WO2020130848A1 - Système permettant de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et de maximiser la sédimentation dans une ferme piscicole fermée - Google Patents

Système permettant de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et de maximiser la sédimentation dans une ferme piscicole fermée Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020130848A1
WO2020130848A1 PCT/NO2019/050284 NO2019050284W WO2020130848A1 WO 2020130848 A1 WO2020130848 A1 WO 2020130848A1 NO 2019050284 W NO2019050284 W NO 2019050284W WO 2020130848 A1 WO2020130848 A1 WO 2020130848A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fish
raceway
water
pipes
sludge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2019/050284
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kjell Lorentsen
Original Assignee
Gigante Havbruk As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gigante Havbruk As filed Critical Gigante Havbruk As
Publication of WO2020130848A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020130848A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5263—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using natural chemical compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/022—Laminar
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fish farming facilities. Specifically, a system for minimizing pum p energy and maximizing sedimentation in a closed fish farm where the water flows in one direction through the plant.
  • Salmon louse is a species of copepod. It lives like a marine parasite on salmonids. It feeds on the mucus, skin and blood of the fish.
  • the head is wide and shield-shaped and is used as a suction cup.
  • the back body is narrower and, in the female, filled with eggs.
  • the female's hindquarters also have two long egg sacs or spines.
  • At the free flowing nauplius stage, it has a length of 0.54 to 0.85 mm.
  • In the copepodite stage it is approx. 0.7 mm long and attacks the fish.
  • At the chalimus stage it is 1.2 to 2.8 mm long.
  • Salmon lice are a naturally occurring ectoparasite that have direct transmission between hosts (salmon) by means of planktonic larval stages. They are light sensitive and reside mainly in the top 10 meters of the water masses, where we also produce the salmon. With the increase in salmon production, the problem of salmon lice has also exploded and is the biggest fish health problem the fish farming industry has. The industry has struggled with salmon lice for many years and has been dependent on chemotherapeutic treatments, but its frequent and continuous use has led to the development of reduced sensitivity and resistance to these in salmon lice.
  • the system for minimizing pumping energy and maximizing sedimentation and supplying sufficient oxygen by means of natural seawater without salmon lice to a closed, escape-safe aquaculture facility is based on solid ground, according to claim 1, solving the aquaculture industry's 3 biggest problems without exploding costs like traditional land based farms.
  • the invention describes a system for minimizing energy consumption and maximizing sedimentation and supplying sufficient oxygen by means of natural seawater without salmon lice to a closed fish farm based on solid ground.
  • the system comprises a closed basin located such that the water inlets and the water outlets have access to two different currents of water, the basin having separate watertight parallel raceways.
  • Each raceway comprises one water intake pipe having at least one escape barrier connected to an inlet end of the raceway and having at least one flow unit which retrieves seawater from below salmon lice level.
  • Each raceway further comprises a water outlet pipe having at least one escape barrier connected to an opposite outlet end of the raceway.
  • the water outlet pipe has an equal cross-sectional area as the inlet pipe and has at least one flow unit and means for sludge extraction from the raceway.
  • the inlet pipes and outlet pipes of the raceways have respectively an inlet opening and an outlet opening located at a level below the lowest low tide and an upper edge of the basin is positioned above the highest high tide.
  • the cross- sectional area (measured in m 2 ) in the pipes Ap ipe and the raceway, A RW is according to the relation:
  • Fig. 1 is a top view of a land-based fish farm facility with a basin containing fish raceways.
  • Fig. 2 shows a basin with inlet and outlet as seen from the side.
  • Fig. 3 Shows a favorable location in a landscape.
  • Fig. 4 shows a horizontal fish barrier and a vertical separation network in a fish raceway.
  • Fig. 5 shows the relationship between pump power needed and pipe diameter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a land-based fish farming facility according to the invention.
  • the fish farm includes a closed fish basin 1 where the water level is kept at the same height as the tide.
  • On one side of the fish farm there is a plurality of water intake pipes 2 which collect seawater from below the salmon lice level as shown in FIG. 2, that is, from below 10 - 15 meters, and on the other side there is a plurality of water outlet pipes 3.
  • Inlet pipes and outlet pipes 2, 3 of the raceways have an inlet opening 8 and an outlet opening 9 respectively, both of which are located at a level below the lowest low tide.
  • Inlet pipes and outlet pipes are both equipped with at least one escape barrier 16 each as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the depth of the basin is of the same order of magnitude as the width of the raceway 4.
  • the breeding channels may be tubular structures resting on the bottom of the basin.
