WO2020134068A1 - 一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴及其设计方法 - Google Patents

一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴及其设计方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020134068A1
WO2020134068A1 PCT/CN2019/098342 CN2019098342W WO2020134068A1 WO 2020134068 A1 WO2020134068 A1 WO 2020134068A1 CN 2019098342 W CN2019098342 W CN 2019098342W WO 2020134068 A1 WO2020134068 A1 WO 2020134068A1
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Prior art keywords
nozzle
diameter
unit
section
liquid
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/098342
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
欧鸣雄
臧帅
张川
贾卫东
周慧涛
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US17/263,902 priority Critical patent/US11400468B2/en
Priority to GB2018545.0A priority patent/GB2587725B/en
Publication of WO2020134068A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020134068A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0425—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid without any source of compressed gas, e.g. the air being sucked by the pressurised liquid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0458—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber the gas and liquid flows being perpendicular just upstream the mixing chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/04—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like
    • B05B1/048—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape in flat form, e.g. fan-like, sheet-like having a flow conduit with, immediately behind the outlet orifice, an elongated cross section, e.g. of oval or elliptic form, of which the major axis is perpendicular to the plane of the jet

Definitions

  • the invention patent relates to a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle and a design method thereof.
  • it relates to an internal mixing type gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle structure feature and a geometric size design method thereof. It is suitable for spraying pesticides in orchards and facility agricultural plant protection machinery.
  • gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle In the field of agricultural plant protection machinery spray application technology, the gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle is widely used in the spraying operation of various chemical pesticides.
  • the pesticide liquid generates fine Mist drops and sprays on the plant surface.
  • gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzles are mainly divided into three types: internal mixing, external mixing and internal and external mixing: internal mixing nozzles refer to liquid and gas generating mixed flow of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the internal cavity of the nozzle, and then through Atomization is formed at the nozzle outlet.
  • the external mixing nozzle is a kind of nozzle that uses high-pressure gas to assist atomization.
  • the high-pressure gas drives the mist droplets to produce complex acceleration, collision, merging and crushing in the outer space of the nozzle outlet. It has good atomization effect and small particle size. It has the characteristics of long range and long range, but due to the need to be equipped with liquid pressurization and air pressurization devices at the same time, the spray system is more complicated and expensive, and at the same time, the smaller particle size is prone to drift, loss and drug damage.
  • the internal and external mixing nozzle is a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle with both internal and external mixing structures. It has the characteristics of small spray flow, good atomization effect, small particle size and long range, but it is mixed with external mixing nozzle. The same as the nozzle, it needs to be equipped with liquid pressurization and air pressurization devices at the same time.
  • the spray system is relatively complicated and expensive, and it is prone to drift, loss and chemical damage.
  • the invention provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle and a design method thereof.
  • the nozzle is based on the principle of gas-liquid two-phase flow pressure atomization, with the aid of the significant pressure drop generated by the high-speed flow of liquid in the internal jet section of the nozzle, thus A pressure difference is formed between the external atmospheric pressure and the internal liquid pressure of the jet section. Under this differential pressure drive, air enters the jet section through the sleeve inlet hole of the nozzle, the inlet buffer cavity and the inlet hole of the nozzle core. Thereby gas-liquid mixing phenomenon occurs with the liquid inside the jet section, and the gas-liquid two-phase flow finally forms a pressure atomization phenomenon through the atomizing body outlet.
  • the nozzle has the characteristics of small spray flow and large droplet size. It is suitable for agricultural plant protection machinery spray application. It can effectively reduce the use of pesticides, improve pesticide utilization, adhesion performance and anti-drift performance.
  • the present invention not only provides the structure of a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle, but also establishes the relationship between the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle, the design spray flow Q and the geometrical dimensions of the nozzle and other parameters.
  • the design principles of the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 , atomizer outlet diameter d 2 and sleeve inlet hole diameter d 3 are given, and the jet section diameter D 1 , jet section length L 1 and outlet diffusion section diffusion are given.
  • Patent document No. 01111963.2 discloses an air atomizing nozzle assembly with an improved air cap.
  • the nozzle assembly has both internal and external mixing structures. By introducing external compressed air into the air flow path inside the air cap, the internal The purpose of mixing and external mixing is to enhance the atomization effect.
  • the patent describes the structural characteristics of the nozzle body, liquid flow channel and air cap in detail, and can be used to generate a large number of fine droplets to facilitate rapid liquid evaporation.
  • the present invention uses the air in the external atmospheric environment under natural conditions to mix with the liquid inside the nozzle.
  • the nozzle does not need to provide a compressed air source during operation.
  • the pressure drop generated by the internal liquid flow and the external atmospheric pressure will be Air is sucked into the nozzle, there are great differences between the components and structure of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle designed by the present invention has the characteristics of small spray flow and large droplet size, and the nozzle described in the above patent has the characteristics of small droplets. Therefore, there is a significant difference between the nozzle structure and atomization target of the present invention and the above patent content.
  • the present invention not only provides the structure of a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle, but also establishes the relationship between the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle, the design spray flow Q and the geometrical dimensions of the nozzle. , Provides the design principles of the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 , atomizer outlet diameter d 2 and sleeve inlet hole diameter d 3 , and gives the jet section diameter D 1 , jet section length L 1 , outlet diffusion The design formula of the segment diffusion angle ⁇ , the maximum inner diameter of the atomizing chamber mixing chamber D 2 and the width of the intake buffer cavity b.
  • Patent document No. 03810334.6 discloses an internally mixed air atomizing spray nozzle assembly.
  • the patent provides a nozzle assembly having a gas-liquid internal mixing fluid impingement structure.
  • the nozzle uses external compressed air and liquid to produce two phases. Flow, and the droplets are generated by the impact collision and pressure atomization of the two-phase flow inside the nozzle.
  • the compressed air flow path flows along the axial flow path, the air flow path is relatively narrow, and the nozzle outlet has multiple circular orifice structures
  • the patent mainly describes the structural features of the fluid flow channel, cross-sectional flow channel, impact element and expansion cavity inside the nozzle assembly.
  • 200580034838.1 discloses an improved internal mixed air atomizing nozzle device, which consists of a nozzle body, an air guide and a collision surface, etc.
  • the nozzle generates internal gas-liquid mixing through the introduced compressed air, the nozzle
  • This patent mainly describes the structural characteristics, functions and flow channel area ratio requirements of the internal flow channel of the nozzle device.
  • the nozzle designed by the present invention does not use an external compressed air source and a fluid impact structure, but draws air into the nozzle through the fluid pressure drop generated by the jet and the external atmospheric pressure, with the aid of gas-liquid two-phase flow
  • the pressure atomization produces a large number of droplets.
  • the air flow path and the liquid flow path are perpendicular to each other.
  • the air flows in the radial direction of the liquid flow path.
  • the air flow path is very short.
  • the nozzle outlet There is only one conical orifice. There is a significant difference between the basic principle and structure of the nozzle provided by the above patent and the present invention.
  • the present invention not only provides the structure of a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle, but also establishes the relationship between the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle, the design spray flow Q and the geometrical dimensions of the nozzle. , Provides the design principles of the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 , atomizer outlet diameter d 2 and sleeve inlet hole diameter d 3 , and gives the jet section diameter D 1 , jet section length L 1 , outlet diffusion
  • the design formulas of the segment diffusion angle ⁇ , the maximum inner diameter of the atomizer mixing chamber D 2 and the width of the intake buffer cavity b provide a reference for the control of the nozzle droplet size and the structural design.
