WO2020133711A1 - 一种卫星定轨方法、装置及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种卫星定轨方法、装置及电子设备 Download PDF

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WO2020133711A1
WO2020133711A1 PCT/CN2019/077709 CN2019077709W WO2020133711A1 WO 2020133711 A1 WO2020133711 A1 WO 2020133711A1 CN 2019077709 W CN2019077709 W CN 2019077709W WO 2020133711 A1 WO2020133711 A1 WO 2020133711A1
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observation
satellite
equation
receiver
data
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PCT/CN2019/077709
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘欢
陆赛赛
姚文平
殷年吉
吉青
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上海海积信息科技股份有限公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/24Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for cosmonautical navigation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • G01S19/421Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions or signals derived from different satellite radio beacon positioning systems; by combining or switching between position solutions or signals derived from different modes of operation in a single system
    • G01S19/425Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions or signals derived from different satellite radio beacon positioning systems; by combining or switching between position solutions or signals derived from different modes of operation in a single system by combining or switching between signals derived from different satellite radio beacon positioning systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • G01S19/428Determining position using multipath or indirect path propagation signals in position determination
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42Determining position
    • G01S19/43Determining position using carrier phase measurements, e.g. kinematic positioning; using long or short baseline interferometry
    • G01S19/44Carrier phase ambiguity resolution; Floating ambiguity; LAMBDA [Least-squares AMBiguity Decorrelation Adjustment] method

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of satellite navigation technology, in particular to a satellite orbit determination method, device and electronic equipment.
  • the satellite navigation and positioning system can provide real-time positioning services on a global scale and is widely used in many industries around the world.
  • the accuracy of the current standard GNSS positioning technology is about 5-10 meters. For applications with higher accuracy requirements, it is usually necessary to use precision positioning methods.
  • the user receives the navigation signal sent by the navigation satellite and uses the navigation satellite as the dynamic known point, and uses the pseudo-range and other observation information to measure the on-board position and speed of the moving carrier in real time, and then complete the navigation.
  • satellite navigation systems may also include satellite navigation enhancement systems, which are mainly divided into two categories: satellite-based enhancement systems (SBAS) and ground-based enhancement systems (GBAS). Satellite-based augmentation systems such as the United States Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), Russia's differential correction and monitoring system (SDCM), etc., and ground-based augmentation systems such as the United States Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS).
  • WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
  • SDCM differential correction and monitoring system
  • LAAS United States Local Area Augmentation System
  • satellite orbit determination methods mainly include three types: ground monitoring station orbit determination, on-plane autonomous orbit determination and post-mortem precision orbit determination.
  • GNSS systems including GPS, GLONASS, BDS, etc., use a small number of ground tracking stations to achieve full arc orbit observation, then calculate and predict satellite orbits, and bet on navigation satellites.
  • Ground-based enhancement can provide the purpose of improving satellite navigation accuracy by providing differential correction signals; the optimized positioning accuracy can vary from millimeter to sub-meter level.
  • the calculated correction numbers include regional signals (similar to CORS signals) and wide area differential signals (similar to SBAS), and broadcast methods include mobile networks/UHF stations/synchronous satellites.
  • broadcast methods include mobile networks/UHF stations/synchronous satellites.
  • the corresponding errors at the rover are corrected to achieve rapid separation of the ambiguity parameter and the position parameter.
  • the ambiguity parameter can be fixed within a few epochs to achieve real-time differential positioning, such as RTK, etc., has the advantages of high precision and high real-time.
  • the precise positioning methods in the ground-based reinforcement system include differential positioning methods and precise single-point positioning methods.
  • the differential positioning method includes a local difference method and a wide area difference method. Both the wide-area differential method and precise single-point positioning need to calculate their precise signal deviations, precise orbits, etc. from the data of the ground monitoring network, and then use these precise orbits and clock corrections to make precise corrections at the user end to improve positioning accuracy.
  • the local difference method mainly broadcasts the observation data and coordinates of the reference station directly to the user, and eliminates the influence of the respective errors through the difference of the observation values at the user terminal, so as to achieve high-precision relative positioning.
  • the wide-area difference method lacks the support of a precise ionospheric model, and it takes 20-30 minutes to converge to obtain centimeter-level positioning results.
  • the distance between the user receiver and the reference station is within a certain range.
  • the density of ground monitoring network deployment stations is high.
  • SBAS Shortlite-Based Augmentation System
  • GEO geostationary orbit
  • ephemeris error satellite clock difference
  • ionospheric delay Realize the improvement of the positioning accuracy of the original satellite navigation system, thus becoming a means for the development of various aerospace powers.
  • On-board autonomous orbit determination relies on on-board GNSS receivers or inertial measurement units for orbit determination.
  • on-board autonomous orbit determination methods based on GNSS observations can provide real-time autonomous continuous satellite orbits.
  • the autonomous orbit determination based on GNSS observations can usually only obtain the orbit determination accuracy of several meters.
  • satellite-based enhanced satellites are mainly distributed in GEO orbits, which are divided into wide-area differential intactness enhancement for users such as civil aviation and wide-area precision positioning enhancement for high-precision users such as surveying and mapping. Characteristics, but the current wide area precision positioning technology has a long convergence time, it is difficult to form a PNT application with high real-time requirements, and the problem of slow convergence time needs to be solved.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a satellite orbit determination method, device, and electronic equipment, which are used to effectively improve the convergence time of precision orbit determination.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite orbit determination method.
  • the method includes:
  • the first observation equation and the second observation equation are solved to determine the orbital position of the navigation satellite.
  • the second observation data includes carrier phase observation data; the second observation data is obtained in the following manner, including:
  • the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop is determined according to the measurement accuracy
  • the obtained signal of the navigation satellite is input to the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop, and the output carrier phase data is used as the carrier phase observation data in the second observation data.
  • the first observation equation is:
  • Y GROUNDi F GB (X BDi ,X oi ,t i )+ ⁇ BDi ;
  • Y GROUNDi is the first observation data at time t i ;
  • F GB represents the observation function of the ground receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X oi represents the observation model in the first observation equation Parameters;
  • ⁇ GROUNDi is the observation error of the first observation data;
  • Y LEOi F LB (X BDi , X LEOi , X Oi , t i ) + ⁇ LEOi ;
  • Y LEOi is the second observation data at time t i ;
  • F LB is the observation function of the low-orbit satellite receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X LEOi is the orbital position of the low-orbiting satellite;
  • X Oi is the parameter of the observation model in the second observation equation;
  • ⁇ LEOi is the observation error of the second observation data.
  • both the first observation data and the second observation data are dual-frequency observation data
  • the determining the first observation equation of the ground receiver and the second observation equation of the low-orbit satellite receiver include:
  • the ionospheric delay error in the first observation equation and the second observation equation is eliminated to obtain the eliminated first observation equation and second observation equation.
  • the observation function in the first observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the observation function in the second observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the carrier phase observation function of the first observation equation is:
  • the carrier phase observation function of the second observation equation is:
  • ⁇ lc is the combined ionospheric phase wavelength
  • p is the navigation satellite
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • dt BD, i is the ground receiver clock difference
  • dt LEO i is the low-orbit satellite receiver clock difference
  • dt i p is the satellite clock difference
  • Is the tropospheric delay between the ground and the navigation satellite For the tropospheric delay between the low-orbit satellite receiver and the navigation satellite
  • Multipath effect Multi-path effect for ground and navigation satellites
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite orbit determination device.
  • the method includes:
  • the transceiver unit is used to obtain the first observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the ground receiver and the second observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the low-orbit satellite receiver;
  • the processing unit is used to determine the first observation equation of the ground receiver and the second observation equation of the low-orbit satellite receiver; according to the first observation data and the second observation data, solve the first An observation equation and the second observation equation to determine the orbital position of the navigation satellite.
  • the processing unit is configured to determine a filter combination of the carrier tracking loop according to measurement accuracy if the tracking state of the carrier tracking loop of the low-orbit satellite receiver is determined to be in a locked state ;
  • the obtained navigation satellite signal is input to the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop, and the output carrier phase data is used as the carrier phase observation data in the second observation data.
  • the first observation equation is:
  • Y GROUNDi F GB (X BDi ,X oi ,t i )+ ⁇ BDi ;
  • Y GROUNDi is the first observation data at time t i ;
  • F GB represents the observation function of the ground receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X oi represents the observation model in the first observation equation Parameters;
  • ⁇ GROUNDi is the observation error of the first observation data;
  • Y LEOi F LB (X BDi , X LEOi , X Oi , t i ) + ⁇ LEOi ;
  • Y LEOi is the second observation data at time t i ;
  • F LB is the observation function of the low-orbit satellite receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X LEOi is the orbital position of the low-orbiting satellite;
  • X Oi is the parameter of the observation model in the second observation equation;
  • ⁇ LEOi is the observation error of the second observation data.
  • both the first observation data and the second observation data are dual-frequency observation data
  • the processing unit is specifically configured to eliminate the ionospheric delay error in the first observation equation and the second observation equation based on the dual-frequency observation data to obtain the eliminated first observation equation and second observation equation.
  • the observation function in the first observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the observation function in the second observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the carrier phase observation function of the first observation equation is:
  • the carrier phase observation function of the second observation equation is:
  • ⁇ lc is the combined ionospheric phase wavelength
  • p is the navigation satellite
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • dt BD, i is the ground receiver clock difference
  • dt LEO i is the low-orbit satellite receiver clock difference
  • dt i p is the satellite clock difference
  • Is the tropospheric delay between the ground and the navigation satellite For the tropospheric delay between the low-orbit satellite receiver and the navigation satellite
  • Multipath effect Multi-path effect for ground and navigation satellites
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including:
  • At least one processor At least one processor
  • the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one transceiver, and the instructions are executed by the at least one transceiver:
  • the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor:
  • processor is specifically used to:
  • the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop is determined according to the measurement accuracy; the obtained navigation satellite signal is input to the carrier tracking The filter of the loop is combined, and the output carrier phase data is used as the carrier phase observation data in the second observation data.