  • the length of the raceway should be roughly 5 to 20 times the width of the raceway, more preferred roughly 10 times the width.
  • the fish farm must be at rest, unaffected by weather, wind and waves. The latter is difficult to achieve with floating fish farms.
  • the height of which the water is to be moved must be reduced to close to 0. Furthermore, the friction in the pipes carrying water to a nd from the fish farm must be reduced. Larger diameters of the pipes give less friction pr. volume of water. Different pumping methods give different amounts of turbulence. Slow-moving large propellers produce less turbulence compared to small and fast propellers or turbines.
  • inlet pipes and outlet pipes must also have a large diameter in relation to the water needed in the basin in question. The water level in the basin will then follow the tide.
  • a Pipe are the cross-section of the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe
  • V Pipe are the water velocity of the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe
  • a RW is the cross-section of the raceway
  • V RW is the water velocity of the raceway.
  • the water velocity of the pipes V Pipe should be sufficiently slow such that friction and turbulence are small.
  • the water velocity V RW of the raceway should be sufficiently slow such that sedimentation can proceed for a sufficiently long time.
  • the cross- section of a raceway 4 should be at least 5-10 times the cross-section of the intake pipes 2.
  • a pipe x V Pipe A RW x V RW .
  • the constraints we have on the velocities are as follows: 1. Pipes ⁇ 1 m / s so that little return pressure is created in the pipes and 2. V RW ⁇ 0.1 m / s so that sedimentation can take place in the raceway.
  • the cheapest way to meet the oxygen demand of the fish is using the oxygen naturally found in the seawater. Therefore the oxygen demand of the fish and the oxygen content of the seawater controls how much water is needed in a fish raceway.
  • the oxygen need for the fish increases with temperature while the oxygen content of the seawater decreases with increasing temperature. That is, everything must be dimensioned for maximum
  • ton fish is the number of tons of fish in the raceway.
  • the outlet does not necessarily have to be a pipe, it may be smart to express this as a cross-sectional area measured in m 2 :
  • a raceway according to the invention has 8000 tons of fish, it should have access to at least 8 tons of oxygen per day (consumption of 3-8 kg. oxygen per ton of fish in per day or 2.1 - 5.5 g of oxygen per tons of fish per minute).
  • oxygen content in the seawater in Northern Norway at 15 degrees, it provides a desired flow of water of approximately 500 tons of seawater per minute, including safety margins.
  • the desired minimum diameter becomes different.
  • the partition walls 7 in the raceways 1 are dimensioned to be able to stand when the basin and raceway are dry, but do not have to be dimensioned to withstand the pressure that occurs if two adjacent raceways are full and empty respectively.
  • large portions of the partition walls of the raceways are a waterproof cloth that is attached to a skeleton.
  • the location of the basin is important. Ideal location is on a relatively small elongated island with relatively good flow on both sides and with depths over 20 meters in the immediate vicinity. With such a position as shown in FIG. 3, the plant can access two independent current systems, indicated by arrows A and B, which prevent the outlet water from coming into contact with the inlet and the pipe lengths can be relatively short to reduce cost and resistance. In the case of smaller installations or upgraded treatment of the out flow, proximity to the sea with depths above 20 meters will be sufficient. Furthermore, the basin must be positioned such that the sea does not float in the event of storms and there must be opportunities for logistical solutions in the form of access for boat or truck, preferably both.
  • inlet 2 and outlet 3, basin 3 and raceway 4 is also influenced by the tidal difference in the area. With large tidal differences, large variations in fish volume become problematic.
  • the farm according to the invention should work well for up to 6 meters maximum tidal difference.
  • lowest low tide is meant a level that is somewhat lower than the Lowest Astronomical Low tide (LAT) and does not go below the upper point of the intake and outlet pipes more than at most once a year.
  • high high tide is meant a level which is above the Highest Astronomical High Tide (HAT) and does not exceed the upper edge of the basin more than at most once a year.
  • a barrier in the form of the basin 1 that is blasted into rock or cast in concrete.
  • the only supply of seawater is through inlet and outlet pipes 2, 3.
  • the flow units 17 are large diameter propellers 17 which move slowly such that the flow is as turbulent free as possible.
  • sludge collection means comprise a horizontal fish barrier 20 at the bottom of the raceway throughout its length where the fish are located and which prevents the fish from swirling up sedimented feed residues and feces and at least one sludge hoover 21, or sludge extractor, under the fish barrier which sucks up the sedimented sludge and brings it to a sedimentation tank 23 via a sludge pipe 27 where the solids content is further increased, as indicated in Figures 1 and 3.
  • sludge extractors There are many sludge extractors on the market that will work.
  • the solids content of the sludge collected by the at least one sludge hoover is approx. 1%.
  • Sludge pumps 29 pump the sludge to the sedimentation tank 23.
