WO2020140379A1 - 一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝及焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝及焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2020140379A1
WO2020140379A1 PCT/CN2019/089359 CN2019089359W WO2020140379A1 WO 2020140379 A1 WO2020140379 A1 WO 2020140379A1 CN 2019089359 W CN2019089359 W CN 2019089359W WO 2020140379 A1 WO2020140379 A1 WO 2020140379A1
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Prior art keywords
welding
manganese
temperature steel
submerged arc
welding wire
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PCT/CN2019/089359
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙超
李东晖
尹雨群
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南京钢铁股份有限公司
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Priority to JP2021538958A priority Critical patent/JP7193650B2/ja
Priority to EP19907499.8A priority patent/EP3892416A4/en
Publication of WO2020140379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140379A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
    • B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
    • B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding wire and a welding method for submerged arc welding of high manganese low temperature steel.
  • the submerged arc welding method is widely used in the welding of structures such as liquefied natural gas storage tanks due to its advantages of high automation, controllable welding quality, and high welding efficiency.
  • the manganese content of high-manganese low-temperature steel is about 24%, and the structure type is austenite.
  • 9% Ni steel welding wire is usually used as a substitute, such as ERNiCrMo-3, ERNiCrMo-4, etc.
  • the nickel content of these welding materials is as high as more than 50%, so the price is expensive.
  • Patent CN201710194206 discloses a full-automatic submerged arc welding solid wire for high-manganese steel for the preparation of LNG storage tanks, with a manganese content of 23 to 26%.
  • Patent CN201710194314 discloses a gas-shielded welding wire suitable for working temperature of -196°C, with a manganese content of 24-26%.
  • South Korea's Posco has also developed a special high-manganese welding consumable product for high-manganese steel, with a manganese content of about 22%.
  • These high-manganese welding consumables have the advantage of low alloy cost, but because of the high content of manganese elements, toxic manganese volatilization is easily formed during the welding process, which requires special welding equipment and is difficult to use.
  • the present invention provides a welding wire for submerged arc welding of high manganese low temperature steel.
  • the chemical composition and mass percentage are as follows: C: 0.2% to 0.4%, Mn: 12% to 15%, Ni: 16 % To 20%, Cr: 2% to 5%, P ⁇ 0.004%, S ⁇ 0.002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the present invention adopts an alloy design of compound addition of manganese and nickel, which reduces the content of expensive elements such as nickel, thereby reducing the alloy cost of the welding wire; at the same time, the manganese element is controlled within a certain content to avoid excessively high manganese content during the welding process
  • the formation of toxic manganese in the volatilization reduces the difficulty of using the welding wire.
  • the adopted manganese-nickel composition design has good compatibility with the high-manganese low-temperature steel base material, and the composition is simple, which is suitable for the conventional welding wire manufacturing method.
  • the weld metal formed by the welding wire has excellent impact toughness at a low temperature of -196°C, which satisfies the welding requirements of high-manganese low-temperature steel used in the construction of LNG storage tanks and other equipment.
  • the aforementioned welding wire for submerged arc welding of high manganese low temperature steel has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.29%, Mn: 14.1%, Ni: 17%, Cr: 3.1%, P ⁇ 0.004% , S ⁇ 0.002%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the aforementioned welding wire for submerged arc welding of high manganese low temperature steel has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.2%, Mn: 15%, Ni: 16%, Cr: 5%, P ⁇ 0.004% , S ⁇ 0.002%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the aforementioned welding wire for submerged arc welding of high manganese low temperature steel has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.4%, Mn: 12%, Ni: 20%, Cr: 2%, P ⁇ 0.004% , S ⁇ 0.002%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the aforementioned welding wire for submerged arc welding of high manganese low temperature steel has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.27%, Mn: 13.8%, Ni: 17.5%, Cr: 3%, W: 3.2% , Mo: 0.6%, Ti: 0.04%, Nb: 0.05%, N: 0.06%, P ⁇ 0.004%, S ⁇ 0.002%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a welding wire welding method for high-manganese low-temperature steel submerged arc welding, using a welding wire with a diameter of 2 to 4 mm, a submerged arc welding method, a welding thickness of 15 to 30 mm, and a Mn content of more than 20 % High-manganese low-temperature steel plate, the groove is V-shaped, the welding current is 400-560A, the arc voltage is 25-32V, the angle of one side groove is 30°, the welding speed is 30-55cm/min, the welding heat input is 16 ⁇ 23kJ/cm.