  • the first observation equation is:
  • Y GROUNDi F GB (X BDi ,X oi ,t i )+ ⁇ BDi ;
  • Y GROUNDi is the first observation data at time t i ;
  • F GB represents the observation function of the ground receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X oi represents the observation model in the first observation equation Parameters;
  • ⁇ GROUNDi is the observation error of the first observation data;
  • Y LEOi F LB (X BDi , X LEOi , X Oi , t i ) + ⁇ LEOi ;
  • Y LEOi is the second observation data at time t i ;
  • F LB is the observation function of the low-orbit satellite receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X LEOi is the orbital position of the low-orbiting satellite;
  • X Oi is the parameter of the observation model in the second observation equation;
  • ⁇ LEOi is the observation error of the second observation data.
  • both the first observation data and the second observation data are dual-frequency observation data
  • the processor is specifically configured to eliminate the ionospheric delay error in the first observation equation and the second observation equation based on the dual-frequency observation data to obtain the eliminated first observation equation and second observation equation.
  • the observation function in the first observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the observation function in the second observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the carrier phase observation function of the first observation equation is:
  • the carrier phase observation function of the second observation equation is:
  • ⁇ lc is the combined ionospheric phase wavelength
  • p is the navigation satellite
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • dt BD, i is the ground receiver clock difference
  • dt LEO i is the low-orbit satellite receiver clock difference
  • dt i p is the satellite clock difference
  • Is the tropospheric delay between the ground and the navigation satellite For the tropospheric delay between the low-orbit satellite receiver and the navigation satellite
  • Multipath effect Multi-path effect for ground and navigation satellites
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer storage medium that stores computer-executable instructions, and the computer-executable instructions are used to execute the method according to any one of the embodiments of the present invention.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product includes a calculation program stored on a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer program product The computer executes any one of the methods in the above embodiments.
  • the ground receiver and the receiver of the low-orbit satellite determine the first observation value and the second observation value of the navigation satellite at the current positioning time, and perform the precise orbit of the navigation satellite and the precision orbit of the low-orbit satellite, respectively.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a satellite orbit determination method provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic flowchart of a satellite orbit determination method provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic flowchart of a method for acquiring carrier phase observation data according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic flowchart of a satellite orbit determination method provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic flowchart of a satellite orbit determination method provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a satellite orbit determination device provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the enhancement function is further strengthened; domestic low-orbit navigation enhancement has become a research hotspot, multiple The constellation plan or universities have done a lot of system demonstration work around the enhancement of low-orbit navigation, and the single-high real-time and high-precision service is still in the blank; the next generation of foreign Iridium has already started the construction of the low-orbit navigation enhancement system, which is one step ahead and is expected to achieve low Orbit navigation enhancement, and the formation of military, civilian and commercial applications; domestic, low-orbit navigation enhancement has become a research hotspot, many constellation plans or universities have done a lot of system demonstration work around low-orbit navigation enhancement, but they have just started, high real-time high precision The service is still blank.
  • the low-orbit satellites move faster relative to the ground, the angular velocity is large, and the geometric changes of the observation data are fast. It can accelerate the convergence speed of the carrier phase ambiguity estimation, greatly improve the positioning accuracy and shorten the high-precision positioning convergence time. Therefore, it is relatively traditional to enhance the service Because the LEO satellite moves faster to the ground and the geometric configuration of the constellation changes faster, the LEO satellite navigation and enhanced signals broadcast to the customer through the implementation of precision orbit determination are conducive to the rapid convergence of carrier phase ambiguity parameters and Fixed, provides an opportunity to solve the problem of too long convergence time of the precise single-point positioning PPP technology.
  • the embodiment of the present invention uses a spaceborne receiver on the LEO satellite to obtain the observation data of the navigation satellite to reduce the convergence time required for the navigation satellite to orbit.
  • the receiver in the embodiment of the present invention is installed on a low-orbit satellite, and its speed and dynamics are much greater than those of vehicle-mounted and airborne satellite navigation equipment. Therefore, it needs to be corresponding to the satellite signal acquisition and tracking algorithm Adjustments to ensure the acquisition sensitivity and tracking accuracy of the carrier tracking loop.
  • the main bottleneck of the hardware of the multi-frequency spaceborne receiver as the core load is the high complexity of manufacturing satellite loads, and the software algorithm needs to verify the high-precision orbit clock error correction number calculation and satellite phase delay calculation , Regional high-precision ionospheric modeling, regional observation data and LEO observation data joint orbit determination, real-time regional station observation data real-time precision clock difference calculation model, LEO precision clock difference determination and other key technologies.
  • the satellite orbit determination system architecture includes navigation satellites, low-orbit satellites, ground receivers and low-orbit satellite receivers, and ground signal processing systems.
  • the ground receiver can receive navigation signals transmitted by navigation satellites.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite orbit determination method, which can be applied to a satellite orbit determination device. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes:
  • Step 201 Obtain the first observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the ground receiver and the second observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the low-orbit satellite receiver;
  • Step 202 Determine the first observation equation of the ground receiver and the second observation equation of the low-orbit satellite receiver
  • Step 203 Solve the first observation equation and the second observation equation according to the first observation data and the second observation data, thereby determining the orbital position of the navigation satellite.
  • spaceborne receivers are different according to different applications. Generally speaking, most spaceborne receivers are used for satellite orbit determination, timing and attitude determination. The accuracy of the orbit determination is generally 1-2 meters. According to different frequency points and constellation plans, it is generally divided into single constellation single frequency and multi-constellation multi-frequency receiver. In the embodiments of the present invention, in order to achieve improved ambiguity search efficiency, it can be obtained faster For the integer solution of ambiguity, a dual-constellation dual-frequency spaceborne receiver can be used. Specifically, the receiver can simultaneously receive the signals of GPS L1, L2 and/or Beidou satellite B1, B2 frequency points to provide dual-frequency high-precision observation data.
  • the ground receiver and the receiver of the low-orbit satellite determine the first observation value and the second observation value of the navigation satellite at the current positioning time, and perform the precise orbit of the navigation satellite and the precision orbit of the low-orbit satellite, respectively.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is first of all that the problem of observation data generation is that the LEO satellite observation arc is short, the running speed is fast, and the influence of atmospheric resistance is large, which causes the LEO satellite observation data received by the ground station to have more cycle slips and large gross errors;
  • the satellite receiver loop in the embodiment of the present invention takes into account that the angular velocity is relatively large and the speed is fast.
  • the carrier loop mechanism needs to ensure the accuracy of tracking.
  • the common carrier phase observation data of the receiver is generally only used to smooth the pseudorange. And Doppler calculation, only the incremental data before and after the carrier phase minus the intermediate frequency accumulation part is needed for the calculation.
  • the second observation data includes carrier phase observation data; the second observation data is obtained in the following manner, including:
  • the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop is determined according to the measurement accuracy
  • the obtained signal of the navigation satellite is input to the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop, and the output carrier phase data is used as the carrier phase observation data in the second observation data.
  • the carrier loop control mainly includes a frequency-locked loop FLL, a second-order phase-locked loop PLL2, and a second-order frequency-locked auxiliary third-order phase-locked loop mechanism.
  • the acquisition methods of spread spectrum signals mainly include serial acquisition, parallel acquisition and fast acquisition based on FFT.
  • the serial acquisition method is a sequential two-dimensional search process in the frequency domain and the time domain, and its acquisition time is longer; the parallel acquisition method uses multiple acquisition channels, and each channel separately completes the received signal and different code phases and different Doppler frequencies in parallel
  • the relative calculation of the local regenerated signal, compared with the serial capture, the capture speed is large
  • the acquisition process of the direct-spread signal is to detect whether the modulus square of y exceeds the threshold determined by noise statistics by performing a two-dimensional search in the time and frequency domains.
  • the fast acquisition method based on FFT can be in the same under a given ⁇ All phases of the pseudo code are searched during the time period, so the acquisition speed is high.
  • the carrier loop can also use the FLL+PLL hybrid carrier tracking algorithm.
  • the FLL loop directly tracks the carrier frequency, and outputs the Doppler frequency estimation error through the carrier discriminator, which has good dynamic performance, but the tracking accuracy is lower than that of the PLL loop.
  • a simple PLL consists of a frequency reference, phase detector, charge pump, loop filter, and voltage controlled oscillator (VCO).
  • a frequency synthesizer based on PLL technology will add two frequency dividers: one to lower the reference frequency and the other to divide the VCO.
  • the PLL works as a closed-loop control system for comparing the phase of the reference signal and the VCO.
  • the frequency synthesizer with additional reference and feedback divider is responsible for comparing the two phase adjustments by the divider settings.
  • the phase comparison is done in the phase detector, which generates an error voltage that is approximately linear within the phase error range of ⁇ 2 ⁇ , and remains constant when the error is greater than ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
  • This dual-mode operation employed by the phase-frequency comparator can generate a faster PLL lock time for large frequency errors (for example, when the PLL starts during power-up) and avoid being locked above harmonics.
  • the phase detector has two inputs, which are the input signal and the output signal of the voltage-controlled oscillator. In the case where the phase difference and the frequency difference between the two are not very large, the output of the phase detector is proportional to the difference between the two input signals.
  • the output of the phase discriminator is an analog signal, which eliminates high-frequency noise through a low-pass filter, and then enters the voltage-controlled oscillator.
