WO2020134638A1 - 一种牛舍 - Google Patents

一种牛舍 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134638A1
WO2020134638A1 PCT/CN2019/116319 CN2019116319W WO2020134638A1 WO 2020134638 A1 WO2020134638 A1 WO 2020134638A1 CN 2019116319 W CN2019116319 W CN 2019116319W WO 2020134638 A1 WO2020134638 A1 WO 2020134638A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
barn
ceiling
outside
cowshed
movable
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2019/116319
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨利国
滑国华
牛凯峰
沈洪学
石利峰
张殿双
Original Assignee
华中农业大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华中农业大学 filed Critical 华中农业大学
Priority to US17/418,694 priority Critical patent/US11963511B2/en
Publication of WO2020134638A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134638A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A01K1/0058—Construction of air inlets or outlets in roofs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/0047—Air-conditioning, e.g. ventilation, of animal housings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/01—Removal of dung or urine, e.g. from stables
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
    • A01K1/02—Pigsties; Dog-kennels; Rabbit-hutches or the like
    • A01K1/035—Devices for use in keeping domestic animals, e.g. fittings in housings or dog beds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K5/00—Feeding devices for stock or game ; Feeding wagons; Feeding stacks
    • A01K5/01—Feed troughs; Feed pails
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/50—Livestock or poultry management
    • Y02P60/52—Livestock or poultry management use of renewable energies

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of animal husbandry science and technology, and particularly relates to automated livestock breeding technology in animal husbandry.
  • the traditional large-scale cattle farm adopts the separation of the cattle bed and the sports ground.
  • the cattle mattress material needs to be replaced regularly, and additional manure treatment equipment is needed.
  • the cost of dry and wet separation of manure removal and manure is high, manure settlement, large area of fermentation, uncontrollable manure in sports fields, clean and sanitary cattle, welfare, and insecure farm environment, and other production problems. Therefore, a new model is urgently needed.
  • the breeding mode that is, the integrated farming mode of bed and field.
  • the so-called bed-field integration is a new type of ecological breeding technology, which uses cow dung as harmless treatment and then uses it as bedding, and then conducts in-situ fermentation during operation, without the need to clean the manure daily. There is no fence, and the cows lie freely.
  • the bed field integration technology has the characteristics of dryness, softness, comfort, zero discharge of feces, and low operating costs. It can significantly increase the bed lying rate and lying time of cows, promote milk production, and reduce the incidence of mastitis and other related diseases.
  • the cowshed is the main place for cattle growth, feeding, activities and rest.
  • the environment of the cowshed affects the growth and development of the cattle, the health of the cattle, reproductive performance, daily gain, feed consumption, comfort, milk production, milk quality, etc. Has an important impact, which in turn affects the economic benefits of the cattle farm.
  • Traditional cowsheds are divided into cattle beds and sports fields, that is, the beds are separated.
  • the construction of the cow bed requires both ground hardening and isolation fences, and the padding needs to be continuously changed during operation; the sports ground is outside the cow house, which generally needs to be hardened in order to clear the manure; the bed needs a breast shield, and the improper setting causes the cow's forelimbs and balls
  • the present invention proposes a cowshed, which can reduce the construction cost and daily operation and management cost of the cowshed, and reduce the incidence of diseases such as limb hoof disease and mastitis in dairy cows. Cost-saving, healthy and ecological breeding mode.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
  • a cow house includes a cow bed, a feeding channel, a fixed ceiling, a movable ceiling, a feed trough, a dung wall, and a guardrail door, wherein the fixed ceiling and the movable ceiling cover the cattle bed and the sink and are more than 50cm.
  • the manure retaining wall and the guardrail door surround the cow bed and the feed trough.
  • the fixed ceiling and the movable ceiling are provided with a double slope.
  • the movable ceiling can be opened to allow sunlight to enter and exchange air to form a convection.
  • the cow bed is not hardened and is not provided with a fence, which is compatible with sports occasions.
  • the feed channel is hardened and is 30-100 cm above the cow bed.
  • the feeding manure retaining wall is arranged around the cow bed, which is 30-100 cm higher than the cow bed.
  • the water tank is arranged outside the dung wall.
  • the fixed ceiling has a sliding chute under the movable ceiling
  • the movable ceiling slides under the fixed ceiling through the chute
  • the edge of the movable ceiling has a motor to drive the movable ceiling to slide
  • the edge of the movable ceiling also has matching guide blocks and guide grooves to guide
  • the groove is connected to the movable roof, and the guide block is fixed on the edge of the outer wall of the cowshed.
  • the cowshed has an internal temperature sensor
  • the cowshed has an external temperature sensor, an anemometer, a photoelectric sensor, and a rainfall sensor
  • the cowshed also has a controller
  • the signals of the internal temperature sensor, external temperature sensor, anemometer, photoelectric sensor and rain sensor are all sent to the controller;
  • the internal temperature sensor and the external temperature sensor detect the temperature inside and outside the cowshed respectively;
  • the anemometer detects the wind speed and direction outside the cowshed
  • the photoelectric sensor detects the sunlight illuminance outside the cowshed
  • the rainfall sensor detects the rainfall outside the cowshed
  • the controller controls the opening of the movable roof according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and wind direction outside the cowshed, sunlight illuminance and rainfall.
