WO2020126193A1 - Capteur de particules et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Capteur de particules et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020126193A1
WO2020126193A1 PCT/EP2019/080351 EP2019080351W WO2020126193A1 WO 2020126193 A1 WO2020126193 A1 WO 2020126193A1 EP 2019080351 W EP2019080351 W EP 2019080351W WO 2020126193 A1 WO2020126193 A1 WO 2020126193A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particle
sensor
deflection
particles
charged particles
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/080351
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Radoslav Rusanov
Simon Schneider
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP19800988.8A priority Critical patent/EP3899481A1/fr
Publication of WO2020126193A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020126193A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M15/00—Testing of engines
    • G01M15/04—Testing internal-combustion engines
    • G01M15/10—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame
    • G01M15/102—Testing internal-combustion engines by monitoring exhaust gases or combustion flame by monitoring exhaust gases
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0266—Investigating particle size or size distribution with electrical classification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/62—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode
    • G01N27/68—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas
    • G01N27/70—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating the ionisation of gases, e.g. aerosols; by investigating electric discharges, e.g. emission of cathode using electric discharge to ionise a gas and measuring current or voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
    • F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream.
  • the disclosure further relates to a method for producing a
  • Particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream.
  • Preferred embodiments relate to a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream, one with respect to a flow direction of the fluid stream downstream of the
  • Particle charging device arranged particle deflection device for influencing the trajectories of charged particles, and one with respect to the flow direction downstream of the particle deflection device
  • the sensor device for recording information about charged particles, the sensor device having a sensitivity to the charged particles which is dependent on the trajectory of the respective charged particle in the area of the sensor device.
  • a mechanism counteracting this effect can be provided in an effective chain of the particle sensor by the combination of features mentioned above, so that an influence of the
  • Particle size can be reduced to the measurement signal of the sensor device or completely suppressed.
  • Sensor device has a sensitivity to the electrical charge of the charged particles, which is dependent on the trajectory of the respective charged particle in the area of the sensor device.
  • Exercise sensor device or its sensing electrode, which can be detected and also evaluated in further preferred embodiments.
  • the fluid flow can be an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine.
  • the particles can be soot particles, such as those that arise during the combustion of fuel by an internal combustion engine.
  • the principle according to the embodiments can be used both for sensing particles formed as solids (e.g. soot particles, such as those contained in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine) and for sensing e.g. liquid particles (e.g. aerosol) can be used.
  • a guide device for guiding the fluid flow along components of the particle sensor can be provided, for example a hollow cylindrical one
  • trained guide element e.g. a pipe.
  • Particle deflection device is designed to move the charged particles at least in one of the flow direction
  • Deflection direction is perpendicular to the flow direction. This enables a particularly efficient influencing of the movement of the charged particles.
  • Particle deflection device is designed to generate a homogeneous electric field at least in regions, the field lines of which are parallel to the deflection direction.
  • Particle deflection device is designed to a degree of
  • Sensor device has a sensitivity to the charged particles, which is dependent on a position of the trajectory of the respective charged particle along the deflection direction, or a location-dependent
  • Sensor device has at least one sensing electrode.
  • Electrode surface of the sensing electrode has a triangular shape, in particular the shape of a right-angled triangle.
  • Electrode surface of the sensing electrode has a shape which is delimited by two mutually orthogonal sections and a curve section, the course of which is proportional to 1 / y 2 , where y represents a coordinate corresponding to the deflection direction, the coordinate axis being collinear with one of the sections.
  • Sensor device has at least one aperture.
  • selectively charged particles can be removed from the fluid stream with special trajectories, in particular before they pass through the sensor device, as a result of which the removed particles are no longer used as a basis for the measurement by the sensor device.
  • the sensor device has at least one aperture.
  • Particle deflection device deflected particles are intercepted by means of the aperture before they reach the sensor device, so that this
  • Sensing electrode has a segmentation into several partial areas, one or more of the partial areas, in particular optionally, can be interconnected.
  • Further preferred embodiments relate to a method for producing a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream, the method comprising the following steps: Providing a downstream of the particle charging device with respect to a flow direction of the fluid stream
  • Particle deflection device for influencing the trajectories of charged particles, and providing a sensor device arranged downstream of the particle deflection device with respect to the flow direction
  • the Sensor device has a sensitivity to the charged particles, which is dependent on the trajectory of the respective charged particle in the area of the sensor device.
