different.
  • the drive circuit described above may control the total resistance value of the multiple heating resistors electrically connected to the drive circuit through components such as control switches in the circuit. The larger the total resistance value, the more heat the resistor emits.
  • the driving circuit can be used to control the magnitude of the voltage applied to the heating resistor, and then the The heating layer is heated with different heating powers; when the heating layer includes multiple heating resistors, the number of heating resistors electrically connected to the driving circuit can also be controlled, or when the resistance values of the multiple heating resistors are different, it can be The resistance value of the heating resistor connected to the driving circuit is controlled so that the heating layer is heated with different heating powers.
  • the control component may issue a corresponding control command to control the electrical connection between the heating power source and the corresponding heating resistor in the metal thermal conductive film to perform heating, for example, when a detected
  • the heating power supply can switch on the heating resistor with a large resistance value in the metal thermal conductive film to quickly heat and remove water; when the detected amount of water is small, the heating power supply can switch on the resistance value in the metal thermal conductive film
  • the smaller heating resistance can not only heat and remove water quickly, but also save energy.
  • the heating layer may further include two insulating films.
  • the above-mentioned metal thermal conductive film may be disposed between the two insulating films and encapsulated.
  • the heating layer is relatively soft and can be attached to The surface of the outdoor device of the water removal device, etc., has a simple structure and a wide range of use; specifically, it can be attached using pressure-sensitive adhesive, and more specifically, it can be attached using transparent pressure-sensitive adhesive;
  • the The heating layer is easy to use, for example, applying voltage to the metal thermal conductive film, the heating layer can be heated to remove water, and, as mentioned above, according to the amount of water detected, the control component can control the voltage applied to the heating layer The size, or the total resistance value of the heating resistor that is electrically connected to the drive circuit, to easily control the heating power, use intelligent and relatively energy-saving;
  • the metal heat conduction film is planar heating, high thermal efficiency, relatively energy-saving Power saving, small thermal inertia, and rapid temperature
  • the heating layer may be formed of a transparent material or an opaque material.
  • the heating layer may also be formed of a transparent material, for example, the heating layer It may include a transparent metal thermal conductive film sandwiched between two transparent films.
  • the transparent film may be a polyimide (PI) film or the like.
  • the thickness of the heating layer may be 0.1-0.5 mm, for example, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.45 mm, or the like.
  • a special metal foil is made into various resistance circuits, and then an electric heating element formed between two layers of insulating polyimide films is sealed.
  • the thickness of the heating layer is small, and the appearance and structure of the outdoor device using the water removing device are not significantly affected, and the heating effect is good.
  • the heating layer 200 and the water amount sensing layer 100 may be stacked, and the light transmittance of the heating layer 200 and the water amount sensing layer 100 are not less than 85%.
  • the heating layer 200 is disposed close to the water quantity sensing layer 100, that is, the distance between the heating layer 200 and the water droplets is relatively short, so that the water can be quickly heated to remove water; and the heating layer 200 and the water quantity sensing layer 100 are both transparent It does not affect the performance of the outdoor device, such as light transmission performance, light reflection performance, display performance, etc. Therefore, the structure of the outdoor device is relatively simple and the outdoor performance is good.
  • the water removal device may further include an anti-fingerprint film layer 300 (ASF).
  • the anti-fingerprint film layer 300 is disposed on a side of the water amount sensing layer 100 away from the heating layer 200.
  • the anti-fingerprint film layer 300 can form a stable structure with super-hydrophobic properties, which can greatly reduce the surface tension of the surface of the water sensor layer 100, dirt, etc. are difficult to adhere to the surface of the water sensor layer 100 and are dirty
  • the dirt is easy to erase, which can improve the anti-fouling ability of the water removal device, and the anti-fingerprint film layer also has high wear resistance, which can improve the wear resistance of the water removal device and further improve the water removal device Performance.
  • the specific material and the like for forming the anti-fingerprint film layer 300 are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can set it as needed.
  • the thickness of the anti-fingerprint film layer 300 may be small, and does not affect the water amount sensing layer 100 to detect water droplets falling on the surface of the water removal device.
  • the preparation method of the anti-fingerprint film layer 300 is not particularly limited.
  • the anti-fingerprint film layer 300 may be formed on the surface of the water amount sensing layer 100 away from the heating layer 200 by spraying or distillation.
  • the application proposes a water removal system.
  • the water removal system includes a main body and the water removal device described above. Therefore, the water removal system has all the features and advantages of the water removal device described in any one of the foregoing, which will not be repeated here.
  • the water removal system can flexibly and intelligently perform heating and water removal, and its outdoor use performance is good.
  • the specific type of the main body is not particularly limited, as long as it is a device used outdoors, and it is necessary to remove rainwater on the surface of the device in rain and snow.
  • the main body may include a car rearview mirror, a car windshield, a glass curtain wall, or an outdoor display. Therefore, the application range of the aforementioned water removal device is wide, and the outdoor use performance of the water removal system is good.
  • the detection unit of the water removal device may include a water quantity sensing layer and a control component, and the heating unit may include a heating layer.
  • the heating layer 200 and the water quantity sensing layer 100 may be disposed outside the main body 400 On the surface (refer to the "outer" direction shown in the figure), and the heating layer 200 is disposed close to the outer surface of the body 400.
  • the effects of intelligently detecting the amount of water and heating and removing water can be achieved.
  • the structure of the water removal system is simple, and Good outdoor performance.
  • the heating layer and the water amount sensing layer of the water removal device can be Both are transparent, so that the heating layer and the water volume sensing layer do not affect the performance of the water removal system, and the structure of the water removal system is relatively simple, and the outdoor performance is good.
  • the water removal system may be an automobile rearview mirror, and the main body 400 may be a rearview mirror main body.
  • the water removal device may include sequentially disposed outside the main body 400 (“ “Outside” refers to the heating layer 200 and the water amount sensing layer 100 in the "outside” direction shown in the figure.
  • the main body 400 includes a mirror layer 410 and a silver plated layer 420, where the mirror layer 410 is disposed near the heating layer 200.
  • the total thickness of the layer and the silver-plated layer is usually about 10mm.
  • the heating device provided on the back of the rearview mirror needs to heat rainwater and the like on the surface of the mirror layer through the rearview mirror of about 10mm. The effect is poor.
  • the heating layer 200 is disposed on the side of the mirror layer 410 away from the silver plating layer 420, that is, the heating layer 200 is disposed on the outside of the main body 400, and the heating layer 200 and There is only a thin water volume sensing layer 100 between raindrops. Therefore, the distance between the heating layer 200 and the water droplets is very close. Therefore, the heating layer 200 can heat and remove water very quickly, and the water removal efficiency is high.
  • the heating layer 200 may be formed of a transparent material, and does not affect the reflective performance of the rearview mirror.
  • the water volume sensing layer 100 may be the water volume sensing layer described above, and thus, the water volume sensing layer 100 has all the features and advantages of the water volume sensing layer described above. This will not be repeated here.
  • the water amount sensing layer 100 may include a first electrode layer 110 and a second electrode layer 120 that are oppositely disposed.
  • the first electrode layer 110 may include a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged in parallel in the first direction
  • the second electrode layer 120 may include a plurality of second sub-electrodes (not shown in the figure) arranged in parallel in the second direction.
  • the first electrode layer 110 and the second electrode layer 120 may be formed of a transparent metal (for example, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, etc.).
  • the first direction and the second direction may cross, for example, the first direction and the second direction may be perpendicular.
  • the heating layer 200 may be the aforementioned heating layer, and thus, the heating layer 200 has all the features and advantages of the aforementioned heating layer, which will not be repeated here.
  • the heating layer 200 may be formed of a transparent metal conductive film, and the thickness of the heating layer 200 may be 0.1-0.5 mm.
  • the water removal system according to the embodiment of the present application can flexibly and intelligently perform heating and water removal, and the water removal speed is faster, the efficiency is higher, and its outdoor use performance is good.
  • the application proposes a water removal method using a water removal device.
  • the method can use the aforementioned water removal device to remove water. Therefore, the water removal method has all the features and advantages of the aforementioned water removal device, which will not be repeated here.
  • this method can intelligently heat and remove water according to the amount of water, and the water removal is faster and the water removal effect is good.
  • the method includes:
  • the detection unit detects the amount of water and issues a control command to the heating unit
  • the detection unit detects the amount of water and issues a control command to the heating unit.
  • the detection unit may be the aforementioned detection unit. Therefore, the detection unit has all the features and advantages of the aforementioned detection unit, which will not be repeated here.
  • the detection unit may include a water volume sensing layer and a control component.
  • the water volume sensing layer is in contact with the outside world to detect the water volume.
  • the water volume sensing layer includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer disposed oppositely.
  • the layer includes a plurality of first sub-electrodes arranged in parallel along the first direction
  • the second electrode layer includes a plurality of second sub-electrodes arranged in parallel along the second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction cross, for example, the first direction It can be perpendicular to the second direction. Therefore, as mentioned above, the control component can determine the amount of water on the surface of the water sensing layer by detecting the change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and issue corresponding control commands according to the amount of water , And control the heating unit to heat and remove water.