  • Patent No. 200580028231.2 discloses a liquid spray nozzle assembly for sucking air, which is mainly composed of a spray nozzle body and an insert, which draws external air into the spray nozzle through a venturi passage inside the insert
  • the inner cavity, the liquid inlet and the discharge hole of the spray nozzle are positioned eccentrically.
  • This patent mainly describes the shape of the liquid flow path formed by the insert, the structure of the insert, and the installation relationship of the components.
  • Patent document No. 201410034361.8 discloses an internally mixed two-phase flow nozzle, which consists of a nozzle body and a nozzle cap. Liquid and air are mixed in a conical mixing zone at the rear of the liquid supply pipe.
  • the nozzle outlet Containing multiple circular orifice structures with small apertures, the nozzle can produce fine small droplets under the condition of large spray flow, and the atomization effect is good, thereby facilitating the evaporation of the liquid.
  • the present invention provides a nozzle structure with a central axis symmetry feature.
  • the liquid channel, air flow channel and connecting part inside the nozzle are all axisymmetric structures, and the jet section of liquid and air in the nozzle core body Mixing is formed, and the outlet of the atomizing body is a conical orifice.
  • the design goal and structure of the nozzle are significantly different from the above patent content. difference.
  • the present invention not only provides the structure of the gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle, but also establishes the relationship between the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle, the design spray flow Q and the geometrical dimensions of the nozzle, etc.
  • the design principles of the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 , atomizer outlet diameter d 2 and sleeve inlet hole diameter d 3 are given, and the jet section diameter D 1 , jet section length L 1 and outlet diffusion section diffusion are given.
  • the design formula of the angle ⁇ , the maximum inner diameter of the atomizer mixing chamber D 2 and the width of the intake buffer cavity b provides a reference for the control of the nozzle droplet size and the structural design.
  • Patent document No. 201510174084.5 discloses a two-phase flow atomizing aeration nozzle.
  • the nozzle is mainly used in the field of sprinkler irrigation. Its structure is mainly composed of a nozzle body, an adjusting sleeve, a locking sleeve and a mixing nozzle.
  • the nozzle body and mixing nozzle The nozzles are tapered, and the air flow is controlled by adjusting the air holes on the sleeve and the air intake holes on the nozzle.
  • the control method is to control the relative positions of the air adjustment holes and the air intake holes when they are installed through threads.
  • the structure of each component of the nozzle, the connection type and the calculation method of the orifice diameter are described.
  • the two-phase flow atomizing nozzle provided by the present invention is mainly used in the field of plant protection mechanical spray application.
  • the inner cavity of the nozzle provided by the present invention includes the inlet tapering section, the jet section, the outlet diffusion section and the atomizing body mixing
  • the shape and function of the internal cavity of the nozzle are different, and the nozzle components are not threaded.
  • the shape of the intake channel is a fixed type.
  • the intake air volume is controlled by the shape and size of the intake channel, not by assembly. Regulation, the internal cavity shape, structure and connection methods are significantly different from the above patents.
  • the present invention not only provides the structure of the atomizing nozzle, but also establishes the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle, the design spray flow Q and the nozzle geometry, etc.
  • the relationship between the parameters provides the design principles of the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 , atomizer outlet diameter d 2 and sleeve inlet hole diameter d 3 , and gives the jet section diameter D 1 , jet section
  • the design formulas of the length L 1 , the diffusion angle ⁇ of the outlet diffusion section, the maximum inner diameter D 2 of the atomizer mixing chamber, and the width b of the intake buffer chamber provide reference for the control of the droplet size of the nozzle and the structural design.
  • the present invention provides a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle and its design method.
  • the gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle designed by the invention has the characteristics of small spray flow rate and large droplet size, which can effectively promote the adhesion of the chemical liquid and the anti-drift of the pesticide spraying operation on the basis of reducing the amount of pesticide used Performance, thereby ensuring the prevention and control effect of diseases and insect pests, in order to achieve the goal of reducing the amount of chemical pesticides and increasing efficiency.
  • the present invention not only provides the structure of the atomizing nozzle, but also establishes the relationship between the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle, the design spray flow Q and the nozzle geometry and other parameters, and provides the nozzle core air inlet
  • the design formula of the maximum inner diameter D 2 of the chamber and the width b of the intake buffer cavity provides a reference for the accurate control of the droplet size of the nozzle and the structural design.
  • a gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle with an axisymmetric structure which includes a nozzle core, an outer sleeve and an atomizing body.
  • the inner cavity of the nozzle core is diffused by an inlet tapering section, a jet section and an outlet It is composed of sections, in which the outlet diffusion section is connected with the atomizing body mixing chamber.
  • the wall surface of the nozzle core and the outer sleeve are respectively provided with a nozzle core inlet hole and a sleeve inlet hole, so that the jet section in the cavity of the nozzle core body passes through the nozzle core body inlet hole, the inlet buffer cavity and the sleeve The pores communicate with the outside atmosphere.
  • the liquid flows along the direction of the central axis of the nozzle and sequentially passes through the inlet tapering section, the jet section, the outlet diffusion section, the atomizing body mixing chamber, and the atomizing body outlet to form an atomization phenomenon.
  • the static pressure of the liquid will be significantly reduced until it is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, so that under the external atmospheric pressure, the air passes through the sleeve inlet hole, the inlet buffer cavity and the nozzle core inlet hole
  • liquid and air generate a mixed flow of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the jet section, outlet diffusion section and atomizing body mixing chamber, and generate mist droplets.
  • the nozzle operating requirements and liquid characteristics first determine the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle under the designed working conditions, the designed spray flow rate Q, the liquid density ⁇ , the liquid surface tension coefficient ⁇ , the liquid dynamic viscosity ⁇ and the air density ⁇ The value of g .
  • the nozzle core inlet diameter d 1 , the atomizer outlet diameter d 2 and the sleeve inlet diameter d 3 are designed in detail according to the following method.
  • the nozzle's spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 first determine the values of the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 and the atomizing body outlet diameter d 2 , where the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 value The range is 10D 0.5 ⁇ 15D 0.5 , the value of the atomizing body outlet diameter d 2 is 2D 0.5 ⁇ 5D 0.5 , and the value of the atomizing body outlet diameter d 2 should meet the following constraints (1):
  • Q is the design spray flow rate of the nozzle, the unit is cubic meters/second;
  • d 2 is the outlet diameter of the atomizer of the nozzle, the unit is meter;
  • ⁇ is the liquid density, the unit is kilograms/cubic meter
  • ⁇ is the liquid dynamic viscosity in Pa ⁇ s
  • the range of values is When the median diameter of the spray droplets of the nozzle is D 0.5 ⁇ 300 microns, The range of values is When the volume diameter of the spray mist of the nozzle is D 0.5 ⁇ 300 microns, The range of values is
  • the core inlet nozzle hole diameter d 1 satisfies the above numerical conditions and atomizing fluid outlet of diameter d 2, the nozzle hole diameter of the core into the d 1, d 2 the diameter of the atomizing fluid outlet and the sleeve inlet hole diameter d 3
  • the following relationship (2) and constraints (3) should also be satisfied:
  • the value range of the correction coefficient k 1 is 0.07 ⁇ k 1 ⁇ 0.10; when the hydrodynamic viscosity ⁇ 0.001 Pa ⁇ s, the value range of the correction coefficient k 1 is 0.10 ⁇ k 1 ⁇ 0.12.
