WO2020133710A1 - 组合式油环及活塞式发动机 - Google Patents

组合式油环及活塞式发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133710A1
WO2020133710A1 PCT/CN2019/077614 CN2019077614W WO2020133710A1 WO 2020133710 A1 WO2020133710 A1 WO 2020133710A1 CN 2019077614 W CN2019077614 W CN 2019077614W WO 2020133710 A1 WO2020133710 A1 WO 2020133710A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
ring
coil spring
groove
annular
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PCT/CN2019/077614
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周月亭
殷从伟
李开顺
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仪征亚新科双环活塞环有限公司
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Publication of WO2020133710A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133710A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F5/00—Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of piston rings, for example, to a combined oil ring and a piston engine using the same.
  • a piston engine also known as a reciprocating engine, is an engine that uses fuel combustion to generate pressure and converts the pressure into rotational kinetic energy through one or more pistons.
  • Piston engines in the related art generally use gasoline or diesel as fuel.
  • the piston is an important part of the piston engine.
  • the piston is provided with a compression ring and an oil ring.
  • the compression ring is used to seal the combustible gas mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the oil ring is used to scrape off excess oil from the cylinder.
  • the oil rings in the related art include three types of one-piece oil rings, two-piece oil rings and three-piece oil rings.
  • the one-piece oil ring includes an integrated ring body. Because the one-piece oil ring does not have a spring, the spring force is low, and the oil consumption control ability is poor; and between the upper end surface of the ring body and the upper end surface of the piston oil ring groove and the ring There is a gap between the lower end surface of the body and the lower end surface of the oil ring groove of the piston. When the piston goes up, there is a gap between the upper end surface of the ring body and the upper end surface of the ring groove.
  • the two-piece oil ring is equipped with a spring on the inner ring surface of the ring body.
  • the upper end surface of the ring body and the oil ring groove of the piston There is a gap between the upper end surface of the ring body and the lower end surface of the ring body and the lower end surface of the oil ring groove of the piston.
  • the piston When the piston is up, there is a gap between the upper end surface of the ring body and the upper end surface of the ring groove.
  • the piston When the piston is down, the ring body There is a gap between the lower end surface and the lower end surface of the ring groove.
  • the oil ring oscillates up and down in the oil ring groove, and it has not improved between the upper end surface of the ring body and the upper end surface of the oil ring groove and the lower end surface of the ring body and the lower part of the oil ring groove There is still a gap between the seals between the end faces, and the "pump oil” phenomenon will still occur during use. At the same time, the opening will also produce a "blowing oil” phenomenon, which increases the oil consumption.
  • the related technology proposes a three-piece oil ring.
  • the three-piece oil ring includes a liner ring and two circular scrapers Ring, two scraper rings are respectively arranged on the upper and lower end faces of the backing ring, the cross section of the two scraper rings is nearly rectangular in shape, the upper and lower end faces of the backing ring are respectively provided with bosses, the boss and the backing ring There is a certain angle in the direction of the axis, and the inner circle of the blade ring is in contact with the boss.
  • the lining ring generates radial and axial elastic forces under compression, so that the outer surface of the wiper ring forms a seal with the inner wall of the cylinder body, and the end surface of the wiper ring forms a seal with the upper and lower end surfaces of the oil ring groove.
  • the spring coefficient of the backing ring is much larger than the spring coefficient of the coil spring, which is generally 2-5 times.
  • the seal between the wiper ring and the upper and lower end surfaces of the oil ring groove forms a "pump oil” phenomenon
  • the two wiper blade openings are staggered, and the staggered angle is generally required to be greater than 30°, eliminating "channeling" “Oil” phenomenon.
  • the position where the boss contacts the inner circle of the blade ring is located on the outer side, especially on the upper side, the impurities generated during the work can easily enter the above position and accumulate, which occurs in the boss of the blade ring and the liner ring When sliding, the amount of wear increases.
  • the three-ring oil ring has a problem of high loss of elasticity during work, resulting in the engine oil consumption rate gradually increasing with the running time of the engine and insufficient durability, which ultimately affects the effective Service life.
  • the present disclosure provides a combined oil ring.
  • the combined oil ring is less prone to oil pumping and has a long effective service life.
  • the present disclosure also provides a piston engine which has a low oil consumption rate and a long effective service life.
  • a combined oil ring includes an annular coil spring, a first oil scraping ring and a second oil scraping ring, wherein the first oil scraping ring and the second oil scraping ring are arranged up and down, and the first An inner ring surface of an oil scraper ring and an inner ring surface of the second oil scraper ring together form an annular receiving groove, and the coil spring is disposed in the receiving groove and abuts against the groove wall of the receiving groove Pick up.