  • the present invention is applied to high-manganese low-temperature steel welding. Compared with existing high-nickel (nickel mass percentage is more than 50%) welding materials, the cost is reduced by more than two thirds, the cost advantage is significant, and the high cost can be greatly reduced The welding cost of manganese cryogenic steel used in the construction of LNG storage tanks and other equipment;
  • Ni can significantly improve the stability of austenite, and it is not easy to form harmful carbides or segregation
  • the form weakens the grain boundary, and can also improve the low-temperature impact performance of the welded joint.
  • Ni is expensive, and a large amount of addition will make the material cost significantly increase, so consider reducing the Ni content, but When the Ni content is too low, not only does it not have a sufficient effect of stabilizing austenite, but it is also not conducive to improving the performance of the welded joint; therefore, the Ni content in the welding wire of the present invention is controlled at 16-20%, which is different from the existing low temperature Compared with the Ni content of steel, the Ni content of steel is reduced by more than two thirds, which greatly reduces the cost of the alloy;
  • Mn also has a strong Stabilize the effect of austenite, and also improve the strength of austenite by solid solution strengthening; in the present invention, Mn content of 12% or more and other elements can obtain a stable austenite structure, at -196 °C It can still keep the crystal structure stable; however, excessively high content of Mn tends to segregate at the grain boundary and weaken the grain boundary, thereby reducing the low-temperature impact toughness. More importantly, if the Mn element is too high, it easily forms Mn vapor in the molten metal state.
  • the present invention controls the Mn content to 15% or less, which can significantly reduce the Mn volatilization of the molten metal during the welding process and improve the ease of use of the welding wire; meanwhile, compared with the existing welding wire designed with a high nickel content
  • the medium-high manganese composition design adopted by the present invention is closer to the chemical composition of the high-manganese steel base material, so the concentration gradient of manganese element in the welded joint is reduced, thereby reducing the changes in the structure and performance of the welding fusion line.
  • the composition of the welding wire and the base material Has good compatibility;
  • Cr can also lower the martensitic transformation temperature, and can also produce a solid solution strengthening effect.
  • the content of 2% or more can play a role in the present invention, but when the content of Cr in the present invention is greater than 5% , It is easy to form coarse carbide precipitation at the grain boundary and reduce the grain boundary strength, thereby reducing the impact toughness;
  • C has a significant effect of lowering the martensite transformation temperature and improving the stability of austenite, and has a significant solid solution strengthening effect, but if the content is too high, it will lead to an excessively high strengthening effect and coarse carbonization Precipitation, which reduces the impact toughness, therefore, the present invention controls the C content in the optimal range of 0.2 to 0.4%;
  • the present invention strictly controls the content of P and S. These two elements gather at the grain boundary to cause liquefaction cracks and reheat cracks in the weld metal, which seriously reduces the low-temperature impact toughness of the weld metal and the weld joint. S will also Forming MnS with Mn deteriorates the mechanical properties of the weld metal. Therefore, the present invention requires P ⁇ 0.004% and S ⁇ 0.002% to reduce the adverse effects of these two elements on the weld metal;
  • the welding wire for submerged arc welding of high-manganese low-temperature steel provided in this embodiment has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.29%, Mn: 14.1%, Ni: 17%, Cr: 3.1%, P ⁇ 0.004 %, S ⁇ 0.002%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the welding method is: the diameter of the welding wire used is 2.4mm, the submerged arc welding method is used, and the high manganese low temperature steel plate with a thickness of 21mm and a Mn content of 23.8% is welded.
  • the groove of the high-manganese low-temperature steel plate is V-shaped, the angle of the groove on one side is 30°C, the flux is INCOFLUX9 (SMC), the welding current is 410A, the arc voltage is 27V, the welding speed is 34cm/min, and the welding heat input is 18kJ/ cm.