  • the number N 1 of the inlet holes of the nozzle core body should be selected within the following limited range, and the value N 2 of the inlet holes of the sleeve is designed and selected according to the constraint condition (3).
  • D 0.5 is the median diameter of the spray droplet volume of the nozzle, the unit is meter
  • Q is the design spray flow rate of the nozzle, the unit is cubic meter/second;
  • d 1 is the diameter of the inlet hole of the nozzle core, the unit is meter;
  • d 2 is the outlet diameter of the atomizer of the nozzle, the unit is meter;
  • d 3 is the diameter of the sleeve air inlet, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ is the liquid density, the unit is kilograms/cubic meter
  • ⁇ g is the air density of the external atmospheric environment, the unit is kg/m3;
  • ⁇ is the liquid surface tension coefficient, the unit is Newton/meter
  • the inner cavity of the nozzle core is composed of the inlet tapered section, the jet section and the outlet diffused section, along the direction of the central axis of the nozzle core, the inlet tapered section is tapered, the jet section is cylindrical, and the outlet diffused section It is gradually expanding; the wall surface of the jet section is provided with a series of circumferentially evenly distributed nozzle core air inlet holes.
  • the inner cavity of the nozzle core body and the intake buffer cavity are connected through the nozzle core air inlet holes; the nozzle core body Among the main geometric parameters, the design formula of the jet section diameter D 1 , jet section length L 1 and outlet diffusion section diffusion angle ⁇ is as follows:
  • D 1 is the diameter of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ g is the air density of the external atmospheric environment, the unit is kg/m3;
  • Q is the design spray flow rate of the nozzle, the unit is cubic meter/second;
  • ⁇ is the liquid surface tension coefficient, the unit is Newton/meter
  • d 1 is the diameter of the inlet hole of the nozzle core, the unit is meter;
  • d 2 is the outlet diameter of the atomizer of the nozzle, the unit is meter;
  • L 1 is the length of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ is the liquid density, the unit is kilograms/cubic meter
  • ⁇ is the liquid dynamic viscosity in Pa ⁇ s
  • ⁇ is the diffusion angle of the outlet diffusion section, and the unit is degree.
  • the nozzle core and the atomizing body are installed inside the outer sleeve. Between the inner wall surface of the outer sleeve and the outer wall surface of the nozzle core is a circular air intake buffer cavity; the inner cavity of the atomizing body is The atomizer mixing chamber, the atomizer outlet is a conical orifice with a fixed diffusion angle, the inner cavity of the atomizer mixing chamber is conical, and the inner diameter of the atomizer outlet is along the outlet along the flow direction of the gas-liquid two-phase flow The direction increases linearly; the atomizer and nozzle core are installed in the inner cavity of the outer sleeve.
  • the atomizer and nozzle core are made of ceramic, stainless steel or brass, and the outer sleeve is made of nylon, polyethylene or polytetra Made of vinyl fluoride material; among the main geometric parameters of the atomizer, the design formula of the maximum inner diameter D 2 of the atomizer mixing chamber and the width b of the intake buffer cavity are as follows:
  • the value range of the correction coefficient k 2 is 0.6 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 0.7; when the hydrodynamic viscosity ⁇ 0.001 Pa ⁇ s, the value range of the correction coefficient k 2 is 0.5 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 0.6; where: D 2 is the largest inner diameter of the mixing chamber of the atomizer, the unit is meter;
  • D 1 is the diameter of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • L 1 is the length of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ is the diffusion angle of the outlet diffusion section, the unit is degree
  • b is the width of the intake buffer cavity, the unit is meters;
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle designed according to the present invention has the characteristics of small spray flow and large droplet size, etc.
  • pesticide spraying can be achieved The purpose of small amount, good adhesion of chemical liquid and less drift, so as to achieve the goal of reducing the amount of chemical pesticides and increasing efficiency, at the same time, it can also reduce the internal wear of the nozzle and effectively extend the working life of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle axial surface of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view of the nozzle core and outer sleeve assembly of the same embodiment
  • Figures 1 to 4 jointly determine the nozzle structure and geometric dimensions of this embodiment, which is an axisymmetric gas-liquid two-phase flow atomizing nozzle, which includes a nozzle core 1, an outer sleeve 2 and an atomizing body 3 three parts, and the inner cavity of the nozzle core 1 is composed of the inlet tapered section 4, the jet section 6 and the outlet diffusion section 7, wherein the outlet diffusion section 7 communicates with the atomizing body mixing chamber 16.
  • the wall surface of the nozzle core 1 and the outer sleeve 2 are respectively provided with a nozzle core inlet hole 5 and a sleeve inlet hole 12, so that the jet section 6 in the inner cavity of the nozzle core 1 passes through the nozzle core inlet hole 5,
  • the air intake buffer chamber 13 and the sleeve air intake hole 12 communicate with the outside atmosphere.
  • the liquid flows along the direction of the central axis of the nozzle, passes through the inlet tapering section 4, the jet section 6, the outlet diffusion section 7, the atomizing body mixing chamber 16 and the atomizing body outlet 17 to form an atomization phenomenon.
  • the static pressure of the liquid will be significantly reduced until it is lower than the external atmospheric pressure, so that under the external atmospheric pressure, air passes through the sleeve inlet hole 12, the inlet buffer cavity 13 and the nozzle core
  • the air inlet 5 enters the interior of the jet section 6, and the liquid and air generate a mixed flow of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the jet section 6, the outlet diffusion section 7, and the atomizing body mixing chamber 16, and generate mist droplets.
  • the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle under the designed working conditions the designed spray flow rate Q, the liquid density ⁇ , the liquid surface tension coefficient ⁇ , the liquid dynamic viscosity ⁇ and the air density
  • Liquid density ⁇ 1050 kg/m3
  • liquid surface tension coefficient ⁇ 0.065 Newton/m
  • liquid dynamic viscosity ⁇ 0.00095 Pa ⁇ s
  • air density ⁇ g 1.2 kg/m3.
  • the detailed design of the nozzle core air inlet diameter d 1 , the atomizing body outlet diameter d 2 and the sleeve air inlet diameter d 3 is performed according to the following three steps.
  • the first step according to the numerical requirements of the spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 of the nozzle, first determine the values of the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d 1 and the atomizer outlet diameter d 2 , where the nozzle core inlet hole diameter d
  • the value range of 1 is 10D 0.5 ⁇ 15D 0.5
  • the value range of the atomizer outlet diameter d 2 is 2D 0.5 ⁇ 5D 0.5
  • the value of the outlet diameter d 2 of the atomizing body should also meet the following constraint conditions (1):
  • Q is the design spray flow rate of the nozzle, the unit is cubic meters/second;
  • d 2 is the outlet diameter of the atomizer of the nozzle, the unit is meter;
  • ⁇ is the liquid density, the unit is kilograms/cubic meter
  • ⁇ is the hydrodynamic viscosity in Pa ⁇ s.
