WO2020133321A1 - 一种天线单元及阵列天线 - Google Patents

一种天线单元及阵列天线 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133321A1
WO2020133321A1 PCT/CN2018/125244 CN2018125244W WO2020133321A1 WO 2020133321 A1 WO2020133321 A1 WO 2020133321A1 CN 2018125244 W CN2018125244 W CN 2018125244W WO 2020133321 A1 WO2020133321 A1 WO 2020133321A1
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Prior art keywords
pole
feeder
antenna unit
arm
polarization
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PCT/CN2018/125244
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈勇利
王建安
许心影
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瑞声精密制造科技(常州)有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/125244 priority Critical patent/WO2020133321A1/zh
Publication of WO2020133321A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133321A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/10—Resonant antennas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to an antenna unit and an array antenna.
  • the present invention is directed to solving the existing technical problems of existing dual-frequency and dual-polarized antennas, and provides an antenna unit and an array antenna.
  • the present invention provides an antenna unit, the antenna unit includes a ground layer and a first polarization component and a second polarization component stacked on the ground layer; the first polarization The assembly includes a first radiating portion, a first feeder wire disposed on a side of the first radiating portion close to the ground layer, and a first coaxial wire sandwiched between the first feeder wire and the ground layer;
  • the first radiating portion includes a first pole and a second pole spaced apart along the first direction;
  • the first feeder line includes a first feed arm opposite to and connected to the first pole, and a A second power feeding arm opposite to and coupled to the second pole, a first connecting portion connecting the first power feeding arm and the second power feeding arm, and a first through hole formed in the first connecting portion
  • the outer core of the first coaxial line is connected to the first connection portion and the ground layer, and the inner core of the first coaxial line is connected to the first pole through the first through hole;
  • the second polarization component includes a second radiating portion, a second
  • the first polarization assembly further includes a first connection arm disposed at the end of the first power feed arm and connecting the first power feed arm and the first pole; the second polarization The assembly further includes a second connecting arm disposed at the end of the third power feeding arm and connecting the third power feeding arm and the third pole.
  • the antenna unit further includes a stacked first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, the ground layer is provided on a side of the second dielectric plate away from the first dielectric plate, the first radiation And the second feeder line are provided on the side of the second dielectric plate close to the first dielectric plate, and the second radiating portion and the first feeder line are provided on the first dielectric plate away from the Describe one side of the second dielectric plate.
  • the first pole and the second pole are arranged symmetrically along the second direction; the third pole and the fourth pole are arranged symmetrically along the first direction .
  • the first feeder line extends along the first direction; the second feeder line extends along the second direction.
  • the first pole is provided with a first feed slot
  • the second pole is provided with a second feed slot
  • the third pole is provided with a third feed slot
  • the fourth pole is provided
  • the fourth opening is provided with a fourth feeding slot; wherein, the first feeding slot and the second feeding slot are arranged axially symmetrically; the third feeding slot and the fourth feeding slot are arranged axially symmetrically.
  • the first feeding slot has a "concave” shape, and the opening of the "concave” shape faces the second pole.
  • the third feeding slot is in a “concave” shape, and the opening in the “concave” shape faces the fourth pole.
  • the present invention also provides an array antenna, which includes at least two of the foregoing antenna units.
  • the antenna units are arranged in a straight line.
  • the antenna unit and the array antenna provided by the present invention, by providing a polarization component with a feeder line, enable the antenna unit to independently achieve dual polarization with a smaller volume. At the same time, a feeding gap is opened on the pole of the polarized component, thereby greatly reducing the influence of higher harmonics.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an antenna unit provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the antenna unit.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the first polarized component of the antenna unit.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 along line A-A.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the second polarized component of the antenna unit.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 along line B-B.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an array antenna provided by a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8A is an efficiency graph of the first polarization component of the antenna unit.
  • FIG. 8B is an efficiency curve diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit.
  • FIG. 9A is a graph of the reflection coefficient of the first polarization components of the four antenna elements of the array antenna.
