WO2020140349A1 - 一种高精度自动调平用喷头和3d打印机 - Google Patents

一种高精度自动调平用喷头和3d打印机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020140349A1
WO2020140349A1 PCT/CN2019/084405 CN2019084405W WO2020140349A1 WO 2020140349 A1 WO2020140349 A1 WO 2020140349A1 CN 2019084405 W CN2019084405 W CN 2019084405W WO 2020140349 A1 WO2020140349 A1 WO 2020140349A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nozzle
throat
heating block
heat sink
throat pipe
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PCT/CN2019/084405
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李中秋
韩成超
张伟
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上海远铸智能技术有限公司
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Publication of WO2020140349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140349A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle and a 3D printer.
  • 3D printer also known as 3D printer, is a kind of cumulative manufacturing technology, that is, a machine of rapid prototyping technology. It is based on a digital model file and uses special wax materials, powdered metals or plastics and other bondable materials. Print layers of adhesive material to create three-dimensional objects.
  • common leveling function components usually extend the nozzle up and down to trigger the sensor, or form a combination of "heating block, nozzle and throat” to achieve up and down expansion and trigger the sensor , which in turn causes the heating rod and temperature sensor cable to be easily pulled during the leveling process, thereby increasing the resistance of the nozzle to the printing platform and increasing the deformation of the printing platform; and due to the overall nozzle or the "heating block, nozzle and The "joint throat” forms a larger mass. After contact with the printing platform, the printing platform receives a greater force from the nozzle, which in turn increases the deformation of the printing platform and reduces the leveling accuracy of the printing platform.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-precision self-leveling nozzle and 3D printer, which reduces the force of the nozzle on the printing platform during the contact between the nozzle and the printing platform, thereby reducing the possibility of deformation of the printing platform and increasing The leveling accuracy of the printing platform has been improved.
  • a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle includes: a heat sink for mounting on a 3D printer, a carrier board is connected to the heat sink, a heating block is further provided on the carrier board, the heat sink and the The heating block is arranged on the same side of the carrier plate; the throat pipe, one end of the throat pipe is penetrated in the heat sink, the other end of the throat pipe is penetrated in the heating block, the throat pipe Sliding along the axial direction of the heat sink and the heating block, the throat tube abuts on the inner wall of the heating block, the end of the throat tube near the heating block is also provided with a nozzle ;
  • the heating block is provided with a limiter for throat or nozzle abutment, the limiter is provided on the side of the throat near the nozzle;
  • the heat sink is provided with a position sensor, the A trigger piece for contacting the position sensor is provided on the throat pipe, and the position sensor is disposed on a side of the trigger piece away from the nozzle.
  • a preset distance is provided between the nozzle and the limiting table.
  • the setting of the preset spacing reduces the possibility that the molten printing material will contact the limit stop after rising along the nozzle, that is, the possibility that the nozzle and the throat pipe will be stuck on the limit stop is reduced , Increase the reliability of the nozzle.
  • the limiting table is screwed into the heating block, and the axis of the limiting table coincides with the axis of the throat.
  • the setting of the screw-connected limit table realizes the detachable connection of the heating block and the limit table, and also realizes the adjustment of the preset spacing, which increases the scope of application of the spray head.
  • an extension table is provided on the nozzle, and the extension table surrounds the outer side of the limiting table or the outer side of the heating block.
  • the molten printing material extension nozzle can be raised, and the extension platform can be raised, reducing the movement of the molten printing material into the gap between the nozzle, the limit table, and the heating block
  • the possibility that the nozzle and the throat pipe are stuck on the limit table or the heating block is reduced, and the reliability of the spray head is increased.
  • a spring one end of the spring is disposed in the throat tube, and the other end of the spring is disposed in the fin, and the axis of the spring coincides with the axis of the throat tube.
  • the spring is disposed at an end of the throat away from the nozzle.
  • the trigger piece is disposed between the spring and the throat.
  • the setting of the position of the trigger piece realizes the detachable connection of the trigger piece and the throat tube, which is convenient for the user to replace the trigger piece and increase the reliability of the nozzle; and the user can also select the corresponding trigger piece for different nozzles , Increase the scope of application of the nozzle.
  • the head is detachably connected to the heat sink, and the spring is connected to the heat sink through the head.
  • the setting of the detachable head is convenient for the user to replace the spring, and it is convenient for the user to replace the spring with a different elastic coefficient, thereby increasing the interchangeability and reliability of the spray head.
  • the head is screwed to the heat sink.
  • the arrangement of the head connected by the screw thread is convenient for adjusting the distance between the head and the throat, and then the length of the spring is limited, and then the spring elasticity is adjusted.
  • an end of the throat near the head is provided with an abutment groove
  • an end of the head near the throat is also provided with an abutment block that abuts the abutment groove.
  • the throat pipe includes a first connecting pipe and a second connecting pipe, the first connecting pipe is close to the heat sink, the second connecting pipe is close to the heating block, and the thermal conductivity of the second connecting pipe Stronger than the thermal conductivity of the first connecting tube.