  • the controller controls the opening of the movable roof to meet the following conditions according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and direction outside the cowshed, sunlight illuminance and rainfall.
  • the temperature outside the barn is lower than the temperature difference inside the barn by more than the second threshold
  • the solar illuminance outside the barn is below the third threshold or the wind speed outside the barn is above the fourth threshold.
  • the controller controls the opening of the movable roof according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and direction outside the cowshed, sunlight illuminance, and rainfall, and the following conditions are simultaneously met:
  • the temperature outside the barn is higher than the temperature difference inside the barn by more than the sixth threshold
  • the movable ceiling includes a plurality of movable ceiling blocks arranged in sequence, the plurality of ceiling blocks are respectively provided with a tray, the tray is fixedly connected with the ceiling block, and the tray has a first support arm, There is a second support arm under the first support arm. The first support arm and the second support arm are connected by a first hinge. The second support arm has a second pivot. The first pivot adjusts and controls the ceiling block, the tray and the first support arm. A pitch angle of the support arm, the second pivot adjusts the roll angle of the ceiling block, the tray, the first support arm, the first pivot and the second support arm.
  • first and second hubs under the plurality of ceiling blocks are controlled asynchronously, and the plurality of ceiling blocks may have different pitch angles and roll angles.
  • the cowshed has an internal temperature sensor, and the cowshed has an external temperature sensor and an anemometer.
  • the signals of the internal temperature sensor, the external temperature sensor, and the anemometer are all sent to the controller; wherein,
  • the internal temperature sensor and the external temperature sensor detect the temperature inside and outside the cowshed respectively;
  • the anemometer detects the wind speed and direction outside the cowshed
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block of the movable ceiling according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and the wind direction outside the cowshed.
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block of the movable ceiling according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and the wind direction outside the cowshed, including:
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block of the movable ceiling to block the wind direction.
  • the controller may control the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block of the movable ceiling according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and the wind direction outside the cowshed, including:
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block of the movable ceiling as the guide and ventilation direction.
  • the cowshed ceiling adopts a fixed ceiling and a movable ceiling, and is designed as a double-slope type, and two-stage ventilation windows are provided on the left and right sides for ventilation and ventilation in the cowshed to ensure indoor air circulation and circulation, which is great for the health of dairy cows. Helpful.
  • the movable roof extending in rainy days and summer, is conducive to the separation of rain and pollution, and heatstroke prevention and cooling; the contraction of sunny days helps to improve the fermentation effect of the fermentation bed.
  • the roof covers the entire cowshed, strictly controlling the separation of rain and pollution, to ensure that the entire cowshed and the surface of the sports ground are not affected by rain, and no waste water is left in the cowshed, reducing the cost of manure cleaning.
  • cow bed is integrated with the sports ground, without partitions, and integrated with the sports ground.
  • the ground does not need to be hardened, saving construction costs; eliminating feces, reducing the cost of manure treatment.
  • the fermentation bed is laid on the cow bed, and the biological bacteria agent is used to decompose the feces, which improves the comfort of the cow, increases the lying time of the cow, and can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases such as limb foot disease and mastitis of the cow, and improve the milk production and milk. quality.
  • the driving device is also flexible and light.
  • the pitch angle and roll angle of multiple ceiling blocks are independently controlled, so that sunlight and ventilation can be more flexibly used.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cowshed according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cowshed according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a cowshed according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fixed roof and a movable roof of a cowshed according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving device of a movable roof of a cowshed according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a ceiling block and a driving device of a cowshed according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cowshed in the specific embodiment of the present invention includes a cow bed 5, a fixed ceiling 1, a movable ceiling 2, a feed trough 4, a peripheral guardrail 8, a guardrail door 9, and a sink, wherein the fixed ceiling 1 and the movable ceiling 2 covers the cow bed 5, feed trough 4 and water trough, the peripheral guardrail 8 and guardrail door 9 surround the cow bed 5 and feed trough 4, the fixed ceiling 1 and movable ceiling 2 are provided with a slope, and the movable ceiling 2 It can be turned on to let sunlight in and exchange air to form convection.
  • the cowshed includes a fixed ceiling 1, a movable ceiling 2, a feeding channel 3, a liftable feed trough 4, a cow bed 5, a liftable sink 6, a ventilation window 7, a cowshed peripheral guardrail 8, a guardrail door 9, a barrier Material plate 10, manure retaining wall 11 and fan 12.
  • the fixed ceiling 1 and the movable ceiling 2 are set with double slopes, and there are two levels of ventilation windows 7 in total at the ceiling.
  • the adjustable sink 6 Surrounded by two guardrail doors 9 on the left and right sides of the cowshed for cattle ingress and egress; the adjustable sink 6 is located outside the cowshed; the adjustable feed trough is located at the feed channel 3 guardrail; the feeding channel 3 is located in the cowshed In the middle, it needs to be hardened, at least 50cm above the cow bed.
  • the floor of the cow bed 5 is flat, and the fermentation bed is directly made without hardening; there is no barrier between the cow bed 5 and the sports ground, and it is integrated with the sports ground.