  • 9B is a graph of the reflection coefficient of the second polarization components of the four antenna elements of the array antenna.
  • FIG. 10A is a directional diagram of the first polarized component of the antenna unit at 26.5 GHz.
  • FIG. 10B is a directional diagram of the first polarization component of the antenna unit at 28 GHz.
  • FIG. 11A is a directional diagram of the first polarization component of the antenna unit at 37 GHz.
  • FIG. 11B is a directional diagram of the first polarization component of the antenna unit at 38.5 GHz.
  • FIG. 12A is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 26.5 GHz.
  • FIG. 12B is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 28 GHz.
  • FIG. 13A is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 37 GHz.
  • FIG. 13B is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 38.5 GHz.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna unit 100 including a ground layer 10, a second dielectric plate 20, a second polarization component 30, a first dielectric plate 40, and a first polarization Component 50.
  • the first polarization component 50 and the second polarization component 30 are stacked on the ground layer 10.
  • the first polarization component 50 and the second polarization component 30 are used to generate orthogonal polarizations.
  • the first dielectric plate 10 and the second dielectric plate 20 are stacked, and the second dielectric plate 20 is disposed between the ground layer 10 and the first dielectric plate 40.
  • the materials, thickness, dielectric constant and loss tangent of the first dielectric plate 40 and the second dielectric plate 20 can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the actual application environment.
  • the dielectric constant of the first dielectric plate 40 and the second dielectric plate 20 is 2.8, and the loss tangent value is 0.002, thereby greatly reducing the loss of the overall performance of the antenna unit 100.
  • the first polarization assembly 50 includes a first radiating portion 500, a first feeder 503, a first coaxial line 504 and a first connecting arm 505.
  • the first radiation part 500 includes a first pole 501 and a second pole 502.
  • the first pole 501 and the second pole 502 are arranged on the side of the first dielectric plate 40 away from the ground layer 10 along the first direction, and are arranged symmetrically along the second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction Orthogonal setting, which is perpendicular to each other.
  • the first pole 501 is provided with a first ground point 5011.
  • the first ground point 5011 may be one or more.
  • the first pole 501 is electrically connected to the ground layer 10 through the first ground point 5011.
  • the first feed line 503 extends along the first direction and is disposed between the second dielectric plate 20 and the first dielectric plate 40, that is, the first feed line 503 is disposed on the side of the first radiation portion 500 close to the ground layer 10.
  • the first feed line 503 is electrically connected to the first pole 501 through the first connection arm 505, and the first feed line 503 is electrically coupled to the second pole 502.
  • the first coaxial line 504 is interposed between the first feed line 503 and the ground layer 10, and is used to connect the first feed line 503 to an external feed network.
  • the first power feed line 503 includes a first connection portion 5033, a second power feed arm 5032, and a first power feed arm 5034.
  • the first power feeding arm 5034 is opposite to and connected to the first pole 501
  • the second power feeding arm 5032 is opposite to and coupled to the second pole 502
  • the first connecting portion 5033 is disposed between the second power feeding arm 5032 and the first feed
  • a second power feeding arm 5032 and a first power feeding arm 5034 are connected.
  • the first connecting portion 5033 is provided with a first through hole, and the inner core 5041 of the first coaxial line 504 is electrically connected to the first pole 501 through the first through hole, so that the external feed network can be the first polarization
  • the assembly 50 feeds power, and at the same time, the outer core 5042 of the first coaxial line 504 is electrically connected to the first feed line 503 and the ground layer 10 to short the first feed line 503 and the ground layer 10.
  • the first pole 501 is provided with a first feed slot 5015
  • the second pole 502 is provided with a second feed slot 5021 to reduce the influence of higher harmonics.
  • the shapes of the first feeding slot 5015 and the second feeding slot 5021 may be the same or different, which is not limited herein.
  • the first feed slot 5015 and the second feed slot 5021 have the same shape and are arranged axisymmetrically, and their symmetry axes are in the second direction.