  • a piston engine includes a piston and the above-mentioned combined oil ring, wherein the piston is circumferentially provided with an oil ring groove, the combined oil ring is provided in the oil ring groove, and the first oil scraper The ring is arranged to abut with the upper end surface of the oil ring groove under the elastic force of the coil spring, and the second oil scraper ring is arranged to contact the oil ring under the elastic force of the coil spring The lower end surface of the groove abuts.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a combined oil ring provided in an embodiment when in use;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a combined oil ring provided by an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of a combined oil ring provided by an embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged schematic view at B in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at C-C in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the cross section in FIG. 6;
  • FIG 8 is a schematic structural view of the combined oil ring provided by an embodiment when the first opening and the second opening are shifted by 180° in the circumferential direction of the coil spring.
  • annular body 21.
  • Annular body 21.
  • Annular body 211-inner annular surface; 2111-vertical surface; 2112-recessed surface; 212-outer annular surface; 213-outer end surface; 214-inner end surface; 22.
  • Second oil scraper ring 301, second opening; 302, second oil return hole;
  • the piston engine includes a cylinder and a piston 4 disposed in the cylinder.
  • the piston 4 is provided with oil
  • the ring groove 41, the combined oil ring is sleeved in the oil ring groove 41, the upper end surface of the combined oil ring can be in contact with the upper end surface of the oil ring groove 41, and the lower end surface of the combined oil ring can be in contact with the oil ring groove 41
  • the lower end surface of the is in contact, and the outer periphery of the combined oil ring is in contact with the cylinder wall 5 of the cylinder block.
  • the combined oil ring includes a coil spring 1, a first oil scraper ring 2 and a second oil scraper ring 3, the coil spring 1, the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 are all ring.
  • the first oil scraper ring 2 is located at the upper part of the entire combined oil ring
  • the second oil scraper ring 3 is located at the lower part of the entire combined oil ring
  • the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 are separately arranged up and down .
  • There is a certain gap between the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 the gap can realize the return of the combined oil ring, so that the engine oil can smoothly enter and exit the combined oil ring.
  • the coil spring 1 is located inside the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 to provide elastic force.
  • the helical spring 1 is a helical spring formed by a spring wire surrounding a circle.
  • the helical spring 1 has a small elasticity coefficient and good flexibility.
  • the material of the coil spring 1 is not limited, and for example, it may be made of steel wire or alloy wire with memory function.
  • the inner side of the first oil scraper ring 2 and the inner side of the second oil scraper ring 3 together form an accommodating groove with an opening toward the inside of the combined oil ring, and the coil spring 1 is provided to accommodate In the groove, the outer peripheral surface of the coil spring 1 can be in contact with the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 at the same time, thereby providing an oblique upward pressing force for the first oil scraper ring 2 to provide the second oil scraper
  • the ring 3 provides an oblique downward pressure.
  • the oblique upward force can be decomposed into an outward horizontal component and an upward vertical component, and the upward vertical component can drive the first oil scraper ring 2 to move upward.
  • the obliquely downward force can be decomposed into an outward horizontal component and a downward vertical component.
  • the downward vertical component can drive the second oil scraper ring 3 to move downward, so that the first oil scraper ring 2 And the second oil scraper ring 3 are stretched up and down, so that the first oil scraper ring 2 can contact the upper end surface of the oil ring groove 41 of the piston 4, eliminating the oil ring on the first oil scraper ring 2 and the piston 4
  • the gap between the upper end surface of the groove 41, the second oil scraper ring 3 can be in contact with the lower end surface of the oil ring groove 41, eliminating the second oil scraper ring 3 and the lower end surface of the oil ring groove 41 on the piston 4 Clearance, which can not only improve the sealing of the combined oil ring and the oil ring groove 41, avoid the pumping phenomenon of one-piece oil ring and two-piece oil ring, and reduce the oil consumption rate; the combined oil ring of this solution Because the coil spring 1 is used instead of the lining ring in
  • the effective service life here refers to the service life that the combined oil ring can use under the premise of low oil consumption.
  • outward horizontal component force described above can drive the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 to contact the cylinder wall 5 of the cylinder block.
  • the oil consumption of the combined oil ring provided in this embodiment can be reduced by more than 30%, compared with the three in the related art.
  • the chip oil ring can increase the effective service life under low oil consumption by more than 50%.
  • both the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 include an annular body 21.
  • the ring-shaped body 21 includes oppositely disposed outer end surfaces 213 and inner end surfaces 214, and an outer ring surface 212 and an inner ring surface 211 connected between the outer end surface 213 and the inner end surface 214, wherein the outer end surface 213 and the inner end surface Both 214 are flat surfaces, and the outer end surface 213 and the inner end surface 214 are arranged in parallel, the outer ring surface 212 is a cylindrical surface, and the outer end surface 213 and the inner end surface 214 are both perpendicular to the outer ring surface 212.