  • the baffle plate 10 is arranged at the junction of the cow bed 5 and the feeding channel 3, which is higher than the cow bed; the manure blocking wall 11 is arranged on the periphery of the cow bed 5 ; Install fan 12 on the ceiling of the cowshed.
  • four two-stage ventilation windows are provided between the fixed ceiling 1 and the movable ceiling 2 on both sides of the cowshed.
  • the feeding channel 3 is arranged in the middle of the cowshed, and the ground of the hardening feeding channel is 0.5-0.8m above the ground.
  • the feed trough is provided at the feeding channel 3 of the cowshed, and the height can be adjusted.
  • the water trough is arranged on the periphery of the cowshed guardrail 8 and is connected with the guardrail, and the height can also be adjusted.
  • the fan is arranged under the movable roof 2 and at the guardrail 8 in the cowshed.
  • the fixed ceiling 1 and the movable ceiling 2 are designed as double slopes, and two-level ventilation windows 7 are provided on the left and right sides for ventilation and ventilation in the cowshed to ensure the circulation and circulation of indoor air.
  • the movable ceiling 2 is retractable, extending in rainy days and summer, which is conducive to rain and sewage diversion, heatstroke prevention and cooling; sunny days shrink, which helps improve the fermentation effect of the fermentation bed.
  • the fixed roof 1 and the movable roof 2 cover the entire cowshed, strictly controlling the separation of rain and pollution, to ensure that the entire cowshed and the surface of the sports ground are not affected by rain, and the cowshed has no sewage remaining, reducing the cost of manure cleaning.
  • cow bed 5 is integrated with the sports ground without barriers, and is integrated with the sports ground.
  • the ground does not need to be hardened, saving construction costs; eliminating feces and reducing the cost of manure treatment.
  • the cowshed uses a lifting tank 6 and a feed tank 4. Due to the in-situ fermentation of cow dung, the height of the cow bed will become higher and higher, so a water tank and a feed tank with a height that can be adjusted freely are designed to facilitate the breeding of cattle.
  • Cow bed 5 Laying a fermentation bed, combined with biological bacteria to decompose feces, improve the comfort of cattle, increase the lying time of cattle, can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases such as hoof disease, mastitis, and improve milk yield and milk quality .
  • the fixed ceiling 1 has a sliding chute under the movable ceiling 2, and the movable ceiling 2 slides under the fixed ceiling 1 through the chute.
  • the movable ceiling 21 (here, the reference number 21 indicates that it is a specific embodiment of the movable ceiling 2) has a motor 22 to drive the movable ceiling 21 to slide, and the edge of the movable ceiling 21 also has matching guide blocks 25 and a guide groove 24, the guide groove 24 is connected to the movable roof 21, and the guide block 25 is fixed at the edge of the outer wall of the cowshed. Through the cooperation of the guide groove 24 and the guide block 25, the lateral movement of the movable roof 21 is avoided.
  • the movable ceiling 21 can be driven as a whole, and the movable ceiling 21 can be completely retracted under the fixed ceiling 1, saving space.
  • the cowshed has an internal temperature sensor
  • the cowshed has an external temperature sensor, anemometer, photoelectric sensor, and rainfall sensor
  • the cowshed also has a controller
  • the signals of the internal temperature sensor, the external temperature sensor, the anemometer, the photoelectric sensor and the rain sensor are all sent to the controller;
  • the internal temperature sensor and the external temperature sensor detect the temperature inside and outside the cowshed respectively;
  • the anemometer detects the wind speed and direction outside the cowshed
  • the photoelectric sensor detects the sunlight illuminance outside the cowshed
  • the rainfall sensor detects the rainfall outside the cowshed
  • the controller controls the opening of the movable roof 2 according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and wind direction outside the cowshed, sunlight illuminance and rainfall.
  • the opening of the movable roof 2 can be controlled according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and wind direction outside the cowshed, sunlight illuminance and rainfall, so as to realize the intelligent automatic control of the cowshed.
  • the controller controls the opening of the movable roof 2 to satisfy the following conditions simultaneously according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and wind direction outside the cowshed, sunlight illuminance, and rainfall.
  • the temperature outside the barn is lower than the temperature difference inside the barn by more than the second threshold
  • the solar illuminance outside the barn is below the third threshold or the wind speed outside the barn is above the fourth threshold.
  • the first threshold is 35 degrees Celsius
  • the second threshold the temperature outside the barn is lower than the cow The temperature difference inside the house
  • the controller controls the opening of the movable roof 2 to satisfy the following conditions simultaneously according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and wind direction outside the cowshed, sunlight illuminance and rainfall. :
  • the temperature outside the barn is higher than the temperature difference inside the barn by more than the sixth threshold
  • the fifth threshold is 15 degrees Celsius
  • the sixth threshold the temperature outside the cowshed is lower than the cow The temperature difference inside the house
  • the movable roof 2 is opened or closed as a whole, but the quality of the movable roof 2 is very large. If it needs a large torque to open, it is easy to cause damage to the motor, and when some areas need to be opened and some areas need to be closed, It is difficult to realize the integrated movable roof 2, so in the following embodiments, a block control method is adopted. However, it needs to be clear that some control logic of the integral movable ceiling 2 can still be used on the divided ceiling.