  • the sedimentation tank 23 is a circular sedimentation tank where the sludge is fed to the bottom and purified water runs off the top. A typical solids content after treatment in the sedimentation tank will be approx. 10%.
  • the sludge is pumped via a depot pipe 28 to a sludge depot 24 where it is stored for further transport or further processing, as shown in Figure 1.
  • a portion of a downstream end of the fish raceway is blocked with a separating net 25 as shown in FIG. 4. It will cause less turbulence because the fish does not swim in this area which is not burdened with feces and fodder. Thus, the sedimentation will improve.
  • the water can be treated without having to pay attention to the fish. For example, coagulants or flocculants may be added.
  • the water pumped out from the raceways is discharged into a cleaning basin before it flows into the sea.
  • coagulants or flocculants may be added and the cleaning basin may be provided with sludge collection means of the same type as in the raceways.
  • water inlet pipes and water outlet pipes can be closed with inflatable sealing balloons and the water can then be pumped out with mobile pumps.
  • One of the major benefits of a fish farm of this type is the ability to purify the water passing through the fish farm. Because the water flows in one direction through the plant in a uniform laminar flow, the opportunities for sedimentation in the raceway are optimal. This is difficult to achieve at sea because of waves and currents affecting floating facilities. The best result of the sedimentation is obtained by using a process comprising the steps described below.
  • the first step is to feed the fish with feed having coagulants and / or flocculants added.
  • guar gum and alginate are natural products where guar gum is a linear polysaccharide extracted from Indian cluster beans, while alginate is extracted from brown algae (Brinker et al 2005).
  • Second step is to provide a smooth flow of water into the raceway 4, where the flow is large enough to provide sufficient oxygen and small enough to allow for sedimentation of residues and feces at the bottom of the raceway.
  • a typical speed in a 100 meter long raceway with a diameter of 14 meters will be about 0.07 m / s.
  • the water will be in the raceway approx half an hour and this gives enough time for a fair amount of the solids to precipitate.
  • the third step is to continuously remove sedimented sludge from the bottom of the raceway through sludge collection means 12 as previously described.
  • the fourth step is to pump precipitated sludge removed from the bottom of the raceway to the sedimentation tank, while the fifth step is to pump sludge that has been processed in the sedimentation tank to the sludge depot. For these pumping operations it may be
  • the separator may be a separator or mesh that prevents the fish from swimming downstream of the separator. There, the water can be treated without having to pay attention to the fish. For example, coagulants or flocculants may be added and sludge collection means of the same type as in the raceways may be added to the cleaning basin.
  • An added bonus of the fish farm according to the invention is that the increased degree of control of the water the fish swim in allows for a much greater degree of accuracy in measuring parameters that are of interest to fish health and fish farming. This is also on a much larger scale than traditional land-based plants. Furthermore, medication and processing of fish is more controlled and easier compared to net cage operations. It is also relatively easy to scale up the purification of the water from the water outlet pipes because the water come out of pipes and are not mixed with seawater in the first place.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système pour minimiser la consommation d'énergie et maximiser la sédimentation et fournir suffisamment d'oxygène en utilisant l'eau de mer naturelle. La ferme piscicole est basée sur un sol solide et comprend un bassin fermé (1) avec des bassins d'élevage (4) parallèles étanches à l'eau séparés, chaque bassin d'élevage comprenant un tuyau d'admission d'eau (2) ayant au moins une barrière d'échappement (16) reliée à une entrée (5) de la ferme piscicole et ayant au moins une unité d'écoulement (17). Chaque bassin d'élevage comprend en outre un tuyau de sortie d'eau (3) ayant au moins une barrière d'échappement reliée à une extrémité de sortie opposée (6) du bassin d'élevage, la sortie ayant une aire de section transversale égale à celle du tuyau d'entrée et ayant au moins une unité d'écoulement (17). La ferme piscicole comprend en outre un moyen d'extraction des boues. Des tuyaux d'entrée et des tuyaux de sortie pour les bassins d'élevage comprennent respectivement une ouverture d'entrée et une ouverture de sortie situées à un niveau inférieur à la marée basse la plus basse, et un bord supérieur du bassin est positionné au-dessus de la marée haute la plus élevée. Le dimensionnement correct des tuyaux et des bassins d'élevage augmente la sédimentation tout en réduisant la consommation d'énergie.
PCT/NO2019/050284 2018-12-19 2019-12-19 Système permettant de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et de maximiser la sédimentation dans une ferme piscicole fermée WO2020130848A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20181637A NO20181637A1 (no) 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 System for å minimere energiforbruk og maksimere sedimentering i et lukket oppdrettsanlegg
NO20181637 2018-12-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020130848A1 true WO2020130848A1 (fr) 2020-06-25