  • the inner annular surface 211 includes a vertical surface 2111 and a concave surface 2112 connected to each other, the vertical surface 2111 is connected to the outer end surface 213, the concave surface 2112 is connected to the inner end surface 214, the outer end surface 213 and The inner end surfaces 214 are all perpendicular to the vertical surface 2111.
  • the concave surfaces 2112 of the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 are arranged symmetrically up and down to form the above-mentioned accommodating groove, and the cross-section of the accommodating groove formed by the two concave surfaces 2112 is substantially triangular or trapezoidal.
  • the concave surface 2112 may be an inclined surface or an arc-shaped surface.
  • the concave surface 2112 is preferably an arc surface, and the arc surface is curved toward the inside of the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3.
  • the concave surface 2112 is gradually concave toward the outer annular surface 212 along the direction from the outer end surface 213 to the inner end surface 214, and the projection width of the concave surface 2112 on the outer annular surface 212 is greater than the projection of the vertical surface 2111 on the outer annular surface 212 width.
  • the coil spring 1 In this embodiment, in order to further ensure better sealing between the first oil scraper ring 2 and the upper end surface of the oil ring groove 41 and between the second oil scraper ring 3 and the lower end surface of the oil ring groove 41, the coil spring 1
  • the distance A along the radial direction of the coil spring 1 between the outer circular surface of the outer circumferential surface and the groove bottom of the receiving groove is greater than or equal to 0.10 mm; for example, A is 0.10 mm, 0.12 mm, etc.
  • the center of the coil spring 1 is located outside the receiving groove, and the distance B between the center of the coil spring 1 and the vertical surface 2111 in the radial direction of the coil spring 1 is less than or equal to (1/3)*r, Where r is the radius of the coil spring 1, unit: mm. This can ensure that the coil spring 1 does not fall out from the accommodating groove formed by the concave surface 2112 of the first oil scraper ring 2 and the concave surface 2112 of the second oil scraper ring 3 in the assembled and working state, ensuring structural stability and reliability.
  • the axial height of the annular body 21 of the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 is not less than 0.75mm, if possible choose 0.75mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm and above, it is not easy to deform during the assembly process, which is convenient for assembly.
  • the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 further include an annular oil scraper portion 22, and the annular oil scraper portion 22 protrudes on the outer ring surface 212.
  • An end of the annular oil scraping portion 22 away from the annular body 21 is provided with an oil scraping surface 221, which contacts the cylinder wall 5 during the up and down movement to scrape oil.
  • the width of the oil scraping surface 221 is designed as 0.03mm-0.4mm. In an embodiment, the width of the oil scraping surface 221 is in the range of 0.05mm-0.15mm.
  • the oil scraping side of the annular oil scraping portion 22 between the oil scraping surface 221 and the outer ring surface 212 is two up and down, which are the first oil scraping side 222 and the second oil scraping side 223, respectively.
  • the oil scraping side surfaces may be inclined surfaces.
  • the two oil scraping side surfaces may also be vertical surfaces, so that the vertical surface is vertically connected to the oil scraping surface 221 and the outer ring surface 212, or the two oil scraping side surfaces are A curved surface, the curved surface protruding outward of the annular oil scraping portion 22.
  • the annular oil scraping portion 22 is provided in a trapezoidal shape, and the large-sized end of the trapezoidal structure is connected to the outer ring surface 212 of the annular body 21, and the small-sized end of the trapezoidal structure Used to perform oil scraping operations.
  • the annular oil scraping portion 22 of the first oil scraping ring 2 and the annular oil scraping portion 22 of the second oil scraping ring 3 may be arranged symmetrically up and down (refer to FIG. 6 ), or may be arranged in sequence up and down ( (Not shown).
  • the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 are provided as an open-loop structure, and the first oil scraper ring 2 is provided with a An opening 201, a second opening 301 is provided on the second oil scraper ring 3, due to the arrangement of the first opening 201 and the second opening 301, the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second oil scraper ring 3 have a certain elasticity .
  • the combined oil ring is mounted on the oil ring groove 41 on the piston 4, it is generally assembled from bottom to top.