  • the heating block when the thermal conductivity of the second connection tube at the lower end is good, the heating block can quickly melt the printing material and realize the printing function, and when the thermal conductivity of the first connection tube at the upper end is poor, the heating is reduced
  • the effect of the block on the printing material in the first connecting tube reduces the possibility of the printing material in the first connecting tube being melted, reduces the possibility that the upper end of the first connecting tube is difficult to continue to transport the printing material, and increases the transport of the printing material in the throat Reliability.
  • it also includes a fan provided on the carrier board, and a ventilation slot is also opened on the carrier board.
  • the arrangement of the fan and the ventilation slot reduces the possibility that the printing material in the throat pipe at the upper end is melted, and increases the reliability of the printing material during transmission.
  • the heat sink is provided with a communication groove through which the trigger sheet passes, and the position sensor is disposed outside the heat sink.
  • the user does not need to set the position sensor inside the heat sink, which facilitates the user to mount and dismount the position sensor, increases the user experience of the nozzle, and also increases the practicality and interchangeability of the nozzle.
  • One of the objects of the present invention is also to provide a 3D printer including a printer body on which a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle is installed.
  • a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle and 3D printer provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:
  • the setting of the preset spacing reduces the possibility that the molten printing material will contact the limit stop after rising along the nozzle, that is, the possibility that the nozzle and the throat pipe will be stuck on the limit stop is reduced, which increases Reliability of the nozzle.
  • the extension nozzle of the molten printing material can rise after the extension nozzle rises, reducing the possibility of the molten printing material moving into the gap between the nozzle and the limit table and the heating block.
  • the possibility that the nozzle and the throat pipe are stuck on the limit table or the heating block is reduced, and the reliability of the spray head is increased.
  • the detachable connection between the trigger piece and the throat is realized, which is convenient for the user to replace the trigger piece and increase the reliability of the nozzle; and the user can also select the corresponding trigger piece for different nozzles, which increases The scope of application of the nozzle.
  • the heating block can quickly melt the printing material and realize the function of printing, and when the thermal conductivity of the first connecting tube at the upper end is poor, the heating block is less
  • the influence of the printing material in a connecting tube reduces the possibility that the printing material in the first connecting tube is melted, reduces the possibility that the upper end of the first connecting tube may continue to convey the printing material, and increases the reliability of the printing material transport in the throat .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at B of FIG. 3.
  • a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle includes a heat sink 1 for mounting on a 3D printer.
  • the heat sink 1 is a multi-layer sheet ,
  • the heat sink 1 can be detachably connected to the 3D printer, specifically, the heat sink 1 can be fixed on the 3D printer by bolts, more specifically, the heat sink 1 can be connected to the cross slider 2 on the 3D printer; the heat sink 1
  • the carrier board 3 is connected to the carrier board 3, and the heating board 4 is also provided on the carrier board 3, and the heat sink 1 and the heater block 4 are disposed on the same side of the carrier board 3, that is, the heat sink 1 and the heating block can be installed 4
  • the carrier board 3 is selected as a material with better thermal insulation performance; specifically, the heating block 4 is also provided with a heating rod 42 that heats the heating block 4 and the temperature set on the heating block 4 Sensor 43;
  • the outer side of the heating block 4 is also provided with a thermal
  • throat pipe 5 one end of the throat pipe 5 is penetrated in the heat sink 1, the other end of the throat pipe 5 is penetrated in the heating block 4, the throat pipe 5 is slidably arranged in the heat sink 1 along the axis direction and heated
  • the heat sink 1 is provided with a first slip hole 101 for the slip of the throat pipe 5
  • the heating block 4 is provided with a second slip hole 41 for the slip of the throat pipe 5, penetrating the heat sink 1
  • the throat pipe 5 in the heating block 4 can slide along the direction of its axis. In this embodiment, the throat pipe 5 can slide up and down.
  • the throat tube 5 can abut on the inner wall of the heating block 4, the nozzle 5 is also provided with a nozzle 6 at the end close to the heating block 4, therefore, the printing material can be heated and melted by the heating block 4 after reaching the position of the heating block 4 , And ejected from the nozzle 6 to realize the printing process of the printed material; specifically, the throat pipe 5 and the nozzle 6 can be connected by an interference fit, and the heating block 4 and the throat pipe 5 can be abutted by a gap fit.
  • the heating block 4 is provided with a limiter 12 for the throat 5 or the nozzle 6 to contact.
  • the limiter 12 is disposed on the side of the throat 5 near the nozzle 6, that is, the limiter 12 is disposed at the lower end of the throat 5, Under the action of gravity, the nozzle 6 or the throat tube 5 can abut on the limit table 12, and then the position of the nozzle 6 and the throat tube 5 is limited, which reduces the drop of the throat tube 5 from the heating block 4 and the heat sink 1 possible; specifically, the stop 12 can be connected to the throat pipe 5 and/or the nozzle 6 with a clearance fit.
  • the heat sink 1 is provided with a position sensor 7 and the throat 5 is provided with a trigger piece 8 for abutting the position sensor 7.
  • the position sensor 7 is provided on the side of the trigger piece 8 away from the nozzle 6, that is, the throat pipe 5 slides upward It can abut on the position sensor 7 during the movement.