  • the heating unit may be the aforementioned heating unit.
  • the heating unit has all the features and advantages of the aforementioned heating unit, which will not be repeated here.
  • the heating unit may include a heating layer, and the heating layer may include a heating resistor, and the heating resistor may be a metal thermal conductive film formed of a metal wire, and the heating layer may include one or more heating resistors.
  • the heating layer can be controlled to heat with different heating powers. Therefore, the heating unit is beneficial to flexibly and intelligently perform heating with different heating voltages or different heating resistances according to the amount of water.
  • the method may further include:
  • the control component detects the change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • a coupling capacitance is formed between the water drop and the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, thus bringing a negative mode
  • the digital converter (ADC) senses the quantity, so the control component can detect the change in capacitance.
  • the control component may include a sensor chip and a micro-processing unit. The sensor chip is electrically connected to the first electrode layer, and the sensor chip is electrically connected to the second electrode layer. Therefore, the sensor chip can detect the aforementioned The capacitance value between the one electrode layer and the second electrode layer changes.
  • the sensor chip may periodically scan the water volume sensing layer at regular intervals, that is, detect the change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer at regular intervals.
  • the control component can monitor the water volume on the surface of the water volume sensing layer in real time, and perform heating and water removal according to the water volume.
  • the amount of water on the surface of the water amount sensing layer is determined according to the change in the capacitance value described in the previous step.
  • the sensor chip can determine whether there is water drop on the surface of the water sensor layer by detecting whether the capacitance value between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer changes. Thus, this method can easily detect the amount of water.
  • the “water volume” determined according to the change in capacitance value in this step is determined indirectly, that is to say, by detecting the change in capacitance value at the crossover point in the following step, the crossover position in which the capacitance value changes can be determined
  • the micro-processing unit issues a control instruction to control the heating unit to intelligently heat and remove water.
  • the micro-processing unit may control the heating layer to heat with a higher heating power, for example, a driving circuit may be used to control the heating layer.
  • the micro-processing unit can control the heating unit to heat with a lower heating power. Therefore, the method can flexibly and intelligently select different heating powers for heating according to the amount of water, which can not only remove water quickly, but also save energy.
  • intersection sites may be formed between the plurality of first sub-electrodes and the plurality of second sub-electrodes.
  • the intersection site may be the aforementioned intersection site, so This cross-site has all the features of the cross-site mentioned above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the aforementioned determination of the amount of water according to the change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and issuing a control command to the heating unit according to the amount of water may further include:
  • control component detects the change in the capacitance value between the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode at the intersection site, and determines the number N of the intersection sites where the capacitance value changes.
  • a coupling capacitance is formed between the water drop and the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode at the intersection site, so Bring a negative analog-to-digital converter (ADC) induction, so the sensor chip can detect changes in capacitance.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the sensor chip detects the capacitance value at the intersection site relative to the initial state of the intersection site (the initial state can be a state without water droplets, or it can be the last time the sensor chip detects the intersection site State), the capacitance value has changed, and the amount of capacitance change exceeds a certain threshold (that is, the amount of capacitance change is not less than the capacitance value of the coupling capacitor formed by the water drop at the intersection site), you can prove the intersection site There are water droplets everywhere, and the intersection point can be used as the intersection point where the capacitance value changes.
  • the crossing sites on the water volume sensing layer are arranged very closely, when the water drop falls on the surface of the water volume sensing layer, several crossing sites can be covered, and the more the number of water drops, the covered The greater the number N of crossing sites. Therefore, by detecting the number N of crossing sites where the capacitance changes, the amount of water on the surface of the water amount sensing layer can be easily determined. For example, if the number N of crossing sites where the capacitance value changes is large, it indicates that the area of the surface of the water volume sensing layer covered by water drops is large, that is, the amount of water is large.
  • this method can easily detect the amount of water on the surface of the water volume sensing layer, that is, the amount of water can be judged only by detecting whether the capacitance value at the crossing site has changed and determining the number N of the crossing site where the capacitance value has changed. It does not require a complicated calculation process to calculate how the capacitance value changes and the specific capacitance value change amount. Therefore, this method is relatively simple and has good detection performance.
  • the sensor chip in the control module calculates the ratio n of the number N of crossing sites where the capacitance value changes and the total number M of crossing sites.
  • the ratio n is larger. Therefore, the ratio n of the number of crossing sites where the capacitance changes to the total number of crossing sites can reflect the amount of water.
  • the voltage applied to the heating layer is controlled, or the total resistance value of the heating resistor connected to the drive circuit is controlled to perform heating and water removal with different heating powers.
  • the heating power of the heating layer is large and the speed of heating and water removal is fast.
  • the heating power of the heating layer is small, which can save energy.
  • the heating water removal rate of the heating layer can be controlled, which is beneficial to the How much, choose the appropriate voltage or the appropriate resistance value of the heating resistor for heating, which is conducive to energy saving.
  • the sensor chip calculates the ratio n of the number N of crossing sites where the capacitance value changes and the total number M of crossing sites, it can send a signal of the ratio n to A micro-processing unit in the control module.
  • the micro-processing unit may preset corresponding control commands according to different ranges of the ratio n in advance.
  • the heating range from small to large heating power can be set according to the order of the ratio n from small to large, and the heating range from small to large can correspond to the voltage from small to large or from small to large To a large heating resistance, therefore, when the sensor chip sends the detected ratio n to the micro-processing unit, the micro-processing unit can issue a corresponding control command to the heating layer according to the heating level corresponding to the n value, using The drive circuit controls the voltage applied to the heating resistor, or controls the total resistance value connected to the drive circuit.
  • the heating water removal rate of the heating layer can be controlled, which is beneficial to the How much, choose the appropriate voltage or the appropriate resistance value of the heating resistor for heating, which is conducive to energy saving.
  • this method can easily determine the water coverage area and the amount of water by detecting the change in the capacitance value at the intersection site and calculating the proportion of the intersection site where the capacitance value changes, and the capacitance value
  • the heating layer can quickly heat and remove water at a larger voltage or the resistance value of the larger heating resistor; when the proportion of the cross-sites with changed capacitance values is smaller, The heating layer can quickly heat and remove water at a lower voltage or a smaller heating resistance, which saves energy.
  • the method may further include:
  • the control component makes a judgment based on the magnitude of the n value calculated in the previous step.
  • the micro processing unit may be preset with a condition for issuing a control command, so as to determine whether heating and dewatering need to be performed according to the value of n.
  • the control component determines whether the ratio n is greater than 20%.
  • the micro-processing unit can pre-set the conditions for issuing control commands. For example, when the ratio n ⁇ 20%, the control command is not issued, that is, the cross bit of the capacitance value calculated by the sensor chip changes When the ratio n of the number N of dots and the number M of the total crossing sites is less than 20%, the heating layer may not be heated to remove water (that is, S40: the ratio n is less than 20%, and it is determined that heating is not required).
  • the control component may not issue a control command, that is, the heating layer may not work. As a result, it can not only ensure the normal use of the rear-view mirror, but also save energy.
  • the ratio n is greater than 20%, and it is determined that heating is required. According to some embodiments of the present application, when the ratio n is greater than 20%, it can be determined that a control command needs to be issued in order to heat the heating layer to remove water.
  • three heating gears may be preset in the micro-processing unit, for example, heating gear A, heating gear B, and heating gear C, and the range of the ratio n corresponding to heating gear A may be 20% ⁇ n ⁇ 50% (ie step S51), the control command corresponding to the heating gear A is the first control command (ie step S61), the first control command can control the voltage applied to the heating layer to the first voltage V 1 ;
  • the range of the ratio n corresponding to the heating gear B can be 50% ⁇ n ⁇ 80% (ie step S52), the control instruction corresponding to the heating gear B is the second control instruction (ie step S61), the second The control instruction can control the voltage applied to the heating layer to be the second voltage V 2 ;
  • the range of the ratio n corresponding to the heating gear C can be 80% ⁇ n ⁇ 100% (that is, step S53), and the corresponding to the heating gear C Is a third control instruction (ie, step S63), which can control the voltage applied to the heating layer to be the third voltage V 3
  • the micro-processing unit can issue a first control instruction, a second control instruction, or a third control instruction, and the voltage applied to the heating layer corresponding to the first control instruction, the second control instruction, and the third control instruction
  • the values increase in sequence.
  • the ratio n when the ratio n is greater than 20%, it can be judged that a control command needs to be issued to heat the heating layer to remove water.
