WO2020134248A1 - 量子点发光二极管及其制备方法 - Google Patents

量子点发光二极管及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2020134248A1
WO2020134248A1 PCT/CN2019/108097 CN2019108097W WO2020134248A1 WO 2020134248 A1 WO2020134248 A1 WO 2020134248A1 CN 2019108097 W CN2019108097 W CN 2019108097W WO 2020134248 A1 WO2020134248 A1 WO 2020134248A1
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quantum dot
layer
dot light
light emitting
emitting diode
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French (fr)
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雷卉
曹蔚然
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TCL Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H10SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10KORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80Constructional details
    • H10K50/85Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K50/852Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair

Definitions

  • Quantum dot light emitting diode and preparation method thereof
  • the present application relates to the field of display technology, in particular to a quantum dot light emitting diode and a method of manufacturing the same.
  • Quadratum Dot Light Emitting Diode and OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) have gained more and more attention due to their advantages of high brightness, low power consumption, wide color gamut, etc. Technology, and form a chamber of resistance.
  • QLED has shown great application potential due to its advantages such as low start-up voltage, narrow emission peak and adjustable emission wavelength.
  • the low light extraction efficiency of the device has always been one of the focuses of researchers.
  • the methods commonly used to improve the light-emitting efficiency of the device include controlling the thickness of the device based on the microcavity effect and using photonic crystals. However, such methods usually have complicated procedures and high control difficulty, which is not conducive to implementation.
  • One of the purposes of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a quantum dot light emitting diode and a method for manufacturing the same, aiming to solve the technical problem of low light extraction efficiency of existing QLED devices.
  • a quantum dot light emitting diode including a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and a quantum dot light emitting layer disposed between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, the quantum dot light emitting diode It is a bottom-emission type quantum dot light-emitting diode, and the bottom electrode is provided near the surface of the quantum dot light-emitting layer with Nanopillar array composed of dry nanopillars;
  • the diameter of the nanopillar is X/(4X11,), and the spacing between any two adjacent nanopillars is X/(4xn 2 );
  • k is The center wavelength of the output light of the quantum dot light emitting diode
  • ni is the refractive index of the nanopillar
  • n 2 is the refractive index of the filling material between the nanopillars
  • a backfill layer is provided on the surface of the nanopillar array, the material of the backfill layer is the filling material filled between two adjacent nanopillars, the refractive index of the nanopillars and the The refractive indexes of the backfill layers are not equal.
  • the bottom electrode is an anode
  • the top electrode is a cathode
  • a hole function layer is provided between the backfill layer and the quantum dot light-emitting layer.
  • the bottom electrode is an anode
  • the top electrode is a cathode
  • an electronic functional layer is provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer.
  • the bottom electrode is a cathode
  • the top electrode is an anode
  • an electronic functional layer is provided between the backfill layer and the quantum dot light-emitting layer
  • the bottom electrode is a cathode
  • the top electrode is an anode
  • a hole function layer is provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer.
  • the bottom electrode is a cathode
  • the top electrode is an anode
  • an electronic functional layer is provided on the surface of the nanopillar array
  • the material of the electronic functional layer is the filler material filled in the phase Between two adjacent nanopillars, the refractive index of the electronic functional layer is not equal to the refractive index of the nanopillars.
  • the electronic functional layer is an electron injection layer.
  • a hole function layer is provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light emitting layer.
  • the bottom electrode is an anode
  • the top electrode is a cathode
  • a hole functional layer is provided on the surface of the nanopillar array
  • the material of the hole functional layer is filled with the filling material Between two adjacent nano-pillars, the refractive index of the hole functional layer is not equal to the refractive index of the nano-pillars.
  • the hole functional layer is a hole injection layer.
  • an electronic functional layer is provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light emitting layer.
  • the second aspect provides a method for manufacturing a quantum dot light emitting diode, including the following steps:
  • the diameter of the nanopillar is X/ (4x ni ), and the distance between any two adjacent nanopillars is X/ (4xn 2 ); where k is The center wavelength of the output light of the quantum dot light emitting diode, ni is the refractive index of the material of the nano-pillars, 11 2 is the refractive index of the filling material between the nano-pillars, Kn ! ⁇ n 2°
  • the step of preparing a nano-pillar array on the surface of the bottom electrode includes:
  • the diameter of the PS nanospheres in the PS nanosphere solution is 50-2000 nm.
  • the mass percentage of PS nanospheres in the PS nanosphere solution is 0.1-10%.
  • the single-layer PS nanosphere thin film with a reduced diameter of the PS nanosphere is used as a mask, and an etching solution is used to etch the bottom electrode; wherein, the etching solution At least one selected from hydrofluoric acid solution, nitric acid solution, phosphoric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution and acetic acid solution.
  • an etching solution is used to etch the bottom electrode at a temperature of 20-100°C.
  • the etching liquid is used to etch the bottom electrode for ls-5h.
  • the etching solution contains at least one of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride and acetone.
  • the beneficial effects of the quantum dot light emitting diode are as follows: the bottom electrode in the quantum dot light emitting diode is provided with a nanopillar array composed of several nanopillars near the surface of the quantum dot light emitting layer; The diameter of the nanopillar is X/ (4x ni ), and the distance between any two adjacent nanopillars is X/ (4xn 2 ), which can be understood as the distance between the lateral optical thickness of the nanopillar and the nanopillar The filling material has the same lateral optical thickness.
  • the beneficial effects of the manufacturing method of the quantum dot light emitting diode provided by the embodiments of the present application are as follows:
  • the manufacturing method is a high repeatability, low cost, and high light efficiency device manufacturing method.