  • the output frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator changes as its input voltage changes. From the principle diagram, the PLL is actually a negative feedback system, as long as the input signal is within the normal range, the output signal can keep up within a certain period of time. After the input signal changes, the process that the output signal tracks the input signal is called capture; when the output signal is tracked, it is called lock; when the input signal changes too fast, the output signal cannot be tracked. N frequency multiplication can be easily realized through PLL.
  • a second-order phase-locked loop PLL2 and a second-order frequency-locked auxiliary third-order phase-locked loop can be used.
  • time domain and frequency domain in PLL2 and FLL2+PLL3 are as follows:
  • the core formula of the second-order PLL loop filter in the time domain is as follows:
  • an input signal x n, y n denotes an output signal
  • u n denotes an output signal
  • T represents a period of adjustment
  • ⁇ 0 represents the loop characteristic value
  • the output signal can be obtained
  • the core formula of the second-order frequency-locked loop auxiliary third-order phase-locked loop filter is as follows:
  • v n represents the phase-locked input signal of the first-level filter
  • ⁇ f represents the phase discrimination characteristic value
  • ⁇ p represents the frequency discrimination characteristic value
  • f n represents the frequency
  • the adjustment mechanism of the carrier loop and the generation mechanism of the carrier phase observation data are different from those of the ordinary receiver; when acquiring the carrier phase observation data, the tracking loop is determined according to the loss-of-lock acquisition and tracking accuracy to improve the carrier phase The accuracy of the data.
  • the quality of the observed data is related to the loop status, loop accuracy evaluation mechanism, and bit inversion. Therefore, before outputting the carrier phase observation data, the loop status and loop accuracy evaluation can also be included And bit reversal and other parameters to improve the accuracy of observation data.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for acquiring carrier phase observation data, including:
  • Step 301 Receive the direct transmission signal of the navigation satellite, and use the received direct transmission signal as the input signal of the carrier loop in the receiver;
  • Step 302 Determine whether the current carrier loop lock indication is higher than the tracking threshold; if yes, perform a reset and re-track the direct signal; if not, perform step 303;
  • Step 303 Determine the filter type according to the needs of the current loop filtering; if it is determined that the current tracking state is the initial state or the current tracking accuracy is low, step 304 is performed; if it is determined that the current tracking state is the stable tracking or the current tracking accuracy is high , Step 305 or step 306 can be performed, and the selected loop can be determined according to the tracking accuracy;
  • Step 304 Input the input signal to the frequency discriminator and the FLL loop filter in sequence to obtain the output signal;
  • Step 305 Input the input signal to the phase detector and the PLL2 loop filter in sequence to obtain the output signal;
  • Step 306 Input the input signal to the phase detector and the FLL2+PLL3 loop filter in sequence to obtain the output signal;
  • Step 307 Input the output signal of the loop filter to the digitally controlled oscillator NCO of the carrier loop, and output the carrier phase accumulated value;
  • Step 308 Determine the carrier loop state, if it is determined that the carrier loop state is out of lock, then proceed to step 302; if it is determined that the carrier loop state is stable tracking, then proceed to step 309;
  • Step 309 determine whether Bt frame synchronization is valid; if yes, go to step 310; if not, go to step 313
  • Step 310 determine whether the loop tracking accuracy meets the requirements; if yes, go to step 311; if not, go to step 313;
  • Step 311 determine whether the carrier bit needs to be reversed; if not, go to step 312; if yes, go to step 313;
  • Step 312 Determine the accumulated carrier phase value at the current moment, and use the accumulated carrier phase value as the output carrier phase observation data;
  • Step 313 Determine that the carrier phase observation data is invalid.
  • the ambiguity information contained in the carrier phase is to be retained, so the processing of the integer part and fraction part must be Separated to retain any part of the carrier phase observations and improve the accuracy of orbit determination.
  • Step 401 The carrier phase accumulated value at the previous moment, the carrier phase accumulated value at the current moment, the intermediate frequency accumulated value and the local clock adjustment amount are input to the carrier phase calculation unit to determine the integer part and fractional part of the carrier phase observation data;
  • the integer part and the decimal part of the carrier phase observation data are the integer part and the decimal part of the accumulated carrier phase value at the current time minus the integer part and the decimal part of the accumulated carrier phase value at the previous time, and then the digital intermediate frequency is subtracted *Measurement time interval.
  • Step 402 Perform half-cycle compensation on the carrier phase observation data and output the final carrier phase observation data.
  • the unadjusted part of the carrier phase observation value at the previous time needs to be subtracted to ensure that the change of the carrier phase accumulated value is consistent with the pseudorange observation value.
  • Step 1 The ground receiver and the LEO spaceborne receiver receive the direct navigation signal broadcast by the navigation satellite, and capture and track the direct transmission signal;
  • Step 2 At each epoch, the ground receiver measures the direct navigation signal to generate pseudo-range and carrier phase first observation data; the LEO satellite-based receiver measures the direct navigation signal to generate pseudo-range and carrier Phase second observation data;
  • Step 3 Use the first observation data and the second observation data to establish the first observation equation and the second observation equation;
  • the first observation equation of the ground receiver and the second observation equation of the spaceborne Beidou receiver can be expressed respectively:
  • Y GROUNDi F GB (X BDi , X oi , t i ) + ⁇ BDi
  • Y LEOi F LB (X BDi , X LEOi , X Oi , t i ) + ⁇ LEOi
  • Y GROUNDi and Y LEOi represent the observation values of the ground and spaceborne Beidou receiver at time t i ;
  • F GB and F LB represent the observation functions of the ground and spaceborne Beidou receiver at time t i ;
  • X oi and X Oi represents other parameters to be estimated except X BDi and X LEOi , such as clock difference, ambiguity, atmospheric parameters, etc.;
  • ⁇ GROUNDi and ⁇ LEOi are the observation errors of the corresponding observations.
  • one satellite navigation system is used as a reference to normalize the observation data of other satellite navigation systems and low-orbit satellites to obtain a unified time reference observation equation
  • Step 4 Perform pre-processing of the cycle slip gross error on the first observation data and the second observation data.
  • Step 5 Use the first observation data, the second observation data, the satellite precise clock difference, and the precise orbit model to solve the observation equations to obtain the precise positioning of the navigation satellite and the leo satellite and the receiver clock difference;
  • Step 6 Receive the non-difference comprehensive correction information broadcasted by the ground-based monitoring network through the communication link, or the non-difference comprehensive correction information broadcast by the leo satellite;
  • Step 7 Calculate the error correction parameters of the user's rough position relative to each navigation satellite and low-orbit satellite based on the received non-difference comprehensive correction information;
  • Step 8 Use precise single-point positioning mode for positioning processing, timing and speed measurement results, and carrier phase ambiguity parameters.
  • the dual-frequency observation data provided by the spaceborne receiver combined with GNSS satellite precision orbit and clock difference and hardware delay modeling information and ground station observation data can realize fast real-time LEO/GNSS joint PPP orbit determination.
  • the technical solution of the present invention relates to the processing of observation data, especially the problem of dual-frequency carrier phase processing.
  • the research on PPP is mainly based on dual-frequency observation data, and static mm-cm and dynamic cm-dm levels have been achieved positioning accuracy.
  • dual-frequency precise single-point positioning combines dual-frequency pseudorange and phase observations to eliminate the effects of the first-order term of the ionosphere.
  • Dual-frequency precision single-point positioning usually forms Melbourne-Wübbena and Geometry-Free combination, and uses Turbo-Edit method for cycle slip detection.
  • the observation model of dual-frequency precise single-point positioning and the ionospheric-free combined observation equation of dual-frequency carrier and pseudorange are: The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below through a specific embodiment.
  • a schematic diagram of a non-poor PPP orbit determination process may include:
  • Step 501 Preprocess the cycle-slip gross error detection data of the first observation data and the second observation data.
  • Step 502 Use the first observation data and the second observation data to establish a first observation equation and a second observation equation
  • the first observation equation is:
  • Y GROUNDi F GB (X BDi ,X oi ,t i )+ ⁇ BDi ;
  • Y GROUNDi is the first observation data at time t i ;
  • F GB represents the observation function of the ground receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X oi represents the observation model in the first observation equation Parameters;
  • ⁇ GROUNDi is the observation error of the first observation data;
  • Y LEOi F LB (X BDi , X LEOi , X Oi , t i ) + ⁇ LEOi ;
  • Y LEOi is the second observation data at time t i ;
  • F LB is the observation function of the low-orbit satellite receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X LEOi is the orbital position of the low-orbiting satellite;
  • X Oi is the parameter of the observation model in the second observation equation;
  • ⁇ LEOi is the observation error of the second observation data.
  • the first observation data generated by the ground receiver receiving the navigation signal of the navigation satellite includes multi-constellation multi-frequency point pseudorange, carrier phase and Doppler observation data; the second generation generated by the LEO spaceborne receiver receiving the navigation signal of the navigation satellite data observation.
  • the first observation equation may include a carrier phase observation equation and a pseudorange equation; the second observation equation may also include a carrier phase observation equation and a pseudorange equation.
  • the first observation data and the second observation data are both dual-frequency observation data; the first observation equation for determining the ground receiver and the first observation data for the low-orbit satellite receiver Two observation equations, including:
  • the ionospheric delay error in the first observation equation and the second observation equation is eliminated to obtain the eliminated first observation equation and second observation equation.
  • the first observation data without ionospheric combination and the second observation data without ionospheric combination can be constructed according to the first observation data and the second observation data of dual frequency, to eliminate the influence of the first-order ionospheric delay,
  • the model of carrier phase observation equation and pseudorange equation is:
  • ⁇ lc is the combined phase wavelength of the ionosphere-free, It is the observation value of the ionospheric carrier phase (in terms of distance); p represents the satellite and k represents the station; Pseudorange observations without ionosphere; Is the geometric distance of the station star; Is the ambiguity; dt k is the receiver clock difference, dt p is the satellite clock difference; Tropospheric delay; Multipath effect; Phase and pseudo-range observation noise.