  • three heating gears may be preset in the micro-processing unit, for example, heating gear A, heating gear B, and heating gear C, and the range of the ratio n corresponding to heating gear A may be 20% ⁇ n ⁇ 50% (ie step S51), the control command corresponding to the heating gear A is the first control command (ie step S61), the first control command can control the total resistance value of the heating resistor electrically connected to the drive circuit
  • the ratio n of the heating gear B can range from 50% ⁇ n ⁇ 80% (ie step S52), the control instruction corresponding to the heating gear B is the second control instruction (ie Step S61), the second control instruction can control the total resistance value of the heating resistor electrically connected to the driving circuit to be the second heating resistance value R 2 ;
  • the range of the ratio n corresponding to the heating gear C can
  • the micro-processing unit can issue the first control command, the second control command or the third control command, and the heating resistance connected to the drive circuit corresponding to the first control command, the second control command and the third control command
  • the total resistance value increases in turn.
  • the heating layer performs heating and water removal according to the control command issued by the control module in the previous step.
  • the heating layer is controlled to be heated with different heating powers.
  • the voltage applied to the heating layer is larger or a larger heating resistance is used for heating.
  • the heating power of the heating layer is larger; when the water on the surface of the water sensing layer is less At this time, the voltage applied to the heating layer is smaller or the heating resistance is smaller, and the heating power of the heating layer is smaller. Therefore, it is possible to flexibly and intelligently select whether to perform heating and dewatering according to the amount of water, and the voltage or heating resistance of the heating and dewatering, which can not only intelligently and quickly heat and remove water, but also save energy.
  • the control component may Again detect the change in capacitance at the crossover point.
  • the sensor chip may periodically scan the water volume sensing layer at regular intervals, that is, detect the change in capacitance between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer at regular intervals. Therefore, the method can monitor the water volume on the surface of the water volume sensing layer in real time, and perform heating and water removal according to the water volume.
  • the method can intelligently heat the water removal according to the amount of water, and the water removal is rapid and the water removal effect is good.
  • the description referring to the terms “one embodiment”, “another embodiment”, “specific embodiment”, etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment are included in this application In at least one embodiment.
  • the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
  • the terms “first” and “second” are used for description purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features.

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Abstract

除水装置、除水系统以及除水方法，该除水装置包括：检测单元（1000），所述检测单元（1000）被配置为检测水量，并发出控制指令；以及加热单元（2000），所述加热单元（2000）被配置为可接收所述控制指令，并根据所述控制指令进行加热。

Description

除水装置、除水系统以及除水方法
优先权信息
本申请请求2019年01月02日向中国国家知识产权局提交的、专利申请号为201910002239.5的专利申请的优先权和权益，并且通过参照将其全文并入此处。
技术领域
本申请涉及室外装置制造技术领域，具体地，涉及除水装置、除水系统以及除水方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的室外装置应用到人们的日常生活中。例如，汽车已经越来越普及，室外显示器以及室外玻璃幕墙等也被广泛应用。但是，室外装置的使用性能常常会受到天气的影响，例如，下雨或下雪的时候，雨水，雪等会覆盖在室外装置的表面，例如雨水落在汽车的后视镜、前方挡风玻璃等的表面时，会对驾驶人员的视线造成干扰，如果落在汽车后视镜上的雨和雪不能及时被清理，会极大地影响后视镜的镜面反射效果，影响驾驶员的视野，存在极大的安全隐患。例如，雨水，雪落在室外显示器或玻璃幕墙等的表面时，会影响室外显示器的显示性能或玻璃幕墙的透光性等，不利于室外显示器以及玻璃幕墙的正常使用。
申请内容
在本申请的一个方面，本申请提出了一种除水装置。根据本申请的实施例，该除水装置包括：检测单元，所述检测单元被配置为检测水量，并发出控制指令；以及加热单元，所述加热单元被配置为接收所述控制指令，并根据所述控制指令进行加热。由此，该除水装置可根据水量的多少，智能地加热除水，且除水较为迅速，除水效果良好。
根据本申请的实施例，所述检测单元包括水量传感层以及控制组件，所述水量传感层被配置为与外界接触，以对所述水量进行检测，并向所述控制组件发送反映水量的信号，所述控制组件被配置为接收所述反映水量的信号，并发出所述控制指令。由此，该水量传感层可智能地检测水量的多少，并向控制组件发送反映水量的信号，以便控制组件根据该反映水量的信号向加热单元发出除水的控制指令。
根据本申请的实施例，所述水量传感层包括相对设置且互相绝缘的第一电极层以及第二电极层，所述第一电极层包括多个沿第一方向平行排列的第一子电极，所述第二电极层包括多个沿第二方向平行排列的第二子电极，其中，所述第一方向和所述第二方向交叉。由 此，水滴落在所述水量传感层表面时，会引起第一电极层和第二电极层之间的距离的变化，进而会导致第一电极层和第二电极层之间电容值的变化，从而控制组件可以通过检测该电容值的变化计算出落在水量传感层表面的水量的多少，以便控制组件向加热单元发出相应的控制指令，从而可以灵活而智能地除水。
根据本申请的实施例，所述控制组件可根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定所述水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令。由此，控制组件可以通过检测该电容值的变化计算出落在水量传感层表面的水量的多少，以便控制组件向加热单元发出相应的控制指令，从而可以灵活而智能地除水。根据本申请的实施例，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括加热电阻。由此，该加热层可以迅速而均匀地进行加热除水，且比较节能。