  • the first feed slot 5015 may be a “H”-shaped, “concave”-shaped, or other feeder slot having an opening, and the opening faces the second pole 502.
  • the second feed slot 5021 is also a “H”-shaped, “concave”-shaped, etc. feeder slot having an opening, and the opening faces the first pole 501.
  • both the first feeding slot 5015 and the second feeding slot 5021 are in a "concave" shape, and are arranged axisymmetrically.
  • the first ground point 5011 is disposed in the opening of the first feeding slot 5015.
  • the second radiating part 300 includes a third pole 301 and a fourth pole 302.
  • the third pole 301 and the fourth pole 302 are spaced between the first dielectric plate 40 and the second dielectric plate 20 along the second direction, and are axially symmetric along the first direction. That is, the third pole 301 and the fourth pole 302 are arranged on the same side of the first dielectric plate 40 or the second dielectric plate 20 as the first feed line 503.
  • the third pole 301 is provided with a second through hole 3011, and the inner core 3041 of the coaxial wire 304 passes through the second through hole 3011 and is electrically connected to the second feeder 303 to feed the second feeder 303.
  • the outer core 3042 of the second coaxial line 304 electrically connects the ground layer 10 and the third pole 301 to short the third pole 301 and the ground layer 10.
  • the second feeder 303 extends along the second direction and is disposed on the side of the first dielectric plate 40 away from the third pole 301, and the second feeder 303 and the first pole 501 are disposed on the same side of the first dielectric plate 40 , And the second feeder 303 is electrically connected to the third pole 301 and electrically coupled to the fourth pole 302.
  • the second feeder 303 includes a second connection portion 3032, a fourth feeder arm 3031, and a third feeder arm 3033.
  • the fourth feed arm 3031 is used to form an electrical coupling with the fourth pole 302
  • the third feed arm 3033 is electrically connected to the third pole 301 through the second connecting arm 305, and is connected to the second pole through the third pole 301
  • the outer core 3042 of the same axis 304 is electrically connected to the ground layer 10.
  • the second connection portion 3032 is provided between the fourth power feeding arm 3031 and the third power feeding arm 3033, and is electrically connected to the fourth power feeding arm 3031 and the third power feeding arm 3033.
  • the second connection portion 3032 is electrically connected to the inner core 3041 of the second coaxial line 304, so that the external feed network can transmit the excitation signal to the second feed line 303.
  • the third pole 301 is provided with a third feed slot 3012
  • the fourth pole 302 is provided with a fourth feed slot 3021 to reduce the influence of higher harmonics.
  • the shapes of the third feeding slot 3012 and the fourth feeding slot 3021 may be the same or different, which is not limited herein.
  • the third feed slot 3012 and the fourth feed slot 3021 have the same shape and are arranged axisymmetrically, and their symmetry axes are in the first direction.
  • the third power feeding slot 3012 may be a power feeding slot having an opening such as an "H” shape, a “concave” shape, and the opening faces the fourth pole 302.
  • the fourth feed slot 3021 is also a “H”-shaped, “concave”-shaped, etc. feeder slot having an opening, and the opening faces the third pole 301.
  • the third power feeding slot 3012 and the fourth power feeding slot 3021 are both "concave” shaped, and are arranged axisymmetrically.
  • the second through hole 3011 is provided in the opening of the third feeding slot 3012.
  • the antenna unit provided by the present invention by providing a polarization component with a feeder line, enables the antenna unit to independently achieve dual polarization with a smaller volume. Further, a feeding gap is opened in the pole of the polarized component, thereby greatly reducing the influence of higher harmonics.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention provides an array antenna 200.
  • the array antenna 200 includes an antenna unit 100.
  • the number of antenna units 100 in the array antenna 200 is not specifically limited, and can be determined according to the gain value to be achieved and the space in which the array antenna 200 is embedded in the base station applied.
  • the antenna units 100 there are at least two antenna units 100, and the antenna units 100 are arranged closely one after another and will not be connected.