  • the movable ceiling 2 includes a plurality of movable ceiling blocks 201 arranged in sequence, and the plurality of ceiling blocks 201 are respectively provided with a tray 202, and the tray 202 and the ceiling block 201 is fixedly connected, a first support arm 203 is provided under the tray 202, a second support arm 205 is provided under the first support arm 203, the first support arm 203 and the second support arm 205 are connected by a first hinge 204, and the second A second hinge 206 is provided under the support arm 205.
  • the first hinge 204 adjusts and controls the pitch angle of the ceiling block 201, the tray 202 and the first support arm 203.
  • the second hinge 206 adjusts the ceiling block 201, the tray 202 and the first The roll angle of the support arm 203, the first hinge 204, and the second support arm 205.
  • the pitch angle and roll angle of the plurality of ceiling blocks 201 can be freely controlled, so that the flexible configuration of the movable ceiling 2 is realized.
  • first hub 204 and the second hub 206 under the multiple ceiling blocks 201 are controlled asynchronously, and the multiple ceiling blocks 201 may have different pitch angles and rolls angle.
  • part of the ceiling block 201 when it is required that part of the ceiling block 201 is opened, part of the ceiling block 202 is closed, or the pitch angle and roll angle of the part of the ceiling block 201 are different from those of the other part of the roof block 202, it can be achieved by separately driving and controlling them, so the configuration More flexible than the integral movable roof 2.
  • the cowshed has an internal temperature sensor, and the cowshed has an external temperature sensor and an anemometer.
  • the signals of the internal temperature sensor, the external temperature sensor, and the anemometer are all sent to the control Device;
  • the internal temperature sensor and the external temperature sensor detect the temperature inside and outside the cowshed respectively;
  • the anemometer detects the wind speed and direction outside the cowshed
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block 201 of the movable ceiling 2 according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and the wind direction outside the cowshed.
  • the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block 201 of the movable ceiling 2 are controlled according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and the wind direction outside the cowshed. In this way, the cowshed can realize intelligent control and freely change the state of the movable ceiling 2 according to external conditions.
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block of the movable ceiling according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and the wind direction outside the cowhouse, including:
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block 201 of the movable ceiling to block the wind direction.