根据本申请的实施例，所述加热层包括多个所述加热电阻。由此，控制组件可以通过控制电连接的加热电阻的总电阻值大小，来简便地控制加热层以不同的加热功率进行加热，既可以快速除水，又比较节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述控制组件可基于所述水量，利用所述驱动电路控制施加在所述加热电阻上的电压。由此，该加热层可以迅速而均匀地进行加热除水；该控制组件通过控制施加在加热电阻上的电压，可以简便地根据水量的多少智能地加热除水，既可以快速除水，又比较节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括多个加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述控制组件可基于所述水量，利用所述驱动电路控制和所述驱动电路相连的总电阻值。由此，控制组件可以通过控制电连接的加热电阻的总电阻值大小，来简便地控制加热层以不同的加热功率进行加热，既可以快速除水，又比较节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，所述加热层的厚度为0.1-0.5mm。由此，该加热层的厚度较小，不会显著影响利用该除水装置的室外装置的外观以及结构等。
根据本申请的实施例，所述加热层的光透过率不小于85％。由此，该加热层为透明的，将该除水装置应用到除水系统表面时，不会影响除水系统的反光、透光以及显示性能等，因此，该除水装置的应用较为广泛，且使用性能良好。
根据本申请的实施例，所述水量传感层的光透过率不小于85％。由此，该水量传感层为透明的，将该除水装置应用到除水系统表面时，不会影响除水系统的反光、透光以及显示性能等，因此，该除水装置的应用较为广泛，且使用性能良好。
在本申请的另一方面，本申请提出了一种除水系统。根据本申请的实施例，该除水系统包括主体；以及前面任一项所述的除水装置。由此，该除水系统具有前面任一项所述的除 水装置是所具有的全部特征以及优点，在此不再赘述。总的来说，该除水系统可以灵活而智能地进行加热除水，其室外使用性能良好。
根据本申请的实施例，所述除水装置的检测单元包括水量传感层以及控制组件，所述除水装置的加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层以及所述水量传感层层叠设置在所述主体的外表面上，且所述加热层靠近所述主体设置。由此，通过简便地将加热层以及水量传感层设置在主体的外表面上，例如将加热层以及水量传感层粘贴在主体的外表面上，即可以实现智能检测水量以及加热除水的效果；并且，该加热层靠近主体表面设置，可以快速地加热除水，因此，该除水系统结构简单，且室外性能良好。
根据本申请的实施例，所述主体包括汽车后视镜、汽车挡风玻璃、玻璃幕墙或室外显示器。由此，前面所述的除水装置的应用范围广泛，该除水系统的室外使用性能良好。
在本申请的又一方面，本申请提出了一种利用除水装置的除水方法。根据本申请的实施例，该方法包括：检测单元检测水量，并向加热单元发出控制指令；所述加热单元接收所述控制指令，并根据所述控制指令进行加热，以去除所述除水装置表面的水。由此，该方法可根据水量的多少，智能地加热除水，且除水较为迅速，除水效果良好。
根据本申请的实施例，所述检测单元包括水量传感层以及控制组件所述水量传感层被配置为与外界接触，以对所述水量进行检测，所述水量传感层包括相对设置且互相绝缘的第一电极层以及第二电极层，所述第一电极层包括多个沿第一方向平行排列的第一子电极，所述第二电极层包括多个沿第二方向平行排列的第二子电极，其中，所述第一方向和所述第二方向交叉，所述检测单元检测水量，并向加热单元发出控制指令进一步包括：所述控制组件根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令。由此，该方法可以根据电容值变化，快速而准确地判断水量的多少，并发出相应的控制指令，以便加热层根据水量的多少灵活而智能地除水。
根据本申请的实施例，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：利用所述驱动电路基于所述水量，控制施加在所述加热电阻上的电压。由此，通过简便地控制施加在加热电阻上的电压，可以简便控制该金属导热膜的加热除水速率，因而有利于根据水量的多少，选择合适的电压或选择合适的加热电阻进行加热，有利于节能省电。
根据本申请的实施例，多个所述第一子电极和多个所述第二子电极之间形成有M个交叉位点，所述根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定所述水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：分别测定M个所述交叉位点处的电容值，并确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N；基于所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令以向所述加 热电阻施加电压，所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N越大，所述驱动电路施加在所述加热电阻上的电压越大。由此，通过确定电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N，即可简便地判断水量的多少，并且，电容值变化的交叉位点的数目较多时，加热层可以在较大电压下快速地加热除水；电容值变化的交叉位点的数目较少时，加热层在较小的电压下即可快速加热除水，比较节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N之后，所述方法进一步包括：所述控制组件计算所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N和M的比值n；基于所述比值n的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令，所述比值n越大，所述控制指令对应的施加在所述加热电阻上的电压越大。由此，通过检测所述交叉位点处的电容值是否发生变化，并通过计算电容值变化的交叉位点所占的比例，可以简便地判断水量的多少以及水量的覆盖面积，并且，电容值变化的交叉位点所占比例较大时，加热层可以在较大电压下快速地加热除水；电容值变化的交叉位点所占比例较小时，加热层在较小的电压下即可快速加热除水，比较节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，所述控制组件基于所述比值n的大小，发出不同的所述控制指令进一步包括：所述比值n的范围为0％≤n≤20％时，所述控制组件不发出所述控制指令；所述比值n的范围为20％＜n≤50％时，所述控制组件发出第一控制指令，控制施加在所述加热层的电压为第一电压V 1；所述比值n的范围为50％＜n≤80％时，所述控制组件发出第二控制指令，控制施加在所述加热层的电压为第二电压V 2；所述比值n的范围为80％＜n≤100％时，所述控制组件发出第三控制指令，控制施加在所述加热层的电压为第三电压V 3，其中，V 3＞V 2＞V 1。由此，可以根据水量的多少，灵活而智能地选择是否进行加热除水，以及加热除水的电压的大小，不仅能智能地快速地加热除水，而且能节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括多个加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：利用所述驱动电路基于所述水量，控制和所述驱动电路相连的总电阻值。由此，通过简便地控制和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的总阻值的大小，可以简便控制该金属导热膜的加热除水速率，因而有利于根据水量的多少，选择合适的电压或选择合适的加热电阻进行加热，有利于节能省电。
根据本申请的实施例，多个所述第一子电极和多个所述第二子电极之间形成有M个交叉位点，所述根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定所述水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：分别测定M个所述交叉位点处的电容值，并确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N；基于所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令以控制连接 至所述驱动电路的所述加热电阻的总电阻值，所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N越大，连接至所述驱动电路的总电阻值越大。由此，通过确定电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N，即可简便地判断水量的多少，并且，电容值变化的交叉位点的数目较多时，加热层可以在较大的电阻值下快速地加热除水；电容值变化的交叉位点的数目较少时，加热层在较小的电阻值下即可快速加热除水，比较节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N之后，所述方法进一步包括：所述控制组件计算所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N和M的比值n；基于所述比值n的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令，所述比值n越大，连接至所述驱动电路的总电阻值越大。由此，通过检测所述交叉位点处的电容值是否发生变化，并通过计算电容值变化的交叉位点所占的比例，可以简便地判断水量的多少以及水量的覆盖面积，并且，电容值变化的交叉位点所占比例较大时，加热层可以在较大的电阻值下快速地加热除水；电容值变化的交叉位点所占比例较小时，加热层在较小的电阻值下即可快速加热除水，比较节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，所述控制组件基于所述比值n的大小，发出不同的所述控制指令进一步包括：所述比值n的范围为0％≤n≤20％时，所述控制组件不发出所述控制指令；所述比值n的范围为20％＜n≤50％时，所述控制组件发出第一控制指令，控制和所述驱动电路连接的所述加热电阻的总电阻值为第一加热电阻值R 1；所述比值n的范围为50％＜n≤80％时，所述控制组件发出第二控制指令，控制和所述驱动电路连接的所述加热电阻的总电阻值为第二加热电阻值R 2；所述比值n的范围为80％＜n≤100％时，所述控制组件发出第三控制指令，控制和所述驱动电路连接的所述加热电阻的总电阻值为第三加热电阻值R 3，其中，R 3＞R 2＞R 1。由此，可以根据水量的多少，灵活而智能地选择是否进行加热除水，以及加热除水的总电阻值的大小，不仅能智能地快速地加热除水，而且能节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，所述确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N进一步包括：所述控制组件每隔一定时间，对M个所述交叉位点处的电容值进行测定，并比对前次测定时所述交叉位点处的电容值，以确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N。由此，该控制组件可以实时监测水量传感层表面的水量，并根据水量进行加热除水。
附图说明
图1显示了根据本申请一个实施例的除水装置的结构示意图；
图2显示了根据本申请一个实施例的水量传感层的结构示意图；
图3显示了根据本申请一个实施例的水量传感层的剖面结构示意图；
图4显示了根据本申请一个实施例的检测单元的模块分布示意图；
图5显示了根据本申请一个实施例的除水装置的部分结构示意图；
图6显示了根据本申请另一个实施例的除水装置的部分结构示意图；
图7显示了根据本申请一个实施例的除水系统的部分结构示意图；
图8显示了根据本申请另一个实施例的除水系统的部分结构示意图；
图9显示了根据本申请又一个实施例的除水系统的部分结构示意图；