  • the leveling process first select a preset position on the printing platform, and control the printing platform of the 3D printer to rise, and after the end of the rise, the printing platform contacts the nozzle 6 and drives the nozzle 6, throat 5 and trigger
  • the piece 8 rises, and after the distance of one end rises, the trigger piece 8 can abut on the position sensor 7, so the position sensor 7 can send the position signal to the leveling system (the prior art, this application will not repeat them), adjust
  • the horizontal system can calculate the distance between the preset position of the printing platform and the nozzle 6 in the vertical direction.
  • the leveling system can combine three preset positions to level the printing plane.
  • the throat pipe 5 and the trigger piece 8 are raised, without the need to drive the heating block 4 to slide, so there is no need to drive the heating rod and temperature on the heating block 4
  • the cable slip of the sensor avoids the possibility of the cable being dragged, which in turn reduces the resistance of the nozzle to the printing platform and reduces the possibility of deformation of the printing platform; and does not need to drive the remaining components to slip, the quality of the components that need to be slipped
  • the smaller size reduces the force exerted by the nozzle on the printing platform during the contact between the nozzle 6 and the printing platform, thereby reducing the possibility of deformation of the printing platform and increasing the leveling accuracy of the printing platform.
  • the heat sink 1 is provided with a communication groove 102 for the trigger sheet 8 to pass through, and the position sensor 7 is disposed outside the heat sink 1.
  • the communication groove 102 Through the opening of the communication groove 102, the user does not need to install the position sensor 7 inside the heat sink 1, which facilitates the user to mount and dismount the position sensor 7, which increases the user experience of the nozzle, and also increases the practicality and interchangeability of the nozzle.
  • a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the nozzle 6 and the limit table 12 Set the interval between.
  • a preset distance is provided between the nozzle 6 and the limit table 12, the preset distance is selected from 0.5mm to 2.5mm, preferably Ground, set to 1.5mm, through the setting of the preset spacing, the possibility of the molten printing material rising along the nozzle 6 and contacting the stop 12 is reduced, that is, the nozzle 6 and the throat 5 are blocked.
  • the possibility of the stop 12 increases the reliability of the nozzle.
  • the lower end of the second sliding hole 41 can be provided with an internal thread, and the limiting table 12 is screwed to the second sliding hole 41 in the heating block 4.
  • the axis of the limiting table 12 and the throat 5 The axes of the two are coincident; the setting of the limit table 12 connected by threads realizes the detachable connection of the heating block 4 and the limit table 12, and also realizes the adjustment of the preset spacing, which increases the scope of application of the spray head.
  • the nozzle 6 is provided with an extension table 61.
  • the extension table 61 can be disposed on the side of the nozzle 6 close to the limit table 12, preferably, the extension table 61 can be integrally formed with the nozzle 6; the extension table 61 surrounds the outer side of the limit table 12 Or the outside of the heating block 4, the extension table 61 has a preset height; specifically, when the limit table 12 extends downward one end distance, so the lower end of the nozzle 6 is close to the lower end of the limit table 12, the extension table 61 can wrap around The outer side of the limiting table 12, and when the limiting table 12 does not extend downward, the lower end of the nozzle 6 is close to the lower end of the heating block 4, therefore, the extending table 61 can surround the lower end of the heating block 4.
  • the extension table 61 By setting the extension table 61 around, the extension nozzle 61 of the molten printing material can be raised, and the extension table 61 can be raised, reducing the gap between the movement of the molten printing material to the nozzle 6 and the stopper 12 and the heating block 4
  • the possibility of the inside reduces the possibility that the nozzle 6 and the throat pipe 5 are stuck on the limit table 12 or the heating block 4 and increases the reliability of the spray head.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the arrangement of the spring 10.
  • this embodiment further includes a spring 10, one end of the spring 10 is disposed on the throat tube 5, the other end of the spring 10 can be disposed on the fin 1, the axis of the spring 10 and the throat
  • the axis of the tube 5 coincides; through the setting of the spring 10, the constraint between the throat tube 5 and the fins 1 is increased, the possibility of the throat tube 5 shaking is reduced, and the stability of the throat tube 5 is increased.
  • the spring 10 is disposed at the end of the throat tube 5 away from the nozzle 6, that is, the spring 10 is disposed at the uppermost end of the throat tube 5.
  • the position of the spring 10 is limited, which facilitates the installation and replacement of the spring 10 and increases the interchangeability of the spray head.
  • the trigger piece 8 is arranged between the spring 10 and the throat tube 5, that is, the spring 10 can abut the trigger piece 8 on the upper end of the throat tube 5; by setting the position of the trigger piece 8, the trigger piece 8 and the throat pipe 5 are realized
  • the disassembly connection facilitates the user to replace the trigger piece 8 and increases the reliability of the nozzle; and the user can also select the corresponding trigger piece 8 for different nozzles, which increases the scope of application of the nozzle.
  • this embodiment further includes a head 9.
  • the head 9 is detachably connected to the heat sink 1, and the spring 10 is connected to the heat sink 1 through the head 9.