  • the observation functions in the first observation equation include pseudorange observation functions and carrier phase observation functions; the observation functions in the second observation equation include pseudorange observation functions and carrier phase observation functions;
  • the carrier phase observation function of the first observation equation is:
  • the carrier phase observation function of the second observation equation is:
  • ⁇ lc is the combined ionospheric phase wavelength
  • p is the navigation satellite
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • dt BD, i is the ground receiver clock difference
  • dt LEO i is the low-orbit satellite receiver clock difference
  • dt i p is the satellite clock difference
  • Is the tropospheric delay between the ground and the navigation satellite For the tropospheric delay between the low-orbit satellite receiver and the navigation satellite
  • For multipath effects Multipath effect; Multi-path effect for ground and navigation satellites; Multipath effect for low-orbit satellites and navigation satellites.
  • the tropospheric delay can usually be divided into dry and wet components.
  • the dry component can be corrected by the model, and the wet component is estimated as the parameter to be estimated.
  • a mapping function can be used to project the oblique delay to the zenith direction, and only one zenith wet delay is estimated.
  • Models such as relativistic effects, earth rotation, and antenna phase center are used to correct the observation equations to eliminate some parameters, while ignoring residual satellite orbit and clock error errors.
  • (x, y, z) is the precise orbit coordinates of low-orbit satellites or navigation satellites
  • (xr, 0, yr, 0, zr, 0) is the approximate position of the receiver.
  • V is the observation residual
  • A is the coefficient matrix
  • ⁇ X is the unknown vector including receiver coordinate correction, receiver clock error, tropospheric zenith wet delay, and carrier phase ambiguity
  • L is the calculation vector.
  • Step 503 Solve the linearized observation equation in combination with the parameter optimal estimation method to obtain the precise orbit determination positions of the navigation satellite and the low-orbit satellite.
  • the least square method or Kalman filtering may be used to perform integrated PPP processing.
  • this project will adopt an extremely effective indexing strategy to speed up the update of the normal equations, greatly reducing the time consumption of the elimination parameters; for the ambiguity parameters, this patent will define the effective time of the ambiguity Paragraph, when the ambiguity parameter just disappears, it will be eliminated from the normal equation.
  • the software's data structure is optimized, the time for transferring and inheriting large arrays between functions is reduced, and the operating efficiency of the software is improved.
  • the stochastic model describes the statistical characteristics of the observations, usually expressed by the variance covariance matrix of the observations. From the observation equations, the combined ionospheric observations are linear combinations of the original observations. Assuming that the observations at different frequencies are not related, the initial variance of the combined ionospheric observations can be calculated by the error propagation law. The specific variance can be defined as a function of the initial variance and the satellite height angle. Assuming that the observations of different satellites and different systems are uncorrelated, and that different types of observations, that is, pseudorange and phase observations are uncorrelated, the variance covariance matrix of observations can be obtained.
  • the static receiver coordinates can be expressed as constants
  • the dynamic receiver coordinates and receiver clock differences can be expressed as random walks or first-order Gaussian Markov processes
  • the tropospheric zenith wet delay can be expressed as random walks
  • the carrier phase ambiguity parameter can be expressed as a constant, so the state equation is obtained.
  • X is the receiver coordinate correction, receiver clock error and other parameters to be estimated
  • is the state transition matrix
  • w k-1 is the state transition noise.
  • the standard Kalman filtering process can be used to estimate the parameters. Since the satellite phase fractional deviation correction is not performed here, only the floating-point solution result of the carrier phase ambiguity is obtained. If the observation equation is corrected by further correcting the satellite phase fractional deviation contained in the low-orbit satellite enhancement information, the integer characteristic of the ambiguity can be restored, the ambiguity can be fixed, and the result of the fixed solution of the carrier phase ambiguity can be obtained, which further shortens the initialization time and improves Positioning, speed measurement and timing accuracy.
  • Step 504 Use the navigation satellite enhanced information and model broadcast by the low-orbit satellite to correct the error.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a satellite orbit determination device. As shown in FIG. 6, the method includes:
  • the transceiver unit 601 is configured to acquire first observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the ground receiver and second observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the low-orbit satellite receiver;
  • the processing unit 602 is used to determine the first observation equation of the ground receiver and the second observation equation of the low-orbit satellite receiver; according to the first observation data and the second observation data, solve the The first observation equation and the second observation equation to determine the orbital position of the navigation satellite.
  • the processing unit 602 is configured to determine a filter of the carrier tracking loop according to measurement accuracy if it is determined that the tracking state of the carrier tracking loop of the low-orbit satellite receiver is locked. Combination; inputting the obtained signal of the navigation satellite to the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop, and using the output carrier phase data as the carrier phase observation data in the second observation data.
  • the first observation equation is:
  • Y GROUNDi F GB (X BDi ,X oi ,t i )+ ⁇ BDi ;
  • Y GROUNDi is the first observation data at time t i ;
  • F GB represents the observation function of the ground receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X oi represents the observation model in the first observation equation Parameters;
  • ⁇ GROUNDi is the observation error of the first observation data;
  • Y LEOi F LB (X BDi , X LEOi , X Oi , t i ) + ⁇ LEOi ;
  • Y LEOi is the second observation data at time t i ;
  • F LB is the observation function of the low-orbit satellite receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X LEOi is the orbital position of the low-orbiting satellite;
  • X Oi is the parameter of the observation model in the second observation equation;
  • ⁇ LEOi is the observation error of the second observation data.
  • both the first observation data and the second observation data are dual-frequency observation data
  • the processing unit 602 is specifically configured to eliminate the ionospheric delay error in the first observation equation and the second observation equation based on the dual-frequency observation data to obtain the eliminated first observation equation and second observation equation.
  • the observation function in the first observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the observation function in the second observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the carrier phase observation function of the first observation equation is:
  • the carrier phase observation function of the second observation equation is:
  • ⁇ lc is the combined ionospheric phase wavelength
  • p is the navigation satellite
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • dt BD, i is the ground receiver clock difference
  • dt LEO i is the low-orbit satellite receiver clock difference
  • dt i p is the satellite clock difference
  • Is the tropospheric delay between the ground and the navigation satellite For the tropospheric delay between the low-orbit satellite receiver and the navigation satellite
  • Multipath effect Multi-path effect for ground and navigation satellites
  • the present application provides an electronic device including at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor , The instruction is executed by the at least one processor, so that the at least one processor can execute the satellite orbit determination method in the foregoing embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by this application.
  • the electronic device includes a processor 701, a memory 702, and a transceiver 703; wherein, the processor 701, the memory 702, and the transceiver 703 are connected to each other through a bus 704.
  • the memory 702 is used to store programs.
  • the program may include program code, and the program code includes computer operation instructions.
  • the memory 702 may be volatile memory (volatile memory), such as random-access memory (RAM for short); or non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as flash memory (flash memory) ), hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD); any one or more of the combination of volatile memory and non-volatile memory.
  • volatile memory volatile memory
  • RAM random-access memory
  • non-volatile memory non-volatile memory
  • flash memory flash memory
  • HDD hard disk drive
  • SSD solid-state drive
  • the memory 702 stores the following elements, executable modules or data structures, or their subsets, or their extended sets:
  • Operation instructions including various operation instructions, used to realize various operations.
  • Operating system includes various system programs for implementing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks.
  • the bus 704 may be a peripheral component interconnection (peripheral component interconnection, PCI for short) bus or an extended industry standard architecture (extended industry standard architecture, EISA for short) bus, or the like.
  • the bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus and so on. For ease of representation, only a thick line is used in FIG. 7, but it does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.
  • the transceiver 703 may communicate through a communication interface, and the communication interface may be a wired communication access port, a wireless communication interface, or a combination thereof, where the wired communication interface may be, for example, an Ethernet interface.
  • the Ethernet interface may be an optical interface, an electrical interface, or a combination thereof.
  • the wireless communication interface may be a WLAN interface.
  • the processor 701 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), or a combination of CPU and NP. It can also be a hardware chip.
  • the aforementioned hardware chip may be an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD) or a combination thereof.
  • the above PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (complex programmable logic device (CPLD), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), general array logic (GAL) or any of them combination.
  • the memory 702 may also be integrated with the processor 701.
  • the memory 702 is used to store one or more executable programs, and can store data used by the processor 701 when performing operations.
  • the transceiver 703 is used to obtain first observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the ground receiver and second observation data of the navigation satellite determined by the low-orbit satellite receiver;
  • the processor 701 is configured to: determine a first observation equation of the ground receiver and a second observation equation of the low-orbit satellite receiver; according to the first observation data and the second observation data, solve Calculate the first observation equation and the second observation equation to determine the orbital position of the navigation satellite.
  • the processor 701 is configured to:
  • the filter combination of the carrier tracking loop is determined according to the measurement accuracy; the obtained navigation satellite signal is input to the carrier tracking The filter of the loop is combined, and the output carrier phase data is used as the carrier phase observation data in the second observation data.
  • the first observation equation is:
  • Y GROUNDi F GB (X BDi ,X oi ,t i )+ ⁇ BDi ;
  • Y GROUNDi is the first observation data at time t i ;
  • F GB represents the observation function of the ground receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X oi represents the observation model in the first observation equation Parameters;
  • ⁇ GROUNDi is the observation error of the first observation data;
  • Y LEOi F LB (X BDi , X LEOi , X Oi , t i ) + ⁇ LEOi ;
  • Y LEOi is the second observation data at time t i ;
  • F LB is the observation function of the low-orbit satellite receiver at time t i ;
  • X BDi is the orbital position of the navigation satellite;
  • X LEOi is the orbital position of the low-orbiting satellite;
  • X Oi is the parameter of the observation model in the second observation equation;
  • ⁇ LEOi is the observation error of the second observation data.