  • the range of values is When the median diameter of the spray droplets of the nozzle is D 0.5 ⁇ 300 microns, The range of values is When the volume diameter of the spray mist of the nozzle is D 0.5 ⁇ 300 microns, The range of values is
  • Step 2 On the basis of obtaining the values of the diameter d 1 of the inlet core of the nozzle core and the diameter d 2 of the outlet of the atomizer, the volume diameter of the spray droplet D 0.5 , the design spray flow rate Q, the inlet hole of the nozzle core Parameters such as the diameter d 1 and the atomizing body outlet diameter d 2 are brought into the relationship (2), and the value of the diameter d 3 of the sleeve inlet hole satisfying the relationship (2) is obtained.
  • D 0.5 is the median diameter of the spray droplet volume of the nozzle, the unit is meter;
  • Q is the design spray flow rate of the nozzle, the unit is cubic meter/second;
  • d 1 is the diameter of the inlet hole of the nozzle core, the unit is meter;
  • d 2 is the outlet diameter of the atomizing body of the nozzle, in meters
  • d 3 is the diameter of the sleeve air inlet, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ is the liquid density, the unit is kilograms/cubic meter
  • ⁇ g is the air density of the external atmospheric environment, the unit is kg/m3;
  • ⁇ is the liquid surface tension coefficient, the unit is Newton/meter
  • Step 3 Bring the diameter d 1 of the nozzle core inlet hole and the diameter d 3 of the sleeve inlet hole obtained in the first and second steps into the constraint condition (3) to determine the nozzle core inlet hole
  • the specific value of the number N 1 and the number of sleeve inlet holes N 2 where the number of nozzle core inlet holes N 1 should be selected within a limited range, and the value of the sleeve inlet hole number N 2 is subject to constraints (3 ) Design selection:
  • d 1 is the diameter of the inlet hole of the nozzle core, the unit is meter
  • d 3 is the diameter of the sleeve air inlet, the unit is meter
  • the values of the diameter d 1 of the nozzle core inlet hole and the diameter d 3 of the sleeve inlet hole are brought into this embodiment, and the number N 1 of the nozzle core inlet holes takes a value of 3. From this calculation, the number N 2 of the sleeve inlet is 6. Meet the requirements of constraint (3).
  • the inner cavity of the nozzle core 1 is composed of the inlet tapered section 4, the jet section 6 and the outlet diffused section 7, along the central axis of the nozzle core 1, the inlet tapered section 4 is tapered and the jet section 6 is cylindrical
  • the outlet diffusion section 7 is gradually expanded;
  • the wall surface of the jet section 6 is provided with a series of circumferentially evenly distributed nozzle core air inlet holes 5, the inner cavity jet section 6 of the nozzle core 1 and the intake buffer chamber 13 pass through the nozzle the core inlet hole 5 in communication;
  • main parameters of the nozzle geometry of the core 1, the jet segment diameter D 1 11, the jet length L design equations 19 and the outlet divergent section of the diffusion angle ⁇ 8 formula (4), ( 5) and (6) show:
  • D 1 is the diameter of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ g is the air density of the external atmospheric environment, the unit is kg/m3;
  • Q is the design spray flow rate of the nozzle, the unit is cubic meter/second;
  • ⁇ is the liquid surface tension coefficient, the unit is Newton/meter
  • d 1 is the diameter of the inlet hole of the nozzle core, the unit is meter;
  • d 2 is the outlet diameter of the atomizer of the nozzle, the unit is meter;
  • L 1 is the length of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ is the liquid density, the unit is kilograms/cubic meter
  • ⁇ is the liquid dynamic viscosity in Pa ⁇ s
  • ⁇ is the diffusion angle of the outlet diffusion section, and the unit is degree.
  • the nozzle core 1 and the atomizing body 3 are installed inside the outer sleeve 2. Between the inner wall surface of the outer sleeve 2 and the outer wall surface of the nozzle core 1 is an annular intake buffer cavity 13; the atomizing body 3 The internal cavity of the atomizing body mixing chamber 16 and the atomizing body outlet 17 are conical orifices with a fixed diffusion angle. The internal cavity of the atomizing body mixing chamber 16 is conical and follows the flow direction of the gas-liquid two-phase flow.
  • the inner diameter of the atomizing body outlet 17 increases linearly along the outlet direction; the atomizing body 3 and the nozzle core 1 are installed in the inner cavity of the outer sleeve 2, and the atomizing body 3 and the nozzle core 1 are made of ceramic, stainless steel or brass Made of materials, the outer sleeve 2 is made of nylon, polyethylene or PTFE; the main geometric parameters of the atomizer 3, the design of the maximum inner diameter of the atomizer mixing chamber D 2 19 and the width of the intake buffer cavity b15
  • the formula is shown in equations (7) and (8):
  • the value range of the correction coefficient k 2 is 0.6 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 0.7; when the hydrodynamic viscosity ⁇ 0.001 Pa ⁇ s, the value range of the correction coefficient k 2 is 0.5 ⁇ k 2 ⁇ 0.6; where: D 2 is the largest inner diameter of the mixing chamber of the atomizer, the unit is meter;
  • D 1 is the diameter of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • L 1 is the length of the jet section, the unit is meter
  • ⁇ is the diffusion angle of the outlet diffusion section, the unit is degree
  • b is the width of the intake buffer cavity, the unit is meters;
  • the nozzle structure and key geometric dimensions of the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained.
  • the experimental data of the embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding single-phase fluid atomization conventional nozzle performance data For comparison, the specific results are shown in the following table:
  • Table 1 Comparison of the performance data of the examples of the present invention and conventional nozzles
  • the performance of the nozzle of the embodiment of the present invention can meet the design parameter requirements of the specific spray droplet volume median diameter D 0.5 and the design spray flow Q within a certain range, Compared with the single-phase fluid atomizing conventional nozzle, the nozzle of the embodiment has obvious characteristics of small spray flow and large droplet size. Under the same spray pressure, the droplet size of the nozzle is generally increased by about About 60%, the spray flow rate is reduced by about 35%, and it is especially suitable for the field of low-volume plant protection spray application technology in orchards and facility agriculture.