  • one end of the spring 10 can be disposed on the head 9 and the other end of the spring 10 can be disposed on the end of the throat tube 5, reducing the length of the spring 10 required and reducing unnecessary waste.
  • the head 9 is screw-connected to the heat sink 1; the arrangement of the head 9 connected by the screw facilitates the adjustment of the distance between the head 9 and the throat tube 5, thereby achieving the limitation of the length of the spring 10, and then the spring 10 Elasticity adjustment.
  • the end of the throat tube 5 near the head 9 is provided with an abutment groove 51.
  • the end of the head 9 near the throat tube 5 is also provided with an abutment block 91 that abuts the abutment groove 51; through the abutment groove 51 and the abutment block
  • the setting of 91 reduces the possibility of the relative slip of the throat pipe 5 and the head 9 and increases the stability of the throat pipe 5.
  • the abutment groove 51 can also be opened on the head 9, and the abutment block 91 is similarly provided on the throat pipe 5, which can also meet the requirements of the present application.
  • the trigger piece 8 when the trigger piece 8 needs to be disposed between the throat tube 5 and the spring 10, the trigger piece 8 needs to be provided with a through hole for the abutment block 91 to pass through, and the radius of the through hole is larger than that of the abutment block 91 radius.
  • a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle, the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the specific structure of the throat pipe 5.
  • the throat pipe 5 includes a first connecting pipe 52 and a second connecting pipe 53, the first connecting pipe 52 is close to the heat sink 1, the second connecting pipe 53 is close to the heating block 4, and the second connecting pipe
  • the thermal conductivity of 53 is stronger than that of the first connection tube 52; that is, the first connection tube 52 at the upper end can select a stainless steel tube with poor thermal conductivity, and the second connection tube 53 can select a copper tube with good thermal conductivity;
  • the first connection pipe 52 and the second connection pipe 53 can be detachably connected by an interference fit.
  • the heating block 4 can quickly melt the printing material and realize the printing function, and when the thermal conductivity of the first connection tube 52 at the upper end is poor, the heating block 4 is reduced