  • the array antenna provided in this embodiment specifically includes four antenna units 100. More preferably, there are four antenna elements 100 in the array antenna 200, which are arranged in a straight line.
  • FIGS. 8A-13B The performance of the above array antenna 200 is shown in FIGS. 8A-13B.
  • FIG. 8A is an efficiency curve diagram of the first polarizing component 50 of the antenna unit 100.
  • FIG. 8B is an efficiency curve diagram of the second polarization component 30 of the antenna unit 100.
  • FIG. 9A is a graph of the reflection coefficient of the first polarized component 50 of the four antenna elements 100 of the array antenna 200.
  • FIG. 9B is a graph of the reflection coefficient of the second polarization assembly 30 of the four antenna elements 100 of the array antenna 200.
  • FIG. 10A is a directional diagram of the first polarization component of the antenna unit at 26.5 GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross-polarization to main polarization ratio, and curve c Represents the H-plane main polarization, and curve d represents the ratio of the H-plane cross polarization to the main polarization.
  • FIG. 10B is a directional diagram of the first polarization component of the antenna unit at 28 GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross polarization to main polarization ratio, and curve c represents H-plane main polarization, curve d represents the ratio of H-plane cross polarization to main polarization.
  • FIG. 11A is a directional diagram of the first polarization component of the antenna unit at 37GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross-polarization to main polarization ratio, and curve c represents H-plane main polarization, curve d represents the ratio of H-plane cross polarization to main polarization.
  • FIG. 11B is a directional diagram of the first polarization component of the antenna unit at 38.5 GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross-polarization to main polarization ratio, and curve c Represents the H-plane main polarization, and curve d represents the ratio of the H-plane cross polarization to the main polarization.