  • the impact absorption energy KV 2 is 69J
  • the microstructure of the weld metal is austenite
  • the welding wire for submerged arc welding of high-manganese low-temperature steel provided in this embodiment has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.2%, Mn: 15%, Ni: 16%, Cr: 5%, P ⁇ 0.004 %, S ⁇ 0.002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the welding method is: the diameter of the welding wire used is 4mm, the submerged arc welding method is used, and the high manganese low temperature steel plate with a thickness of 18mm and a Mn content of 24% by mass is used.
  • the groove of the high-manganese low-temperature steel plate is V-shaped, the angle of the groove on one side is 30°C, the flux is INCOFLUX9 (SMC), the welding current is 550A, the arc voltage is 30V, the welding speed is 51cm/min, and the welding heat input is 19kJ/ cm.
  • the impact absorption energy KV 2 is 46J
  • the microstructure of the weld metal is austenite
  • no Solidification cracks and reheat cracks occur which meet the requirements of low temperature toughness of weld metal when high manganese steel and low temperature steel are used in the construction of LNG storage tanks and other equipment.
  • This embodiment provides a welding wire for submerged arc welding of high-manganese low-temperature steel, the chemical composition and mass percentage are as follows: C: 0.4%, Mn: 12%, Ni: 20%, Cr: 2%, P ⁇ 0.004 %, S ⁇ 0.002%, the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the welding method is: the diameter of the welding wire used is 2.4mm, the submerged arc welding method is used, and the high manganese low temperature steel plate with a thickness of 25mm and a Mn content of 22.5% is welded.
  • the groove of the high-manganese low-temperature steel plate is V-shaped, the angle of the groove on one side is 30°C, the welding current of INCOFLUX9 (SMC) is 430A, the arc voltage is 30V, the welding speed is 37cm/min, and the welding heat input is 21kJ/cm .
  • the impact absorption energy KV 2 is 77J
  • the microstructure of the weld metal is austenite
  • the reheat cracking meets the low temperature toughness requirements of weld metal when high manganese steel and low temperature steel are used in the construction of LNG storage tanks and other equipment.
  • the welding wire for submerged arc welding of high-manganese low-temperature steel provided in this embodiment has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.27%, Mn: 13.8%, Ni: 17.5%, Cr: 3%, W: 3.2 %, Mo: 0.6%, Ti: 0.04%, Nb: 0.05%, N: 0.06%, P ⁇ 0.004%, S ⁇ 0.002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
  • the welding method is: the diameter of the welding wire used is 2.4mm, the submerged arc welding method is used, and the high manganese low temperature steel plate with a thickness of 21mm and a Mn content of 23.8% is welded.
  • the groove of the high-manganese low-temperature steel plate is V-shaped, the angle of the groove on one side is 30°C, the welding current of INCOFLUX9 (SMC) is 405A, the arc voltage is 27V, the welding speed is 34cm/min, and the welding heat input is 18kJ/cm .
  • the impact absorption energy KV 2 is 86J
  • the microstructure of the weld metal is austenite
  • the invention provides a low-cost, easy-to-use welding wire for submerged arc welding of high-manganese low-temperature steel.
  • the weld metal formed by the welding wire has excellent low-temperature impact toughness, which satisfies the use of high-manganese steel low-temperature steel for the construction of LNG storage tanks Requirements for welding when waiting for equipment.