  • the bottom A nanopillar array composed of the same nanopillars is prepared on the surface of the electrode.
  • the diameter of the nanopillar is X/(4xn !
  • nanopillar array forms an effect similar to a ring-shaped Bragg reflector, thereby greatly improving the light extraction efficiency of the final device. .
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a QLED device with a ring-like Bragg reflector nanopillar array structure in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a quantum dot light emitting diode according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a single-layer PS nanosphere film prepared on the surface of an ITO layer according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 4 is a top view of a single-layer PS nanosphere film prepared on the surface of an ITO layer according to an example of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of the results of etching a single-layer PS nanosphere film to adjust the size of PS nanospheres according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of an ITO layer covered with a single-layer PS nanosphere thin film using an etching solution according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 7 is a strip obtained after removing PS nanospheres according to an embodiment of the present application A cross-sectional view of the ITO layer of the nano-pillar array structure;
  • FIG. 8 is a top view of an ITO layer with a nano-pillar array structure obtained by removing PS nanospheres according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the ITO layer has a ring-like Bragg reflector structure.
  • Some embodiments of the present application provide a quantum dot light emitting diode, including a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and a quantum dot light emitting layer disposed between the bottom electrode and the top electrode, the quantum dot light emitting diode is a bottom An emission type quantum dot light emitting diode, the bottom electrode is provided with a nanocolumn array composed of several nanopillars near the surface of the quantum dot light emitting layer;
  • the diameter of the nanopillar is X/(4X11,), and the spacing between any two adjacent nanopillars is X/(4xn 2 ); where, k is The center wavelength of the output light of the quantum dot light emitting diode is the refractive index of the nanopillars, n 2 is the refractive index of the filling material between the nanopillars, and n
  • a nanopillar array composed of several nanopillars is provided on the surface of the bottom electrode close to the quantum dot light emitting layer; in the nanopillar array, the diameter of the nanopillars M/ (4X11 ,), and the distance between any two adjacent nano-pillars is X/ (4xn 2 ), it can be understood that the lateral optical thickness of the nano-pillar is the same as the lateral optical thickness of the filling material between the nano-pillars .
  • the light emitted from the quantum dot luminous layer When the light emitted from the quantum dot luminous layer is propagating, it passes through the shape-like ring Bragg When the reflector is used, part of the light originally emitted from the side of the device can be reflected to the bottom of the device to exit, thereby reducing the side light emission and greatly improving the light extraction efficiency of the device.
  • the center wavelength of the output light of the light emitting diode is mainly determined by the light emitting wavelength of the quantum dot light emitting material, for example, when designing a blue quantum dot light emitting diode, due to the wavelength of blue light
  • the range is usually 400 ⁇ 480nm
  • the center wavelength is 440nm, but due to luminescence
  • the center wavelength will change during the use process (such as the entire life cycle).
  • the diameter, period, height, etc. of the nanopillars in the nanopillar array can be adjusted to match the optimal ring-shaped Bragg reflector Nanopillar array.
  • a backfill layer is provided on the surface of the nanopillar array, and the material of the backfill layer is that the filling material is filled between two adjacent nanopillars, the The refractive index of the nano-pillar is not equal to the refractive index of the backfill layer.
  • a functional layer may also be provided between the backfill layer and the quantum dot light-emitting layer; if the bottom electrode is an anode, a hole functional layer may also be provided between the backfill layer and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, specifically It may be a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, and an electronic functional layer may also be provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer.
  • an electron functional layer may be provided between the backfill layer and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, such as an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer, and holes may also be provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer Function layer.
  • the bottom electrode is a cathode
  • the top electrode is an anode
  • an electronic functional layer is provided on the surface of the nanopillar array
  • the material of the electronic functional layer is The filling material is filled between two adjacent nano-pillars, and the refractive index of the electronic functional layer is not equal to the refractive index of the nano-pillars;
  • the electronic functional layer is an electron transport layer, the electron transport layer material is filled in the phase Between two adjacent nano-pillars, if the electron functional layer is an electron injection layer, the material of the electron injection layer is filled between the two adjacent nano-pillars; a hole functional layer is provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer,
  • the hole functional layer may be a hole transport layer, or a layered hole transport layer and hole injection layer, the hole injection layer and the top electrode Very adjacent.
  • the bottom electrode is an anode
  • the top electrode is a cathode
  • the surface of the nano-pillar array is provided with a hole function layer
  • the hole function layer The material is that the filling material is filled between two adjacent nano-pillars, the refractive index of the hole functional layer and the refractive index of the nano-pillars are not equal; if the hole functional layer is a hole transport layer, the holes The work transport material is filled in the gap between the nanopillars.
  • the hole functional layer is a hole injection layer, and the hole injection layer material fills the gap between the nanopillars.
  • the hole functional layer is A hole injection layer; an electron functional layer is provided between the top electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer, the electron functional layer may be an electron transport layer, or a stacked electron transport layer and an electron injection layer, the electron injection layer and the top The electrodes are adjacent.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for manufacturing a quantum dot light emitting diode, as shown in FIG. 2, including the following steps:
  • S02 preparing a nano-pillar array on the surface of the bottom electrode
  • the diameter of the nanopillar is X/(4X11,), and the spacing between any two adjacent nanopillars is X/(4xn 2 ); where, k is the center wavelength of the output light of said quantum dot light emitting diode, the refractive index of the material of the nano-pillars, the filler material 112 is between the refractive index of the nano-pillars, Kn! ⁇ n 2 °
  • the preparation method of the quantum dot light-emitting diode provided by the embodiments of the present application is a high repeatability, low cost and high light efficiency device preparation method.