  • the coil spring 1 is first expanded and placed in the oil ring groove 41, and then the lower second oil scraper ring 3 is removed from the second opening 301 to free the two free oil scraper rings 3
  • the end is stretched and caught in the lower part of the coil spring 1, and the coil spring 1 and the concave surface 2112 of the second oil scraper ring 3 abut, and then the upper first oil scraper ring 2 is moved from the first opening 201
  • Two free ends of an oil scraper ring 2 are stretched out and caught on the upper part of the coil spring 1, and the coil spring 1 and the concave surface 2112 of the first oil scraper ring 2 are brought into contact, or the first oil scraper ring 2 and the second
  • the two oil scraper ring 3 and the coil spring 1 are combined, they are installed into the oil ring groove 41 together to complete the assembly of the combined oil ring on the piston 4.
  • the assembly is very convenient.
  • the specific assembly method is determined according to the actual use needs, here No limitation.
  • the first opening 201 and the second The two openings 301 are on a straight line.
  • the first opening 201 and the second opening 301 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the coil spring 1 (refer to FIG. 8), and the first opening 201 and the second opening 301
  • the angle in the circumferential direction of the coil spring 1 is set to 180 degrees.
  • the first oil return ring 2 is provided with a first oil return hole 202, and the An oil return hole 202 communicates with the containing groove, so that the engine oil can enter and exit the combined oil ring from the oil passage formed by the first oil return hole 202 and the containing groove.
  • a second oil return hole 302 may also be provided on the second oil scraper ring 3 to connect the second oil return hole 302 with the accommodating groove to form an oil passage aisle.
  • the combined oil ring is provided with a first oil return hole 202 and a second oil return hole 302, both of the first oil return hole 202 and the second oil return hole 302 are U
  • the groove, the first oil return hole 202 and the second oil return hole 302 may be arranged in a misaligned manner, or may be arranged relatively.
  • a plurality of first oil return holes 202 are provided in the circumferential direction of the first oil scraper ring 2 and are provided in the circumferential direction of the second oil scraper ring 3