  • the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

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Abstract

一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝及焊接方法，焊丝的化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％～0.4％，Mn：12％～15％，Ni：16％～20％，Cr：2％～5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。

Description

一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝及焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及焊接技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝及焊接方法。
背景技术
液化天然气(沸点-162℃)、液氧(沸点-183℃)和液氮(沸点-196℃)等物质的储存及运输需要在低温条件下服役的结构材料，主要力学性能要求是在低温下具有足够的冲击韧性。作为常用的低温钢，9％Ni钢和Cr-Ni奥氏体不锈钢等材料都需要添加大量昂贵的镍元素，因此成本高。近年来，高锰低温钢作为一种前沿的新型低温材料受到广泛关注，其专用配套焊材开发也是极为重要的工作。
埋弧焊接方法由于自动化程度高、焊接质量可控，以及焊接效率高等优点广泛应用于液化天然气储罐等结构的焊接。高锰低温钢的锰含量为24％左右，组织类型为奥氏体，在没有专用配套焊丝的情况下，通常使用9％Ni钢的焊丝作为替代，如ERNiCrMo-3、ERNiCrMo-4等。这些焊材的镍含量高达50％以上，因而价格昂贵。从另一方面考虑，母材与焊材成分中锰和镍的差异过大，不利于焊接接头熔合线附近组织与性能的控制。随着高锰低温钢的开发日渐成熟，近年来也出现了专为高锰低温钢设计的焊材。专利CN201710194206公开了一种制备LNG贮罐的高锰钢用全自动埋弧焊实芯焊丝，锰含量为23～26％。专利CN201710194314公开了一种适用于-196℃工作温度的熔化极气体保护焊焊丝，锰含量为24～26％。韩国浦项也为高锰钢开发了专用的高锰焊材产品，锰含量为22％左右。这些高锰焊材具有合金成本低的优势显著，但由于高含量锰元素在焊接过程中容易形成有毒性的锰挥发，需要专用焊接设备，使用难度大。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明提供一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝， 其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％～0.4％，Mn：12％～15％，Ni：16％～20％，Cr：2％～5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
技术效果：本发明采用复合添加锰和镍的合金设计，降低了镍等昂贵元素含量，因而降低了焊丝的合金成本；同时将锰元素控制在一定含量以内，避免了过高锰含量在焊接过程中形成有毒性锰挥发，因而降低了焊丝的使用难度。所采用的锰-镍成分设计与高锰低温钢母材有良好的相容性，且成分简单、适用于常规的焊丝制造方法。焊丝所形成的焊缝金属在-196℃的低温下具有优良的冲击韧性，很好的满足了高锰低温钢用于建造液化天然气储罐等设备时对焊接的要求。
本发明进一步限定的技术方案是：
进一步的，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％～0.4％，Mn：12％～15％，Ni：16％～20％，Cr：2％～5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，W：2％～4％，Mo：0.1％～1.2％，Ti：0.01％～0.2％，Nb：0.01％～0.2％，N：0.02％～0.1％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
前所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.29％，Mn：14.1％，Ni：17％，Cr：3.1％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
前所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％，Mn：15％，Ni：16％，Cr：5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
前所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.4％，Mn：12％，Ni：20％，Cr：2％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