  • the same nanopillars are prepared on the surface of the bottom electrode
  • a nanopillar array composed of, in the nanopillar array, the diameter of the nanopillar is X/(4xn J, and the spacing between any two adjacent nanopillars is X/(4xn 2 ), such a nanometer
  • the column array forms an effect similar to the ring-shaped Bragg reflector, thereby greatly improving the light extraction efficiency of the finally fabricated device.
  • the step of preparing a nano-pillar array on the surface of the bottom electrode includes:
  • the PS (Polystyrene, polystyrene) nanospheres in the PS nanosphere solution have a diameter of 50-2000 nm, and thus the spacing between two adjacent nanopillars prepared on the bottom electrode is 25- 1000nm.
  • the mass percentage of PS nanospheres in the PS nanosphere solution is 0.1-10%.
  • the prepared PS nanosphere solution can be prepared with deionized water/ethanol mixture.
  • the single-layer PS nanosphere thin film is etched by reactive ion etching (RIE, Reactive Ion Etching) method; wherein, the etching atmosphere is selected in the reactive ion etching method From at least one of oxygen and carbon tetrafluoride, the flow rate may be l ⁇ 200sccm; and/or, the etching power is 0.1-100W; and/or, the etching time is l-500s.
  • RIE reactive ion etching
  • the single-layer PS nanosphere thin film with a reduced diameter of the PS nanosphere is used as a mask, and the bottom electrode is etched using an etching solution.
  • the etching solution is selected from at least one of hydrofluoric acid solution, nitric acid solution, phosphoric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, hydrochloric acid solution and acetic acid solution
  • the bottom electrode is an ITO electrode, these etching solutions react with ITO but are not No corrosion or weak corrosion effect of the nanospheres
  • the temperature for etching the bottom electrode with an etching solution is 20-100°C
  • the time for etching the bottom electrode with an etching solution is ls-5h ;
  • the etching solution contains at least one of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride and acetone.
  • a method for manufacturing a high-efficiency QLED device includes the following steps:
  • S1 preparing an ITO electrode on a transparent substrate.
  • S2 On the ITO electrode, the PS nanospheres are used as a mask, the nanospheres are further etched by RIE, and then the nanopillar array is prepared by a solution method, thereby obtaining an ITO layer with the nanopillar array.
  • the diameter of the prepared ITO nanopillar is X/ (4x ni ), Is the refractive index of the nanopillar, k is the center wavelength of the output light, that is, the lateral optical thickness of the nanopillar is 1/4 of the center wavelength of the output light.
  • S3 a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, and an electron transport layer are sequentially prepared on the ITO layer
  • the hole injection layer can be adjacent to the ITO layer.
  • the distance between two adjacent nanopillars is X/ (4xn 2 ).
  • the refractive index of the n 2 hole injection layer material, that is, the hole injection layer is filled into the nanopillar
  • the lateral optical thickness of the gap between them is 1/4 of the center wavelength of the output light.
  • a QLED device with high light extraction efficiency whose structure is shown in FIG. 1, includes an anode, a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a quantum dot light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode from bottom to top.
  • a nanopillar array composed of several nanopillars is provided on the surface of the anode near the hole injection layer, and the hole injection layer material is filled in the gap between the nanopillars; in the nanopillar array, the diameter of the nanopillar is X / (4x ni ), and the distance between any two adjacent nano-pillars is X/ (4xn 2 ); where, X is the center wavelength of the output light of the quantum dot light-emitting diode, and is the refraction of the nano-pillars Ratio, n 2 is the refractive index of the hole injection layer material, and n #n 2 .
  • the manufacturing method of the device includes the following steps:
  • S11 preparing an ITO electrode (ie, an anode) on a transparent substrate, which may be a rigid or flexible substrate.
  • the preparation method of the ITO electrode can be prepared by traditional sputtering, evaporation and other methods.
  • S12 preparing a single layer periodic order PS nanosphere mask on the surface of the ITO layer. Based on the PS nanosphere suspension (the solvent can be deionized water or ethanol), a single-layer PS nanosphere thin film was prepared on the ITO surface by self-organizing method, spin coating method, etc. (as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4).
  • the solvent can be deionized water or ethanol
  • the diameter of the PS nanospheres may be 50 to 2000 nm, and the prepared PS nanosphere deionized water/ethanol mixed liquid has a mass percentage of 0.1 to 10%.
  • PS nanospheres of the same size a single-layer periodic ordered PS nanosphere thin film with hexagonal close-packed structure can be obtained.
  • RIE etching to reduce the size of the PS nanospheres and increase the gap between the PS nanospheres (as shown in FIG. 5); wherein, the etching atmosphere may be a single oxygen/carbon tetrafluoride/ Mixed gas flow, the flow rate can be 1 ⁇ 200 seem, the etching power can be 0.1 ⁇ 100W, and the etching time can be l ⁇ 500s.
  • the etching atmosphere may be a single oxygen/carbon tetrafluoride/ Mixed gas flow, the flow rate can be 1 ⁇ 200 seem, the etching power can be 0.1 ⁇ 100W, and the etching time can be l ⁇ 500s.
  • S13 Preparation of nano-pillar array by solution method: selection can react with ITO but no corrosion of PS nanospheres or The ITO etching solution with weak corrosion effect etches the ITO layer covered with the PS nanosphere mask. Due to the blocking effect of the PS nanosphere mask, the ITO etching solution can react and etch the ITO without covering the PS nanospheres. (As shown in Figure 6); After the etching is completed, the residual PS nanospheres are removed by a solution method, a cauterization method, etc., to obtain a nanopillar array with the same period and size as the PS nanosphere mask plate (as shown in Figures 7 and 8) Shown).