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Abstract

一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴及其设计方法。该喷嘴由喷嘴芯体（1）、外部套筒（2）和雾化体（3）组成，喷嘴芯体（1）的内腔由进口渐缩段（4）、射流段（6）和出口扩散段（7）组成，喷嘴芯体（1）的出口扩散段（7）与雾化体混合室（16）相连，喷嘴芯体（1）的射流段（6）通过芯体进气孔（5）、进气缓冲腔（13）和套筒进气孔（12）与外部大气相通。通过将喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5等设计参数和几何尺寸参数之间用新的关系式联系起来，并给出射流段（6）直径D 1、射流段（6）长度L 1、出口扩散段（7）扩散角β、雾化体混合室（16）最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔（13）宽度b的设计公式，从而使喷嘴具有流量小、喷雾压力低和雾滴粒径大的特点，可以提高植保机械作业效率和农药利用率。

Description

一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴及其设计方法 技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴及其设计方法，具体的说，涉及一种内混式的气液两相流雾化喷嘴的结构特征及其几何尺寸设计方法，该喷嘴适用于果园和设施农业植保机械喷雾施药领域。
背景技术
在农业植保机械喷雾施药技术领域，气液两相流雾化喷嘴被广泛应用于各种化学农药的喷施作业方面，农药液体通过气液两相流雾化喷嘴的雾化作用生成精细的雾滴，并喷洒在植物表面。目前，气液两相流雾化喷嘴主要分为内混、外混和内外混三种型式：内混式喷嘴是指液体和气体在喷嘴内部空腔内产生气液两相流混合流动，然后通过喷嘴出口形成雾化，根据喷嘴内部结构的不同，有的内混式喷嘴具有喷雾流量小、雾滴粒径大和防飘移的特点，有的内混式喷嘴则具有喷雾流量小、雾滴粒径小和易飘移的特点。外混式喷嘴是一种采用高压气体辅助雾化的喷嘴，高压气体带动雾滴在喷嘴出口外部空间产生了复杂的加速、碰撞、合并和破碎等现象，其具有雾化效果好、粒径小和射程远的特点，但由于需要同时配备液体加压和空气加压装置，喷雾系统较为复杂和昂贵，同时较小的粒径容易产生飘移、损失和药害等现象。内外混式喷嘴则是一种同时具有内混和外混结构的气液两相流雾化喷嘴，其具有喷雾流量小、雾化效果好、粒径小和射程远等特点，但其和外混式喷嘴一样，需要同时配备液体加压和空气加压装置，喷雾系统较为复杂和昂贵，同时容易产生飘移、损失和药害等现象。
为了减少化学农药的使用量，通过设计和开发具有喷雾流量小和雾滴粒径大的气液两相流雾化喷嘴，可以达到农药喷施量小、药液附着性能好和飘移少等目的，从而实现化学农药减量增效目标，但现有的专利技术仍然存在以下问题：1.目前植保机械领域使用的气液两相流雾化喷嘴均以增强雾化效果为主，其雾滴粒径小、射程远，容易产生农药飘移、损失和药害，而在通过气液两相流技术抑制喷嘴的雾化效果，设计开发具有雾滴粒径较大、喷雾流量小的喷嘴方面，还缺乏相应的专利技术成果和文献；2.现有的气液两相流相关专利技术内容没有建立起喷嘴的喷雾雾滴粒径、喷雾流量、喷雾介质特性和喷嘴的几何尺寸参数等之间的关系式，缺少雾滴粒径的设计和控制方法，现有的相关专利技术主要是围绕喷 嘴的组成部件、结构特征和流道形状进行阐述，提供了部分结构方案，但面对详细的雾滴体积中径、设计喷雾流量和介质特性设计条件下的喷嘴产品时，还无法为喷嘴的具体尺寸设计提供技术支持。
本发明提供了一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴及其设计方法，该喷嘴基于气液两相流压力雾化原理，借助于液体在喷嘴内部射流段高速流动所产生的显著压降，因而在外部大气压力和射流段内部液体压力之间形成压差，在这种压差驱动下，空气通过喷嘴的套筒进气孔、进气缓冲腔和喷嘴芯体进气孔进入射流段内部，从而与射流段内部的液体产生气液混合现象，气液两相流最终通过雾化体出口形成压力雾化现象。该喷嘴具有喷雾流量小和雾滴粒径大的特点，适用于农业植保机械喷雾施药方面，可以有效减少农药的使用量，提高农药利用率、附着性能和防飘移性能。本发明不仅提供了一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴的结构，还建立了喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q和喷嘴的几何尺寸等参数之间的关系式，提供了喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3的设计原则，并给出射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1、出口扩散段扩散角β、雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式。
专利号01111963.2的专利文献公开了一种具有改进的气帽的空气雾化喷嘴组件，该喷嘴组件兼具内混和外混结构，通过将外部压缩空气引入气帽内部的空气流道，同时达到内混和外混的目的，以增强雾化效果，该专利对喷嘴本体、液体流道和气帽的结构特征进行了详细描述，并可用于产生大量精细的小雾滴，以便于液体的快速蒸发。
相对于上述专利，本发明是利用自然条件下的外部大气环境中的空气和喷嘴内部液体产生混合，喷嘴工作时无需提供压缩空气源，仅仅通过内部液体流动所产生的压降和外部大气压力将空气吸入喷嘴内部，喷嘴的组件和结构之间有很大差异，同时本发明设计的喷嘴具有喷雾流量小、雾滴粒径大的特点，而上述专利所阐述的喷嘴具有雾滴小的特点，因而本发明的喷嘴结构和雾化目标与上述专利内容之间存在显著差异。此外，本发明不仅提供了一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴的结构，还建立了喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q和喷嘴的几何尺寸等参数之间的关系式，提供了喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3的设计原则，并给出射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1、出口扩散段扩散角β、雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式。
专利号03810334.6的专利文献公开了一种内混合式空气雾化喷射喷嘴组件，该专利提供了一种具有气液内混和流体冲击结构的喷嘴组件，该喷嘴利用外部压缩空气和液体混合产生两相流，并通过两相流在喷嘴内部的冲击碰撞和压力雾化产生雾滴，其压缩空气流道沿轴向流道流动，空气流道较为狭长，喷嘴出口具有多个圆形的孔口结构，该专利主要了喷嘴组件内部的流体流动流道、横截流道、冲击元件和膨胀腔的结构特征。专利号200580034838.1的专利文献公开了一种改进的内混合空气雾化喷嘴装置，该喷嘴装置由喷嘴主体、空气引导器和碰撞表面等组成，该喷嘴通过引入的压缩空气产生内部气液混合，喷嘴内部具有气液两相流冲击碰撞结构，同时其喷嘴出口具有多个圆形的孔口结构，该专利主要阐述了喷嘴装置的内部流道结构特征、功能和流道面积比例要求。
相对于上述两项专利，本发明设计的喷嘴内部没有采用外部压缩空气源和流体冲击结构，而是通过射流产生的流体压降和外部大气压力将空气吸入喷嘴内部，借助于气液两相流的压力雾化产生大量的雾滴，空气流道和液体流道互相垂直，空气沿着液体流道的径向方向流动，空气流道非常简短，喷嘴内部没有膨胀腔和冲击碰撞结构，喷嘴出口仅有一个圆锥形的孔口，上述专利和本发明所提供的喷嘴在基本原理和结构之间存在显著差异。此外，本发明不仅提供了一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴的结构，还建立了喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q和喷嘴的几何尺寸等参数之间的关系式，提供了喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3的设计原则，并给出射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1、出口扩散段扩散角β、雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式，为喷嘴雾滴粒径的控制和结构设计提供了参考。
专利号200580028231.2的专利文献公开了一种吸入空气的液体喷雾嘴组件，该喷雾嘴组件主要由喷雾嘴主体和嵌入件两部分组成，其通过嵌入体内部的文氏管通路将外部空气吸入喷雾嘴内腔，喷雾嘴的液体入口和排出孔采用偏心定位，该专利主要阐述了由嵌入体所形成的液体流动通路形状、嵌入件结构以及组件卡合安装关系。专利号201410034361.8的专利文献公开了一种内混式两相流喷嘴，该喷嘴由喷嘴体和喷嘴帽两部分组成，液体和空气在供液管后部的锥状混合区进行混合，该喷嘴出口包含多个孔径很小的圆形孔口结构，该喷嘴可在大喷雾流量条件下产生精细的小雾滴，雾化效果好，从而便于液体的蒸发。
相对于上述两项专利，本发明提供了一种具有中心轴对称特征的喷嘴结构， 喷嘴内部的液体通道、空气流道和联结部分均为轴对称结构，液体和空气在喷嘴芯体内的射流段形成混合，雾化体出口为一个圆锥形的孔口，喷嘴内部没有流体冲击或碰撞部件，其具有喷雾流量小、雾滴粒径大的特点，该喷嘴设计目标和结构与上述专利内容存在显著差异。此外，本发明不仅提供了气液两相流雾化喷嘴的结构，还建立了喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q和喷嘴的几何尺寸等参数之间的关系式，提供了喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3的设计原则，并给出射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1、出口扩散段扩散角β、雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式，为喷嘴雾滴粒径的控制和结构设计提供了参考。