前所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比 如下：C：0.27％，Mn：13.8％，Ni：17.5％，Cr：3％，W：3.2％，Mo：0.6％，Ti：0.04％，Nb：0.05％，N：0.06％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝焊接方法，采用直径为2～4mm的焊丝，采用埋弧焊法，焊接厚度为15～30mm、Mn含量大于20％的高锰低温钢板，坡口为V型，焊接电流为400～560A，电弧电压为25～32V，单侧坡口角度为30°，焊接速度为30～55cm/min，焊接热输入为16～23kJ/cm。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明应用于高锰低温钢焊接，与现有的高镍(镍的质量百分数为50％以上)焊材相比成本降低三分之二以上，成本优势显著，能够大幅度降低高锰低温钢用于建造液化天然气储罐等设备的焊接成本；
(2)本发明采用了Mn、Ni为主要合金元素的化学成分设计，获得了稳定的奥氏体组织，Ni能够显著提高奥氏体稳定性，而且不容易形成有害碳化物或是以偏聚形式弱化晶界，此外还能够改善焊接接头低温冲击性能，是非常理想的低温钢焊材合金元素；但是，Ni的价格昂贵，大量添加将使得材料成本显著增加，因此考虑将Ni含量降低，但当Ni含量过低时，不仅起不到足够的稳定奥氏体的效果，而且也不利于改善焊接接头性能；因此，本发明焊丝中的Ni含量控制在16～20％，与现有的低温钢高Ni焊丝相比Ni含量降低三分之二以上，大大降低了合金成本；
(3)本发明中为了弥补N元素降低造成的奥氏体稳定性降低，需要配合添加其他的奥氏体稳定化合金元素，作为一种非常有效的Ni的替代元素，Mn也具有很强的稳定奥氏体的作用，同时也能够以固溶强化方式提高奥氏体的强度；在本发明中，含量12％及以上的Mn配合其他元素能够获得稳定的奥氏体组织， 在-196℃仍然能够保持晶体结构稳定；但是，含量过高的Mn容易在晶界偏聚并弱化晶界，从而降低低温冲击韧性，更为重要的是，Mn元素过高容易在熔融金属状态下形成Mn蒸气挥发，严重损害焊接施工人员身体健康，造成环境污染；真空脱气实验结果表明，Mn的质量百分数为15％及以下时，熔融状态的焊丝金属在3mbar真空度下脱气10min后，Mn的质量百分数降低不超过0.2％，挥发现象不明显，而当Mn的质量百分数高于22％时，同样条件的真空脱气处理后，Mn挥发现象严重，Mn含量过高时其质量百分数降低可能超过1％；因此，本发明将Mn含量控制在15％及以下，能够显著减少焊接过程中熔融金属的Mn挥发，提高了焊丝的易使用性；同时，与采用高镍成分设计的现有焊丝相比，本发明采用的中高锰成分设计，更接近高锰钢母材的化学成分，因此降低了焊接接头的锰元素浓度梯度，从而减小了焊接熔合线附近组织与性能变化，焊丝与母材成分具有良好的相容性；
(4)本发明中Cr也能够降低马氏体转变温度，同时也能够产生固溶强化效果，2％及以上的含量能够在本发明中发挥作用，但是当本发明中Cr含量大于5％时，容易在晶界处形成粗大碳化物析出并降低晶界强度，从而降低冲击韧性；
(5)本发明中C具有显著的降低马氏体转变温度、提高奥氏体稳定性的效果，而且具有显著的固溶强化效果，但含量过高时将导致过高的强化效果以及粗大碳化物析出，从而降低冲击韧性，因此，本发明将C含量控制在0.2～0.4％的最佳范围；
(6)本发明严格控制P与S的含量，这两种元素在晶界偏聚会导致焊缝金属产生液化裂纹与再热裂纹，严重降低焊缝金属及焊接接头的低温冲击韧性，S还会与Mn形成MnS，恶化焊缝金属力学性能，因此，本发明要求P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，以降低这两种元素对焊缝金属的不利影响；
(7)本发明中在以奥氏体相为主的焊缝金属凝固时，为降低凝固裂纹倾向，添加2～4％的W，能够以减小凝固温度区间并降低出现凝固裂纹的倾向，为抑制 晶界处的粗大碳化物析出；添加0.1～1.2％的Mo，同时Mo的添加也有利于提高焊缝金属强度；添加0.01～0.2％Ti能够阻碍热循环过程中的晶粒粗化，从而减小晶粒尺寸，有利于改善焊缝金属的力学性能；为提高焊缝金属性能，可以添加0.01～0.2％Nb形成细小而弥散的碳化物析出，在提高强度的同时，也有利于细化晶粒从而改善低温韧性；此外，添加0.02～0.1％的氮元素产生固溶强化作用以改善焊缝金属力学性能；
(8)本发明设计的焊丝形成的焊缝金属的V型试样-196℃夏比摆锤冲击试验冲击吸收能量≥34J。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.29％，Mn：14.1％，Ni：17％，Cr：3.1％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
其焊接方法为：所用焊丝的直径为2.4mm，采用埋弧焊方法，焊接厚度为21mm、Mn含量为23.8％的高锰低温钢板。高锰低温钢板的坡口为V型，单侧坡口角度为30℃，焊剂使用INCOFLUX9(SMC)，焊接电流为410A，电弧电压为27V，焊接速度为34cm/min，焊接热输入为18kJ/cm。