  • the ITO etching solution may be a single/mixed acid solution of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, etc., its concentration may be 0.1-20%, and the etching temperature may be 20-100 °C, the etching time can be ls ⁇ 5 h.
  • inorganic salts such as ferric chloride and ferrous chloride, and solvents such as acetone can be added to adjust the etching effect.
  • Quantum dot light-emitting layer Quantum dot light-emitting layer, electron transport layer, metal electrode (ie cathode), so as to obtain a complete QLED device as shown in Figure 1.

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Abstract

一种量子点发光二极管及其制备方法。该量子点发光二极管包括底电极、顶电极以及设置在所述底电极和所述顶电极之间的量子点发光层,所述量子点发光二极管为底发射型量子点发光二极管,所述底电极靠近所述量子点发光层的表面设置有若干纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列;所述纳米柱阵列中,所述纳米柱阵列中,所述纳米柱的直径为λ/(4×n 1),且任意相邻两个纳米柱之间的间距均为λ/(4×n 2);其中,λ为所述量子点发光二极管的输出光中心波长,n 1为所述纳米柱的材料的折射率,n 2为所述纳米柱之间的材料的折射率,且n 1≠n 2

Description

量子点发光二极管及其制备方法
[0001] 本申请要求于 2018年 12月 29日在中国专利局提交的、 申请号为 2018116459788
、 发明名称为“量子点发光二极管及其制备方法”的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全 部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
[0002] 本申请涉及显示技术领域, 具体涉及一种量子点发光二极管及其制备方法。
背景技术
[0003] 近年来, QLED (Quantum Dot Light Emitting
Diode , 量子点发光二极管) 和 OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode, 有机发光 二极管) 由于其高亮度、 低功耗、 广色域等优点获得了越来越多的关注, 逐渐 成为显示领域的两大主流技术, 并形成分庭抗礼之势。 而 QLED因其低启亮电压 、 窄发光峰、 发光波长可调等优势, 展示出了巨大的应用潜力。
[0004] 而在 QLED器件性能方面, 器件的出光效率较低一直是研究者们关注的重点之 一。 目前常用的提高器件出光效率的方法有基于微腔效应控制器件厚度、 利用 光子晶体等, 但此类方法通常工序复杂, 控制难度高, 不利于实施。
[0005] 因此, 相关技术有待改进。
发明概述
技术问题
[0006] 本申请实施例的目的之一在于: 提供一种量子点发光二极管及其制备方法, 旨 在解决现有 QLED器件的出光效率低的技术问题。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0007] 为解决上述技术问题, 本申请实施例采用的技术方案是:
[0008] 第一方面, 提供了一种一种量子点发光二极管, 包括底电极、 顶电极以及设置 在所述底电极和所述顶电极之间的量子点发光层, 所述量子点发光二极管为底 发射型量子点发光二极管, 所述底电极靠近所述量子点发光层的表面设置有若 干纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列;
[0009] 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4X11 ,) , 且任意相邻两个纳米柱 之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) ; 其中, k为所述量子点发光二极管的输出光中心波 长, n i为所述纳米柱的折射率, n 2为所述纳米柱之间的填充材料的折射率, 且 n i^n 2
[0010] 在一个实施例中, 所述纳米柱阵列表面设置有回填层, 所述回填层的材料为所 述填充材料填充在相邻两纳米柱之间, 所述纳米柱的折射率与所述回填层的折 射率不相等。
[0011] 在一个实施例中, 所述底电极为阳极, 所述顶电极为阴极, 所述回填层与所述 量子点发光层之间设置有空穴功能层。
[0012] 在一个实施例中, 所述底电极为阳极, 所述顶电极为阴极, 所述顶电极与所述 量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层。
[0013] 在一个实施例中, 所述底电极为阴极, 所述顶电极为阳极, 所述回填层与所述 量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层
[0014] 在一个实施例中, 所述底电极为阴极, 所述顶电极为阳极, 所述顶电极与所述 量子点发光层之间设置有空穴功能层。
[0015] 在一个实施例中, 所述底电极为阴极, 所述顶电极为阳极, 所述纳米柱阵列表 面设置有电子功能层, 所述电子功能层的材料为所述填充材料填充在相邻两纳 米柱之间, 所述电子功能层的折射率与所述纳米柱的折射率不相等。
[0016] 在一个实施例中, 所述电子功能层为电子注入层。
[0017] 在一个实施例中, 所述顶电极与所述量子点发光层之间设置有空穴功能层。
[0018] 在一个实施例中, 所述底电极为阳极, 所述顶电极为阴极, 所述纳米柱阵列表 面设置有空穴功能层, 所述空穴功能层的材料为所述填充材料填充在相邻两纳 米柱之间, 所述空穴功能层的折射率与所述纳米柱的折射率不相等。
[0019] 在一个实施例中, 所述空穴功能层为空穴注入层。
[0020] 在一个实施例中, 所述顶电极与所述量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层。
[0021] 第二方面, 提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法, 包括如下步骤:
[0022] 提供底电极; [0023] 在所述底电极表面制备纳米柱阵列;