  • the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block 201 of the movable ceiling are adjusted, so that the cold wind can be blocked under the condition of daylight and the temperature of the cowshed can be avoided Further decrease.
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block 201 of the movable ceiling according to the temperature inside and outside the cowshed, the wind speed and the wind direction outside the cowhouse, including:
  • the controller controls the pitch angle and roll angle of the ceiling block of the movable ceiling as the guide and ventilation direction.
  • the pitch angle and roll angle of the roof block 201 of the movable roof are adjusted, so that ventilation can be introduced to actively reduce the temperature of the barn under the condition of lighting .

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)

Abstract

一种牛舍，包括牛床（5）、给料通道（3）、固定顶棚（1）、活动顶棚（2）、料槽（4）、外围护栏（8）、护栏门（9）和水槽（6），其中所述固定顶棚（1）和活动顶棚（2）覆盖所述牛床（5）、料槽（4）和水槽（6），所述外围护栏（8）和护栏门（9）围绕所述牛床（5）和料槽（4），所述固定顶棚（1）和活动顶棚（2）采用斜坡设置，活动顶棚（2）能够开启让阳光射入，以及交换空气形成对流。该牛舍能够降低建筑成本，有效利用阳光和空气对流，并能保证完全雨污分流，粪污零排放。

Description

一种牛舍 技术领域
本发明属于畜牧业科技领域，特别是涉及到畜牧业中的自动化牲畜养殖技术。
背景技术。
目前传统规模化牛场采用牛床与运动场分离，牛床垫料需定期更换，需要额外的粪污处理设备，存在(含奶牛、肉牛、水牛等)牛床垫料消耗大、水资源浪费多，清粪与粪污干湿分离成本高、粪污沉淀、发酵占地面积大、运动场粪污无法控制，牛体清洁卫生、福利和牛场环境无保障等生产实际问题，因此，急需一种新型养殖模式，即床场一体化养殖模式。所谓床场一体化是一种新型生态养殖技术，其先将牛粪做无害化处理后用作垫料，在运行中再进行原位发酵，不需日常清粪，运动场与牛床合并，不设隔栏，牛只自由躺卧。床场一体化技术具有干燥、松软、舒适，粪污零排放、运行成本低等特点，且能够显著提高奶牛卧床率和躺卧时间，促进产奶、降低乳腺炎等相关疾病发病率等优点。
牛舍是牛生长、采食、活动和休息的主要场所，牛舍环境对牛的生长发育、牛体健康、繁殖性能、日增重、饲料消耗、舒适度、产奶量、乳品质量等都有着重要影响，进而影响到牛场的经济效益。传统牛舍分设牛床和运动场，即床场分离。牛床建设既需地面硬化，又需隔离栏，运行时还需不断更换垫料；运动场在牛舍外，一般均需硬化，以便清粪；卧床需要挡胸板，设置不当是引起奶牛前肢、球关节挫伤和扭伤的主要原因；日常清粪依靠刮板或水冲式，粪污处理成本高；运动场露天，雨污无法分离，所以粪污处理难度和成本非常大。
因此，在奶牛养殖提倡节本增效的前提下，需要设计一种新型牛舍，不 仅可以降低牛舍建筑成本和日常运行管理成本，而且降低奶牛肢蹄病、乳腺炎等疾病发病率，实现高效、节本、健康、生态的养殖模式，提高奶牛养殖经济效益。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中的牛舍设置不当引起奶牛前肢、球关节挫伤和扭伤，且日常清粪依靠刮板或水冲式，导致粪污处理成本高；运动场露天，雨污无法分离，所以粪污处理难度和成本非常大等技术问题，本发明中提出了一种牛舍，可以降低牛舍建筑成本和日常运行管理成本，而且降低奶牛肢蹄病、乳腺炎等疾病发病率，实现高效、节本、健康、生态的养殖模式。
为了实现这一目标，本发明采取了如下的技术方案。
一种牛舍，包括牛床、给料通道、固定顶棚、活动顶棚、料槽、挡粪墙、护栏门，其中所述固定顶棚和活动顶棚覆盖所述牛床和水槽并多出50cm，所述挡粪墙和护栏门围绕所述牛床和料槽，所述固定顶棚和活动顶棚采用双斜坡设置，活动顶棚能够开启让阳光射入，以及交换空气形成对流。
其中，所述牛床不硬化，不设隔栏，与运动场合并。
其中，所述给料通道硬化，高于牛床30-100cm。
其中，所述给挡粪墙设置在牛床周围，高于牛床30-100cm。
其中，以无害化处理牛粪为垫料。
其中，水槽设置在挡粪墙外。
其中，所述固定顶棚下具有活动顶棚的滑槽，活动顶棚通过滑槽滑至固定顶棚下方，活动顶棚边缘具有电机带动活动顶棚滑动，活动顶棚边缘还有相互匹配的导向块和导向槽，导向槽连接至活动顶棚，导向块固定在牛舍外壁边缘，通过导向槽和导向块的配合，避免活动顶棚的横向移动。
根据本发明的一个方面，所述牛舍内具有内部温度传感器，所述牛舍外具有外部温度传感器、风速计、光电传感器和雨量感测器，所述牛舍内还具 有控制器，所述内部温度传感器、外部温度传感器、风速计、光电传感器和雨量感测器的信号均发送至控制器；其中，
所述内部温度传感器和所述外部温度传感器分别检测牛舍内部和外部的温度；
所述风速计检测牛舍外部的风速和风向；
所述光电传感器检测牛舍外部的阳光照度；
所述雨量传感器检测牛舍外部的雨量情况；
所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚的开启。
其中，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚的开启为以下条件同时满足：
牛舍外部的雨量情况为未下雨；
当牛舍内部的温度大于第一阈值；
牛舍外部的温度低于牛舍内部的温度差超过第二阈值；
牛舍外部的阳光照度低于第三阈值或牛舍外部的风速高于第四阈值。
或者，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚的开启为以下条件同时满足：
牛舍外部的雨量情况为未下雨；
当牛舍内部的温度低于第五阈值；
牛舍外部的温度高于牛舍内部的温度差超过第六阈值；