  • the influence on the printing material in the first connecting tube 52 reduces the possibility that the printing material in the first connecting tube 52 is melted, reduces the possibility that the upper end of the first connecting tube 52 is difficult to continue to convey the printing material, and increases the throat Reliability of printing material transport in tube 5.
  • the fan 11 provided on the carrier board 3 is further provided, and the carrier board 3 is further provided with a ventilation slot 31; through the arrangement of the fan 11 and the ventilation slot 31, the printing material in the upper throat pipe 5 is reduced to be melted The possibility of increasing the reliability of the printed material transmission.
  • a 3D printer is equipped with a high-precision automatic leveling nozzle described in any of the above embodiments on the printer body.

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Abstract

一种高精度自动调平用喷头和3D打印机，涉及3D打印领域。包括：用于安装在3D打印机上的散热片，散热片上连接有载板，载板上还设有加热块，散热片与加热块设置于载板的同一侧；喉管，喉管的一端穿设在散热片内，喉管的另一端穿设在加热块内，喉管沿其轴线方向滑移设置在散热片内及加热块内，喉管抵接于加热块的内壁上，喉管靠近加热块的一端还设有喷嘴；加热块上设有用于喉管或喷嘴抵接的限位台，限位台设置于喉管靠近喷嘴的一侧；散热片上设有位置传感器，喉管上设有用于抵接于位置传感器的触发片，位置传感器设置于触发片远离喷嘴的一侧。减小了打印平台形变的可能，增加了打印平台的调平精度。

Description

一种高精度自动调平用喷头和3D打印机 技术领域
本发明涉及3D打印领域，尤指一种高精度自动调平用喷头和3D打印机。
背景技术
3D打印机又称三维打印机，是一种累积制造技术，即快速成形技术的一种机器，它是一种数字模型文件为基础，运用特殊蜡材、粉末状金属或塑料等可粘合材料，通过打印一层层的粘合材料来制造三维的物体。
现有具有自动调平功能的3D打印机中，常见的调平功能组件通常将喷头整体上下伸缩从而触发传感器，或者以“加热块、喷嘴并结合喉管”形成结合体，实现上下伸缩从而触发传感器，继而造成调平过程中加热棒和温度传感器的线缆易于被牵扯，从而增大了喷头对打印平台的阻力，增大了打印平台形变量；且由于喷头整体或以“加热块、喷嘴并结合喉管”形成结合体质量较大，在与打印平台的接触后，打印平台受到的喷头的作用力较大，继而增大了打印平台形变量，降低了打印平台的调平精度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高精度自动调平用喷头和3D打印机，减小了喷嘴与打印平台接触过程中，打印平台受到的喷头的作用力，继而减小了打印平台形变的可能，增加了打印平台的调平精度。
本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种高精度自动调平用喷头，包括：用于安装在3D打印机上的散热片，所述散热片上连接有载板，所述载板上还设有加热块，所述散热片与所述加热块设置于所述载板的同一侧；喉管，所述喉管的一端穿设在所述散热片内，所 述喉管的另一端穿设在所述加热块内，所述喉管沿其轴线方向滑移设置在所述散热片内及所述加热块内，所述喉管抵接于所述加热块的内壁上，所述喉管靠近所述加热块的一端还设有喷嘴；所述加热块上设有用于喉管或喷嘴抵接的限位台，所述限位台设置于所述喉管靠近所述喷嘴的一侧；所述散热片上设有位置传感器，所述喉管上设有用于抵接于所述位置传感器的触发片，所述位置传感器设置于所述触发片远离所述喷嘴的一侧。
本技术方案中，打印平台与喷嘴接触后，只带动喷嘴、喉管以及触发片上升，而无需带动加热块滑移，因此，也无需带动加热块上的加热棒以及温度传感器的线缆滑移，避免了线缆被牵扯的可能，继而减小了喷头对打印平台的阻力，减小了打印平台形变的可能；且无需带动其余组件滑移，需要滑移的组件质量较小，减小了喷嘴与打印平台接触过程中，打印平台受到的喷头的作用力，继而减小了打印平台形变的可能，增加了打印平台的调平精度。
进一步，沿所述喉管的轴线方向，所述喷嘴与所述限位台之间设有预设间距。
本技术方案中，通过预设间距的设置，减小了熔融的打印材料沿着喷嘴上升后，接触到限位台的可能，即减小了喷嘴与喉管卡死在限位台上的可能，增加了喷头的可靠性。
进一步，所述限位台螺纹连接于所述加热块内，所述限位台的轴线与所述喉管的轴线重合。
本技术方案中，通过螺纹连接的限位台的设置，实现了加热块与限位台的可拆卸连接，同时也实现了预设间距的调节，增加了喷头的适用范围。
进一步，所述喷嘴上设有延伸台，所述延伸台环绕于所述限位台的外侧或所述加热块的外侧。