[0024] 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4xn i) , 且任意相邻两个纳米柱 之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) ; 其中, k为所述量子点发光二极管的输出光中心波 长, n i为所述纳米柱的材料的折射率, 11 2为所述纳米柱之间的填充材料的折射 率, Kn !^n
[0025] 在一个实施例中, 在所述底电极表面制备纳米柱阵列的步骤包括:
[0026] 在所述底电极表面沉积 PS纳米球溶液, 得到单层 PS纳米球薄膜; 所述 PS纳米 球溶液中的 PS纳米球直径相同;
[0027] 将所述单层 PS纳米球薄膜刻蚀处理, 使所述 PS纳米球直径的尺寸缩小, 得到 P S纳米球直径缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜;
[0028] 以所述 PS纳米球直径缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜为掩膜版, 对所述底电极进行刻 蚀处理, 然后去除 PS纳米球, 在底电极表面形成有相同纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵 列。
[0029] 在一个实施例中, 所述 PS纳米球溶液中的 PS纳米球直径为 50-2000nm。
[0030] 在一个实施例中, 所述 PS纳米球溶液中的 PS纳米球的质量百分比为 0.1-10%。
[0031] 在一个实施例中, 以所述 PS纳米球直径缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜为掩膜版, 采 用刻蚀液对所述底电极进行刻蚀处理; 其中, 所述刻蚀液选自氢氟酸溶液、 硝 酸溶液、 磷酸溶液、 硫酸溶液、 盐酸溶液和醋酸溶液中的至少一种。
[0032] 在一个实施例中, 采用刻蚀液对所述底电极进行刻蚀处理的温度为 20-100°C。
[0033] 在一个实施例中, 采用刻蚀液对所述底电极进行刻蚀处理的时间为 ls-5h。
[0034] 在一个实施例中, 所述刻蚀液中含有氯化铁、 氯化亚铁和丙酮中的至少一种。
[0035] 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管的有益效果在于: 在量子点发光二极管 中的底电极靠近量子点发光层的表面设置有若干纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列; 该 纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4xn i) , 且任意相邻两个纳米柱之间的 间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) , 可以理解为纳米柱的横向光学厚度与纳米柱之间的填充材 料的横向光学厚度相同。 如此, 每根纳米柱周围均等间距地分布六根相同的纳 米柱, 并向外延伸若干个周期, 在横向上形成了高、 低两个不同折射率材料交 替重复若干个周期的特殊六角密排多层结构, 从而形成了类似于环形布拉格反 射镜的效果, 当从量子点发光层出射的光在传播过程中, 经过布拉格反射镜时 , 可将原本从器件侧面发出的光部分反射至器件底部出射, 从而减少了侧面出 光, 可大幅提升器件的出光效率。
[0036] 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管的制备方法的有益效果在于: 该制备方 法是一种可重复性高、 成本低廉的高出光效率的器件制备方法, 该制备方法中 , 在底电极的表面制备有相同纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列, 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4xn !
) 且任意相邻两个纳米柱之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) 这样的纳米柱阵列形成 了类似于环形布拉格反射镜的效果, 从而使最终制得的器件的出光效率得到大 幅提升。
发明的有益效果
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0037] 为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案, 下面将对实施例或示范性技术 描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅 是本申请的一些实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动 的前提下, 还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
[0038] 图 1为本申请实施例中的带有类环形布拉格反射镜纳米柱阵列结构的 QLED器件 结构示意图;
[0039] 图 2为本申请实施例的量子点发光二极管的制备方法流程图;
[0040] 图 3为本申请实施例在 ITO层表面制备的单层 PS纳米球薄膜的剖视图;
[0041] 图 4为本申请实施例在 ITO层表面制备的单层 PS纳米球薄膜的俯视图;
[0042] 图 5为本申请实施例刻蚀单层 PS纳米球薄膜调控 PS纳米球大小的结果图;
[0043] 图 6为本申请实施例用刻蚀液对覆盖了单层 PS纳米球薄膜的 ITO层的结构图; [0044] 图 7为本申请实施例去除了 PS纳米球后获得的带有纳米柱阵列结构的 ITO层的 剖视图;
[0045] 图 8为本申请实施例去除了 PS纳米球后获得的带有纳米柱阵列结构的 ITO层的 俯视图, 该 ITO层具有类环形布拉格反射镜结构。 发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0046] 为了使本申请的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下结合附图及实施例 , 对本申请进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解, 此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以 解释本申请, 并不用于限定本申请。
[0047] 本申请一些实施例提供一种量子点发光二极管, 包括底电极、 顶电极以及设置 在所述底电极和所述顶电极之间的量子点发光层, 所述量子点发光二极管为底 发射型量子点发光二极管, 所述底电极靠近所述量子点发光层的表面设置有若 干纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列;
[0048] 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4X11 ,) , 且任意相邻两个纳米柱 之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) ; 其中, k为所述量子点发光二极管的输出光中心波 长, 为所述纳米柱的折射率, n 2为所述纳米柱之间的填充材料的折射率, 且 n