专利号201510174084.5的专利文献公开了一种两相流雾化掺气喷嘴，该喷嘴主要用于喷灌领域，其结构主要由喷嘴主体、调节套、锁紧套和混合喷嘴组成，其喷嘴主体和混合喷嘴均为渐缩锥状，通过调节套上的调气孔和喷嘴上的进气孔位置进行气流控制，其控制方法是在通过螺纹安装时控制调气孔和进气孔的相对位置，该专利阐述了喷嘴各组件的结构、联结型式和孔口直径计算方法。
相对于上述专利，本发明提供的两相流雾化喷嘴主要用于植保机械喷雾施药领域，本发明提供的喷嘴内部腔体包括进口渐缩段、射流段、出口扩散段和雾化体混合室等，喷嘴内部腔体形状和功能各异，各喷嘴组件之间不采用螺纹联结，进气通道的形状为固定型式，进气量依靠进气通道形状和尺寸进行控制，而不通过装配进行调控，其内部腔体形状、结构和联结方式与上述专利具有显著差异。和上述专利对孔口直径的计算方法所不同的是，本发明不仅提供了雾化喷嘴的结构，还建立了喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q和喷嘴的几何尺寸等参数之间的关系式，提供了喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3的设计原则，并给出射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1、出口扩散段扩散角β、雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式，为喷嘴雾滴粒径的控制和结构设计提供了参考。
发明内容
为了减少化学农药的使用量，提高植保喷雾施药机械的作业效率和农药利用率，本发明提供一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴及其设计方法。使用本发明设计的气液两相流雾化喷嘴具有喷雾流量小和雾滴粒径大等特点，其在减少农药使用量的基础上，可以有效促进农药喷施作业的药液附着和防飘移性能，从而保证病虫害 的防治效果，以达到化学农药减量增效目标的目的。本发明不仅提供了雾化喷嘴的结构，还建立了喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q和喷嘴的几何尺寸等参数之间的关系式，提供了喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3的设计原则，并给出射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1、出口扩散段扩散角β、雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式，为喷嘴雾滴粒径的准确控制和结构设计提供了参考。
本发明的技术方案是：
1.一种轴对称结构的气液两相流雾化喷嘴，其包括喷嘴芯体、外部套筒和雾化体三部分，喷嘴芯体的内腔由进口渐缩段、射流段和出口扩散段组成，其中出口扩散段与雾化体混合室相联通。喷嘴芯体和外部套筒的壁面分别开设有喷嘴芯体进气孔和套筒进气孔，使得喷嘴芯体内腔中的射流段通过喷嘴芯体进气孔、进气缓冲腔和套筒进气孔与外部大气相通。液体沿着喷嘴的中心轴方向流动，依次经过进口渐缩段、射流段、出口扩散段、雾化体混合室和雾化体出口后形成雾化现象。液体在射流段的高速流动过程中，液体静压会显著降低直至低于外部大气压力，从而在外部大气压力驱动下，空气通过套筒进气孔、进气缓冲腔和喷嘴芯体进气孔进入射流段内部，液体与空气在射流段、出口扩散段和雾化体混合室内产生气液两相流的混合流动，并生成雾滴。
根据喷嘴作业要求和液体特性条件，首先确定喷嘴在设计工作条件下的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q、液体密度ρ、液体表面张力系数σ、液体动力粘度μ和空气密度ρ g的数值。在确定上述参数值基础上，按照以下方法对喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3进行详细设计。
根据喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5的数值要求，先确定喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和雾化体出口直径d 2的数值，其中喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1的取值范围为10D 0.5～15D 0.5，雾化体出口直径d 2的取值范围为2D 0.5～5D 0.5，同时雾化体出口直径d 2的数值应满足如下约束条件(1)：
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000001
式中：Q是喷嘴的设计喷雾流量，单位是立方米/秒；
d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
μ是液体动力粘度，单位是帕·秒；
当喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5≥300微米时，
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000002
的取值范围为
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000004
当喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5＜300微米，
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000005
的取值范围为
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000006
喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和雾化体出口直径d 2的数值满足上述条件外，喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3还应满足以下关系式(2)和约束条件(3)：
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000008
当液体动力粘度μ≥0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 1的取值范围为0.07≤k 1≤0.10；当液体动力粘度μ＜0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 1的取值范围为0.10＜k 1≤0.12。其中喷嘴芯体进气孔数量N 1应在如下限定范围内进行选取，套筒进气孔数量N 2的数值则按照约束条件(3)进行设计选取。
式中：D 0.5是喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径，单位是米；
Q是喷嘴的设计喷雾流量，单位是立方米/秒；
d 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔直径，单位是米；
d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
d 3是套筒进气孔直径，单位是米；
ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
ρ g是外部大气环境的空气密度，单位是千克/立方米；
σ是液体表面张力系数，单位是牛顿/米；
k 1是修正系数，k 1＝0.07～0.12；
N 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔数量，N 1＝3～5；
2.喷嘴芯体的内腔由进口渐缩段、射流段和出口扩散段组成，沿着喷嘴芯体的 中心轴方向，进口渐缩段呈渐缩状，射流段呈圆柱状，出口扩散段呈渐扩状；射流段的壁面开设有一系列周向均匀分布的喷嘴芯体进气孔，喷嘴芯体的内腔射流段和进气缓冲腔通过喷嘴芯体进气孔相联通；喷嘴芯体的主要几何尺寸参数中，射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1和出口扩散段扩散角β的设计公式如下：
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000010
β＝6°～10°
式中：D 1是射流段直径，单位是米；
ρ g是外部大气环境的空气密度，单位是千克/立方米；
Q是喷嘴的设计喷雾流量，单位是立方米/秒；
σ是液体表面张力系数，单位是牛顿/米；
d 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔直径，单位是米；
d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
L 1是射流段长度，单位是米；
ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
μ是液体动力粘度，单位是帕·秒；
β是出口扩散段扩散角，单位是度。
3.喷嘴芯体和雾化体安装在外部套筒的内部，外部套筒的内壁面与喷嘴芯体的外壁面之间为圆环状的进气缓冲腔；雾化体的内部腔体为雾化体混合室，雾化体出口为固定扩散角的圆锥形孔口，雾化体混合室的内腔呈圆锥状，沿着气液两相流流动方向，雾化体出口的内径沿出口方向线性增大；雾化体和喷嘴芯体安装在外部套筒的内部腔体内，雾化体和喷嘴芯体采用陶瓷、不锈钢或黄铜材料制作，外部套筒采用尼龙、聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯材料制作；雾化体的主要几何尺寸参数中，雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式如下：
D 2＝2.6D 1+L 1tgβ
b＝k 2D 1