本技术方案中，通过环绕设置延伸台的设置，熔融的打印材料延伸喷嘴上升后，能够延伸台上升，减小了熔融的打印材料运动至喷嘴与限位台、加热块 之间的间隙性内的可能，减小了喷嘴与喉管卡死在限位台或加热块上的可能，增加了喷头的可靠性。
进一步，还包括：弹簧，所述弹簧的一端设置于所述喉管，所述弹簧的另一端设置于所述散热片，所述弹簧的轴线与所述喉管的轴线重合。
本技术方案中，通过弹簧的设置，增加了喉管与散热片之间的约束，减小了喉管晃动的可能，增加了喉管的稳定性。
进一步，所述弹簧设置于所述喉管远离所述喷嘴的一端。
本技术方案中，通过弹簧位置的限定，便于弹簧的安装与更换，增加了喷头的互换性。
进一步，所述触发片设置于所述弹簧与所述喉管之间。
本技术方案中，通过触发片位置的设置，实现了触发片与喉管的可拆卸连接，便于用户更换触发片，增加了喷头的可靠性；且用户也能够对不同的喷头选取对应的触发片，增加了喷头的适用范围。
进一步，还包括：封头，所述封头可拆卸连接于所述散热片，所述弹簧通过所述封头连接于所述散热片。
本技术方案中，通过可拆卸的封头的设置，便于用户对弹簧进行更换，便于用户更换不同弹性系数的弹簧，增加了喷头的互换性与可靠性。
进一步，所述封头螺纹连接于所述散热片。
本技术方案中，通过螺纹连接的封头的设置，便于调节封头与喉管之间的间距，继而实现了弹簧长度的限定，继而实现了弹簧弹力的调节。
进一步，所述喉管靠近所述封头的一端设有抵接槽，所述封头靠近所述喉管的一端还设有抵接于所述抵接槽的抵接块。
本技术方案中，通过抵接槽与抵接块的设置，减小了喉管与封头相对滑移的可能，增加了喉管的稳定性。
进一步，所述喉管包括第一连接管和第二连接管，所述第一连接管靠近所 述散热片，所述第二连接管靠近所述加热块，所述第二连接管的导热性强于所述第一连接管的导热性。
本技术方案中，当下端的第二连接管导热性较好时，加热块能够快速的将打印材料熔融并实现打印的功能，而当上端的第一连接管导热性能较差时，减小了加热块对第一连接管内的打印材料的影响，减小了第一连接管内的打印材料被熔融的可能，减小了第一连接管上端难以继续输送打印材料的可能，增加了喉管内打印材料输送的可靠性。
进一步，还包括设置在所述载板上的风扇，所述载板上还开设有通风槽。
本技术方案中，通过风扇与通风槽的设置，减小了上端的喉管内的打印材料被融化的可能，增加了打印材料传输时的可靠性。
进一步，所述散热片上开设有用于触发片穿过的连通槽，所述位置传感器设置于所述散热片的外侧。
本技术方案中，通过连通槽的开设，用户无需将位置传感器设置在散热片的内部，方便了用户装卸位置传感器，增加了喷头的用户体验度，也增加了喷头的实用性与互换性。
本发明的目的之一还在于提供一种3D打印机，包括打印机本体，所述打印机本体上安装有高精度自动调平用喷头。
本技术方案中，打印平台与喷嘴接触后，只带动喷嘴、喉管以及触发片上升，而无需带动加热块滑移，因此，也无需带动加热块上的加热棒以及温度传感器的线缆滑移，减小了线缆被牵扯的可能，继而减小了喷头对打印平台的阻力，减小了打印平台形变的可能；且无需带动其余组件滑移，需要滑移的组件质量较小，减小了喷嘴与打印平台接触过程中，打印平台受到的喷头的作用力，继而减小了打印平台形变的可能，增加了打印平台的调平精度。
与现有技术相比，本发明提供的一种高精度自动调平用喷头和3D打印机具有以下有益效果：
1、打印平台与喷嘴接触后，只带动喷嘴、喉管以及触发片上升，而无需带动加热块滑移，因此，也无需带动加热块上的加热棒以及温度传感器的线缆滑移，避免了线缆被牵扯的可能，继而减小了喷头对打印平台的阻力，减小了打印平台形变的可能。
2、打印平台与喷嘴接触后，无需带动其余组件滑移，需要滑移的组件质量较小，减小了喷嘴与打印平台接触过程中，打印平台受到的喷头的作用力，继而减小了打印平台形变的可能，增加了打印平台的调平精度。
3、通过预设间距的设置，减小了熔融的打印材料沿着喷嘴上升后，接触到限位台的可能，即减小了喷嘴与喉管卡死在限位台上的可能，增加了喷头的可靠性。
4、通过环绕设置延伸台的设置，熔融的打印材料延伸喷嘴上升后，能够延伸台上升，减小了熔融的打印材料运动至喷嘴与限位台、加热块之间的间隙性内的可能，减小了喷嘴与喉管卡死在限位台或加热块上的可能，增加了喷头的可靠性。
5、通过触发片位置的设置，实现了触发片与喉管的可拆卸连接，便于用户更换触发片，增加了喷头的可靠性；且用户也能够对不同的喷头选取对应的触发片，增加了喷头的适用范围。
6、当下端的第二连接管导热性较好时，加热块能够快速的将打印材料熔融并实现打印的功能，而当上端的第一连接管导热性能较差时，减小了加热块对第一连接管内的打印材料的影响，减小了第一连接管内的打印材料被熔融的可能，减小了第一连接管上端难以继续输送打印材料的可能，增加了喉管内打印材料输送的可靠性。
附图说明
下面将以明确易懂的方式，结合附图说明优选实施方式，对一种高精度自 动调平用喷头和3D打印机的上述特性、技术特征、优点及其实现方式予以进一步说明。
图1是本发明一种高精度自动调平用喷头的结构示意图；
图2是本发明一种高精度自动调平用喷头的正面结构示意图；
图3是图2的A-A向剖视图；
图4是图3的B处放大图。
附图标号说明：1.散热片，101.第一滑移孔，102.连通槽，2.十字滑块，3.载板，31.通风槽，4.加热块，41.第二滑移孔，42.加热棒，43.温度传感器，44.保温板，5.喉管，51.抵接槽，52.第一连接管，53.第二连接管，6.喷嘴，61.延伸台，7.位置传感器，8.触发片，9.封头，91.抵接块，10.弹簧，11.风扇，12.限位台。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对照附图说明本发明的具体实施方式。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图，并获得其他的实施方式。