牛舍外部的阳光照度高于第七阈值或牛舍外部的风速低于第八阈值时。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述活动顶棚包括多个依次排列的活动顶棚块，所述多个顶棚块下分别具有托盘，托盘与顶棚块固定连接，所述托盘下具有第一支撑臂，第一支撑臂下具有第二支撑臂，第一支撑臂和第二支撑臂间通过第一枢纽连接，第二支撑臂下具有第二枢纽，所述第一枢纽调节控制顶棚 块、托盘和第一支撑臂的俯仰角，所述第二枢纽调节顶棚块、托盘、第一支撑臂、第一枢纽和第二支撑臂的翻滚角。
特别地，所述多个顶棚块下的第一枢纽和第二枢纽采用不同步控制，所述多个顶棚块可具备不同的俯仰角和翻滚角。
其中，所述牛舍内具有内部温度传感器，所述牛舍外具有外部温度传感器、风速计，所述内部温度传感器、外部温度传感器、风速计的信号均发送至控制器；其中，
所述内部温度传感器和所述外部温度传感器分别检测牛舍内部和外部的温度；
所述风速计检测牛舍外部的风速和风向；
所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角。
特别地，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角包括：
当牛舍内部的温度低于第九阈值时，
控制器控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角为阻挡风向。
又或者，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角包括：
当牛舍内部的温度高于第十阈值时，
控制器控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角为导通风向。
这样，通过采用本发明的牛舍，能够实现以下技术效果。
首先，牛舍顶棚采用固定顶棚和活动顶棚，且设计为双斜坡式，并在左右两边设有两级通风窗，用于牛舍内通风换气,保证室内空气循环流通，对于奶牛的健康大有裨益。
其次，活动顶棚，雨天和夏季伸出，有利于雨污分流、防暑降温；晴天 收缩，有助于提高发酵床的发酵效果。
另外，顶棚覆盖整个牛舍，严格控制雨污分离，保证整个牛舍和运动场表面不受雨污影响，牛舍无污水存留，降低粪污清理成本。
另外，牛床与运动场连为一体，无隔栏，与运动场连接成一体，地面不需硬化，节约建筑成本；免清粪，降低粪污处理成本。
另外，牛床铺设发酵床，配合生物菌剂分解粪污，提高牛的舒适度，增加牛的躺卧时间，能有效防止牛的肢蹄病、乳腺炎等疾病的发生，提高奶产量和奶品质。
另外，通过多个顶棚块的配置，能够避免移动巨大的顶棚，因此驱动设备也灵活轻便。
另外，多个顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角独立控制，因此能够更加灵活地利用阳光和通风。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明具体实施方式中牛舍的整体结构示意图。
图2为根据本发明具体实施方式中牛舍的整体结构示意图。
图3为根据本发明具体实施方式中牛舍的整体结构示意图。
图4为根据本发明具体实施方式中牛舍的固定顶棚和活动顶棚的结构示意图。
图5为根据本发明具体实施方式中牛舍的活动顶棚的驱动装置的结构示意图。
图6为根据本发明具体实施方式中牛舍的顶棚块及其驱动装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作详细说明。
以下公开详细的示范实施例。然而，此处公开的具体结构和功能细节仅 仅是出于描述示范实施例的目的。
然而，应该理解，本发明不局限于公开的具体示范实施例，而是覆盖落入本公开范围内的所有修改、等同物和替换物。在对全部附图的描述中，相同的附图标记表示相同的元件。
参阅附图，本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等，均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容，以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读，并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件，故不具技术上的实质意义，任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整，在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下，均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容得能涵盖的范围内。同时，本说明书中所引用的位置限定用语，亦仅为便于叙述的明了，而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围，其相对关系的改变或调整，在无实质变更技术内容下，当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
同时应该理解，如在此所用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的列出项的任意和所有组合。另外应该理解，当部件或单元被称为“连接”或“耦接”到另一部件或单元时，它可以直接连接或耦接到其他部件或单元，或者也可以存在中间部件或单元。此外，用来描述部件或单元之间关系的其他词语应该按照相同的方式理解(例如，“之间”对“直接之间”、“相邻”对“直接相邻”等)。
图1、图2和图3均为根据本发明具体实施方式中牛舍的整体结构示意图，下面进行统一说明。如图所示，本发明具体实施方式中的牛舍包括牛床5、固定顶棚1、活动顶棚2、料槽4、外围护栏8、护栏门9，水槽，其中所述固定顶棚1和活动顶棚2覆盖所述牛床5、料槽4和水槽，所述外围护栏8和护栏门9围绕所述牛床5和料槽4，所述固定顶棚1和活动顶棚2采用斜坡设置，活动顶棚2能够开启让阳光射入，以及交换空气形成对流。
更具体地，牛舍包括固定顶棚1、活动顶棚2、给料通道3、可升降料槽 4、牛床5、可升降水槽6、通风窗7、牛舍外围护栏8、护栏门9、挡料板10、挡粪墙11和风扇12。其中固定顶棚1、活动顶棚2采用双斜坡设置，在顶棚处设有两级通风窗7共计四处，用于牛舍内通风换气，有利于空气流通；在牛舍四周设置护栏8将牛舍围住，在牛舍左右两边分别设置两个护栏门9供牛出入；可升降水槽6设置在牛舍外侧；可升降料槽设置在给料通道3护栏处；给料通道3设置在牛舍中间，需要硬化，高于牛床至少50cm。牛床5地面平坦，不需硬化，直接制作发酵床；牛床5与运动场之间无隔栏，与运动场连接成一体。给料通道3和牛床5之间，不需设给料通道；将挡料板10设置在牛床5与给料通道3连接处，高于牛床；挡粪墙11设置在牛床5外周；牛舍顶棚安装风扇12。
在以上实施方式中，所述牛舍两侧固定顶棚1、活动顶棚2之间设置四处两级通风窗。所述给料通道3设置于牛舍中部，硬化给料通道地面并高于地面0.5-0.8m。
另外，所述料槽设置在牛舍给料通道3处，高度可调节。而所述水槽设置在牛舍护栏8外围，与护栏连接，高度也可调节。所述风扇设置在活动顶棚2下和牛舍内护栏8处。