图10显示了根据本申请一个实施例的利用除水装置的除水方法流程图；
图11显示了根据本申请另一个实施例的利用除水装置的除水方法流程图；
图12显示了根据本申请又一个实施例的利用除水装置的除水方法流程图；以及
图13显示了根据本申请又一个实施例的利用除水装置的除水方法流程图。
附图标记说明：
1000：检测单元；2000：加热单元；100：水量传感层；110：第一电极层；10：第一子电极；120：第二电极层；20：第二子电极；30：交叉位点；200：加热层；300：抗指纹膜层；400：主体；410：镜面层；420：镀银层。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
需要说明的是，在本申请的各个方面中所描述的特征和效果可以互相适用，在此不再赘述。
在本申请的一个方面，本申请提出了一种除水装置。根据本申请的实施例，参考图1，该除水装置包括检测单元1000以及加热单元2000，该检测单元1000可检测水量，并发出控制指令，该加热单元2000可接收该控制指令，并根据该控制指令进行加热。由此，该除水装置可根据水量的多少，智能地加热除水，且除水较为迅速，除水效果良好。
发明人发现，目前的室外除水装置普遍存在机械结构复杂、不能根据水量灵活智能地除水等问题。例如，目前用于汽车后视镜以及前方挡风玻璃等的除水装置，通常是通过雨刷、导风管等机械结构刮去后视镜表面的雨水，这样的机械除水方法不仅效果一般，并且结构比较复杂，增加了整车的结构复杂性。并且，目前的室外除水装置不能根据水量的多少以及雨水的覆盖面积大小等，灵活智能地除水，不利于节约能源以及实现室外装置的自动化、智能化等。而根据本申请实施例的除水装置，通过检测单元可以智能地检测水量的多少， 并能向加热单元发出相应的控制信号，加热单元可以接收该控制信号，并根据该控制信号智能地加热除水，该加热单元的结构较为简单，加热除水较为迅速和彻底，因此，根据本申请实施例的除水装置结构简单，且除水效果良好。
需要说明的是，根据本申请实施例的除水装置在使用时，可以直接贴附在例如后视镜、室外显示屏等主体的表面，进而可以简便地根据检测的水量进行加热除水。并且，本申请中的“除水装置”可加热除去室外装置表面的雨水、雪水以及雾等，应用广泛。
根据本申请的实施例，检测单元可以包括水量传感层以及控制组件，该水量传感层与外界接触，以对水量进行检测，并向控制组件发送反映水量的信号，控制组件可接收该反映水量的信号，并向加热单元发出除水的控制指令。也即是说，该除水装置在使用时，水量传感层可以贴附在室外装置的外表面上，进而可以简便地检测水量的多少，以便控制组件控制加热单元智能地加热除水。
根据本申请的实施例，水量传感层的具体结构不受特别限制，只要能感应落在其表面的水滴的多少以及水滴的覆盖面积，并向控制组件发出反映水量的信号即可。具体的，参考图2以及图3(图3为沿图2中的CC’方向的截面图)，水量传感层100可以包括相对设置的第一电极层110以及第二电极层120，第一电极层110可以包括多个沿第一方向(参考图2中示出的A方向)平行排列的第一子电极10，第二电极层120可以包括多个沿第二方向(参考图2中所示出的B方向)平行排列的第二子电极20。具体的，第一方向和第二方向可以交叉，例如第一方向和第二方向可以垂直。具体的，第一电极层110以及第二电极层120之间具有可变形空间。也即是说，当水滴落在该水量传感层100表面时，会引起第一电极层110和第二电极层120之间距离的变化，进而导致第一电极层110和第二电极层120之间的电容量的变化，该电容量的变化即为反映水量的信号，从而控制组件可以通过检测该电容量的变化计算出落在水量传感层100表面的水量的多少，并且可以向加热单元发出相应的控制指令，从而可以灵活而智能地除水。
具体的，根据前面的方法检测到落在水量传感层100表面的水量之后，加热单元可以以不同的加热功率进行加热，例如，水量较少时，加热单元的加热功率可以较小；水量较多时，加热单元的加热功率可以较大，由此，不仅能迅速地加热除水，还可以降低能源消耗。具体的，根据前面的方法检测到落在水量传感层100表面的水量之后，加热单元也可以智能地进行局部加热，即在落有水滴的地方进行加热，没有水滴的地方不进行加热，由此，可以更加精确地进行加热除水，进一步降低能源消耗。
具体的，第一子电极10以及第二子电极20的形状以及排列密度等不受特别限制，本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行设计，例如，参考图2，第一子电极10以及第二子电极20可以是条形电极；参考图4，第一子电极10以及第二子电极20可以是具有异形设计的电极， 例如，第一子电极10以及第二子电极20可以为多个菱形块构成的子电极，子电极的边缘也可以为弧形的，例如，可以具有波浪线的形状。
具体的，当该除水装置应用在玻璃、镜片(例如汽车后视镜)、显示屏等需要透光的室外装置中时，水量传感层可以贴附在该室外装置的表面，此时，该水量传感层可以是由透明材料形成的，例如该第一电极层以及第二电极层可以是由透明金属(例如氧化铟锡、氧化铟锌等)形成的。由此，该水量传感层不仅可以检测室外装置表面的水量，发出反映水量的信号(即电容值发生变化的信号)，还不会影响室外装置本身的使用性能。
具体的，参考图4，多个第一子电极10以及多个第二子电极20之间具有多个交叉位点30，需要说明的是，第一子电极10以及第二子电极20之间是具有一定的空间距离的(即前面所述的可变形空间)，但是，第一子电极10和第二子电极20在图4中所示出的纸面上的投影具有重叠部分，该重叠部分所对应的可变形空间即为前面所述的交叉位点30。由此，控制组件可以检测多个交叉位点30对应处的第一子电极10和第二子电极20之间的电容值变化，进而可以简便地判断水量的多少。具体的，当水滴落在该水量传感层的表面时，由于水滴的重量等会在交叉位点30处的第一子电极10和第二子电极20之间形成耦合电容，因此，该交叉位点30处的电容会发生变化，因此，通过检测交叉位点30处的电容变化，即可简便地获得水量传感层表面的水量信息。并且，由于该水量传感层中，多个第一子电极10之间排列比较紧密，多个第二子电极20之间排列也比较紧密，因此，该水量传感层上的交叉位点30排列也非常紧密，因此，当水滴落到该水量传感层表面时，可以覆盖数个交叉位点30，并且，水滴的数量越多，所覆盖的交叉位点30的数量越多。因此，通过检测电容发生变化的交叉位点30的数目，即可简便地判断水量传感层表面的水量的多少。例如，电容值发生变化的交叉位点30的数目较多，则表明水量传感层表面被水滴覆盖的面积较大，即水量较多。由此，具有该结构的水量传感层可以较好地检测其表面的水量多少以及水滴覆盖面积，并向控制组件发出反映水量的信号，后续控制组件可以根据该反映水量的信号，发出相应的控制指令，并控制加热单元智能地加热除水。
根据本申请的实施例，根据前面的方法检测到落在水量传感层100表面的水量之后，加热单元可以以不同的加热功率进行加热，例如，水量较少时(即检测到电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数目较少时)，加热单元的加热功率可以较小；水量较多时(即检测到电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数目较多时)，加热单元的加热功率可以较大，由此，不仅能迅速地加热除水，还可以降低能源消耗。具体的，根据前面的方法检测到落在水量传感层100表面的水量之后，加热单元也可以智能地进行局部加热，即在落有水滴的地方进行加热，没有水滴的地方不进行加热，例如，可以对电容值发生变化的交叉位点进行加热，而电容值未发生变化的交叉位点不进行加热，由此，可以更加精确地进行加热除水，进一步降低能源 消耗。
根据本申请的实施例，控制组件的具体种类不受特别限制，只要能接收水量传感层发出的反映水量的信号(例如电容值发生变化的信号)，并且能根据该反映水量的信号向加热单元发出相应的控制指令即可。具体的，参考图4，控制组件可以包括传感芯片(Touch IC)以及微处理单元(MCU)，传感芯片和多个第一子电极10以及多个第二子电极20电连接，并且可以检测多个交叉位点30对应处的第一子电极10和第二子电极20之间的电容值变化。并且，传感芯片可将检测到的电容值变化的信息发送至微处理单元，微处理单元可以根据该电容值变化的信息控制加热单元进行加热除水。例如，微处理单元可以根据电容值变化的信息控制加热单元采用不同的加热功率进行加热。具体的，微处理单元可以进一步包括驱动电路，前面所述的微处理单元可以利用该驱动电路来控制加热单元以不同的加热功率进行加热，例如可以利用驱动电路控制施加在所述加热电阻上的电压，或者控制和驱动电路相连的总电阻值的大小，从而可以简便地控制加热单元以不同的加热功率进行加热。
根据本申请的实施例，传感芯片可以每隔一段时间，对水量传感层进行扫描检测，即对多个交叉位点处的电容值进行测定，并通过比对前次测定时交叉位点处的电容值，即可判断交叉位点30处的电容值是否发生了变化；并且，传感芯片可以计算电容值变化的交叉位点30的数量N与总的交叉位点的数量M的比值n，并根据该比值n的大小，判断水量传感层表面的水量的覆盖面积以及水量的多少。具体的，微控制单元可以根据比值n的大小设置不同的加热档位，以便根据水量的多少，向加热层发出不同的控制指令，控制加热层以不同的功率加热。具体的，传感芯片检测到电容值发生变化的交叉位点之后，还可以将具体的电容值发生变化的交叉位点的位置发送至微处理单元，微处理单元可以向加热单元发出控制信号，控制加热单元仅对电容值发生变化的交叉位点进行加热除水。
综上可知，该检测单元可以智能检测水量的多少，并且可灵活地根据水量的多少发出不同的控制指令，控制加热层以不同的加热速率进行加热除水，因此，该除水装置不仅结构简单，可灵活智能除水，还可以节能省电。
根据本申请的实施例，加热单元的具体类型不受特别限制，只要能根据检测单元发出的控制指令较为快速地加热除水即可。具体的，加热单元可以包括加热层；具体的，加热层可以包括加热电阻，例如，该加热层可以是由金属线制成的金属导热膜，该金属导热膜相当于加热电阻，在通电的条件下，该加热电阻可以迅速地发热，以便加热除水。根据本申请的实施例，该加热层可以包括一个或多个加热电阻，例如，该加热层可以包括一层金属导热膜，该金属导热膜可与驱动电路相连，作为电路中的一个加热电阻，在驱动电路向该金属导热膜施加电压时，通过发热实现除水。或者，该加热层也可以包括多个互相绝缘的可发热金属，也即是说，该加热层可以包括多个加热电阻。具体的，多个加热电阻的电阻 值的大小可以相同也可以不同，前面所述的驱动电路可以通过电路中诸如控制开关等部件，控制和驱动电路电连接的多个加热电阻的总电阻值。总电阻值越大，电阻发出的热量越多。也即是说，当和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的电阻值固定时(例如该加热层只有一个加热电阻)，可以利用该驱动电路控制施加在该加热电阻上的电压的大小，进而可以令该加热层以不同的加热功率进行加热；当该加热层包括多个加热电阻时，还可以通过控制和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的数目，或者当多个加热电阻的电阻值不同时，可以控制和驱动电路连接的加热电阻的电阻值，以便该加热层以不同的加热功率进行加热。具体的，如前所述，根据检测到的水量的多少，控制组件可以发出相应的控制指令，控制加热电源和该金属导热膜中的对应的加热电阻电连接，进行加热，例如，当检测到的水量较多时，加热电源可以接通该金属导热膜中电阻值较大的加热电阻，以便快速加热除水；当检测到的水量较少时，加热电源可以接通该金属导热膜中电阻值较小的加热电阻，不仅能快速加热除水，还能节约能源。