  • FIG. 12A is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 26.5 GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross-polarization to main polarization ratio, and curve c Represents the H-plane main polarization, and curve d represents the ratio of the H-plane cross polarization to the main polarization.
  • FIG. 12B is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 28 GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross polarization and main polarization ratio, and curve c represents H-plane main polarization, curve d represents the ratio of H-plane cross polarization to main polarization.
  • FIG. 13A is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 37GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross polarization to main polarization ratio, and curve c represents H-plane main polarization, curve d represents the ratio of H-plane cross polarization to main polarization.
  • FIG. 13B is a directional diagram of the second polarization component of the antenna unit at 38.5 GHz, where curve a represents the E-plane main polarization, curve b represents the E-plane cross-polarization to main polarization ratio, and curve c Represents the H-plane main polarization, and curve d represents the ratio of the H-plane cross polarization to the main polarization.

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种天线单元及阵列天线，所述天线单元包括接地层及叠设于所述接地层之上的第一极化组件和第二极化组件；所述第一极化组件包括第一辐射部、设置于所述第一辐射部靠近所述接地层一侧的第一馈电线以及夹设于所述第一馈电线和所述接地层之间的第一同轴线；所述第一辐射部包括沿第一方向间隔设置的第一极子和第二极子；所述第二极化组件包括第二辐射部、设置于所述第二辐射部远离所述接地层一侧的第二馈电线以及夹设于所述第二辐射部和所述接地层之间的第二同轴线；所述第二辐射部包括沿第二方向间隔设置的第三极子和第四极子，所述第一极化组件和所述第二极化组件用于产生正交极化。所述阵列天线包括前述的天线单元。

Description

一种天线单元及阵列天线 【技术领域】
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种天线单元及阵列天线。
【背景技术】
目前在毫米波段，对于同时实现双频和双极化的阵列研究较少。28GHz和39GHz同时覆盖的带宽较窄，且实现起来的形式过于复杂，双极化所产生的交叉极化比依然较差，且在体积上有一定的劣势。
【发明内容】
本发明针对解决现有双频和双极化天线的存在的技术问题，而提供一种天线单元及阵列天线。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种天线单元，所述天线单元包括接地层及叠设于所述接地层之上的第一极化组件和第二极化组件；所述第一极化组件包括第一辐射部、设置于所述第一辐射部靠近所述接地层一侧的第一馈电线以及夹设于所述第一馈电线和所述接地层之间的第一同轴线；所述第一辐射部包括沿第一方向间隔设置的第一极子和第二极子；所述第一馈电线包括与所述第一极子相对且连接的第一馈电臂、与所述第二极子相对且耦合的第二馈电臂、连接所述第一馈电臂和所述第二馈电臂的第一连接部以及开设于所述第一连接部的第一通孔；所述第一同轴线的外芯与所述第一连接部和所述接地层连接，所述第一同轴线的内芯贯穿所述第一通孔与所述第一极子连接；所述第二极化组件包括第二辐射部、设置于所述第二辐射部远离所述接地层一侧的第二馈电线以及夹设于所述第二辐射部和所述接地层之间的第二 同轴线；所述第二辐射部包括沿第二方向间隔设置的第三极子和第四极子，所述第三极子上开设有第二通孔；所述第二馈电线包括与所述第三极子相对且连接的第三馈电臂、与所述第四极子相对且耦合的第四馈电臂以及连接所述第三馈电臂和所述第四馈电臂的第二连接部；所述第二同轴线的外芯与所述第三极子和所述接地层连接，所述第二同轴线的内芯贯穿所述第二通孔与所述第二连接部连接；所述第一方向和所述第二方向正交设置，所述第一极化组件和所述第二极化组件用于产生正交极化。