  • the combined oil ring of this embodiment is different from the one-piece, two-piece and three-piece oil rings in the related art. It adopts a coil spring with a low elasticity coefficient. Under the elastic force of the coil spring 1, the first oil scraper ring The outer end surface 213 of 2 is in contact with the upper end surface of the oil ring groove 41, and the outer end surface 213 of the second oil scraper ring 3 is in contact with the lower end surface of the oil ring groove 41, thereby improving the combined oil ring and oil ring groove 41 The tightness avoids the phenomenon of "pump oil” and reduces the oil consumption rate.
  • the combined oil ring adopts the coil spring 1, and the spring coefficient of the coil spring is small; in addition, due to the combination of the coil spring 1, the first oil scraping ring 2 and the second oil scraping ring 3, the structure is stable, so it will not happen. Large relative sliding, the amount of wear of the coil spring and the contact surface of the containing groove is small. Therefore, the combined oil ring has a low elasticity disappearance rate, stable elasticity, and a long effective service life, thereby reducing the maintenance cost of the piston engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sealing Devices (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

一种组合式油环，包括呈环状的螺旋弹簧（1）、第一刮油环（2）和第二刮油环（3），其中，所述第一刮油环（2）和所述第二刮油环（3）上下设置，所述第一刮油环（2）的内环面和所述第二刮油环（3）的内环面共同形成一环形的容纳槽，所述螺旋弹簧（1）设置在所述容纳槽内，并与所述容纳槽的槽壁抵接。

Description

组合式油环及活塞式发动机
本申请要求申请日为2018年12月26日、申请号为201811604269.5的中国专利申请的优先权，该申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及活塞环技术领域，例如涉及一种组合式油环及使用该组合式油环的活塞式发动机。
背景技术
活塞式发动机，又称往复式发动机，活塞式发动机利用燃料燃烧产生压力，并通过一个或者多个活塞将压力转化成旋转动能的发动机。相关技术中的活塞式发动机一般利用汽油或者柴油作为燃料。活塞是活塞式发动机的重要部件，活塞上设置有压缩环和油环，压缩环用来密封燃烧室内的可燃混合气体，油环用来刮除缸体上多余的机油。
相关技术中的油环包括一片式油环、两片式油环和三片式油环三类。其中，一片式油环包括一体式的环体，由于一片式油环没有弹簧，因而弹力低，机油耗控制能力差；且环体的上端面和活塞的油环槽的上端面之间及环体的下端面与活塞的油环槽的下端面之间均存在间隙，活塞上行时，环体上端面与环槽上端面之间存在间隙，活塞下行时，环体下端面与环槽下端面之间存在间隙。在发动机运行过程中，油环在油环槽中不停地上下窜动，从而产生“泵油”现象，同时，开口会产生“窜油”现象，增大了机油消耗量。相对于一片式油环而言，两片式油环在环体的内环面安装有弹簧，虽然两片式油环的弹力有所提高，但是，环体的上端面和活塞的油环槽的上端面之间及环体的下端面与活塞的油环槽的下端面之间均存在间隙，活塞上行时，环体上端面与环槽上端面之间存在间隙，活塞下行时，环体下端面与环槽下端面之间存在间隙。在发动机运行过程中，油环在油环槽中不停地上下窜动，并未能改善环体的上端面与油环槽的上端面之间及环体的下端面与油环槽的下端面之间的密封配合问题，仍然存在间隙，使用时还是会发生“泵油”现象，同时，开口也会产生“窜油”现象，增大了机油消耗量。为改善一片式和两片式油环的“泵油”及“窜油”现象，相关技术提出了三片式油环，该三片式油环包括衬环和两个圆环形的刮片环， 两个刮片环分别设置于衬环的上下两个端面，两个刮片环的截面呈接近矩形的形状，衬环的上下两个端面上分别设置有凸台，凸台与衬环的轴线方向有一定角度，刮片环内圆与凸台接触。衬环在压缩状态下，产生径向和轴向弹力，使刮片环的外圆面与缸体内壁形成密封，以及刮片环的端面与油环槽上下端面形成密封。衬环的弹力系数远大于螺旋弹簧的弹力系数，一般为2-5倍。虽然刮片环与油环槽的上端面和下端面之间形成了密封，消除了“泵油”现象，同时，二个刮片开口错开设置，错开角度一般要求大于30°，消除了“窜油”现象。然而，由于凸台和刮片环内圆接触的位置位于外侧，尤其是位于上侧的位置，在工作中产生的杂质很容易进入上述位置并堆积，在刮片环和衬环的凸台发生滑动时，导致磨损量增加。同时，由于衬环的弹力系数很大，因此三环式油环在工作过程中存在弹力消失率高的问题，导致发动机的机油消耗率随着发动机运行时间逐渐增长，耐久性不足，最终影响有效使用寿命。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种组合式油环，该组合式油环不易发生泵油现象，且有效使用寿命长。