为使图面简洁，各图中只示意性地表示出了与发明相关的部分，它们并不代表其作为产品的实际结构。另外，以使图面简洁便于理解，在有些图中具有相同结构或功能的部件，仅示意性地绘示了其中的一个，或仅标出了其中的一个。在本文中，“一个”不仅表示“仅此一个”，也可以表示“多于一个”的情形。
根据本发明提供的一种实施例，如图1至图3所示，一种高精度自动调平用喷头，包括用于安装在3D打印机上的散热片1，散热片1为多层片状，散热片1能够可拆卸连接于3D打印机，具体地，散热片1能够通过螺栓固定在3D打印机 上，更具体地，散热片1能够连接在3D打印机上的十字滑块2上；散热片1上连接有载板3，载板3上还设有加热块4，散热片1与加热块4设置于载板3的同一侧，即通过载板3的设置，能够将散热片1与加热块4分离设置，优选地，载板3选取为隔热性能较好的材料；具体地，加热块4上还设于加热所述加热块4的加热棒42，以及设置在加热块4上的温度传感器43；优选地，加热块4的外侧还设有保温板44。
还包括喉管5，喉管5的一端穿设在散热片1内，喉管5的另一端穿设在加热块4内，喉管5沿其轴线方向滑移设置在散热片1内及加热块4内，即散热片1内开设有用于喉管5滑移的第一滑移孔101，加热块4内设有用于喉管5滑移的第二滑移孔41，贯穿在散热片1和加热块4内的喉管5能够沿其轴线方向滑移，本实施例中，喉管5能够上下滑移。
喉管5能够抵接于加热块4的内壁上，喉管5靠近加热块4的一端还设有喷嘴6，因此，打印材料在到达加热块4的位置后，能够被加热块4加热并融化，并从喷嘴6喷出，继而实现打印材料的打印过程；具体地，喉管5与喷嘴6能通过过盈配合实现连接，且加热块4与喉管5能够通过间隙配合实现抵接。
加热块4上设有用于喉管5或喷嘴6抵接的限位台12，限位台12设置于喉管5靠近喷嘴6的一侧，即限位台12设置在喉管5的下端，在重力的作用下，喷嘴6或喉管5能够抵接在限位台12上，继而实现了喷嘴6和喉管5位置的限定，减小了喉管5掉落脱离加热块4与散热片1的可能；具体地，限位台12能够与喉管5和/或喷嘴6间隙配合实现连接。
散热片1上设有位置传感器7，喉管5上设有用于抵接于位置传感器7的触发片8，位置传感器7设置于触发片8远离喷嘴6的一侧，即喉管5在向上滑移的过程中能够抵接在位置传感器7上。
在调平过程中，首先在打印平台上选取一个预设位置，并控制3D打印机的打印平台上升，并在上升一端距离之后，打印平台与喷嘴6接触，并带动喷嘴6、 喉管5以及触发片8上升，并在上升一端距离之后，触发片8能够抵接在位置传感器7上，因此，位置传感器7能够将位置信号发送给调平系统(现有技术，本申请不再赘述)，调平系统即可计算得到打印平台预设位置与喷嘴6竖直方向上的距离。
再次选取两个打印平面上的预设位置，且三个预设位置不再同一直线上，并对上述两个被选取的预设位置进行上述步骤，得到两个预设位置与喷嘴6竖直方向上的距离，调平系统即可结合三个预设位置对打印平面进行调平。
本实施例中，打印平台与喷嘴6接触后，只带动喷嘴6、喉管5以及触发片8上升，而无需带动加热块4滑移，因此，也无需带动加热块4上的加热棒以及温度传感器的线缆滑移，避免了线缆被牵扯的可能，继而减小了喷头对打印平台的阻力，减小了打印平台形变的可能；且无需带动其余组件滑移，需要滑移的组件质量较小，减小了喷嘴6与打印平台接触过程中，打印平台受到的喷头的作用力，继而减小了打印平台形变的可能，增加了打印平台的调平精度。
根据上述实施例的改进，本实施例中，散热片1上开设有用于触发片8穿过的连通槽102，位置传感器7设置于散热片1的外侧。通过连通槽102的开设，用户无需将位置传感器7设置在散热片1的内部，方便了用户装卸位置传感器7，增加了喷头的用户体验度，也增加了喷头的实用性与互换性。
根据本发明提供的另一种实施例，如图1至图4所示，一种高精度自动调平用喷头，本实施例与第一种实施例的区别在于喷嘴6与限位台12之间间距的设置。
在第一种实施例的基础上，本实施例中，沿喉管5的轴线方向，喷嘴6与限位台12之间设有预设间距，预设间距选取为0.5mm至2.5mm，优选地，设置为1.5mm，通过预设间距的设置，减小了熔融的打印材料沿着喷嘴6上升后，接触到限位台12的可能，即减小了喷嘴6与喉管5卡死在限位台12上的可能，增加了喷头的可靠性。
结合第一种实施例，第二滑移孔41的下端能够开设内螺纹，限位台12螺纹连接于加热块4内的第二滑移孔41上，限位台12的轴线与喉管5的轴线重合；通过螺纹连接的限位台12的设置，实现了加热块4与限位台12的可拆卸连接，同时也实现了预设间距的调节，增加了喷头的适用范围。
喷嘴6上设有延伸台61，延伸台61能够设置在喷嘴6靠近限位台12的一侧，优选地，延伸台61能够与喷嘴6一体成型；延伸台61环绕于限位台12的外侧或加热块4的外侧，延伸台61具备预设的高度；具体地，当限位台12向下延伸一端距离时，因此喷嘴6的下端靠近限位台12的下端，延伸台61能够环绕在限位台12的外侧，而当限位台12未向下延伸时，喷嘴6的下端靠近加热块4的下端，因此，延伸台61能够环绕在加热块4的下端。
通过环绕设置延伸台61的设置，熔融的打印材料延伸喷嘴6上升后，能够延伸台61上升，减小了熔融的打印材料运动至喷嘴6与限位台12、加热块4之间的间隙性内的可能，减小了喷嘴6与喉管5卡死在限位台12或加热块4上的可能，增加了喷头的可靠性。
根据本发明提供的又一种实施例，如图1至图3所示，一种高精度自动调平用喷头，本实施例与第一种实施例的区别在于弹簧10的设置。
在第一种实施例的基础上，本实施例中，还包括弹簧10，弹簧10的一端设置在喉管5上，弹簧10的另一端能够设置在散热片1上，弹簧10的轴线与喉管5的轴线重合；通过弹簧10的设置，增加了喉管5与散热片1之间的约束，减小了喉管5晃动的可能，增加了喉管5的稳定性。
弹簧10设置于喉管5远离喷嘴6的一端，即弹簧10设置在喉管5的最上端；通过弹簧10位置的限定，便于弹簧10的安装与更换，增加了喷头的互换性。
触发片8设置于弹簧10与喉管5之间，即弹簧10能够将触发片8抵接在喉管5的上端；通过触发片8位置的设置，实现了触发片8与喉管5的可拆卸连接，便于用户更换触发片8，增加了喷头的可靠性；且用户也能够对不同的喷头选取 对应的触发片8，增加了喷头的适用范围。