因此，通过本发明具体实施方式，能够实现以下技术效果。
固定顶棚1、活动顶棚2设计为双斜坡式，并在左右两边设有两级通风窗7，用于牛舍内通风换气,保证室内空气循环流通。
另外，活动顶棚2可伸缩，雨天和夏季伸出，有利于雨污分流、防暑降温；晴天收缩，有助于提高发酵床的发酵效果。
另外，固定顶棚1、活动顶棚2覆盖整个牛舍，严格控制雨污分离，保证整个牛舍和运动场表面不受雨污影响，牛舍无污水存留，降低粪污清理成本。
另外，牛床5与运动场连为一体，无隔栏，与运动场连接成一体，地面 不需硬化，节约建筑成本；免清粪，降低粪污处理成本。
另外，牛舍使用可升降水槽6和料槽4。由于牛粪的原位发酵导致牛床的高度会越来越高，所以设计出高度可自由调节的水槽和料槽，便于牛的饲养。
牛床5铺设发酵床，配合生物菌剂分解粪污，提高牛的舒适度，增加牛的躺卧时间，能有效防止牛的蹄肢病、乳腺炎等疾病的发生，提高奶产量和奶品质。
在一个具体实施方式中，如图4所示，所述固定顶棚1下具有活动顶棚2的滑槽，活动顶棚2通过滑槽滑至固定顶棚1下方。特别地，如图5所示，活动顶棚21(这里的标号21表示其是活动顶棚2的一个特定实施方式)边缘具有电机22带动活动顶棚21滑动，活动顶棚21边缘还有相互匹配的导向块25和导向槽24，导向槽24连接至活动顶棚21，导向块25固定在牛舍外壁边缘，通过导向槽24和导向块25的配合，避免活动顶棚21的横向移动。
通过这样的方式，能够整体驱动活动顶棚21，将活动顶棚21完全收至固定顶棚1下面，节约了空间。
在本发明一个具体实施方式中，所述牛舍内具有内部温度传感器，所述牛舍外具有外部温度传感器、风速计、光电传感器和雨量感测器，所述牛舍内还具有控制器，所述内部温度传感器、外部温度传感器、风速计、光电传感器和雨量感测器的信号均发送至控制器；其中，
所述内部温度传感器和所述外部温度传感器分别检测牛舍内部和外部的温度；
所述风速计检测牛舍外部的风速和风向；
所述光电传感器检测牛舍外部的阳光照度；
所述雨量传感器检测牛舍外部的雨量情况；
所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光 照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚2的开启。
通过本发明的该具体实施方式，能够根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚2的开启，实现牛舍的智能化自动控制。
在本发明一个更加具体的实施方式中，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚2的开启为以下条件同时满足：
牛舍外部的雨量情况为未下雨；
当牛舍内部的温度大于第一阈值；
牛舍外部的温度低于牛舍内部的温度差超过第二阈值；
牛舍外部的阳光照度低于第三阈值或牛舍外部的风速高于第四阈值。
通过本发明的该具体实施方式，能够在牛舍内部温度过高，例如第一阈值为35摄氏度时，如果控制器发现室外温度相对较低，例如第二阈值(牛舍外部的温度低于牛舍内部的温度差)超过了3摄氏度，且当前并未下雨，外部阳光并非十分猛烈或者通风较好的情况下，开启活动顶棚2，为牛舍内进行主动降温。
在本发明另外一个更加具体的实施方式中，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚2的开启为以下条件同时满足：
牛舍外部的雨量情况为未下雨；
当牛舍内部的温度低于第五阈值；
牛舍外部的温度高于牛舍内部的温度差超过第六阈值；
牛舍外部的阳光照度高于第七阈值或牛舍外部的风速低于第八阈值时。
通过本发明的该具体实施方式，能够在牛舍内部温度过第，例如第五阈值为15摄氏度时，如果控制器发现室外温度相对较高，例如第六阈值(牛舍 外部的温度低于牛舍内部的温度差)超过了3摄氏度，且当前并未下雨，外部阳光比较强烈或者风力并不剧烈的情况下，开启活动顶棚2，为牛舍内进行主动降温。
以上实施方式中，活动顶棚2作为一个整体进行开启或者关闭，但是活动顶棚2的质量非常大，如果开启需要很大的扭矩，容易导致电机损毁，而且当部分区域需要开启、部分区域需要闭合，则整体式活动顶棚2难以实现，因此以下实施方式中，采用了分块控制的方式。但是需要明确的是，对于整体式活动顶棚2的一些控制逻辑，仍然可以用到分块式顶棚上。
如图6所述，根据本发明的另一具体实施方式，所述活动顶棚2包括多个依次排列的活动顶棚块201，所述多个顶棚块201下分别具有托盘202，托盘202与顶棚块201固定连接，所述托盘202下具有第一支撑臂203，第一支撑臂203下具有第二支撑臂205，第一支撑臂203和第二支撑臂205间通过第一枢纽204连接，第二支撑臂205下具有第二枢纽206，所述第一枢纽204调节控制顶棚块201、托盘202和第一支撑臂203的俯仰角，所述第二枢纽206调节顶棚块201、托盘202、第一支撑臂203、第一枢纽204和第二支撑臂205的翻滚角。
通过以上具体实施方式，多个顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角均能自由控制，这样实现了活动顶棚2的灵活自如的配置。
特别地，在一个更具体的实施方式中，所述多个顶棚块201下的第一枢纽204和第二枢纽206采用不同步控制，所述多个顶棚块201可具备不同的俯仰角和翻滚角。
这样，当需要部分顶棚块201开启、部分顶棚块202闭合，或者部分顶棚块201开启与其他部分顶棚块202的俯仰角和翻滚角不相同时，可以通过对其分别驱动控制来实现，因此配置比整体式活动顶棚2更加灵活。
在一个更加具体的实施方式中，所述牛舍内具有内部温度传感器，所述 牛舍外具有外部温度传感器、风速计，所述内部温度传感器、外部温度传感器、风速计的信号均发送至控制器；其中，
所述内部温度传感器和所述外部温度传感器分别检测牛舍内部和外部的温度；
所述风速计检测牛舍外部的风速和风向；
所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚2的顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角。
通过以上具体实施方式，根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚2的顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角。这样牛舍能够实现智能控制，自由根据外部条件来改变活动顶棚2的状态。
特别地，在一个更加具体的实施方式中，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角包括：
当牛舍内部的温度低于第九阈值时，
控制器控制活动顶棚的顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角为阻挡风向。
当牛舍内部的温度低于第九阈值时，例如低于20摄氏度时，活动顶棚的顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角被调整，这样可以采光的情况下挡住寒风，避免牛舍的温度进一步降低。