本公开还提供了一种活塞式发动机，该活塞式发动机机油消耗率低，有效使用寿命长。
一种组合式油环，包括呈环状的螺旋弹簧、第一刮油环和第二刮油环，其中，所述第一刮油环和所述第二刮油环上下设置，所述第一刮油环的内环面和所述第二刮油环的内环面共同形成一环形的容纳槽，所述螺旋弹簧设置在所述容纳槽内，并与所述容纳槽的槽壁抵接。
一种活塞式发动机，包括活塞，及上述组合式油环，其中，所述活塞周向设置有油环槽，所述组合式油环设置在所述油环槽内，所述第一刮油环设置为在所述螺旋弹簧的弹力作用下，与所述油环槽的上端面抵接，及所述第二刮油环设置为在所述螺旋弹簧的弹力作用下，与所述油环槽的下端面抵接。
附图说明
图1是一实施例所提供的组合式油环在使用状态时的结构示意图；
图2是一实施例所提供的组合式油环的结构示意图；
图3是图2中A处的局部放大示意图；
图4是一实施例所提供的组合式油环的主视图；
图5是图4中B处的局部放大示意图；
图6是图4中C-C处的剖面结构示意图；
图7是图6中截面处的图形示意图；
图8是一实施例所提供的组合式油环当第一开口和第二开口在螺旋弹簧的周向上错开180°时的结构示意图。
图中：
1、螺旋弹簧；
2、第一刮油环；201、第一开口；202、第一回油孔；
21、环形本体；211-内环面；2111-竖直面；2112-凹陷面；212-外环面；213-外端面；214-内端面；22、环形刮油部；221-刮油面；222-第一刮油侧面；223-第二刮油侧面；
3、第二刮油环；301、第二开口；302、第二回油孔；
4、活塞；41、油环槽；
5、缸壁。
具体实施方式
本实施例提供了一种组合式油环，该组合式油环能够适用于活塞式发动机，参照图1，活塞式发动机包括缸体及设置在缸体内的活塞4，活塞4上设置有油环槽41，组合式油环则套设于油环槽41中，该组合式油环的上端面能够与油环槽41的上端面接触，组合式油环的下端面能够与油环槽41的下端面接触，组合式油环的外周与缸体的缸壁5接触。
参照图1和图2，该组合式油环包括螺旋弹簧1、第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3，螺旋弹簧1、第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3均呈环状。其中，第一刮油环2位于整个组合式油环的上部，第二刮油环3位于整个组合式油环的下部，第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3上下独立分体设置。在第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3之间具有一定间隙，该间隙能够实现组合式油环的回油，使机油能够顺利进出组合式油环的内外。
继续参照图2，螺旋弹簧1位于第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3的内侧，从而提供弹力。该螺旋弹簧1为由弹簧丝沿一个圆形环绕形成的螺旋状弹簧，该螺旋弹簧1的弹力系数小，柔性性能好。在本实施例中，对螺旋弹簧1的制作材料不做 限定，例如可以采用钢丝或者具有记忆功能的合金丝等材料制成。
在一实施例中，参照图2和图6，第一刮油环2的内侧和第二刮油环3的内侧共同形成一个开口朝向组合式油环内部的容纳槽，螺旋弹簧1设置在容纳槽内，使得螺旋弹簧1的外周面能同时与第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3相抵接，进而为第一刮油环2提供一斜向上的抵压力，为第二刮油环3提供一斜向下的抵压力。该斜向上的作用力能够分解为向外的水平分力和向上的竖直分力，向上的竖直分力能够驱动第一刮油环2向上移动。斜向下的作用力能够分解为向外的水平分力和向下的竖直分力，向下的竖直分力能够驱动第二刮油环3向下移动，使得第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3在上下方向被撑开，从而第一刮油环2能够与活塞4的油环槽41的上端面抵接，消除第一刮油环2与活塞4上的油环槽41的上端面之间的间隙，第二刮油环3能够与油环槽41的下端面抵接，消除第二刮油环3与活塞4上的油环槽41的下端面之间的间隙，这不仅能提高组合式油环与油环槽41的密封性，避免了一片式油环和两片式油环出现的泵油现象，降低了机油消耗率；本方案的组合式油环因为采用螺旋弹簧1而不采用相关技术中的衬环作为油环的弹性体，巧妙地利用了螺旋弹簧1的弹力系数低的特性，有利于降低弹力消失率；同时，螺旋弹簧1与第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3的接触位置在组合式油环的内侧，避免了相关技术中的三片式油环出现的杂质颗粒堆积现象，且弹性体与刮油环之间的相对滑动少，接触面的磨损量小，弹力消失率低，刮油性能稳定，有利于提高组合式油环的有效使用寿命。此处有效使用寿命指的是组合式油环在低机油消耗的前提下能够使用的使用寿命。
此外，上述向外的水平分力能够驱动第一刮油环2、第二刮油环3与缸体的缸壁5接触。
本实施例提供的组合式油环，在使用过程中，相较于相关技术中的一片式油环和两片式油环，机油消耗量能够降低30％以上，相较于相关技术中的三片式油环，在低机油消耗下的有效使用寿命可提高50％以上。
在本实施例中，参照图6，第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3均包括环形本体21。参照图7，环形本体21包括相对设置的外端面213和内端面214，及连接于外端面213和内端面214之间的外环面212和内环面211，其中，外端面213和内端面214均为平面，且外端面213和内端面214平行设置，外环面212为圆柱面，且外端面213和内端面214均与外环面212垂直设置。