根据上述实施例的改进，本实施例中，还包括封头9，封头9可拆卸连接于散热片1，弹簧10通过封头9连接于散热片1。通过可拆卸的封头9的设置，便于用户对弹簧10进行更换，便于用户更换不同弹性系数的弹簧10，增加了喷头的互换性与可靠性。
因此，弹簧10的一端能够设置在封头9上，弹簧10的另一端能够设置在喉管5的端部，减小了所需要的弹簧10的长度，减小了不必要的浪费。
优选地，封头9螺纹连接于散热片1；通过螺纹连接的封头9的设置，便于调节封头9与喉管5之间的间距，继而实现了弹簧10长度的限定，继而实现了弹簧10弹力的调节。
喉管5靠近封头9的一端设有抵接槽51，封头9靠近喉管5的一端还设有抵接于抵接槽51的抵接块91；通过抵接槽51与抵接块91的设置，减小了喉管5与封头9相对滑移的可能，增加了喉管5的稳定性。
根据上述实施例的改进，抵接槽51也能够开设在封头9上，抵接块91同理设置在喉管5上，也能够满足本申请的需求。
因此，当触发片8需要设置在喉管5与弹簧10之间时，触发片8上需要开设穿过孔，用于抵接块91穿过，且穿过孔的半径大于抵接块91的半径。
根据本发明提供的再一种实施例，如图1至图4所示，一种高精度自动调平用喷头，本实施例与第一种实施例的区别在于喉管5的具体结构。
在第一种实施例的基础上，喉管5包括第一连接管52和第二连接管53，第一连接管52靠近散热片1，第二连接管53靠近加热块4，第二连接管53的导热性强于第一连接管52的导热性；即上端的第一连接管52能够选取导热性较差的不锈钢管，而第二连接管53能够选取导热性能够较好的铜管；具体地，第一连接管52与第二连接管53能够通过过盈配合实现可拆卸连接。
当下端的第二连接管53导热性较好时，加热块4能够快速的将打印材料熔 融并实现打印的功能，而当上端的第一连接管52导热性能较差时，减小了加热块4对第一连接管52内的打印材料的影响，减小了第一连接管52内的打印材料被熔融的可能，减小了第一连接管52上端难以继续输送打印材料的可能，增加了喉管5内打印材料输送的可靠性。
优选地，还包括设置在载板3上的风扇11，载板3上还开设有通风槽31；通过风扇11与通风槽31的设置，减小了上端的喉管5内的打印材料被融化的可能，增加了打印材料传输时的可靠性。
根据本发明提供的一种实施例，如图1至图4所示，一种3D打印机，所述打印机本体上安装有上述任意一种实施例所描述的高精度自动调平用喷头。
应当说明的是，上述实施例均可根据需要自由组合。以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于，包括：
    用于安装在3D打印机上的散热片，所述散热片上连接有载板，所述载板上还设有加热块，所述散热片与所述加热块设置于所述载板的同一侧；
    喉管，所述喉管的一端穿设在所述散热片内，所述喉管的另一端穿设在所述加热块内，所述喉管沿其轴线方向滑移设置在所述散热片内及所述加热块内，所述喉管抵接于所述加热块的内壁上，所述喉管靠近所述加热块的一端还设有喷嘴；
    所述加热块上设有用于喉管或喷嘴抵接的限位台，所述限位台设置于所述喉管靠近所述喷嘴的一侧；
    所述散热片上设有位置传感器，所述喉管上设有用于抵接于所述位置传感器的触发片，所述位置传感器设置于所述触发片远离所述喷嘴的一侧。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    沿所述喉管的轴线方向，所述喷嘴与所述限位台之间设有预设间距。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    所述限位台螺纹连接于所述加热块内，所述限位台的轴线与所述喉管的轴线重合。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    所述喷嘴上设有延伸台，所述延伸台环绕于所述限位台的外侧或所述加热块的外侧。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于，还包括：
    弹簧，所述弹簧的一端设置于所述喉管，所述弹簧的另一端设置于所述散热片，所述弹簧的轴线与所述喉管的轴线重合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    所述弹簧设置于所述喉管远离所述喷嘴的一端。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    所述触发片设置于所述弹簧与所述喉管之间。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于，还包括：
    封头，所述封头可拆卸连接于所述散热片，所述弹簧通过所述封头连接于所述散热片。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    所述封头螺纹连接于所述散热片。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    所述喉管靠近所述封头的一端设有抵接槽，所述封头靠近所述喉管的一端还设有抵接于所述抵接槽的抵接块。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的一种高精度自动调平用喷头，其特征在于：
    所述喉管包括第一连接管和第二连接管，所述第一连接管靠近所述散热片，所述第二连接管靠近所述加热块，所述第二连接管的导热性强于所述第一连接管的导热性。
  12. 一种3D打印机，其特征在于，包括打印机本体，所述打印机本体上安装有如权利要求1～11中任意一项所述的高精度自动调平用喷头。
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