具体的，该加热层可以进一步包括两层绝缘膜，上述金属导热膜可以设置在两层绝缘膜之间且进行封装，由此，第一方面，该加热层较为柔软，可以贴附在使用该除水装置的室外装置的表面等，结构简单，且使用范围较广；具体的，可以利用压敏胶进行贴附，更具体的，可以利用透明压敏胶进行贴附；第二方面，该加热层使用方便，例如给该金属导热膜施加电压，该加热层即可进行加热除水，并且，如前所述，根据检测到的水量的多少，控制组件可以通过控制施加在加热层的电压的大小，或者控制和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的总电阻值，来简便地控制加热的功率，使用智能且比较节能；第三方面，该金属导热膜为面状发热，热效率高，比较节能省电，热惯性小，且升温迅速，最高温度可达200摄氏度左右，且加热比较均匀。具体的，该加热层可以是透明材料形成的，也可以是不透明材料形成的。具体的，当需要将该加热层贴附在玻璃、镜片(例如汽车后视镜)等需要透光的室外装置的表面时，该加热层也可以是由透明材料形成的，例如，该加热层可以包括夹在两层透明薄膜之间的透明金属导热膜，该透明薄膜可以为聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜等。具体的，加热层的厚度可以为0.1-0.5mm，例如可以为0.2mm，可以为0.3mm，可以为0.4mm，可以为0.45mm等。例如，将特种金属箔制成各种电阻线路，然后封在两层绝缘聚酰亚胺薄膜之间形成的电热元件。由此，该加热层的厚度较小，不会显著影响利用该除水装置的室外装置的外观以及结构等，且加热效果良好。
根据本申请的实施例，参考图5，加热层200和水量传感层100可以层叠设置，并且，加热层200以及水量传感层100的光透过率均不小于85％。由此，该加热层200靠近水量传感层100设置，即该加热层200和水滴的距离较近，因此可以快速地加热除水；并且，该加热层200以及水量传感层100均为透明的，不影响该室外装置的使用性能，例如透光 性能、反光性能、显示性能等，因此，该室外装置的结构较为简单，且室外使用性能良好。
根据本申请的实施例，参考图6，该除水装置可以进一步包括抗指纹膜层300(ASF)，抗指纹膜层300设置在水量传感层100远离加热层200的一侧。具体的，该抗指纹膜层300可以形成一种稳定且具有超疏水特性的结构，可以大大降低水量传感层100表面的表面张力，脏污等难附着在水量传感层100表面，并且脏污易擦除，进而可以提高除水装置的抗脏污能力，并且，该抗指纹膜层还具有较高的耐磨性，可提高该除水装置的耐磨性，进一步提高该除水装置的使用性能。具体的，形成该抗指纹膜层300的具体材料等不受特别限制，本领域技术人员可以根据需要进行设置。具体的，该抗指纹膜层300的厚度可以较小，并且不影响水量传感层100对落在该除水装置表面的水滴进行检测。具体的，抗指纹膜层300的制备方法不受特别限制，例如可以通过喷涂或蒸馏的方法在水量传感层100远离加热层200一侧的表面形成抗指纹膜层300。
在本申请的另一方面，本申请提出了一种除水系统。根据本申请的实施例，该除水系统包括主体以及前面任一项所述的除水装置。由此，该除水系统具有前面任一项所述的除水装置是所具有的全部特征以及优点，在此不再赘述。总的来说，该除水系统可以灵活而智能地进行加热除水，其室外使用性能良好。
根据本申请的实施例，该主体的具体类型不受特别限制，只要是在户外使用的装置，并且需要在雨雪天气等除去该装置表面的雨水等即可。具体的，该主体可以包括汽车后视镜、汽车挡风玻璃、玻璃幕墙或室外显示器等。由此，前面所述的除水装置的应用范围广泛，且该除水系统的室外使用性能良好。
根据本申请的实施例，除水装置的检测单元可以包括水量传感层和控制组件，加热单元可以包括加热层，参考图7，加热层200以及水量传感层100可以设置在主体400的外表面上(参考图中所示出的“外”方向)，并且加热层200靠近主体400的外表面设置。由此，通过简便地将加热层200以及水量传感层100设置(例如粘贴)在主体400的外表面上，即可以实现智能检测水量以及加热除水的效果，该除水系统结构简单，且室外性能良好。
需要说明的是，当该主体为汽车后视镜、汽车挡风玻璃、玻璃幕墙或室外显示器等具有反光、透光或者显示性能的装置时，该除水装置的加热层以及水量传感层可以均为透明的，由此，该加热层以及水量传感层不影响该除水系统的使用性能，且该除水系统的结构较为简单，室外使用性能良好。
根据本申请的具体实施例，参考图8，该除水系统可以为汽车后视镜，该主体400可以为后视镜主体，具体的，该除水装置可以包括依次设置在主体400外侧(“外侧”参考图中所示出的“外”方向)的加热层200以及水量传感层100。主体400包括镜面层410以及镀银层420，其中，镜面层410靠近加热层200设置。需要说明的是，发明人通过深入研究发 现，现有的利用加热装置(例如通热风等)除水的后视镜中，为了避免加热装置影响后视镜的反光效果，加热装置通常都是设置在后视镜的背面的，即加热装置设置在后视镜的镀银层一侧，加热装置离水滴的距离较远，因此，该加热装置的除水效果较差，例如后视镜的镜面层以及镀银层的总厚度通常在10mm左右，在该情况下，设置在后视镜背面的加热装置需要隔着10mm左右的后视镜对镜面层表面的雨水等加热，因此，加热除水效果较差。而根据本申请实施例的除水系统(后视镜)中，加热层200设置在镜面层410远离镀银层420的一侧，即加热层200设置在该主体400的外侧，加热层200和雨滴之间只间隔了较薄的水量传感层100，因此，该加热层200和水滴之间的距离很近，因此，该加热层200可以非常迅速地加热除水，除水效率较高。并且，该加热层200可以是由透明材料形成的，不影响该后视镜的反光性能等。
根据本申请的实施例，水量传感层100可以为前面所述的水量传感层，由此，该水量传感层100具有前面所述的水量传感层所具有的全部特征以及优点，在此不再赘述。具体的，参考图9，水量传感层100可以包括相对设置的第一电极层110以及第二电极层120等。第一电极层110可以包括多个沿第一方向平行排列的第一子电极，第二电极层120可以包括多个沿第二方向平行排列的第二子电极(图中未示出)，该第一电极层110以及第二电极层120可以是由透明金属(例如氧化铟锡、氧化铟锌等)形成的。具体的，第一方向和第二方向可以交叉，例如第一方向和第二方向可以垂直。具体的，第一电极层110以及第二电极层120之间具有可变形空间等。
根据本申请的实施例，加热层200可以为前面所述的加热层，由此，该加热层200具有前面所述的加热层所具有的全部特征以及优点，在此不再赘述。具体的，该加热层200可以是由透明的金属导电膜形成的，加热层200的厚度可以为0.1-0.5mm等。综上可知，根据本申请实施例的除水系统，可以灵活而智能地进行加热除水，且除水速度较快，效率较高，其室外使用性能良好。
在本申请的又一方面，本申请提出了一种利用除水装置的除水方法。根据本申请的实施例，该方法可以利用前面所述的除水装置除水，因此，该除水方法具有前面所述的除水装置所具有的全部特征以及优点，在此不再赘述。总的来说，该方法可根据水量的多少，智能地加热除水，且除水较为迅速，除水效果良好。
具体的，参考图10，该方法包括：
S100：检测单元检测水量，并向加热单元发出控制指令
在该步骤中，检测单元检测水量，并向加热单元发出控制指令。根据本申请的实施例，该检测单元可以为前面所述的检测单元，因此，该检测单元具有前面所述的检测单元所具有的全部特征以及优点，在此不再赘述。具体的，检测单元可以包括水量传感层以及控制 组件，水量传感层与外界接触，以对水量进行检测，水量传感层包括相对设置的第一电极层以及第二电极层，第一电极层包括多个沿第一方向平行排列的第一子电极，第二电极层包括多个沿第二方向平行排列的第二子电极，其中，第一方向和第二方向交叉，例如第一方向和第二方向可以垂直。因此，如前所述，控制组件可以通过检测第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电容变化情况，来判断水量传感层表面的水量多少，并根据水量的多少，发出相应的控制指令，并控制加热单元进行加热除水。根据本申请的实施例，该加热单元可以为前面所述的加热单元，因此，该加热单元具有前面所述的加热单元所具有的全部特征以及优点，在此不再赘述。具体的，加热单元可以包括加热层，加热层可以包括加热电阻，加热电阻可以是由金属线形成的金属导热膜，并且，该加热层可以包括一个或多个加热电阻。由此，通过控制施加在该加热层上的电压的大小，或者控制和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的总电阻值的大小，即可控制加热层以不同的加热功率进行加热。由此，该加热单元有利于根据水量的多少，灵活智能地以不同的加热电压或者不同的加热电阻进行加热。
根据本申请的实施例，参考图11，该方法可以进一步包括：
S110：检测第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电容值变化
在该步骤中，控制组件检测第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电容值变化。根据本申请的实施例，如前所述，当水滴落到该水量传感层的表面时，水滴和该第一电极层以及第二电极层之间会形成耦合电容，因此带来负的模数转换器(ADC)感应量，因此控制组件可以检测到电容的变化。具体的，控制组件可以包括传感芯片以及微处理单元，传感芯片和第一电极层电连接，传感芯片和第二电极层电连接，因此，该传感芯片可以检测前面所述的第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电容值变化。根据本申请的实施例，该传感芯片可以周期性地每隔一定时间扫描一次水量传感层，即每隔一定时间检测第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化。由此，该控制组件可以实时监测水量传感层表面的水量，并根据水量进行加热除水。
S120：根据所述电容值变化确定水量
在该步骤中，根据前面步骤所述的电容值的变化，确定水量传感层表面的水量。根据本申请的实施例，如前所述，传感芯片通过检测第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电容值是否变化，即可判断是否有水滴落在该水量传感层表面。由此，该方法可以简便地检测水量多少。需要说明的是，该步骤中根据电容值变化确定的“水量”是间接确定的，也即是说，下面步骤中通过检测交叉位点处的电容值变化，可以确定电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N，该数量N的大小即可代表水量的多少；以及下面步骤中通过计算得到的电容值变化的交叉位点数量N和总的交叉位点数量M的比值n，该比值n也可代表水量的多少。
S130：根据所述水量发出所述控制指令
在该步骤中，根据前面步骤判断的水量的多少，微处理单元发出控制指令，控制加热单元智能地加热除水。根据本申请的实施例，当水量较多时，微处理单元可以控制加热层以较高的加热功率进行加热，例如，可利用驱动电路对加热层进行控制。当水量较少时，微处理单元可以控制加热单元以较低的加热功率进行加热。由此，该方法可以根据水量的多少，灵活而智能地选择不同的加热功率进行加热，既可以快速除水，又可以节省能源。
根据本申请的具体实施例，多个第一子电极和多个第二子电极之间可以形成有M个交叉位点，具体的，该交叉位点可以为前面所述的交叉位点，因此，该交叉位点具有前面所述的交叉位点所具有的全部特征，在此不再赘述。
具体的，参考图12，前面所述的根据第一电极层和第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定水量，并根据水量向加热单元发出控制指令可以进一步包括：