优选地，所述第一极化组件还包括设置于所述第一馈电臂末端且连接所述第一馈电臂和所述第一极子的第一连接臂；所述第二极化组件还包括设置于所述第三馈电臂末端且连接所述第三馈电臂和所述第三极子的第二连接臂。
优选地，所述天线单元还包括叠设的第一介质板和第二介质板，所述接地层设于所述第二介质板远离所述第一介质板的一侧，所述第一辐射部和所述第二馈电线设于所述第二介质板靠近所述第一介质板的一侧，所述第二辐射部和所述第一馈电线设于所述第一介质板远离所述第二介质板的一侧。优选地，所述第一极子和所述第二极子沿着所述第二方向轴对称设置；所述第三极子和所述第四极子沿着所述第一方向轴对称设置。
优选地，所述第一馈电线沿着所述第一方向延伸；所述第二馈电线沿着所述第二方向延伸。
优选地，所述第一极子开设有第一馈电缝隙、所述第二极子开设有第二馈电缝隙、所述第三极子开设有第三馈电缝隙、所述第四极子开设有第四馈电缝隙；其中，所述第一馈电缝隙和所述第二馈电缝隙轴对称设置；所述第三馈电缝隙和所述第四馈电缝隙轴对称设置。
优选地，所述第一馈电缝呈“凹”字型，且“凹”字型开口朝向所述第二极子。
优选地，所述第三馈电缝呈“凹”字型，且“凹”字型开口朝向所述第四极子。
本发明还提供一种阵列天线，所述阵列天线包括至少两个前述的天线单元。
优选地，所述天线单元呈直线排列。
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的天线单元及阵列天线，通过设置带馈电线的极化组件，使得天线单元可以以较小的体积独立实现双极化。同时，在极化组件的极子上开设馈电缝隙，从而大大减小高次谐波的影响。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明提供的天线单元立体结构示意图。
图3是天线单元的俯视结构示意图。
图2是天线单元第一极化组件的爆炸结构示意图。
图4是图2沿A-A线的剖视图。
图5是天线单元第二极化组件的爆炸结构示意图。
图6是图2沿B-B线的剖视图。
图7是本发明第二实施例提供的阵列天线立体结构示意图。
图8A是天线单元的第一极化组件的效率曲线图。
图8B是天线单元的第二极化组件的效率曲线图。
图9A是阵列天线的四个天线单元的第一极化组件的反射系数曲线图。
图9B是阵列天线的四个天线单元的第二极化组件的反射系数曲线图。
图10A是天线单元的第一极化组件在26.5GHz的方向图。
图10B是天线单元的第一极化组件在28GHz的方向图。
图11A是天线单元的第一极化组件在37GHz的方向图。
图11B是天线单元的第一极化组件在38.5GHz的方向图。
图12A是天线单元的第二极化组件在26.5GHz的方向图。
图12B是天线单元的第二极化组件在28GHz的方向图。
图13A是天线单元的第二极化组件在37GHz的方向图。
图13B是天线单元的第二极化组件在38.5GHz的方向图。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的，技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
请参阅图1，本发明第一实施例提供一种天线单元100，该天线单元100包括接地层10、第二介质板20、第二极化组件30、第一介质板40以及第一极化组件50。第一极化组件50和第二极化组件30叠设于接地层10之上。第一极化组件50和第二极化组件30用于产生正交极化。第一介质板10和第二介质板20叠设，第二介质板20设置于接地层10和第一介质板40之间。
其中，第一介质板40和第二介质板20选取的材料、厚度、介电常数以及损耗角正切值等均可以又本领域的技术人员根据实际需要应用的环境来选择。优选地，第一介质板40和第二介质板20的介电常数为2.8，损耗角正切值为0.002，从而大大降低了对天线单元100整体性能的损耗。
请参阅图2-图4，第一极化组件50包括第一辐射部500，第一馈电线503，第一同轴线504以及第一连接臂505。其中，第一辐射部500包括第一极子501以及第二极子502。第一极子501和第二极子502沿第一方向间隔设置于第一介质板40远离接地层10一侧，且沿着第二方向轴对称设置，其中第一方向和所述第二方向正交设置，也即互为垂直。第一极子501上设置有第一接地点5011，该第一接地点5011可以是一个或多个，第一极子501通过第一接地点5011与接地层10电连接。
第一馈电线503沿着第一方向延伸，并布设于第二介质板20和第一介质板40之间，也即第一馈电线503设置于第一辐射部500靠近接地层10一侧。第一馈电线503通过第一连接臂505与第一极子501电连接，并且第一馈电线503与第二极子502电耦合。第一同轴线504以及夹设于第一馈电线503和接地层10之间，用于将第一馈电线503连接至外部的馈电网络。