当液体动力粘度μ≥0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 2的取值范围为0.6≤k 2≤0.7； 当液体动力粘度μ＜0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 2的取值范围为0.5≤k 2＜0.6；式中：D 2是雾化体混合室最大内径，单位是米；
D 1是射流段直径，单位是米；
L 1是射流段长度，单位是米；
β是出口扩散段扩散角，单位是度；
b是进气缓冲腔宽度，单位是米；
k 2是修正系数，k 2＝0.5～0.7；
本发明的有益效果是：按照本发明设计的气液两相流雾化喷嘴具有喷雾流量小和雾滴粒径大等特点，在使用该喷嘴进行化学农药喷施过程中，可以达到农药喷施量小、药液附着性能好和飘移少等目的，从而实现化学农药减量增效的目标，同时还可以降低喷嘴的内部磨损，有效延长喷嘴的工作寿命。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明：
图1是本发明一个实施例的喷嘴轴面剖视图；
图2是同一个实施例的喷嘴芯体轴面剖视图；
图3是同一个实施例的喷嘴芯体和外部套筒组合件的轴面剖视图；
图4是同一个实施例的雾化体轴面剖视图；
图中：1.喷嘴芯体，2.外部套筒，3.雾化体，4.进口渐缩段，5.喷嘴芯体进气孔，6.射流段，7.出口扩散段，8.出口扩散段扩散角β，9.射流段长度L 1，10.喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1，11.射流段直径D 1，12.套筒进气孔，13.进气缓冲腔，14.套筒进气孔直径d 3，15.进气缓冲腔宽度b，16.雾化体混合室，17.雾化体出口，18.雾化体出口直径d 2，19.雾化体混合室最大内径D 2。
具体实施方式
图1至图4共同确定了这个实施例的喷嘴结构和几何尺寸，这是一种轴对称结构的气液两相流雾化喷嘴，其包括喷嘴芯体1、外部套筒2和雾化体3三部分，而喷嘴芯体1的内腔由进口渐缩段4、射流段6和出口扩散段7组成，其中出口扩散段7与雾化体混合室16相联通。喷嘴芯体1和外部套筒2的壁面分别开设有喷嘴芯体进气孔5和套筒进气孔12，使得喷嘴芯体1内腔中的射流段6通过喷嘴芯体进气孔5、进气缓冲腔13和套筒进气孔12与外部大气相通。液体沿着喷嘴的中心轴方向流动，依次经过进口渐缩段4、射流段6、出口扩散段7、雾 化体混合室16和雾化体出口17后形成雾化现象。液体在射流段6的高速流动过程中，液体静压会显著降低直至低于外部大气压力，从而在外部大气压力驱动下，空气通过套筒进气孔12、进气缓冲腔13和喷嘴芯体进气孔5进入射流段6内部，液体与空气在射流段6、出口扩散段7和雾化体混合室16内产生气液两相流的混合流动，并生成雾滴。
根据喷嘴作业要求和液体特性等条件，首先确定喷嘴在设计工作条件下的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q、液体密度ρ、液体表面张力系数σ、液体动力粘度μ和空气密度ρ g的数值，按照本实施例的设计技术要求，其喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5＝0.0002米＝200微米，设计喷雾流量Q＝1.25×10 -5立方米/秒＝0.75升/分钟，液体密度ρ＝1050千克/立方米，液体表面张力系数σ＝0.065牛顿/米，液体动力粘度μ＝0.00095帕·秒，空气密度ρ g＝1.2千克/立方米。在确定上述参数值的基础上，按照以下三个步骤进行喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2和套筒进气孔直径d 3的详细设计。
第一步：根据喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5的数值要求，先确定喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和雾化体出口直径d 2的数值，其中喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1的取值范围为10D 0.5～15D 0.5，本实施例的喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1取值为0.002米＝10D 0.5，雾化体出口直径d 2的取值范围为2D 0.5～5D 0.5，本实施例的雾化体出口直径d 2取值为0.0006米＝3D 0.5，与此同时，雾化体出口直径d 2的数值还应满足如下约束条件(1)：
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000011
式中：Q是喷嘴的设计喷雾流量，单位是立方米/秒；
d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
μ是液体动力粘度，单位是帕·秒。
当喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5≥300微米时，
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000012
的取值范围为
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000014
当喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5＜300微米，
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000015
的取值范围为
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000016
带入本实施例的雾化体出口直径d 2和设计喷雾流量Q等数值，获得
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000018
满足
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000019
的要求。
第二步：在获得上述喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和雾化体出口直径d 2的数值基础上，将喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q、喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和雾化体出口直径d 2等参数带入关系式(2)，获得满足关系式(2)的套筒进气孔直径d 3的数值。
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000020
当液体动力粘度μ≥0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 1的取值范围为0.07≤k 1≤0.10；当液体动力粘度μ＜0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 1的取值范围为0.10＜k 1≤0.12。式中：D 0.5是喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径，单位是米；
Q是喷嘴的设计喷雾流量，单位是立方米/秒；
d 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔直径，单位是米；
d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
d 3是套筒进气孔直径，单位是米；
ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
ρ g是外部大气环境的空气密度，单位是千克/立方米；
σ是液体表面张力系数，单位是牛顿/米；
k 1是修正系数，k 1＝0.07～0.12。
按照上述要求，带入本实施例的喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1、雾化体出口直径d 2、喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计喷雾流量Q、喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和雾化体出口直径d 2等参数，获得满足关系式(2)的套筒进气孔直径d 3的取值为0.0043米，其中k 1＝0.11。
第三步：将上述第一步和第二步所获得的喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和套筒进气孔直径d 3带入约束条件(3)，以确定喷嘴芯体进气孔数量N 1和套筒进气孔数量N 2的具体数值，其中喷嘴芯体进气孔数量N 1应在限定范围内进行选取，套筒进气孔数量N 2的数值则按照约束条件(3)进行设计选取：
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000021
式中：d 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔直径，单位是米；
d 3是套筒进气孔直径，单位是米；
N 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔数量，N 1＝3～5。
按照约束条件(3)的要求，带入本实施例的喷嘴芯体进气孔直径d 1和套筒进气孔直径d 3的数值，喷嘴芯体进气孔数量N 1取值为3，由此计算获得，套筒进气孔数量N 2取值为6，
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000022
满足约束条件(3)的要求。
喷嘴芯体1的内腔由进口渐缩段4、射流段6和出口扩散段7组成，沿着喷嘴芯体1的中心轴方向，进口渐缩段4呈渐缩状，射流段6呈圆柱状，出口扩散段7呈渐扩状；射流段6的壁面开设有一系列周向均匀分布的喷嘴芯体进气孔5，喷嘴芯体1的内腔射流段6和进气缓冲腔13通过喷嘴芯体进气孔5相联通；喷嘴芯体1的主要几何尺寸参数中，射流段直径D 111、射流段长度L 19和出口扩散段扩散角β8的设计公式如式(4)、(5)和(6)所示：