  • both the first observation data and the second observation data are dual-frequency observation data
  • the processor 701 is specifically configured to eliminate the ionospheric delay error in the first observation equation and the second observation equation based on the dual-frequency observation data to obtain the eliminated first observation equation and second observation equation.
  • the observation function in the first observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the observation function in the second observation equation includes a pseudorange observation function and a carrier phase observation function
  • the carrier phase observation function of the first observation equation is:
  • the carrier phase observation function of the second observation equation is:
  • ⁇ lc is the combined ionospheric phase wavelength
  • p is the navigation satellite
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • It is the geometric distance between the navigation satellite and the ground receiver
  • dt BD, i is the ground receiver clock difference
  • dt LEO i is the low-orbit satellite receiver clock difference
  • dt i p is the satellite clock difference
  • Is the tropospheric delay between the ground and the navigation satellite For the tropospheric delay between the low-orbit satellite receiver and the navigation satellite
  • For multipath effects Multipath effect; Multi-path effect for ground and navigation satellites; Multipath effect for low-orbit satellites and navigation satellites.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, wherein the computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program includes program instructions, wherein, when the program instructions When being executed by a computer, the computer is caused to execute any method for determining a database synchronization delay in any of the foregoing method embodiments of the present application.
  • the embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present invention may take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.
  • computer usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • each flow and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram and a combination of the flow and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram may be implemented by computer program instructions.
  • These computer program instructions can be provided to the processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processing machine, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine that enables the generation of instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, the instructions
  • the device implements the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks of the flowchart one flow or multiple flows and/or block diagrams.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operating steps are performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing, which is executed on the computer or other programmable device
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks of the flowchart one flow or multiple flows and/or block diagrams.

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Abstract

一种卫星定轨方法、装置及电子设备,方法包括:获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的导航卫星的第二观测数据(步骤201);确定地面接收机的第一观测方程和低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程(步骤202);根据第一观测数据和第二观测数据,解算第一观测方程和第二观测方程,从而确定导航卫星的轨道位置(步骤203)。

Description

一种卫星定轨方法、装置及电子设备
本申请要求在2018年12月28日提交中华人民共和国知识产权局、申请号为201811627358.1,发明名称为“一种卫星精密定轨方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及卫星导航技术领域,尤其涉及一种卫星定轨方法、装置及电子设备。
背景技术
卫星导航定位系统(GNSS)能够提供全球范围内实时的定位服务,并在世界各国的许多行业中得到了广泛的应用。目前标准的GNSS定位技术精度大约为5-10米。对于精度要求更高的应用,通常需要使用精密定位的方法。用户通过接收导航卫星发送的导航信号,并以导航卫星作为动态己知点,利用伪距等观测信息实时地测定运动载体的在航位置和速度,进而完成导航。
实时获取精确的卫星轨道,是实现精密卫星导航定位的关键技术。目前,为提高导航精度,卫星导航系统还可以包括卫星导航增强系统主要分为星基增强系统(SBAS)和地基增强系统(GBAS)两大类。星基增强系统如美国的广域增强系统(WAAS)、俄罗斯的差分校正和监测系统(SDCM)等,地基增强系统如美国的局域增强系统(LAAS)等。使用增强系统之后,卫星静态定位精度可以达到厘米级,动态精度可以达到米级(车道级)。
目前,卫星轨道的确定方法主要包括3种:地面监测站定轨、星上自主定轨和事后精密定轨。目前,GNSS系统,包括GPS,GLONASS,BDS等都使用少数的地面跟踪站实现轨道全弧段观测,然后计算和预报卫星轨道,上注到导航卫星。
地基增强通过提供差分修正信号,可达到提高卫星导航精度的目的;优 化后的定位精度可以从毫米级至亚米级不等。基于连续运行的永久参考站,解算出的修正数包括区域信号(类似CORS信号)和广域差分信号(类似SBAS),播发方式包括移动网络/UHF电台/同步卫星等。基于地基增强系统播发非差综合改正信息的方式改正流动站处相应误差,从而达到模糊度参数与位置参数的快速分离,可在几个历元内固定模糊度参数,实现实时的差分定位,如RTK等,具有高精度、高实时性等优势,目前地基增强系统中的精密定位的方法有差分定位方法和精密单点定位方法。其中,差分定位方法包括局域差分方法和广域差分方法。广域差分方法和精密单点定位都需要通过地面监测网的数据计算出各自精密的信号偏差,精密轨道等,然后在用户端使用这些精密轨道和钟差精细改正来提高定位精度。局域差分方法主要是将参考站的观测数据和坐标直接播放给用户,在用户端通过观测值差分的方式消除各自误差的影响,实现高精度相对定位。但是,广域差分方法缺乏精密电离层模型支持,需要20-30分钟收敛才能获得厘米级的定位结果;局域差分方法中,需要用户接收机与参考站之间的距离在一定范围内,对地基监测网络布站密度要求较高。
SBAS(Satellite-Based Augmentation System)星基增强系统,通过地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星搭载卫星导航增强信号转发器,可以向用户播发星历误差、卫星钟差、电离层延迟等多种修正信息,实现对于原有卫星导航系统定位精度的改进,从而成为各航天大国竞相发展的手段。
星上自主定轨是依靠星上的GNSS接收机或惯性测量单元进行轨道确定,其中,基于GNSS观测值的星上自主定轨方法能提供实时自主连续的卫星轨道,但是,由于受GNSS导航卫星广播星历的轨道误差和钟差的影响,基于GNSS观测值的星上自主定轨通常只能获得数米量级的定轨精度。为获得高精度的定轨,星基增强卫星主要分布在GEO轨道,分为面向民航等用户的广域差分完好性增强与面向测绘等高精度用户的广域精密定位增强,具备广域覆盖的特点,但是目前的广域精密定位技术收敛时间长,难以形成面实时性要求较高的PNT应用,需要解决其收敛时间较慢的问题。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种卫星定轨方法、装置及电子设备,用于有效提高精密定轨的收敛时间。
本发明实施例提供一种卫星定轨方法,该方法包括:
获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;
根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第二观测数据包括载波相位观测数据;所述第二观测数据通过以下方式获得,包括:
低轨卫星接收机若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;
将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程为:
Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
所述第二观测方程为:
Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
所述确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程,包括:
根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000001
所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000002
所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000003
所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000004
其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000005
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000006
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000007
为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000008
为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000009
为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000010
为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流 层延迟;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000011
为多路径效应、
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000012
为多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000013
为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000014
为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
本发明实施例提供一种卫星定轨装置,该方法包括:
收发单元,用于获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
处理单元,用于确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
一种可能的实现方式,所述处理单元,用于若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程为:
Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
所述第二观测方程为:
Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
所述处理单元,具体用于根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000015
所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000016
所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000017
所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000018
其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000019
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000020
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000021
为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000022
为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000023
为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000024
为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000025
为多路径效应、
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000026
为多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000027
为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000028
为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
本发明实施例提供一种电子设备,包括:
至少一个处理器;
以及与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;
所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个收发机执行的指令,所述指令被所 述至少一个收发机执行:
获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行:
确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
一种可能的实现方式,所述处理器,具体用于:
若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程为:
Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
所述第二观测方程为:
Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
所述处理器,具体用于根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所 述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000029
所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000030