S111：检测交叉位点处的电容值变化，确定电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N
在该步骤中，控制组件检测交叉位点处的第一子电极和第二子电极之间的电容值变化，并确定电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N。
根据本申请的实施例，如前所述，当水滴落到该水量传感层的表面时，水滴和该交叉位点处的第一子电极以及第二子电极之间会形成耦合电容，因此带来负的模数转换器(ADC)感应量，因此传感芯片可以检测到电容的变化。也即是说，当传感芯片检测到交叉位点处的电容值相对于该交叉位点初始状态(初始状态可以为没有水滴的状态，或者可以为传感芯片上一次检测该交叉位点时的状态)的电容值发生了变化，并且电容的变化量超过一定阈值(即电容的变化量不小于水滴在该交叉位点处形成的耦合电容的电容值)时，即可证明该交叉位点处落有水滴，该交叉位点可以作为电容值发生变化的交叉位点。并且，由于该水量传感层上的交叉位点排列非常紧密，因此，当水滴落到该水量传感层表面时，可以覆盖数个交叉位点，并且，水滴的数量越多，所覆盖的交叉位点的数量N越多。因此，通过检测电容发生变化的交叉位点的数量N，即可简便地判断水量传感层表面的水量的多少。例如，电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数目N较多，则表明水量传感层表面被水滴覆盖的面积较大，即水量较多。由此，该方法可以简便地检测水量传感层表面的水量多少，即仅仅通过检测交叉位点处的电容值是否发生变化以及确定电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N，即可判断水量的多少，无需通过复杂的计算处理过程，计算电容值如何变化以及具体的电容值变化量等，因此，该方法较为简单，且检测性能良好。
S121：计算电容值变化的交叉位点数量N和总的交叉位点数量M的比值n
在该步骤中，控制组件中的传感芯片计算电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N和总的交叉位点的数量M的比值n。根据本申请的实施例，当落在水量传感层表面的水滴较多时，电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N较多，电容发生变化的交叉位点的数量占总的交叉位 点数量的比值n较大。因此，电容发生变化的交叉位点的数量占总的交叉位点数量的比值n即可反映水量的多少。
S131：根据比值n的大小，控制施加在加热层上的电压或者控制连接至驱动电路的总电阻值
在该步骤中，根据前面步骤计算的比值n的大小，控制施加在加热层上的电压，或者控制连接至驱动电路的加热电阻的总电阻值，以不同的加热功率进行加热除水。具体的，如前所述，施加在加热层上的电压较大或者和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的电阻值较大时，该加热层的加热功率较大，加热除水的速度较快。具体的，施加在加热层上的电压较小或者和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的电阻值较小时，该加热层的加热功率较小，可以节省能源。由此，通过简便地控制施加在金属导热膜上的电压或者简便地控制和连接至驱动电路的加热电阻的电阻值的大小，可以控制该加热层的加热除水速率，因而有利于根据水量的多少，选择合适的电压或合适的加热电阻的电阻值进行加热，有利于节能省电。根据本申请的实施例，上述步骤中，传感芯片计算出电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N和总的交叉位点的数量M的比值n之后，可以将该比值n的信号发送给控制组件中的微处理单元，微处理单元中可以预先根据不同的比值n的范围，预先设定相对应的控制指令。例如，微处理单元中，可以根据比值n从小到大的顺序，设置加热功率由小到大的加热档位，该由小到大的加热档位可以对应由小到大的电压或者对应由小到大的加热电阻，因此，当传感芯片将检测到的比值n发送至微处理单元时，微处理单元可以根据该n值所对应的加热档位，向加热层发出相应的控制指令，利用驱动电路控制施加在加热电阻上的电压，或者控制和驱动电路相连的总电阻值。
需要说明的是，前面步骤中检测交叉位点处的电容值变化，确定电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N之后，也可以直接根据电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N的大小，控制施加在加热层上的电压，或者控制连接至驱动电路的加热电阻的总电阻值，以不同的加热功率进行加热除水。具体的，电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N越大，驱动电路施加在加热电阻上的电压越大，或者和驱动电路相连的加热电阻的总电阻值越大。由此，通过简便地控制施加在金属导热膜上的电压或者简便地控制和连接至驱动电路的加热电阻的电阻值的大小，可以控制该加热层的加热除水速率，因而有利于根据水量的多少，选择合适的电压或合适的加热电阻的电阻值进行加热，有利于节能省电。
综上可知，该方法通过检测交叉位点处的电容值变化，并通过计算电容值发生变化的交叉位点所占的比例，可以简便地判断水量的覆盖面积以及水量的多少，并且，电容值发生变化的交叉位点所占比例较大时，加热层可以在较大电压或较大的加热电阻的电阻值下快速地加热除水；电容值发生变化的交叉位点所占比例较小时，加热层在较小的电压或较小 的加热电阻的电阻值下即可快速加热除水，比较节省能源。
根据本申请的具体实施例，参考图13，该方法可以进一步包括：
S20：根据n值的大小，控制组件作出判断
在该步骤中，根据前面步骤计算的n值的大小，控制组件作出判断。具体的，微处理单元中可以预先设定发出控制指令的条件，以便根据n值的大小，判断是否需要进行加热除水。
S30：比值n是否大于20％
在该步骤中，控制组件判断比值n是否大于20％。如前所述，微处理单元中可以预先设定发出控制指令的条件，例如可以预先设定比值n≤20％时，不发出控制指令，即传感芯片计算出的电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N和总的交叉位点的数量M的比值n小于20％时，加热层可以不进行加热除水(即S40：比值n小于20％，判断无需进行加热)。这是由于，发明人发现，当该除水装置应用到汽车后视镜中时，当比值n小于20％，说明此时雨量较小，镜面上聚集的雨水较少，由于镜面的疏水特性，大部分水滴会及时的滴落、离开镜面，因此镜面不会残留水滴以至于影响驾驶者视野，因此，当比值n小于20％，控制组件可以不发出控制指令，即加热层可以不工作。由此，既能保证后视镜正常使用，又能节省能源。
S50：比值n大于20％，判断需要进行加热
在该步骤中，比值n大于20％，判断需要进行加热。根据本申请的一些实施例，当比值n大于20％时，即可判断需要发出控制指令，以便加热层加热除水。具体的，微处理单元中可以预先设置3个加热档位，例如，加热档位A、加热档位B、以及加热档位C，加热档位A所对应的比值n的范围可以为20％≤n≤50％(即步骤S51)，加热档位A所对应的控制指令为第一控制指令(即步骤S61)，该第一控制指令可控制施加在加热层上的电压为第一电压V 1；加热档位B所对应的比值n的范围可以为50％＜n≤80％(即步骤S52)，加热档位B所对应的控制指令为第二控制指令(即步骤S61)，该第二控制指令可控制施加在加热层上的电压为第二电压V 2；加热档位C所对应的比值n的范围可以为80％＜n≤100％(即步骤S53)，加热档位C所对应的控制指令为第三控制指令(即步骤S63)，该第三控制指令可控制施加在加热层上的电压为第三电压V 3，并且，V 3＞V 2＞V 1。由此，当传感芯片计算出的电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N和总的交叉位点的数量M的比值n处于上述加热档位A、加热档位B、或者加热档位C的范围中时，微处理单元可以发出第一控制指令、第二控制指令或者第三控制指令，并且第一控制指令、第二控制指令以及第三控制指令所对应的施加在加热层上的电压值依次增大。
根据本申请的另一些实施例，当比值n大于20％时，即可判断需要发出控制指令，以便 加热层加热除水。具体的，微处理单元中可以预先设置3个加热档位，例如，加热档位A、加热档位B、以及加热档位C，加热档位A所对应的比值n的范围可以为20％≤n≤50％(即步骤S51)，加热档位A所对应的控制指令为第一控制指令(即步骤S61)，该第一控制指令可控制和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的总电阻值为第一加热电阻值R 1；加热档位B所对应的比值n的范围可以为50％＜n≤80％(即步骤S52)，加热档位B所对应的控制指令为第二控制指令(即步骤S61)，该第二控制指令可控制和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的总电阻值为第二加热电阻值R 2；加热档位C所对应的比值n的范围可以为80％＜n≤100％(即步骤S53)，加热档位C所对应的控制指令为第三控制指令(即步骤S63)，该第三控制指令可控制和驱动电路电连接的加热电阻的总电阻值为第三加热电阻值R 3，并且，R 3＞R 2＞R 1。由此，当传感芯片计算出的电容值发生变化的交叉位点的数量N和总的交叉位点的数量M的比值n处于上述加热档位A、加热档位B、或者加热档位C的范围中时，微处理单元可以发出第一控制指令、第二控制指令或者第三控制指令，并且第一控制指令、第二控制指令以及第三控制指令所对应的和驱动电路连接的加热电阻的总电阻值依次增大。
S200：加热层根据所述控制指令加热
在该步骤中，加热层根据前面步骤中，控制组件发出的控制指令进行加热除水。根据本申请的实施例，根据前面步骤中发出的不同的控制指令，控制加热层以不同的加热功率进行加热。当水量传感层表面的水量较多时，施加在该加热层上的电压较大或采用较大的加热电阻进行加热，该加热层的加热功率较大；当水量传感层表面的水量较少时，施加在该加热层上的电压较小或者采用较小的加热电阻进行加热，该加热层的加热功率较小。由此，可以根据水量的多少，灵活而智能地选择是否进行加热除水，以及加热除水的电压或加热电阻的大小，不仅能智能地快速地加热除水，而且能节省能源。
根据本申请的实施例，参考图13中的箭头C所示出的，根据前面的步骤判断无需进行加热，或者加热单元根据控制指令加热后(图中未示出)一段时间内，控制组件可再次检测交叉位点处的电容值变化。具体的，传感芯片可以周期性地每隔一定时间扫描一次水量传感层，即每隔一定时间检测第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化。由此，该方法可以实时监测水量传感层表面的水量，并根据水量进行加热除水。
综上可知，根据本申请实施例的利用除水装置的除水方法，该方法可根据水量的多少，智能地加热除水，且除水较为迅速，除水效果良好。
以上详细描述了本申请的实施方式，但是，本申请并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本申请的技术构思范围内，可以对本申请的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本申请的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情 况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。