具体地，第一馈电线503包括第一连接部5033、第二馈电臂5032以及第一馈电臂5034。其中第一馈电臂5034与第一极子501相对且连接，第二馈电臂5032与第二极子502相对且耦合，第一连接部5033设置于第二馈电臂5032和第一馈电臂5034之间，连接第二馈电臂5032和第一馈电臂5034。第一连接部5033上设置有第一通孔，第一同轴线504的内芯5041通过该第一通孔与第一极子501电连接，以使外部的馈电网络可以为第一极化组件50馈电，同时，第一同轴线504的外芯5042与第一馈电线503和接地层10电连接，以短接第一馈电线503和接地层10。
部分实施例中，第一极子501开设有第一馈电缝隙5015，第二极子502开设有第二馈电缝隙5021，以减小高次谐波的影响。第一馈电缝隙5015和第二馈电缝隙5021的形状可以是相同，也可以不同，在此不做限定。优选地，第一馈电缝隙5015和第二馈电缝隙5021的形状相同且呈轴对称设置，其对称轴在第二方向上。
具体地，第一馈电缝隙5015可以为“H”形、“凹”字形等具有开口的馈电部缝隙，且开口朝向第二极子502。第二馈电缝隙5021也为“H”形、“凹”字形等具有开口的馈电部缝隙，且开口朝向第一极子501。优选地，第一馈电缝隙5015和第二馈电缝隙5021均为“凹”字形，呈轴对称设置。
更优地，第一接地点5011设置于第一馈电缝隙5015的开口内。
请参阅图3以及图5-6，第二辐射部300，第一馈电线303， 第二同轴线304以及第二连接臂305。其中，第二辐射部300包括第三极子301和第四极子302。第三极子301和第四极子302沿着第二方向间隔设置于第一介质板40和第二介质板20之间，且沿着第一方向轴对称设置。也即第三极子301和第四极子302与第一馈电线503设置于第一介质板40或第二介质板20的同一侧。
第三极子301设置有第二通孔3011，同轴线304的内芯3041穿过第二通孔3011与第二馈电线303电连接，以为第二馈电线303馈电。第二同轴线304的外芯3042电连接接地层10和第三极子301，以短接第三极子301和接地层10。
第二馈电线303沿着第二方向延伸，并布设于第一介质板40远离第三极子301一侧，第二馈电线303与第一极子501设置于第一介质板40的同一侧，且第二馈电线303与第三极子301电连接，并与第四极子302电耦合。
具体地，第二馈电线303包括第二连接部3032、第四馈电臂3031以及第三馈电臂3033。其中第四馈电臂3031用于与第四极子302形成电耦合，第三馈电臂3033通过第二连接臂305与第三极子301电连接，并通过第三极子301与第二同轴线304的外芯3042与接地层10电连接。第二连接部3032设置于第四馈电臂3031以及第三馈电臂3033之间，并与第四馈电臂3031以及第三馈电臂3033电连接。同时，第二连接部3032与第二同轴线304的内芯3041电连接，以使外部馈电网络的可以将激励信号传输给第二馈电线303。
在部分实施例中，第三极子301开设有第三馈电缝隙3012，第四极子302开设有第四馈电缝隙3021，以减小高次谐波的影响。第三馈电缝隙3012和第四馈电缝隙3021的形状可以是相同，也可以不同，在此不做限定。优选地，第三馈电缝隙3012和第四馈电缝隙3021的形状相同且呈轴对称设置，其对称轴在第一方向上。
具体地，第三馈电缝隙3012可以为“H”形、“凹”字形等具 有开口的馈电部缝隙，且开口朝向第四极子302。第四馈电缝隙3021也为“H”形、“凹”字形等具有开口的馈电部缝隙，且开口朝向第三极子301。优选地，第三馈电缝隙3012和第四馈电缝隙3021均为“凹”字形，呈轴对称设置。
更优选地，第二通孔3011设置于第三馈电缝隙3012的开口内。
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的天线单元，通过设置带馈电线的极化组件，使得天线单元可以以较小的体积独立实现双极化。进一步，在极化组件的极子上开设馈电缝隙，从而大大减小高次谐波的影响。
请参阅图7，本发明的第二实施方式提供一种阵列天线200。该阵列天线200包括天线单元100。阵列天线200中的天线单元100的个数具体不做限制，可以根据需要达到的增益值以及应用于的基站中嵌设阵列天线200的空间来决定。
较优的，天线单元100至少为两个，并且天线单元100依次紧密设置，不会相连。
为了使上述结构的阵列天线200能够兼具高增益、低旁瓣、宽频带和小型化等优点，本实施方式中提供的阵列天线具体包括四个天线单元100。更优地，阵列天线200中的天线单元100为四个，且呈直线排列。
上述阵列天线200的性能如图8A-13B所示。
如图8A所示，图8A为天线单元100的第一极化组件50的效率曲线图。
如图8B所示，图8B为天线单元100的第二极化组件30的效率曲线图。
如图9A所示，图9A为阵列天线200的四个天线单元100的第一极化组件50的反射系数曲线图。
如图9B所示，图9B为阵列天线200的四个天线单元100的 第二极化组件30的反射系数曲线图。
如图10A所示，图10A是天线单元的第一极化组件在26.5GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极化与主极化比。
如图10B所示，图10B是天线单元的第一极化组件在28GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极化与主极化比。
如图11A所示，图11A是天线单元的第一极化组件在37GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极化与主极化比。