1 n 2
[0049] 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管中, 在底电极靠近所述量子点发光层的 表面设置有若干纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列; 该纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直 径 M/ (4X11 ,) , 且任意相邻两个纳米柱之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) , 可以理解 为纳米柱的横向光学厚度与纳米柱之间的填充材料的横向光学厚度相同。 如此 , 每根纳米柱周围均等间距地分布六根相同的纳米柱, 并向外延伸若干个周期 , 在横向上形成了高、 低两个不同折射率材料交替重复若干个周期的特殊六角 密排多层结构, 从而形成了类似于环形布拉格反射镜的效果; 如图 8所示, 每根 纳米柱周围均等间距 (b为相邻纳米柱之间间距, b=X/ (4xn 2) ) 地分布六根相 同的纳米柱, 且该间距与纳米柱直径相同 (a为纳米柱直径, a=X/ (4xn i) ) , 当从量子点发光层出射的光在传播过程中, 经过类形环布拉格反射镜时, 可将 原本从器件侧面发出的光部分反射至器件底部出射, 从而减少了侧面出光, 可 大幅提升器件的出光效率。
[0050] 需要说明的是, 在本方案具体实施时, 发光二极管的输出光中心波长主要是由 量子点发光材料的发光波长决定的, 例如在设计一个蓝光量子点发光二极管时 , 由于蓝光的波长范围通常是 400~480nm, 其中心波长是 440nm, 但是由于发光 二级管使用过程中, 由于各种原因, 例如材料老化, 器件老化等各种因素影响 , 在使用过程 (例如整个生命周期中) 中心波长会发生变化, 本方案中的中心 波长需要考虑到这些因素, 因此本申请实施例中的中心波长是以某一单色的标 准中心波长为中心的浮动值, 即中心波长 X=标准中心波长 k Q±AX, 具体 AX的取值 , 本领域技术人员可以根据其具体实施的经验选择, 例如对于蓝光, AX可以取 2 Onm, 因此, 由于设计发光二级管的中心波长是一个范围值, 在应用本方案时, 设计纳米柱的直径时, 则可以根据 X/ (4xn ,) 的范围, 具体选择一个合适的具体 直径。
[0051] 针对其他颜色的量子点发光二极管, 本申请实施例与蓝光类似, 本申请实施例 在此不作赘述。
[0052] 在一实施例中, 该量子点发光二极管中, 可根据出光中心波长的需要, 可通过 调控纳米柱阵列中纳米柱的直径、 周期、 高度等, 匹配最优的类环形布拉格反 射镜纳米柱阵列。
[0053] 在一实施例中, 该量子点发光二极管中, 所述纳米柱阵列表面设置有回填层, 所述回填层的材料为所述填充材料填充在相邻两纳米柱之间, 所述纳米柱的折 射率与所述回填层的折射率不相等。 在一实施例中, 所述回填层和量子点发光 层之间还可以设置有功能层; 如底电极为阳极, 回填层和量子点发光层之间还 可以设置有空穴功能层, 具体地, 可以是空穴注入层和空穴传输层, 而顶电极 与所述量子点发光层之间还可以设置有电子功能层。 如底电极为阴极, 回填层 和量子点发光层之间还可以设置有电子功能层, 如电子注入层和电子传输层, 而顶电极与所述量子点发光层之间还可以设置有空穴功能层。
[0054] 在一实施例中, 该量子点发光二极管中, 所述底电极为阴极, 所述顶电极为阳 极, 所述纳米柱阵列表面设置有电子功能层, 所述电子功能层的材料为所述填 充材料填充在相邻两纳米柱之间, 所述电子功能层的折射率与所述纳米柱的折 射率不相等; 如电子功能层为电子传输层, 则电子传输层材料填充在相邻两纳 米柱之间, 如电子功能层为电子注入层, 电子注入层材料填充在相邻两纳米柱 之间; 所述顶电极与所述量子点发光层之间设置有空穴功能层, 空穴功能层可 以为空穴传输层, 或层叠设置的空穴传输层和空穴注入层, 空穴注入层与顶电 极相邻。
[0055] 在一实施例中, 该量子点发光二极管中, 所述底电极为阳极, 所述顶电极为阴 极, 所述纳米柱阵列表面设置有空穴功能层, 所述空穴功能层的材料为所述填 充材料填充在相邻两纳米柱之间, 所述空穴功能层的折射率与所述纳米柱的折 射率不相等; 如空穴功能层为空穴传输层, 则空穴功传输材料填充在纳米柱之 间的间隙内, 如空穴功能层为空穴注入层, 空穴注入层材料填充纳米柱之间的 间隙内, 本申请实施例中, 该空穴功能层为空穴注入层; 所述顶电极与所述量 子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层, 电子功能层可以为电子传输层, 或层叠设 置的电子传输层和电子注入层, 电子注入层与顶电极相邻。
[0056] 另一方面, 本申请实施例还提供了一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法, 如图 2 所示, 包括如下步骤:
[0057] S01: 提供底电极;
[0058] S02: 在所述底电极表面制备纳米柱阵列;
[0059] 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为X/ (4X11 ,) , 且任意相邻两个纳米柱 之间的间距均为X/ (4xn2) ; 其中, k为所述量子点发光二极管的输出光中心波 长, 为所述纳米柱的材料的折射率, 11 2为所述纳米柱之间的填充材料的折射 率, Kn !^n
[0060] 本申请实施例提供的量子点发光二极管的制备方法是一种可重复性高、 成本低 廉的高出光效率的器件制备方法, 该制备方法中, 在底电极的表面制备有相同 纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列, 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为X/ (4xn J , 且任意相邻两个纳米柱之间的间距均为X/ (4xn2) , 这样的纳米柱阵列形成了 类似于环形布拉格反射镜的效果, 从而使最终制得的器件的出光效率得到大幅 提升。
[0061] 在一实施例中, 在所述底电极表面制备纳米柱阵列的步骤包括:
[0062] 在所述底电极表面沉积PS纳米球溶液, 得到单层PS纳米球薄膜; 所述PS纳米 球溶液中的PS纳米球直径相同;
[0063] 将所述单层PS纳米球薄膜刻蚀处理, 使所述PS纳米球直径的尺寸减半, 得到P S纳米球直径缩小的单层PS纳米球薄膜; [0064] 以所述 PS纳米球直径缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜为掩膜版, 对所述底电极进行刻 蚀处理, 然后去除 PS纳米球, 在底电极表面形成有相同纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵 列。