焊丝形成的焊缝金属的V型试样-196℃夏比摆锤冲击试验(国标GB/T229--2007)冲击吸收能量KV 2为69J，焊缝金属的显微组织为奥氏体，没有出现凝固裂纹及再热裂纹，满足高锰钢低温钢用于建造液化天然气储罐等设备时对焊缝金属低温韧性的要求。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％，Mn：15％，Ni：16％，Cr：5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％， 余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
其焊接方法为：所用焊丝的直径为4mm，采用埋弧焊方法，焊接厚度为18mm、Mn含量为质量百分数24％的高锰低温钢板。高锰低温钢板的坡口为V型，单侧坡口角度为30℃，焊剂使用INCOFLUX9(SMC),焊接电流为550A，电弧电压为30V，焊接速度为51cm/min，焊接热输入为19kJ/cm。
焊丝形成的焊缝金属的V型试样-196℃夏比摆锤冲击试验(国标GB/T229--2007)冲击吸收能量KV 2为46J，焊缝金属的显微组织为奥氏体，没有出现凝固裂纹及再热裂纹，满足高锰钢低温钢用于建造液化天然气储罐等设备时对焊缝金属低温韧性的要求。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.4％，Mn：12％，Ni：20％，Cr：2％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
其焊接方法为：所用焊丝的直径为2.4mm，采用埋弧焊方法，焊接厚度为25mm、Mn含量为22.5％的高锰低温钢板。高锰低温钢板的坡口为V型，单侧坡口角度为30℃，焊剂使用INCOFLUX9(SMC)焊接电流为430A，电弧电压为30V，焊接速度为37cm/min，焊接热输入为21kJ/cm。
焊丝形成的V型试样-196℃夏比摆锤冲击试验(国标GB/T229--2007)冲击吸收能量KV 2为77J，焊缝金属的显微组织为奥氏体，没有出现凝固裂纹及再热裂纹，满足高锰钢低温钢用于建造液化天然气储罐等设备时对焊缝金属低温韧性的要求。
实施例4
本实施例提供的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.27％，Mn：13.8％，Ni：17.5％，Cr：3％，W：3.2％，Mo：0.6％， Ti：0.04％，Nb：0.05％，N：0.06％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
其焊接方法为：所用焊丝的直径为2.4mm，采用埋弧焊方法，焊接厚度为21mm、Mn含量为23.8％的高锰低温钢板。高锰低温钢板的坡口为V型，单侧坡口角度为30℃，焊剂使用INCOFLUX9(SMC)焊接电流为405A，电弧电压为27V，焊接速度为34cm/min，焊接热输入为18kJ/cm。
焊丝形成的焊缝金属的V型试样-196℃夏比摆锤冲击试验(国标GB/T229--2007)冲击吸收能量KV 2为86J，焊缝金属的显微组织为奥氏体，没有出现凝固裂纹及再热裂纹，满足高锰钢低温钢用于建造液化天然气储罐等设备时对焊缝金属低温韧性的要求。
本发明提供了一种低成本、易使用的用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，焊丝形成的焊缝金属具有优异的低温冲击韧性，满足高锰钢低温钢用于建造液化天然气储罐等设备时对焊接的要求。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％～0.4％，Mn：12％～15％，Ni：16％～20％，Cr：2％～5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％～0.4％，Mn：12％～15％，Ni：16％～20％，Cr：2％～5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，W：2％～4％，Mo：0.1％～1.2％，Ti：0.01％～0.2％，Nb：0.01％～0.2％，N：0.02％～0.1％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.29％，Mn：14.1％，Ni：17％，Cr：3.1％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.2％，Mn：15％，Ni：16％，Cr：5％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.4％，Mn：12％，Ni：20％，Cr：2％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C：0.27％，Mn：13.8％，Ni：17.5％，Cr：3％，W：3.2％，Mo：0.6％，Ti：0.04％，Nb：0.05％，N：0.06％，P≤0.004％，S≤0.002％，余量为Fe及不可避免的杂质。
  7. 一种用于高锰低温钢埋弧焊接的焊丝焊接方法，其特征在于：采用直径为2～4mm的焊丝，采用埋弧焊法，焊接厚度为15～30mm、Mn含量大于20％的高锰低温钢板，坡口为V型，焊接电流为400～560A，电弧电压为25～32V，单侧坡口角度为30°，焊接速度为30～55cm/min，焊接热输入为16～23kJ/cm。
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