此外，本申请的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本申请的思想，其同样应当视为本申请所公开的内容。
在本申请的描述中，术语“外”、“背面”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请而不是要求本申请必须以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“另一个实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例中。在本申请中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。另外，需要说明的是，本申请中，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种除水装置，包括：
    检测单元，所述检测单元被配置为检测水量，并发出控制指令；以及
    加热单元，所述加热单元被配置为接收所述控制指令，并根据所述控制指令进行加热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的除水装置，所述检测单元包括水量传感层以及控制组件，所述水量传感层被配置为与外界接触，以对所述水量进行检测，并向所述控制组件发送反映水量的信号，所述控制组件被配置为接收所述反映水量的信号，并发出所述控制指令。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的除水装置，所述水量传感层包括相对设置且互相绝缘的第一电极层以及第二电极层，所述第一电极层包括多个沿第一方向平行排列的第一子电极，所述第二电极层包括多个沿第二方向平行排列的第二子电极，其中，所述第一方向与所述第二方向交叉。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的除水装置，所述控制组件可根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定所述水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的除水装置，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括加热电阻。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的除水装置，所述加热层包括多个所述加热电阻。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的除水装置，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述控制组件可基于所述水量，利用所述驱动电路控制施加在所述加热电阻上的电压。
  8. 根据权利要求4所述的除水装置，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括多个加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述控制组件可基于所述水量，利用所述驱动电路控制和所述驱动电路相连的总电阻值。
  9. 根据权利要求5-8任一项所述的除水装置，所述加热层的厚度为0.1-0.5mm。
  10. 根据权利要求5-9任一项所述的除水装置，所述加热层的光透过率均不小于85％。
  11. 根据权利要求2-10任一项所述的除水装置，所述水量传感层的光透过率不小于85％。
  12. 一种除水系统，包括：
    主体；以及
    权利要求1-11任一项所述的除水装置。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的除水系统，所述除水装置的检测单元包括水量传感层以及控制组件，所述除水装置的加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层以及所述水量传感层层叠设置在所述主体的外表面上，且所述加热层靠近所述主体设置。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的除水系统，所述主体包括汽车后视镜、汽车挡风玻璃、玻璃幕墙或室外显示器。
  15. 一种利用除水装置的除水方法，包括：
    检测单元检测水量，并向加热单元发出控制指令；
    所述加热单元接收所述控制指令，并根据所述控制指令进行加热，以去除所述除水装置表面的水。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，所述检测单元包括水量传感层以及控制组件，所述水量传感层被配置为与外界接触，以对所述水量进行检测，所述水量传感层包括相对设置且互相绝缘的第一电极层以及第二电极层，所述第一电极层包括多个沿第一方向平行排列的第一子电极，所述第二电极层包括多个沿第二方向平行排列的第二子电极，所述第一方向和所述第二方向交叉；
    所述检测单元检测水量，并向加热单元发出控制指令进一步包括：
    所述控制组件根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定所述水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：
    利用所述驱动电路基于所述水量，控制施加在所述加热电阻上的电压。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的方法，多个所述第一子电极和多个所述第二子电极之间形成有M个交叉位点，所述根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定所述水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：
    分别测定M个所述交叉位点处的电容值，并确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N；
    基于所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令以向所述加热电阻施加电压，所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N越大，所述驱动电路施加在所述加热电阻上的电压越大。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的方法，确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N之后，所述方法进一步包括：
    所述控制组件计算所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N和M的比值n；
    基于所述比值n的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令以向所述加热电阻施加电压，所述比值n越大，所述驱动电路施加在所述加热电阻上的电压越大。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的方法，所述控制组件基于所述比值n的大小，发出不同的所述控制指令进一步包括：
    所述比值n的范围为0％≤n≤20％时，所述控制组件不发出所述控制指令；
    所述比值n的范围为20％＜n≤50％时，所述控制组件发出第一控制指令，控制施加在所述加热层的电压为第一电压V 1；
    所述比值n的范围为50％＜n≤80％时，所述控制组件发出第二控制指令，控制施加在所述加热层的电压为第二电压V 2；
    所述比值n的范围为80％＜n≤100％时，所述控制组件发出第三控制指令，控制施加在所述加热层的电压为第三电压V 3，其中，V 3＞V 2＞V 1。
  21. 根据权利要求16所述的方法，所述加热单元包括加热层，所述加热层包括多个加热电阻，所述控制组件包括驱动电路，所述根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：
    利用所述驱动电路基于所述水量，控制和所述驱动电路相连的总电阻值。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法，多个所述第一子电极和多个所述第二子电极之间形成有M个交叉位点，所述根据所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层之间的电容值变化确定所述水量，并根据所述水量向所述加热单元发出所述控制指令进一步包括：
    分别测定M个所述交叉位点处的电容值，并确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N；
    基于所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令以控制连接至所述驱动电路的所述加热电阻的总电阻值，所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N越大，连接至所述驱动电路的总电阻值越大。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的方法，确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N之后，所述方法进一步包括：
    所述控制组件计算所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N和M的比值n；
    基于所述比值n的大小，所述控制组件发出不同的所述控制指令以控制连接至所述驱动电路的所述加热电阻的总电阻值，所述比值n越大，连接至所述驱动电路的总电阻值越大。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，所述控制组件基于所述比值n的大小，发出不同的所述控制指令进一步包括：
    所述比值n的范围为0％≤n≤20％时，所述控制组件不发出所述控制指令；
    所述比值n的范围为20％＜n≤50％时，所述控制组件发出第一控制指令，控制和所述驱动电路连接的所述加热电阻的总电阻值为第一加热电阻值R 1；
    所述比值n的范围为50％＜n≤80％时，所述控制组件发出第二控制指令，控制和所述驱动电路连接的所述加热电阻的总电阻值为第二加热电阻值R 2；
    所述比值n的范围为80％＜n≤100％时，所述控制组件发出第三控制指令，控制和所述驱动电路连接的所述加热电阻的总电阻值为第三加热电阻值R 3，其中，R 3＞R 2＞R 1。
  25. 根据权利要求18-20、22-24中任一项所述的方法，所述确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N进一步包括：
    所述控制组件每隔一定时间，对M个所述交叉位点处的电容值进行测定，并比对前次测定时所述交叉位点处的电容值，以确定所述电容值发生变化的所述交叉位点的数量N。
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