[0065] 具体地, 所述 PS纳米球溶液中的 PS (Polystyrene , 聚苯乙烯) 纳米球直径为 50 -2000nm, 如此在底电极上制备的相邻两个纳米柱之间的间距为 25-1000nm。 在 一实施例中, 所述 PS纳米球溶液中的 PS纳米球的质量百分比为 0.1-10%。 配制的 PS纳米球溶液可以用去离子水 /乙醇混合液配制。
[0066] 在一实施例中, 采用反应离子刻蚀 (RIE, Reactive Ion Etching) ) 法将所述单 层 PS纳米球薄膜刻蚀处理; 其中, 所述反应离子刻蚀法中刻蚀气氛选自氧气和 四氟化碳中的至少一种, 流速可为 l~200sccm; 和 /或, 刻蚀功率为 0.1-100W; 和 /或, 刻蚀时间为 l-500s。
[0067] 在一实施例中, 以所述 PS纳米球直径缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜为掩膜版, 采用 刻蚀液对所述底电极进行刻蚀处理。 其中, 所述刻蚀液选自氢氟酸溶液、 硝酸 溶液、 磷酸溶液、 硫酸溶液、 盐酸溶液和醋酸溶液中的至少一种, 底电极为 ITO 电极, 这些刻蚀液与 ITO反应但对 PS纳米球无腐蚀或腐蚀效果微弱; 采用刻蚀液 对所述底电极进行刻蚀处理的温度为 20- 100°C; 采用刻蚀液对所述底电极进行刻 蚀处理的时间为 ls-5h; 所述刻蚀液中含有氯化铁、 氯化亚铁和丙酮中的至少一 种。
[0068] 本申请一实施例中, 一种高出光效率的 QLED器件的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0069] S1: 在透明衬底上制备 ITO电极。
[0070] S2: 在 ITO电极上, 利用 PS纳米球作掩模板, 利用 RIE对纳米球进一步刻蚀, 随后采用溶液法制备纳米柱阵列, 从而获得带有纳米柱阵列的 ITO层。 所制备的 ITO纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4xn i) ,
Figure imgf000010_0001
为所述纳米柱的折射率, k为输出光中心波 长, 即纳米柱其横向光学厚度为输出光中心波长的 1/4。
[0071] S3: 在上述 ITO层上依次制备空穴注入层、 空穴传输层、 发光层、 电子传输层
、 金属电极等功能层。 紧邻 ITO层的可为空穴注入层, 相邻两个纳米柱之间的间 距均为 X/ (4xn 2) , n 2空穴注入层材料折射率, 即空穴注入层填入纳米柱之间的 间隙的横向光学厚度为输出光中心波长的 1/4。 [0072] 上述制备方法, 通过引入类环形布拉格反射镜纳米柱阵列, 从而提高器件出光 效率。 通过综合调控 PS纳米球的尺寸、 RIE刻蚀参数、 酸溶液的组分、 ITO刻蚀 参数等条件, 可细化调节所制备的纳米柱阵列的周期、 直径、 高度等, 从而根 据输出光中心波长的要求, 对不同组分材料、 不同功能层厚度、 不同结构的 QLE D器件进行最优适配, 获得更高的出光效率。
[0073] 本申请先后进行过多次试验, 现举一部分试验结果作为参考对本申请进行进一 步详细描述, 下面结合具体实施例进行详细说明。
[0074] 实施例 1
[0075] 一种具有高出光效率的 QLED器件, 其结构如图 1所示, 从下到上包括阳极、 空 穴注入层、 空穴传输层、 量子点发光层、 电子传输层、 阴极。 在阳极靠近空穴 注入层的表面设置有若干纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列, 空穴注入层材料填充在纳 米柱之间的间隙中; 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4xn i) , 且任 意相邻两个纳米柱之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) ; 其中, X为所述量子点发光二极 管的输出光中心波长, 为所述纳米柱的折射率, n 2为所述空穴注入层材料的 折射率, 且 n #n 2
[0076] 该器件的制备方法包括以下步骤:
[0077] S11: 在透明衬底上制备 ITO电极 (即阳极) , 该透明衬底可为刚性、 柔性衬底 。 ITO电极制备方法可采用传统的溅射、 蒸镀等方法进行制备。
[0078] S12: 在 ITO层表面制备单层周期有序的 PS纳米球掩模板。 基于 PS纳米球悬浮 液 (溶剂可以是去离子水或 /乙醇) , 采用自组织法、 旋涂法等方法在 ITO表面制 备单层的 PS纳米球薄膜 (如图 3和图 4所示) 。
[0079] 其中, PS纳米球的直径可为 50~2000nm, 所配制的 PS纳米球去离子水 /乙醇混 合液配制质量百分比为 0.1~10%。 采用相同尺寸的 PS纳米球, 可获得六角密堆积 结构的单层周期有序的 PS纳米球薄膜。
[0080] 通过 RIE刻蚀, 以减小 PS纳米球的尺寸、 增加 PS纳米球之间的间隙 (如图 5所 示) ; 其中, 刻蚀气氛可为氧气、 四氟化碳等的单一 /混合气流, 流速可为 1~200 seem, 刻蚀功率可为 0.1~100W, 刻蚀时间可为 l~500s。
[0081] S13: 采用溶液法制备纳米柱阵列: 选取可与 ITO反应但对 PS纳米球无腐蚀或 腐蚀效果微弱的 ITO刻蚀液对覆盖了 PS纳米球掩模板的 ITO层进行刻蚀, 由于 PS 纳米球掩模板的阻挡作用, ITO刻蚀液可对未覆盖 PS纳米球的 ITO进行反应刻蚀 (如图 6所示) ; 刻蚀完成后, 采用溶液法、 烧灼法等去除残留的 PS纳米球, 从 而得到与 PS纳米球掩模板周期、 大小一致的纳米柱阵列 (如图 7和图 8所示) 。
[0082] 其中, ITO刻蚀液可为氢氟酸、 硝酸、 磷酸、 硫酸、 盐酸、 醋酸等溶液的单一 / 混合酸溶液, 其浓度可为 0.1~20%, 刻蚀温度可为 20~100°C, 刻蚀时间可为 ls~5 h。 酸溶液中可添加氯化铁、 氯化亚铁等无机盐, 以及丙酮等溶剂, 以调控刻蚀 效果。
[0083] S14: 在具有上述纳米柱阵列的 ITO电极上, 依次制备空穴注入层、 空穴传输层
、 量子点发光层、 电子传输层、 金属电极 (即阴极) , 从而获得完整的如图 1所 示的 QLED器件。
[0084] 以上仅为本申请的可选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本申请。 对于本领域的技术 人员来说, 本申请可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本申请的精神和原则之内, 所 作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本申请的权利要求范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种量子点发光二极管, 包括底电极、 顶电极以及设置在所述底电极 和所述顶电极之间的量子点发光层, 所述量子点发光二极管为底发射 型量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述底电极靠近所述量子点发光 层的表面设置有若干纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列; 所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4xn i) , 且任意相邻两 个纳米柱之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) ; 其中, X为所述量子点发光二 极管的输出光中心波长, n i为所述纳米柱的折射率, n 2为所述纳米柱 之间的填充材料的折射率,