在一实施例中，参照图7，内环面211包括相互连接的竖直面2111和凹陷面 2112，竖直面2111连接于外端面213，凹陷面2112连接于内端面214，外端面213和内端面214均与竖直面2111垂直设置。第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3的凹陷面2112上下对称设置以形成上述容纳槽，两个凹陷面2112形成的容纳槽的截面大致为三角形或梯形。其中，凹陷面2112可以为斜面，也可以为弧形面，为了保证螺旋弹簧1在装配后使用过程中不脱落，从而进一步提高螺旋弹簧1和第一刮油环2、第二刮油环3的位置稳定性，在本实施例中，凹陷面2112优先采用圆弧面，且该圆弧面朝向第一刮油环2、第二刮油环3的内部弯曲。
在一实施例中，凹陷面2112沿外端面213至内端面214的方向逐渐向外环面212凹陷，凹陷面2112在外环面212的投影宽度大于竖直面2111在外环面212的投影宽度。
在本实施例中，为了进一步保证第一刮油环2与油环槽41的上端面之间及第二刮油环3与油环槽41的下端面之间更好地密封，螺旋弹簧1的外圆面与容纳槽的槽底之间沿螺旋弹簧1的径向的距离A大于等于0.10mm；如A为0.10mm、0.12mm，……等等。装配时，螺旋弹簧1的外圆面与第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3的环形本体21的凹陷面2112的合拢处的接触点之间留有间隙，使螺旋弹簧1不与容纳槽的槽底直接接触，从而保证工作状态时螺旋弹簧1与第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3的凹陷面2112共同形成的容纳槽的槽壁抵接时能产生沿轴向分力，这个分力使第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3的环形本体21的外端面213，在工作状态下驱使第一刮油环2的外端面213与油环槽41的上端面贴合，第二刮油环3的外端面213与油环槽41的下端面贴合，实现密封作用。
在一实施例中，螺旋弹簧1的中心位于容纳槽之外，且螺旋弹簧1的中心与竖直面2111之间在螺旋弹簧1的径向的距离B小于等于(1/3)*r，其中，r为螺旋弹簧1的半径，单位：mm。这就能够保证螺旋弹簧1在装配和工作状态中不从第一刮油环2的凹陷面2112和第二刮油环3的凹陷面2112共同形成的容纳槽中脱落，保证结构的稳定性和可靠性。
为提升可装配性，第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3的环形本体21的轴向高度(也即外端面213、内端面214之间的间距)均不小于0.75mm，如可以选择为0.75mm、0.8mm、0.9mm及以上，在装配过程中不易发生变形，方便装配。
继续参照图6和图7，第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3还包括环形刮油部22，环形刮油部22凸设在外环面212上。该环形刮油部22远离环形本体21的一端设置有刮油面221，该刮油面221则在上下运动过程中与缸壁5接触刮油。为了保证低弹 力下的高面压，且不能破坏油膜，达到低机油耗条件下的高可靠性及长寿命的目的，同时，考虑工艺性，即可加工性，刮油面221的宽度设计为0.03mm-0.4mm，在一实施例中，刮油面221的宽度范围为0.05mm-0.15mm。
继续参照图7，环形刮油部22位于刮油面221和外环面212之间的刮油侧面为上下设置的两个，分别为第一刮油侧面222和第二刮油侧面223，两个刮油侧面可以为倾斜面，在其他实施例中，两个刮油侧面也可以为垂直面，以使垂直面垂直连接于刮油面221和外环面212，或者两个刮油侧面为弯曲面，弯曲面向环形刮油部22的外侧凸设。在本实施例中，为了提高刮油效果，将环形刮油部22设置为梯形状，并将梯形状结构的大尺寸端与环形本体21的外环面212连接，梯形状结构的小尺寸端用于执行刮油作业。
在一实施例中，第一刮油环2的环形刮油部22和第二刮油环3的环形刮油部22可以为上下对称设置(参照图6)，也可以为上下依次排列设置(未图示)。
为了便于将组合式油环安装至活塞4上，参照图2-图5，将第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3设置为开环结构，第一刮油环2上设置有第一开口201，第二刮油环3上设置有第二开口301，由于第一开口201和第二开口301的设置，使得第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3均具有一定的弹性。在将组合式油环安装至活塞4上的油环槽41时，一般是由下至上进行装配。在一实施例中，首先将螺旋弹簧1撑大后置于油环槽41内，然后将下侧的第二刮油环3从第二开口301处将第二刮油环3的两个自由端撑开并卡在螺旋弹簧1的下部，并使螺旋弹簧1和第二刮油环3的凹陷面2112抵接，再将上侧的第一刮油环2从第一开口201处将第一刮油环2的两个自由端撑开并卡在螺旋弹簧1的上部，并使螺旋弹簧1和第一刮油环2的凹陷面2112抵接，或者将第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3及螺旋弹簧1组合后，一起装入油环槽41中，从而完成组合式油环在活塞4上的组装，装配非常便利，具体的装配方式根据实际使用需要确定，此处不做限定。
为了进一步降低机油消耗量，避免发生“窜油”现象，继续参照图2-图5，将第一开口201和第二开口301错位设置，即第一开口201和第二开口301在螺旋弹簧1的周向上错开预设角度，该预设角度大于0°，小于等于180°，在一实施例中，该预设角度的范围大于30°。从而当机油从第二开口301进入时，能够被第一刮油环2的刮油面221刮下，避免从第一开口201直接窜出油环，避免了“窜油”现象。在一实施例中，为了避免在组合式油环的工作过程中，第一刮油环2和第二刮油环3之间的位置因为意外因素发生相对移动，从而导致第一开口201 和第二开口301在一条直线上，在本实施例中，将第一开口201和第二开口301关于螺旋弹簧1的中心轴线对称设置(参照图8)，并将第一开口201和第二开口301在螺旋弹簧1的周向上的夹角设置为180度。