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000023
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000024
β＝6度～10度(6)
式中：D 1是射流段直径，单位是米；
ρ g是外部大气环境的空气密度，单位是千克/立方米；
Q是喷嘴的设计喷雾流量，单位是立方米/秒；
σ是液体表面张力系数，单位是牛顿/米；
d 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔直径，单位是米；
d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
L 1是射流段长度，单位是米；
ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
μ是液体动力粘度，单位是帕·秒；
β是出口扩散段扩散角，单位是度。
将上述数值带入公式(4)、(5)和(6)计算本实施例的射流段直径D 111等数值，由此获得，射流段直径D 111取值为0.008米，射流段长度L 19取值为0.012，出口扩散段扩散角β8取值为6度。
喷嘴芯体1和雾化体3安装在外部套筒2的内部，外部套筒2的内壁面与喷嘴芯体1的外壁面之间为圆环状的进气缓冲腔13；雾化体3的内部腔体为雾化体混合室16，雾化体出口17为固定扩散角的圆锥形孔口，雾化体混合室16的内腔呈圆锥状，沿着气液两相流流动方向，雾化体出口17的内径沿出口方向线性增大；雾化体3和喷嘴芯体1安装在外部套筒2的内部腔体内，雾化体3和喷嘴芯体1采用陶瓷、不锈钢或黄铜材料制作，外部套筒2采用尼龙、聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯材料制作；雾化体3的主要几何尺寸参数中，雾化体混合室最大内径D 219和进气缓冲腔宽度b15的设计公式如式(7)和(8)所示：
D 2＝2.6D 1+L 1tgβ  (7)
b＝k 2D 1  (8)
当液体动力粘度μ≥0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 2的取值范围为0.6≤k 2≤0.7；当液体动力粘度μ＜0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 2的取值范围为0.5≤k 2＜0.6；式中：D 2是雾化体混合室最大内径，单位是米；
D 1是射流段直径，单位是米；
L 1是射流段长度，单位是米；
β是出口扩散段扩散角，单位是度；
b是进气缓冲腔宽度，单位是米；
k 2是修正系数，k 2＝0.5～0.7。
将上述数值带入公式(7)和(8)计算本实施例的雾化体混合室最大内径D 219和进气缓冲腔宽度b15的数值，由此获得，雾化体混合室最大内径D 219取值为0.022米，进气缓冲腔宽度b15取值为0.0045，其中k 2＝0.55。
根据上述设计计算过程，可获得本发明实施例的喷嘴结构和关键几何尺寸，通过本发明实施例样品的试制和试验结果，对本发明实施例试验数据和相应的单相流体雾化常规喷嘴性能数据进行对比，具体结果如下表所示：
表1：本发明实施例和常规喷嘴性能数据对比
Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-000025
如表1所示，在喷雾压力为0.2MPa至0.3MPa时，本发明实施例的喷嘴性能在一定范围内能够满足特定的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5和设计喷雾流量Q等设计参数要求，和单相流体雾化常规喷嘴相比较而言，实施例喷嘴具有明显的喷雾流量小和雾滴粒径大的特点，在同样的喷雾压力条件下，其雾滴粒径较常规喷嘴普遍增大约60％左右，喷雾流量减小约35％左右，尤其适用于果园和设施农业中的低量植保喷雾施药技术领域。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴，其特征在于，所述气液两相流雾化喷嘴包括喷嘴芯体、外部套筒和雾化体三部分，喷嘴芯体的内腔由进口渐缩段、射流段和出口扩散段组成，沿着喷嘴芯体的中心轴方向，进口渐缩段呈渐缩状，射流段呈圆柱状，出口扩散段呈渐扩状，其中出口扩散段与雾化体混合室直接相联；喷嘴芯体和外部套筒的壁面分别开设有喷嘴芯体进气孔和套筒进气孔，使得喷嘴芯体内腔中的射流段通过喷嘴芯体进气孔、进气缓冲腔和套筒进气孔与外部大气相通；液体沿着喷嘴的中心轴方向流动，依次经过进口渐缩段、射流段、出口扩散段、雾化体混合室和雾化体出口后形成雾化现象；射流段的壁面开设有一系列周向均匀分布的喷嘴芯体进气孔，喷嘴芯体内腔的射流段和进气缓冲腔通过喷嘴芯体进气孔相联通；喷嘴芯体和雾化体安装在外部套筒的内部，外部套筒的内壁面与喷嘴芯体的外壁面之间为圆环状的进气缓冲腔；雾化体的内部腔体为雾化体混合室，雾化体出口为固定扩散角的圆锥形孔口，雾化体混合室的内腔呈圆锥状；雾化体和喷嘴芯体安装在外部套筒的内部腔体内，雾化体和喷嘴芯体采用陶瓷、不锈钢或黄铜材料制作，外部套筒采用尼龙、聚乙烯或聚四氟乙烯材料制作；
    喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5、设计流量Q和喷嘴的部分几何尺寸等参数之间适合以下关系：
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100001
    约束条件：
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100003
    当喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5≥300微米时，
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100004
    的取值范围为
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100005
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100006
    当喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径D 0.5＜300微米，
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100007
    的取值范围为
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100008
    当液体动力粘度μ≥0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 1的取值范围为0.07≤k 1≤0.10；当液体动力粘度μ＜0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 1的取值范围为0.10＜k 1≤0.12；
    式中：D 0.5是喷嘴的喷雾雾滴体积中径，单位是米；
    Q是喷嘴的设计流量，单位是立方米/秒；
    d 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔直径，单位是米；
    d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
    d 3是套筒进气孔直径，单位是米；
    ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
    ρ g是外部大气环境的空气密度，单位是千克/立方米；
    σ是液体表面张力系数，单位是牛顿/米；
    μ是液体动力粘度，单位是帕·秒；
    k 1是修正系数，k 1＝0.07～0.12；
    N 1是喷嘴芯体进气孔数量，N 1＝3～5。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴，其特征在于，喷嘴芯体的主要几何尺寸参数中，射流段直径D 1、射流段长度L 1和出口扩散段扩散角β的设计公式如下：
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2019098342-appb-100010
    β＝6°～10°
    式中：D 1是射流段直径，单位是米；
    ρ g是外部大气环境的空气密度，单位是千克/立方米；
    Q是喷嘴的设计流量，单位是立方米/秒；
    σ是液体表面张力系数，单位是牛顿/米；
    d 2是喷嘴的雾化体出口直径，单位是米；
    L 1是射流段长度，单位是米；
    ρ是液体密度，单位是千克/立方米；
    μ是液体动力粘度，单位是帕·秒；
    β是出口扩散段扩散角，单位是度。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种气液两相流雾化喷嘴，其特征在于，雾化体的主要几何尺寸参数中，雾化体混合室最大内径D 2和进气缓冲腔宽度b的设计公式如下：
    D 2＝1.2D 1+L 1tgβ
    b＝k 2D 1
    当液体动力粘度μ≥0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 2的取值范围为0.6≤k 2≤0.7；当液体动力粘度μ＜0.001帕·秒时，修正系数k 2的取值范围为0.5≤k 2＜0.6；式中：D 2是雾化体混合室最大内径，单位是米；
    D 1是射流段直径，单位是米；
    L 1是射流段长度，单位是米；
    β是出口扩散段扩散角，单位是度；
    b是进气缓冲腔宽度，单位是米；
    k 2是修正系数，k 2＝0.5～0.7。
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