Figure imgf000013_0001
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述纳米柱阵 列表面设置有回填层, 所述回填层的材料为所述填充材料填充在相邻 两纳米柱之间, 所述纳米柱的折射率与所述回填层的折射率不相等。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 2所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述底电极为 阳极, 所述顶电极为阴极, 所述回填层与所述量子点发光层之间设置 有空穴功能层。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 2所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述底电极为 阳极, 所述顶电极为阴极, 所述顶电极与所述量子点发光层之间设置 有电子功能层。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 2所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述底电极为 阴极, 所述顶电极为阳极, 所述回填层与所述量子点发光层之间设置 有电子功能层
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 2所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述底电极为 阴极, 所述顶电极为阳极, 所述顶电极与所述量子点发光层之间设置 有空穴功能层。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 1所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述底电极为 阴极, 所述顶电极为阳极, 所述纳米柱阵列表面设置有电子功能层, 所述电子功能层的材料为所述填充材料填充在相邻两纳米柱之间, 所 述电子功能层的折射率与所述纳米柱的折射率不相等。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 7所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述电子功能 层为电子注入层。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 7所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述顶电极与 所述量子点发光层之间设置有空穴功能层。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 1所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述底电极为 阳极, 所述顶电极为阴极, 所述纳米柱阵列表面设置有空穴功能层, 所述空穴功能层的材料为所述填充材料填充在相邻两纳米柱之间, 所 述空穴功能层的折射率与所述纳米柱的折射率不相等。
[权利要求 11] 如权利要求 10所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述空穴功能 层为空穴注入层。
[权利要求 12] 如权利要求 10所示的量子点发光二极管, 其特征在于, 所述顶电极与 所述量子点发光层之间设置有电子功能层。
[权利要求 13] 一种量子点发光二极管的制备方法, 其特征在于, 包括如下步骤: 提供底电极;
在所述底电极表面制备纳米柱阵列;
所述纳米柱阵列中, 所述纳米柱的直径为 X/ (4xn i) 且任意相邻两 个纳米柱之间的间距均为 X/ (4xn 2) ; 其中, X为所述量子点发光二 极管的输出光中心波长,
Figure imgf000014_0001
为所述纳米柱的材料的折射率, n 2为所述 纳米柱之间的填充材料的折射率,
Figure imgf000014_0002
[权利要求 14] 如权利要求 13所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 在所述底电极表面制备 纳米柱阵列的步骤包括:
在所述底电极表面沉积 PS纳米球溶液, 得到单层 PS纳米球薄膜; 所 述 PS纳米球溶液中的 PS纳米球直径相同;
将所述单层 PS纳米球薄膜刻蚀处理, 使所述 PS纳米球直径的尺寸缩 小, 得到 PS纳米球直径缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜; 以所述 PS纳米球直径缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜为掩膜版, 对所述底 电极进行刻蚀处理, 然后去除 PS纳米球, 在底电极表面形成有相同 纳米柱组成的纳米柱阵列。
[权利要求 15] 如权利要求 14所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 PS纳米球溶液中 的 PS纳米球直径为 50-2000nm。
[权利要求 16] 如权利要求 14所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述 PS纳米球溶液中 的 PS纳米球的质量百分比为 0.1-10%。
[权利要求 17] 如权利要求 14所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 以所述 PS纳米球直径 缩小的单层 PS纳米球薄膜为掩膜版, 采用刻蚀液对所述底电极进行 刻蚀处理; 其中, 所述刻蚀液选自氢氟酸溶液、 硝酸溶液、 磷酸溶液 、 硫酸溶液、 盐酸溶液和醋酸溶液中的至少一种。
[权利要求 18] 如权利要求 17所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 采用刻蚀液对所述底电 极进行刻蚀处理的温度为 20-100°C。
[权利要求 19] 如权利要求 17所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 采用刻蚀液对所述底电 极进行刻蚀处理的时间为 ls-5h。
[权利要求 20] 如权利要求 17所述的制备方法, 其特征在于, 所述刻蚀液中含有氯化 铁、 氯化亚铁和丙酮中的至少一种。
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