Family

ID=71100706

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2019/050284 WO2020130848A1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2019-12-19 Système permettant de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et de maximiser la sédimentation dans une ferme piscicole fermée

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NO (1) NO20181637A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020130848A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044720A (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-08-30 Fast Arlo W Floating fish rearing system
NO911075L (no) * 1991-03-19 1992-09-21 Stroemsnes Akvakultur As V Ste Miljoedokkbasert fiskeoppdrettsanlegg.
WO2013048259A1 (fr) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-04 Preline Fishfarming System As Installation piscicole, module, procédé et utilisation
WO2017176125A1 (fr) * 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 Geir Nordahl-Pedersen Installation et procédé d'élevage de poissons

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20080014917A (ko) * 2008-01-18 2008-02-14 이광석 천연의 물이 수면위치보다 높은곳에 자연 유통되는 밀폐형양어, 양식 시스템.
NO332589B1 (no) * 2011-03-02 2012-11-12 Coast Innovation As Flytende lukket oppdrettsanlegg
NO20120105A1 (no) * 2012-01-31 2013-08-01 Vikene A Oppdrettsanlegg plassert inne i fjell og skraninger, berghammere som gar ned til sjokanten.

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4044720A (en) * 1976-03-29 1977-08-30 Fast Arlo W Floating fish rearing system
NO911075L (no) * 1991-03-19 1992-09-21 Stroemsnes Akvakultur As V Ste Miljoedokkbasert fiskeoppdrettsanlegg.
WO2013048259A1 (fr) * 2011-09-28 2013-04-04 Preline Fishfarming System As Installation piscicole, module, procédé et utilisation
WO2017176125A1 (fr) * 2016-04-07 2017-10-12 Geir Nordahl-Pedersen Installation et procédé d'élevage de poissons

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
GIGANTE SALMON, LANDANLEGG PA LILLE INDRE ROSØYA, RØDØY KOMMUNE NORDLAND. KONSEKVENSUTREDNJNG FOR SJØFUGL OG STRANDSONE» (AKVAPLAN - NIVA, 17 August 2018 (2018-08-17) *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20181637A1 (no) 2020-06-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104872048B (zh) 一种池塘鱼类水槽式集约化循环水养殖模式
CN109963463A (zh) 水处理或海洋动物养殖的浮动装置
US20240023524A1 (en) Efficient land-based fish farm
CN106614172A (zh) 沙栖水中生物养殖装置
CN205196728U (zh) 一种仿生态大鲵养殖设施
CN104891617B (zh) 一种浮式流水养殖水槽
CN207744589U (zh) 一种漂浮式池塘内循环流水鱼养殖水槽尾水处理系统
KR101549211B1 (ko) 어린 패류의 상향식 수류 실내사육장치
US11933010B2 (en) Method and device for treating cyanobacteria in water area based on biological competition principle
Marzano et al. Costly display or economic investment? A quantitative approach to the study of marine aquaculture
WO2020130848A1 (fr) Système permettant de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et de maximiser la sédimentation dans une ferme piscicole fermée
CN206533933U (zh) 抗风浪双网壁密闭型网箱
JP5913717B1 (ja) 砂地生息水中生物の養殖装置
US20210227803A1 (en) Marine farming system
CN206118824U (zh) 一种倾斜式跑道型养殖系统
CN217446286U (zh) 一种鱼蚌混养池塘排污系统
CN209359353U (zh) 一种鳟鱼生态养殖系统
CN203801497U (zh) 一种洛氏鱥受精卵大规模孵化的装置
CN219305745U (zh) 一种鱼苗下车投放结构
CN221228504U (en) Juvenile salmon culture pond and juvenile salmon culture system
CN213623723U (zh) 一种嵌入式陆基圆形池的尾水排放及处理系统
CN219019943U (zh) 一种适用于海上大黄鱼繁育平台的生物饵料生产装置
CN205865664U (zh) 一种银鲳养殖池去油膜装置
BG2658U1 (bg) Инсталация за преработване на отпадни от храненето на риба, с екструдирани фуражи, неорганични и орга­ нични вещества
CN203723257U (zh) 一种浅水贝类养殖装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
DPE2 Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 19898060

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 19898060

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1