所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000031
所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000032
其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000033
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000034
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000035
为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000036
为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000037
为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000038
为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000039
为多路径效应、
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000040
为多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000041
为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000042
为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
本发明实施例提供一种计算机存储介质,存储有计算机可执行指令,所述计算机可执行指令用于执行如本发明实施例提供任一项的方法。
本发明实施例提供一种计算机程序产品,所述计算机程序产品包括存储在计算机可读存储介质上的计算程序,所述计算机程序包括程序指令,当所述程序指令被计算机执行时,使所述计算机执行上述实施例中任一一种方法。
本发明实施例中,地面接收机和低轨卫星的接收机在当前定位时刻确定对导航卫星的第一观测值和第二观测值,分别对导航卫星的精密轨道和低轨卫星的精密轨道进行解算,由于低轨卫星相对地面运动速度较快(角速度大),观测数据几何变化快,可加快载波相位整周模糊度估计收敛速度,大幅提高定位精度并缩短高精度定位收敛时间。因此,通过结合地面的观测数据和低轨卫星的观测数据,实现了对导航卫星的精密定轨的同时,减少了收敛时间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简要介绍。
图1示出了本发明实施例提供的一种卫星定轨方法的系统架构示意图;
图2示出了本发明实施例提供的一种卫星定轨方法的流程示意图;
图3示出了本发明实施例提供的一种获取载波相位观测数据的方法的流程示意图;
图4示出了本发明实施例提供的一种卫星定轨方法的流程示意图;
图5示出了本发明实施例提供的一种卫星定轨方法的流程示意图;
图6示出了本发明实施例提供的一种卫星定轨装置的结构示意图;
图7示出了本发明实施例提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
下面介绍本发明实施例的技术背景。
2015年,美国波音公司获得了美国军方约1.6亿美元合同,进一步开展基于铱星的GPS导航增强技术研究和应用实验。为此组建了新的研究团队,主要参与者更变为Satelles公司。新的低轨增强技术基于铱星系统新设置的GPS导航增强专用STL(Satelles Time and Location)服务业务,在iGPS的基础上,进 一步强化增强功能;国内低轨导航增强已经成为研究热点,多个星座计划或高校已经围绕低轨导航增强做了大量的体制论证工作,单高实时高精度服务尚处于空白;国外下一代铱星已经启动了低轨导航增强系统的建设,领先一步,有望实现低轨导航增强,并形成军民商应用;国内,低轨导航增强已经成为研究热点,多个星座计划或高校已经围绕低轨导航增强做了大量的体制论证工作,但都刚刚起步,高实时高精度服务尚处于空白。
低轨卫星相对地面运动速度较快,角速度大,观测数据几何变化快,可加快载波相位整周模糊度估计收敛速度,大幅提高定位精度并缩短高精度定位收敛时间,因此,相对传统的增强服务,由于LEO卫星对地面运动较快,星座的几何构型变化较快,通过实施精密定轨后的LEO卫星,向客户播发LEO星座卫星导航和增强信号有利于载波相位模糊度参数的快速收敛和固定,为解决精密单点定位PPP技术收敛时间过长的问题提供契机。本发明实施例采用LEO卫星上的星载接收机获取导航卫星的观测数据,以减少导航卫星定轨所需的收敛时间。
相对于传统的卫星导航设备,本发明实施例中的接收机由于安装在低轨卫星上,速度和动态都远大于车载、机载卫星导航设备,需要在卫星信号的捕获与跟踪算法上作相应的调整保证捕获灵敏度以及载波跟踪环的跟踪精度。
为了实现高实时高精度服务,作为核心载荷的多频星载接收机的硬件主要瓶颈在于制造卫星载荷复杂度高,软件算法则需要验证高精度轨道钟差改正数解算、卫星相位延迟解算、区域高精度电离层建模、区域观测数据与LEO观测数据联合定轨、实时区域站观测数据实时精密钟差解算模型、LEO精密钟差确定等关键技术。
下面结合附图介绍本发明实施例提供的技术方案。
如图1所示,该卫星定轨的系统架构中包括,导航卫星,低轨卫星,地面接收机和低轨卫星接收机,及地面的信号处理系统。地面接收机可以接收导航卫星发射的导航信号。结合图1,本发明实施例提供一种卫星定轨方法, 该方法可以应用于卫星定轨装置,如图2所示,该方法包括:
步骤201:获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
步骤202:确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;
步骤203:根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
需要说明的是,根据不同应用场合,星载接收机的功能不同,一般来说多数星载接收机用于卫星定轨、授时和定姿等。定轨精度一般在1-2米,根据频点和星座规划不同,一般分单星座单频,多星座多频接收机,本发明实施例中,为了实现模糊度搜索效率提高,可以更快获取模糊度整数解,可以采用双星座双频星载接收机。具体的,该接收机可以同时接收GPS的L1、L2和/或北斗卫星B1、B2频点的信号,以提供双频的高精度观测数据。
本发明实施例中,地面接收机和低轨卫星的接收机在当前定位时刻确定对导航卫星的第一观测值和第二观测值,分别对导航卫星的精密轨道和低轨卫星的精密轨道进行解算,由于低轨卫星相对地面运动速度较快(角速度大),观测数据几何变化快,可加快载波相位整周模糊度估计收敛速度,大幅提高定位精度并缩短高精度定位收敛时间。因此,通过结合地面的观测数据和低轨卫星的观测数据,实现了对导航卫星的精密定轨的同时,减少了收敛时间。
本发明的技术解决问题首先是观测数据生成问题是LEO卫星观测弧段短、运行速度快、大气阻力影响大,导致地面站所接收到的LEO卫星观测数据中周跳较多、粗差大;本发明实施例中的星载接收机环路使用考虑到角速度比较大,速度很快,载波环路机制需要保证跟踪的准确性,常见的接收机的载波相位观测数据一般只用来平滑伪距和多普勒的计算,计算时只需要载波相位前后时刻的增量数据减去中频累加部分。
而如果用于非差的PPP精密定位,则需要连续的载波相位累加值输出,需要考虑到钟差调整带来的影响。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第二观测数据包括载波相位观测数据;所述第二观测数据通过以下方式获得,包括:
低轨卫星接收机若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;
将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
本发明实施例中,载波环路控制主要包括锁频环FLL、二阶锁相环PLL2以及2阶锁频辅助3阶锁相环的机制下切换。
扩频信号的捕获方法主要有串行捕获、并行捕获和基于FFT的快速捕获。串行捕获方法是一个频域和时域的顺序二维搜索过程,其捕获时间较长;并行捕获方法采用多个捕获通道,各个通道分别并行完成接收信号与不同码相位和不同多普勒频率的本地再生信号的相关计算,相对于串行捕获,捕获速度大
直扩信号的捕获过程就是通过在时间域和频域进行二维搜索来检测y的模平方是否超过由噪声统计决定的门限值,基于FFT的快速捕获方法可以在给定ω下,在同一时间段内搜索伪码所有相位,因此捕获速度很高。
在高动态环境下,由于多普勒频移的不确定性,直接捕获载波相位有较大的难度;另外,为了提高动态跟踪能力,势必增加环路带宽,而增加环路带宽就会引入较大的跟踪误差。在初始捕获时,采用FFT可以对信号进行快速捕获,为了解决高动态捕获能力和提高跟踪精度的矛盾,在需要提高精度时,载波环还可以采用FLL+PLL混合载波跟踪算法。FLL环直接跟踪载波频率,通过载波鉴频器输出多普勒频率估计误差,具有较好的动态性能,但跟踪精度比PLL环的低。
简单的PLL由频率基准、相位检波器、电荷泵、环路滤波器和压控振荡器(VCO)组成。基于PLL技术的频率合成器将增加两个分频器:一个用于降低基准频率,另一个则用于对VCO进行分频。PLL是作为闭环控制系统工作,用于比较基准信号与VCO的相位。增设基准和反馈分频器的频率合成器 负责比较两个由分频器的设定值调节相位。该相位比较在相位检波器中完成,该相位-频率检波器生成一个误差电压,此误差电压在±2π的相位误差范围内近似为线性,并在误差大于±2π的情况下保持恒定。相位-频率比较器所采用的这种双模式操作可生成针对大频率误差(比如,当PLL在上电期间起动时)的较快的PLL锁定时间,并避免被锁定于谐波之上。
鉴相器有两个输入,分别是输入信号和压控振荡器的输出信号,在二者相位差和频率差不是很大的情况下,鉴相器的输出与两输入信号之差成正比,鉴相器的输出为模拟信号,其通过低通滤波器虑除高频杂波,后进入压控振荡器,压控振荡器的输出频率随其输入电压的改变而改变。从原理图上看,PLL实际上是一负反馈系统,只要输入信号在正常范围内,输出信号在“一定时间内”都能跟上。输入信号发生变化后,输出信号跟踪输入信号的过程称之为捕获;输出信号跟踪完毕时称之为锁定;输入信号变化过快导致输出信号无法跟踪时称为失锁。通过PLL可以方便实现N倍频。
为进一步提高精度,可以采用二阶锁相环PLL2以及2阶锁频辅助3阶锁相环等方式。
具体的,PLL2和FLL2+PLL3中的时域和频域的公式如下:
2阶PLL环路滤波器时域核心公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000043
其中x n表示输入信号,y n表示输出信号,u n表示输出信号,a 2为环路参数,T表示调整周期,ω 0表示环路特征值;
变换到Z域可以得到
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000044
U表示鉴相输入,z表示Z变换;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000045
则有
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000046
利用Z变换变换到时域,可以得到输出信号
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000047
2阶锁频环辅助3阶锁相环环路滤波器核心公式如下:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000048
其中,v n表示一级滤波器锁相输入信号,ω f表示鉴相特征值,ω p表示鉴频特征值,f n表示频率;
转换到Z域可以得到
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000049
本发明实施例中,载波环路的调整和载波相位观测数据的生成机制和普通接收机不同;在获取载波相位观测数据时,根据失锁捕获以及跟踪精度,确定跟踪环路,以提高载波相位数据的精度。
在具体实施过程中,观测数据的质量和环路状态、环路精度评估机制和bit反转与否都相关,因此,在输出载波相位观测数据之前,还可以包括环路状态、环路精度评估和bit反转等参数的判断,以提高观测数据精度。
如图3所示,本发明实施例提供一种获取载波相位观测数据的方法,包括:
步骤301:接收导航卫星的直发信号,并将接收到的直发信号作为接收机中载波环路的输入信号;
步骤302:判断当前载波环路的锁定指示是否高于跟踪门限;若是,则执行复位,对所述直发信号重新跟踪;若否,则执行步骤303;
步骤303:根据当前环路滤波的需要,确定滤波器类型;若确定当前跟踪状态为初始状态或者当前跟踪精度较低,则执行步骤304;若确定当前跟踪状态为稳定跟踪或者当前跟踪精度较高,可以执行步骤305或步骤306,可以根据跟踪精度确定选择的环路;
步骤304:将输入信号依次输入至鉴频器,和FLL环路滤波器,获得输出信号;
步骤305:将输入信号依次输入至鉴相器,和PLL2环路滤波器,获得输出信号;
步骤306:将输入信号依次输入至鉴相器,和FLL2+PLL3环路滤波器,获得输出信号;
步骤307:将环路滤波器的输出信号输入至载波环路的数字控制振荡器NCO,输出载波相位累加值;
步骤308:判断载波环路状态,若确定载波环路状态失锁,则执行步骤302;若确定载波环路状态为稳定跟踪,则执行步骤309;
步骤309:判断Bt帧同步是否有效;若是,则执行步骤310;若否,则执行步骤313
步骤310:判断环路跟踪精度是否满足要求;若是,则执行步骤311;若否,则执行步骤313;
步骤311:判断载波Bit是否需要反转;若否,则执行步骤312;若是则执行步骤313;
步骤312:确定当前时刻的载波相位累加值,并将载波相位累加值作为输出的载波相位观测数据;
步骤313:确定载波相位观测数据无效。
通过上述方法,可以实现一个完整的环路控制和切换机制,以获得满足精度需要的载波相位观测数据。
为了实现非差的精密定位,本发明实施例中,由于卫星和接收机未校准的初始相位延迟,载波相位中所包含的模糊度信息要完成的保留下来,所以整数部分和小数部分的处理必须分开,以保留载波相位观测值任意一部分,提高定轨的精度。
如图4所示,载波相位观测数据计算流程中所有的载波相位计算都是整数部分和小数部分分开,包括:
步骤401、将上一时刻的载波相位累加值、当前时刻的载波相位累加值、中频累加值和本地时钟调整量,输入至载波相位计算单元,确定出载波相位观测数据的整数部分和小数部分;
具体的,确定出载波相位观测数据的整数部分和小数部分为当前时刻载波相位累加值的整数部分和小数部分减去上一时刻的载波相位累加值整数部分和小数部分,再减去数字中频频率*测量时间间隔。
步骤402、对载波相位观测数据进行半周补偿,输出最终的载波相位观测数据。
需要说明的是,在载波相位观测数据计算流程中,同时需要把上一时刻载波相位观测值未调整部分减去,保证载波相位累加值的变化和伪距观测值保持一致。
本发明实施例提供的一种卫星定轨方法,具体处理过程可以包括:
步骤一、地面接收机和LEO星载接收机接收导航卫星播发的导航直发信号,对直发信号进行捕获、跟踪;
步骤二、在每一历元,地面接收机对导航直发信号进行测量,产生伪距、载波相位的第一观测数据;LEO星载接收机对导航直发信号进行测量,产生伪距、载波相位的第二观测数据;
步骤三、利用第一观测数据和第二观测数据建立第一观测方程和第二观测方程;
其中,地面接收机的第一观测方程和星载北斗接收机的第二观测方程可以分别表示:
Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
式中,Y GROUNDi和Y LEOi分别表示地面和星载北斗接收机在t i时刻的观测值;F GB和F LB分别表示地面和星载北斗接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X oi和X Oi分别表示除了X BDi和X LEOi之外的其它待估参数,如钟差、模糊度、大气参数等;ξ GROUNDi和ξ LEOi是相应观测值的观测误差。
其中,若确定存在多种卫星导航系统,则以一种卫星导航系统为基准,对其他卫星导航系统和低轨卫星观测数据进行归一化处理,得到统一时间基准观测方程;
步骤四、对第一观测数据和第二观测数据,进行周跳粗差的预处理。
步骤五、利用第一观测数据,第二观测数据,卫星精密钟差,以及精密轨道模型,进行观测方程的解算,得到导航卫星和leo卫星的精密定位和接收机钟差;
步骤六、通过通信链路接收地基监测网播发的非差综合改正信息,或者,leo卫星播发非差综合改正信息;
步骤七、根据接收非差综合改正信息计算用户概略位置相对每颗导航卫星和低轨卫星的误差改正参数;
步骤八、采用精密单点定位模式进行定位处理,授时和测速结果及载波相位模糊度参数等。
通过本申请提供的一种卫星定轨方法,可在全球获得近实时的精密定位、测速和授时结果。该星载接收机提供的双频观测数据结合GNSS卫星精密轨道和钟差及硬件延迟建模信息以及地面站观测数据可实现快速实时的LEO/GNSS联合PPP定轨。
本发明的技术解决问题涉及到观测数据的处理问题,特别是关于双频载 波相位处理的问题,关于PPP的研究主要基于双频观测数据,已经实现了静态mm-cm、动态cm-dm级的定位精度。
与单频精密单点定位不同的是,双频精密单点定位对双频伪距和相位观测值进行组合来消除电离层一阶项的影响。双频精密单点定位通常组成Melbourne-Wübbena和Geometry-Free组合,采用Turbo-Edit方法进行周跳探测。双频精密单点定位的观测模型及双频载波与伪距的无电离层组合观测方程为:下面通过一个具体实施例对本发明技术方案进行详细说明。
如图5所示,基于非差的PPP定轨的流程示意图,可以包括:
步骤501、对第一观测数据和第二观测数据周跳粗差探测数据预处理。
步骤502、利用第一观测数据和第二观测数据建立第一观测方程和第二观测方程;
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程为:
Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
所述第二观测方程为:
Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
其中,地面接收机接收导航卫星的导航信号产生的第一观测数据包含多星座多频点伪距、载波相位和多普勒观测数据;LEO星载接收机接收导航卫星的导航信号产生的第二观测数据。
第一观测方程可以包括载波相位观测方程和伪距方程;第二观测方程也可以包括载波相位观测方程和伪距方程。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;所述确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程,包括:
根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
在具体实施过程中,可以根据双频的第一观测数据和第二观测数据,构造无电离层组合的第一观测数据和无电离层组合的第二观测数据,消除一阶电离层延迟影响,减少未知参数,具体的,载波相位观测方程和伪距方程的模型为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000050