如图11B所示，图11B是天线单元的第一极化组件在38.5GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极化与主极化比。
如图12A所示，图12A是天线单元的第二极化组件在26.5GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极化与主极化比。
如图12B所示，图12B是天线单元的第二极化组件在28GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极化与主极化比。
如图13A所示，图13A是天线单元的第二极化组件在37GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极 化与主极化比。
如图13B所示，图13B是天线单元的第二极化组件在38.5GHz的方向图，其中曲线a表示E面主极化，曲线b表示E面交叉极化与主极化比，曲线c表示H面主极化，曲线d表示H面交叉极化与主极化比。
以上所述的仅是发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种天线单元，其特征在于，所述天线单元包括接地层及叠设于所述接地层之上的第一极化组件和第二极化组件；
    所述第一极化组件包括第一辐射部、设置于所述第一辐射部靠近所述接地层一侧的第一馈电线以及夹设于所述第一馈电线和所述接地层之间的第一同轴线；
    所述第一辐射部包括沿第一方向间隔设置的第一极子和第二极子；
    所述第一馈电线包括与所述第一极子相对且连接的第一馈电臂、与所述第二极子相对且耦合的第二馈电臂、连接所述第一馈电臂和所述第二馈电臂的第一连接部以及开设于所述第一连接部的第一通孔；
    所述第一同轴线的外芯与所述第一连接部和所述接地层连接，所述第一同轴线的内芯贯穿所述第一通孔与所述第一极子连接；
    所述第二极化组件包括第二辐射部、设置于所述第二辐射部远离所述接地层一侧的第二馈电线以及夹设于所述第二辐射部和所述接地层之间的第二同轴线；
    所述第二辐射部包括沿第二方向间隔设置的第三极子和第四极子，所述第三极子上开设有第二通孔；
    所述第二馈电线包括与所述第三极子相对且连接的第三馈电臂、与所述第四极子相对且耦合的第四馈电臂以及连接所述第三馈电臂和所述第四馈电臂的第二连接部；
    所述第二同轴线的外芯与所述第三极子和所述接地层连接，所述第二同轴线的内芯贯穿所述第二通孔与所述第二连接部连接；所述第一方向和所述第二方向正交设置，所述第一极化组件和所述第二极化组件用于产生正交极化。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于：所述第一极化组件还包括设置于所述第一馈电臂末端且连接所述第一馈电臂和所述第一极子的第一连接臂；所述第二极化组件还包括设置于所述第三馈电臂末端且连接所述第三馈电臂和所述第三极子的第二连接臂。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于：所述天线单元还包括叠设的第一介质板和第二介质板，所述接地层设于所述第二介质板远离所述第一介质板的一侧，所述第一辐射部和所述第二馈电线设于所述第二介质板靠近所述第一介质板的一侧，所述第二辐射部和所述第一馈电线设于所述第一介质板远离所述第二介质板的一侧。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于：所述第一极子和所述第二极子沿着所述第二方向轴对称设置；
    所述第三极子和所述第四极子沿着所述第一方向轴对称设置。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的天线单元，其特征在于：所述第一馈电线沿着所述第一方向延伸；所述第二馈电线沿着所述第二方向延伸。
  6. 如权利要求1-5任意一项所述的天线单元，其特征在于：所述第一极子开设有第一馈电缝隙、所述第二极子开设有第二馈电缝隙、所述第三极子开设有第三馈电缝隙、所述第四极子开设有第四馈电缝隙；
    其中，所述第一馈电缝隙和所述第二馈电缝隙轴对称设置；
    所述第三馈电缝隙和所述第四馈电缝隙轴对称设置。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的天线单元，其特征在于：所述第一馈电缝呈“凹”字型，且“凹”字型开口朝向所述第二极子。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的天线单元，其特征在于：所述第三馈电缝呈“凹”字型，且“凹”字型开口朝向所述第四极子。
  9. 一种阵列天线，其特征在于：所述阵列天线包括至少两个如权利要求1-8任意一项所述的天线单元。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的阵列天线，其特征在于：所述天线单元呈直线排列。
PCT/CN2018/125244 2018-12-29 2018-12-29 一种天线单元及阵列天线 WO2020133321A1 (zh)

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