特别地，在一个更加具体的实施方式中，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角包括：
当牛舍内部的温度高于第十阈值时，
控制器控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角为导通风向。
当牛舍内部的温度高于第十阈值时，例如高于30摄氏度时，活动顶棚的顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角被调整，这样可以采光的情况下引入通风来主 动降低牛舍的温度。
另外，本领域内技术人员可知，前述实施方式中的阳光照度、雨量等参数也可以成为控制器调整顶棚块201的俯仰角和翻滚角考虑的因素，实现自动化、智能化的牛舍设计。
上述说明示出并描述了本发明的若干优选实施例，但如前所述，应当理解本发明并非局限于本说明书所披露的形式，不应看作是对其他实施例的排除，而可用于各种其他组合、修改和环境，并能够在本说明书所述发明构想范围内，通过上述教导或相关领域的技术或知识进行改动。而本领域人员所进行的改动和变化不脱离本发明的精神和范围，则都应在本发明所附权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种牛舍，包括牛床、给料通道、固定顶棚、活动顶棚、料槽、挡粪墙、护栏门，其中所述固定顶棚和活动顶棚覆盖所述牛床和水槽并多出50cm，所述挡粪墙和护栏门围绕所述牛床和料槽，所述固定顶棚和活动顶棚采用双斜坡设置，活动顶棚能够开启让阳光射入，以及交换空气形成对流。
  2. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述牛床不硬化，不设隔栏，与运动场合并。
  3. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述给料通道硬化，高于牛床30-100cm。
  4. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述挡粪墙设置在牛床周围，高于牛床30-100cm。
  5. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，以无害化处理牛粪为垫料。
  6. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，水槽设置在挡粪墙外。
  7. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述固定顶棚下具有活动顶棚的滑槽，活动顶棚通过滑槽滑至固定顶棚下方，活动顶棚边缘具有电机带动活动顶棚滑动，活动顶棚边缘还有相互匹配的导向块和导向槽，导向槽连接至活动顶棚，导向块固定在牛舍外壁边缘，通过导向槽和导向块的配合，避免活动顶棚的横向移动。
  8. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述牛舍内具有内部温度传感器，所述牛舍外具有外部温度传感器、风速计、光电传感器和雨量感测器，所述牛舍内还具有控制器，所述内部温度传感器、外部温度传感器、风速计、光电传感器和雨量感测器的信号均发送至控制器；其中，
    所述内部温度传感器和所述外部温度传感器分别检测牛舍内部和外部的温度；
    所述风速计检测牛舍外部的风速和风向；
    所述光电传感器检测牛舍外部的阳光照度；
    所述雨量传感器检测牛舍外部的雨量情况；
    所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚的开启。
  9. 根据权利要求8中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚的开启为以下条件同时满足：
    牛舍外部的雨量情况为未下雨；
    当牛舍内部的温度大于第一阈值；
    牛舍外部的温度低于牛舍内部的温度差超过第二阈值；
    牛舍外部的阳光照度低于第三阈值或牛舍外部的风速高于第四阈值。
  10. 根据权利要求8中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向、阳光照度和雨量情况，控制活动顶棚的开启为以下条件同时满足：
    牛舍外部的雨量情况为未下雨；
    当牛舍内部的温度低于第五阈值；
    牛舍外部的温度高于牛舍内部的温度差超过第六阈值；
    牛舍外部的阳光照度高于第七阈值或牛舍外部的风速低于第八阈值时。
  11. 根据权利要求1中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述活动顶棚包括多个依次排列的活动顶棚块，所述多个顶棚块下分别具有托盘，托盘与顶棚块固定连接，所述托盘下具有第一支撑臂，第一支撑臂下具有第二支撑臂，第一支撑臂和第二支撑臂间通过第一枢纽连接，第二支撑臂下具有第二枢纽，所述第一枢纽调节控制顶棚块、托盘和第一支撑臂的俯仰角，所述第二枢纽调节顶棚块、托盘、第一支撑臂、第一枢纽和第二支撑臂的翻滚角。
  12. 根据权利要求11中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述多个顶棚块下的 第一枢纽和第二枢纽采用不同步控制，所述多个顶棚块可具备不同的俯仰角和翻滚角。
  13. 根据权利要求11中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述牛舍内具有内部温度传感器，所述牛舍外具有外部温度传感器、风速计，所述内部温度传感器、外部温度传感器、风速计的信号均发送至控制器；其中，
    所述内部温度传感器和所述外部温度传感器分别检测牛舍内部和外部的温度；
    所述风速计检测牛舍外部的风速和风向；
    所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角。
  14. 根据权利要求13中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角包括：
    当牛舍内部的温度低于第九阈值时，
    控制器控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角为阻挡风向。
  15. 根据权利要求13中所述的牛舍，其特征在于，所述控制器根据牛舍内部和外部的温度、牛舍外部的风速和风向控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角包括：
    当牛舍内部的温度高于第十阈值时，
    控制器控制活动顶棚的顶棚块的俯仰角和翻滚角为导通风向。
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