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000051
其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000052
为无电离层载波相位观测值(以距离表示);p表示卫星,k表示测站;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000053
为无电离层伪距观测值;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000054
为站星几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000055
为模糊度;dt k为接收机钟差,dt p为卫星钟差;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000056
对流层延迟;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000057
为多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000058
相位和伪距观测的噪声。
在具体实施过程中,第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000059
所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000060
所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000061
所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000062
其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000063
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000064
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000065
为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000066
为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000067
为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000068
为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000069
为多路径效应、
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000070
为多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000071
为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000072
为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
其中,对流层延迟通常可以分为干分量和湿分量两部分。干分量可以通过模型进行改正,湿分量作为待估参数进行估计。为了减少待估参数的数量,可以使用映射函数将斜延迟投影到天顶方向,只估计一个天顶湿延迟。
利用相对论效应、地球自转、天线相位中心等模型对观测方程进行改正,消去部分参数,同时忽略残留的卫星轨道和钟差误差。
根据导航卫星和低轨卫星的运动方程和变分方程积分,就可以分别得到它们的初始参考轨道和状态转移矩阵;
根据卫星精密定轨问题的一般性描述可知,对导航卫星和低轨卫星的运动方程和变分方程积分,就可以分别得到它们的初始参考轨道和状态转移矩阵
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000073
φ LEO(t i,t 0),其中状态转移矩阵应满足方程:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000074
式中,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000075
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000076
分别表示北斗卫星和低轨卫星在时刻t i的状态改正数向量,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000077
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000078
分别表示它们在初始时刻t 0(参考历元)的状态改正数向量。上式用于将在其它时刻的状态改正数映射到初始时刻,以便参与最后的最优参数估计。
根据初始参考轨道,对观测方程进行线性化。
具体的,在初始参考轨道的接收机近似位置进行泰勒展开,舍弃二阶项, 得到:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000079
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000080
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000081
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000082
其中,(x,y,z)为低轨卫星或导航卫星精密轨道坐标,(xr,0,yr,0,zr,0)为接收机近似位置。
于是观测方程可以简化写为:
V=AΔX+L
其中V为观测残差,A为系数矩阵,ΔX为包括接收机坐标改正、接收机钟差、对流层天顶湿延迟、载波相位模糊度在内的未知向量,L为计算向量。
步骤503、结合参数最优估计方法对线性化的观测方程进行解算,获得导航卫星和低轨卫星的精密定轨位置。
具体的,在进行参数估计和模糊度固定处理的具体实施过程中,可以采用最小二乘法或Kalman滤波进行综合PPP处理。
星地联合定轨中存在观测数据量大、估计参数多的问题,所以在数据处理中需要使用实时预消除参数的方法消除法方程中失效的参数(包括历元参数、时段参数),使之有效地减小法方程的大小,加快法方程处理的时间。而且,如果在进行消参数的同时也把消除的参数与其它参数的联系方程保存起来,则可以在求解法方程后通过回代的方式恢复这些参数。
对于频繁的历元参数的消除,本项目将采取极为有效的索引策略来加快法方程的更新,极大地缩短了消参数的时间消耗;对于模糊度参数,本专利将定义好模糊度的有效时间段,在该模糊度参数刚消失时即将其从法方程中消去。从总体上优化软件的数据结构,减少函数间大型数组的传递和继承的时间,提高软件的运行效率。
下面将通过数学描述来说明参数预消除与恢复的基本流程。
设有误差方程:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000083
将参数向量
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000084
分解成
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000085
则其法方程和相应的二次型为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000086
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000087
现假设
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000088
为当前历元中“失效”的参数向量,为减少法方程的维数,需对
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000089
实行预消除。
对公式中的第二式两端同时乘以
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000090
得:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000091
再两式相加,得:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000092
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000093
则消除参数向量
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000094
后的法方程为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000095
法方程的解为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000096
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000097
则可以恢复预消除参数向量
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000098
的解:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000099
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000100
结合有:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000101
由此可见,在消除参数向量
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000102
后,相应的二次型
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000103
需在原有的二次型上加改正
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000104
在Kalman滤波中,需要提供合适的观测值随机模型以及状态向量动态模型。随机模型描述的是观测值的统计特性,通常用观测值的方差协方差阵表示。从观测方程可知,消电离层组合观测值是原始观测值的线性组合,假设不同频率上的观测值不相关,消电离层组合观测值的初始方差可以通过误差传播定律计算得到。具体的方差可以定义为初始方差和卫星高度角的函数。 假设不同卫星、不同系统的观测值不相关,以及不同类型的观测值,即伪距和相位观测值不相关,就可以得到观测值的方差协方差阵。
针对状态向量的动态模型,静态接收机坐标可以表示为常数,动态接收机坐标和接收机钟差可以表示为随机游走或者一阶高斯马尔科夫过程,对流层天顶湿延迟可以表示为随机游走过程,载波相位模糊度参数可以表示为常数,于是得到状态方程。
X k=Φ(t k,t k-1)X k-1+w k-1
式中,X为待估计的接收机坐标改正、接收机钟差等参数,Φ为状态转移矩阵,w k-1为状态转移噪声。综合观测方程和状态方程,可应用标准Kalman滤波过程进行参数估计。这里由于未进行卫星相位小数偏差改正,所以仅获得载波相位模糊度浮点解结果。若进一步利用低轨卫星增强信息中包含的卫星相位小数偏差改正进行观测方程改正,则可恢复模糊度的整数特性,实现模糊度固定,得到载波相位模糊度固定解结果,进一步缩短初始化时间,提高定位、测速和授时精度。
由于增加低轨卫星的观测数据,低轨卫星的快速移动特性极大提升了解算效率,从而使PPP收敛时间大幅降低。
步骤504、利用低轨卫星播发的导航卫星增强信息和模型进行误差改正。
基于相同的发明构思,本发明实施例提供一种卫星定轨装置,如图6所示,该方法包括:
收发单元601,用于获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
处理单元602,用于确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
一种可能的实现方式,所述处理单元602,用于若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的 滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程为:
Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
所述第二观测方程为:
Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
所述处理单元602,具体用于根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000105
所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000106
所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000107
所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000108
其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000109
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000110
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000111
为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000112
为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000113
为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000114
为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000115
为多路径效应、
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000116
为多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000117
为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000118
为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
基于相同的发明构思,本申请提供一种电子设备,包括至少一个处理器;以及,与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行,以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行上述实施例中的卫星定轨方法。
以一个处理器为例,图7为本申请提供的一种电子设备的结构示意图。如图7所示,该电子设备包括处理器701、存储器702和收发机703;其中,处理器701、存储器702和收发机703通过总线704相互连接。
其中,存储器702用于存储程序。具体地,程序可以包括程序代码,程序代码包括计算机操作指令。存储器702可以为易失性存储器(volatile memory),例如随机存取存储器(random-access memory,简称RAM);也可以为非易失性存储器(non-volatile memory),例如快闪存储器(flash memory),硬盘(hard disk drive,简称HDD)或固态硬盘(solid-state drive,简称SSD);还可以为上述任一种或任多种易失性存储器和非易失性存储器的组合。
存储器702存储了如下的元素,可执行模块或者数据结构,或者它们的子集,或者它们的扩展集:
操作指令:包括各种操作指令,用于实现各种操作。
操作系统:包括各种系统程序,用于实现各种基础业务以及处理基于硬件的任务。
总线704可以是外设部件互连标准(peripheral component interconnect,简称PCI)总线或扩展工业标准结构(extended industry standard architecture,简称EISA)总线等。总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示,图7中仅用一条粗线表示,但并不表示仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。
收发机703可以为通过通信接口进行通信,通信接口可以有线通信接入口,无线通信接口或其组合,其中,有线通信接口例如可以为以太网接口。以太网接口可以是光接口,电接口或其组合。无线通信接口可以为WLAN接口。
处理器701可以是中央处理器(central processing unit,简称CPU),网络处理器(network processor,简称NP)或者CPU和NP的组合。还可以是硬件芯片。上述硬件芯片可以是专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit,简称ASIC),可编程逻辑器件(programmable logic device,简称PLD)或其组合。上述PLD可以是复杂可编程逻辑器件(complex programmable logic device,简称CPLD),现场可编程逻辑门阵列(field-programmable gate array,简称FPGA),通用阵列逻辑(generic array logic,简称GAL)或其任意组合。一种可能的设计中,存储器702也可以和处理器701集成在一起。
所述存储器702,用于存储一个或多个可执行程序,可以存储所述处理器701在执行操作时所使用的数据。
收发机703,用于获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
所述处理器701,用于:确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道 位置。
一种可能的实现方式,所述处理器701,用于:
若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
一种可能的实现方式,
所述第一观测方程为:
Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
所述第二观测方程为:
Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
所述处理器701,具体用于根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