在一实施例中，为了提高回油的顺畅性，使机油能够更加顺利地进出组合式油环，参照图3，在第一刮油环2上设置有第一回油孔202，并将第一回油孔202与容纳槽连通，从而使机油能够从第一回油孔202和容纳槽形成的油路通道内进出组合式油环。除了在第一刮油环2上设置第一回油孔202外，还可以在第二刮油环3上设置第二回油孔302，将第二回油孔302与容纳槽连通形成油路通道。在本实施例中，参照图2-图5，组合式油环同时设置有第一回油孔202和第二回油孔302，第一回油孔202和第二回油孔302均为U型凹槽，第一回油孔202和第二回油孔302可以错位设置，也可以相对设置。在一实施例中，为了提高机油进出组合式油环的均匀性，在第一刮油环2的周向上设置有多个第一回油孔202，在第二刮油环3的周向上设置有多个第二回油孔302。
本实施例的组合式油环，不同于相关技术中的一片式、两片式和三片式油环，采用低弹力系数的螺旋弹簧，在螺旋弹簧1的弹力作用下，第一刮油环2的外端面213与油环槽41的上端面抵接，第二刮油环3的外端面213与油环槽41的下端面抵接，从而提高了组合式油环和油环槽41的密封性，避免了“泵油”现象的发生，降低了机油消耗率。此外，由于组合式油环采用螺旋弹簧1，而螺旋弹簧的弹力系数较小；另外，由于螺旋弹簧1、第一刮油环2及第二刮油环3组合后结构稳定，不至于发生较大的相对滑动，螺旋弹簧与容纳槽抵触面的磨损量小。所以，组合式油环的弹力消失率低，弹力稳定，有效使用寿命长，进而降低了活塞式发动机的维修成本。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种组合式油环，包括呈环状的螺旋弹簧(1)、第一刮油环(2)和第二刮油环(3)，其中，所述第一刮油环(2)和所述第二刮油环(3)上下设置，所述第一刮油环(2)的内环面(211)和所述第二刮油环(3)的内环面(211)共同形成一环形的容纳槽，所述螺旋弹簧(1)设置在所述容纳槽内，并与所述容纳槽的槽壁抵接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的组合式油环，其中，所述第一刮油环(2)和所述第二刮油环(3)均包括环形本体(21)，所述环形本体(21)包括相对设置的外端面(213)和内端面(214)，及连接于所述外端面(213)和所述内端面(214)之间的外环面(212)和所述内环面(211)，所述内环面(211)包括相互连接的竖直面(2111)和凹陷面(2112)，所述竖直面(2111)连接于所述外端面(213)，所述凹陷面(2112)连接于所述内端面(214)，所述第一刮油环(2)的所述凹陷面(2112)和所述第二刮油环(3)的所述凹陷面(2112)相对设置并形成所述容纳槽。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的组合式油环，其中，所述凹陷面(2112)沿所述外端面(213)至所述内端面(214)的方向逐渐向所述外环面(212)凹陷，所述凹陷面(2112)为斜面或弧形面。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的组合式油环，其中，所述螺旋弹簧(1)的外圆面与所述容纳槽的槽底之间沿所述螺旋弹簧(1)的径向的距离A不小于0.10mm；
    所述螺旋弹簧(1)的中心位于所述容纳槽之外，且所述螺旋弹簧(1)的中心与所述竖直面(2111)之间沿所述螺旋弹簧(1)的径向的距离B不大于(1/3)*r，其中，r为所述螺旋弹簧(1)的半径，单位：mm。
  5. 根据权利要求2-4任一项所述的组合式油环，其中，所述第一刮油环(2)和所述第二刮油环(3)还包括环形刮油部(22)，所述环形刮油部(22)凸设在所述外环面(212)上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的组合式油环，其中，所述环形刮油部(22)远离所述环形本体(21)的一端设置有刮油面(221)，所述刮油面(221)的宽度不大于0.03mm-0.4mm。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的组合式油环，其中，所述环形刮油部(22)上位于所述刮油面(221)和所述外环面(212)之间的刮油侧面为倾斜面、垂直面或弯曲面，所述弯曲面向所述环形刮油部(22)的外侧凸设。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的组合式油环，还包括以下两种结构中的至少一种： 所述第一刮油环(2)上设置有第一回油孔(202)，所述第一回油孔(202)与所述容纳槽连通；及
    所述第二刮油环(3)上设置有第二回油孔(302)，所述第二回油孔(302)与所述容纳槽连通。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的组合式油环，其中，所述第一刮油环(2)上设置有第一开口(201)，所述第二刮油环(3)上设置有第二开口(301)，所述第一开口(201)和所述第二开口(301)错位设置。
  10. 一种活塞式发动机，包括活塞(4)及权利要求1-9任一项所述的组合式油环，其中，所述活塞(4)周向设置有油环槽(41)，所述组合式油环设置在所述油环槽(41)内，所述第一刮油环(2)设置为在所述螺旋弹簧(1)的弹力作用下，与所述油环槽(41)的上端面抵接，及所述第二刮油环(3)设置为在所述螺旋弹簧(1)的弹力作用下，与所述油环槽(41)的下端面抵接。
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