一种可能的实现方式,所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000119
所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000120
所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000121
所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000122
其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000123
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000124
为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000125
为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000126
为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000127
为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000128
为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000129
为多路径效应、
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000130
为多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000131
为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-000132
为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
上述产品可执行本申请实施例所提供的方法,具备执行方法相应的功能模块和有益效果。未在本实施例中详尽描述的技术细节,可参见本申请实施例所提供的方法。
本申请实施例提供了一种计算机程序产品,其中,所述计算机程序产品包括存储在非暂态计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序,所述计算机程序包括程序指令,其中,当所述程序指令被计算机执行时,使所述计算机执行本申请上述方法实施例中任一项数据库同步延迟的确定方法。
本领域内的技术人员应明白,本发明的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此,本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且,本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘 存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器,使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中,使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品,该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上,使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理,从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例,但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念,则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以,所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种卫星定轨方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:
    获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
    确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;
    根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的卫星定轨方法,其特征在于,所述第二观测数据包括载波相位观测数据;所述第二观测数据通过以下方式获得,包括:
    低轨卫星接收机若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;
    将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的卫星定轨方法,其特征在于,
    所述第一观测方程为:
    Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
    其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
    所述第二观测方程为:
    Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
    其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的卫星定轨方法,其特征在于,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
    所述确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程,包括:
    根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
  5. 如权利要求3所述的卫星定轨方法,其特征在于,
    所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
    所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100001
    所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100002
    所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100003
    所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100004
    其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100005
    为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100006
    为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100007
    为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100008
    为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100009
    为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100010
    为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100011
    为多路径效应、
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100012
    为多路径效应;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100013
    为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100014
    为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应;c为真空中的光速。
  6. 一种卫星定轨装置,其特征在于,该方法包括:
    收发单元,用于获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
    处理单元,用于确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的卫星定轨装置,其特征在于,所述处理单元,用于若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的卫星定轨装置,其特征在于,
    所述第一观测方程为:
    Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
    其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
    所述第二观测方程为:
    Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
    其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的所述的卫星定轨装置,其特征在于,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
    所述处理单元,具体用于根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和 所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
  10. 如权利要求8所述的所述的卫星定轨装置,其特征在于,所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
    所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100015
    所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100016
    所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100017
    所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100018
    其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100019
    为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100020
    为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100021
    为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100022
    为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100023
    为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100024
    为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100025
    为多路径效应、
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100026
    为多路径效应;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100027
    为地面与导航卫星的多路径效应;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100028
    为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
  11. 一种计算机存储介质,存储有计算机可执行指令,其特征在于,所述计算机可执行指令用于执行如权利要求1至5任一权利要求所述的方法。
  12. 一种电子设备,其特征在于,包括:
    至少一个处理器;与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;以及与所述指示一个处理器通信连接的收发机;其中,
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个收发机执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个收发机执行:
    获取地面接收机确定的导航卫星的第一观测数据和低轨卫星接收机确定的所述导航卫星的第二观测数据;
    所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令,所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行:
    确定所述地面接收机的第一观测方程和所述低轨卫星接收机的第二观测方程;根据所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据,解算所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程,从而确定所述导航卫星的轨道位置。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的电子设备,其特征在于,所述处理器,具体用于:
    若确定所述低轨卫星接收机的载波跟踪环路的跟踪状态为锁定状态,则根据测量精度确定所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合;将获得的导航卫星的信号输入至所述载波跟踪环路的滤波器组合,并将输出的载波相位数据作为所述第二观测数据中的载波相位观测数据。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的电子设备,其特征在于,
    所述第一观测方程为:
    Y GROUNDi=F GB(X BDi,X oi,t i)+ξ BDi
    其中,Y GROUNDi为在t i时刻的第一观测数据;F GB表示地面接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X oi表示第一观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ GROUNDi为所述第一观测数据的观测误差;
    所述第二观测方程为:
    Y LEOi=F LB(X BDi,X LEOi,X Oi,t i)+ξ LEOi
    其中,Y LEOi为在t i时刻的第二观测数据;F LB为低轨卫星接收机在t i时刻的观测函数;X BDi为导航卫星的轨道位置;X LEOi为低轨卫星的轨道位置;X Oi为第二观测方程中的观测模型的参数;ξ LEOi为所述第二观测数据的观测误差。
  15. 如权利要求14所述的所述的电子设备,其特征在于,所述第一观测数据和所述第二观测数据均为双频观测数据;
    所述处理器,具体用于根据双频观测数据,消除所述第一观测方程和所述第二观测方程中的电离层延迟误差,得到消除后的第一观测方程和第二观测方程。
  16. 如权利要求14所述的所述的电子设备,其特征在于,所述第一观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;所述第二观测方程中的观测函数包括伪距观测函数和载波相位观测函数;
    所述第一观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100029
    所述第二观测方程的伪距观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100030
    所述第一观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100031
    所述第二观测方程的载波相位观测函数为:
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100032
    其中:λ lc为无电离层组合相位波长,p表示导航卫星;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100033
    为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100034
    为导航卫星与地面接收机的几何距离;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100035
    为第一观测方程中的整周模糊度和
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100036
    为第二观测方程中的整周模糊度;dt BD,i为地面接收机钟差,dt LEO,i为低轨卫星接收机钟差;dt i p为卫星钟差;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100037
    为地面与导航卫星间的对流层延迟,
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100038
    为为低轨卫星接收机与导航卫星间的对流层延迟;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100039
    为多路径效应、
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100040
    为多路径效应;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100041
    为地面与导航卫星 的多路径效应;
    Figure PCTCN2019077709-appb-100042
    为低轨卫星与导航卫星的多路径效应。
  17. 一种计算机程序产品,其特征在于,所述计算机程序产品包括存储在计算机可读存储介质上的计算程序,所述计算机程序包括程序指令,当所述程序指令被计算机执行时,使所述计算机执行权利要求1~5任一权利要求所述方法。
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