  • Further preferred embodiments relate to the use of the particle sensor according to the embodiments for determining a variable characterizing a number of particles in the fluid flow, in particular for determining a particle number density, in particular in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a side view of a particle sensor according to
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a side view of a particle sensor according to further preferred embodiments
  • 3B, 3C each schematically an electrode geometry according to another
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a simplified flow diagram according to others
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a side view of a particle sensor 100 according to preferred embodiments.
  • the particle sensor 100 has one
  • the particle charging device 110 for electrically charging particles P in a fluid flow A1, whereby charged particles P 'are obtained.
  • the particle charging device 1 10 has a corona electrode 1 12 for generating a corona discharge 1 13, by means of which ions can be generated, through which the particles P can be charged.
  • Particle charging device 110 also have a different type of device for ion generation.
  • the ions generated by the corona discharge 113 electrically charge the particles P in the fluid stream A1, either within the electric field of the corona electrode 1 13, e.g. on their way to an optional counter electrode 1 12 ', and / or diffusively, outside the field region 114 of the corona electrode 113.
  • the particle sensor 100 further has a flow direction x of the fluid flow A1 downstream of the particle charging device 110
  • Measurement signal of the sensor device 130 can be reduced or completely suppressed.
  • Sensor device 130 works according to the principle of influence, with charged particles P 'moving past sensor device 130 or a sensing electrode (not shown in FIG. 1) of sensor device 130
  • Influence the sensor device 130 or its sensing electrode which can be detected and, in further preferred embodiments, also evaluated.
  • the fluid flow A1 can be an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine.
  • the particles P can be soot particles, such as those produced in the course of combustion of fuel by an internal combustion engine.
  • the principle according to the embodiments can be used both for sensing particles formed as solids (e.g. soot particles, such as those contained in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine) and for sensing e.g. liquid particles (e.g. aerosol) can be used.
  • At least some components 1 10, 1 12, 1 12 ′′, 120, 130 of the particle sensor 100 are arranged on a surface 102 a of a carrier element 102, which is designed, for example, as a preferably planar ceramic substrate.
  • Particle deflection device 120 is designed to influence a movement of the charged particles P 'at least in a deflection direction y different from the flow direction x, the deflection direction y in particular being perpendicular to the flow direction x. This enables a particularly efficient influencing of the movement of the charged particles P '.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a side view of a particle sensor 100a according to further preferred embodiments.
  • a particle stream AT having the particles P is fed to the particle sensor 100a in FIG. 2 from the left.
  • a Ion source 1 10 'generates ions I (here also schematically illustrated by the sign “+”, but not limited to a positive electrical charge) for charging the particles P, as a result of which the charged particles P ′ are obtained in the charging region 1 14 first move further to the right in accordance with the flow direction x in FIG. 2, where they reach the particle deflection device 120.
  • ions I here also schematically illustrated by the sign “+”, but not limited to a positive electrical charge
  • the charged particles P ′, P1, P2 are deflected to different extents by the particle deflection device 120, in particular in accordance with their diameter-charge ratio, cf. the different trajectories T1, T2.
  • Particle deflection device 120 is designed, at least
  • the sensor device 130 detects the charged particles P1, P2 by means of its sensing electrode 132 on the basis of the mirror charge (influence effect) which arises from particles located in its region B, in particular above it.
  • Sensor device 130 has a sensitivity to the charged particles P ′, P1, P2, which is location-dependent or depends on a position of the trajectory T1, T2 of the respective charged particle along the deflection direction y. This ensures that depending on the position of the trajectory T1, T2 of a particle - viewed along the deflection direction y - the charged is detected
  • charged particles P1, P2 deflected to different degrees can thus be detected differently by “good” (ie, with different sensitivity with regard to the charge of the particle) by the sensor device 130.
  • good ie, with different sensitivity with regard to the charge of the particle
  • Sensor device 130 has at least one sensing electrode 132 on which the described influence of the charged particles P1, P2 takes place.
  • a differential surface element dA, dA 'of the electrode surface EF1 of the at least one sensing electrode 132 along the deflection direction y depends on a position along the deflection direction.
  • the differential area element dA which is arranged between the coordinates yO, y1 of a coordinate axis corresponding to the deflection direction y, has a different size (area) than the further differential area element dA ', which lies between the coordinates y1, y2 of the Deflection direction y corresponding coordinate axis is arranged.
  • the further differential area element dA enables a stronger interaction with charged particles in the area dA ′ of the electrode area assigned to it (in relation to a movement of the particles along the flow direction x) than e.g. is the case with the differential area element dA.
  • lighter charged particles P2 which are more deflected by the particle deflection device 120 (trajectory T2), than heavier charged particles P1
  • Electrode surface EF1 of the sensing electrode 132 are moved, whereas the heavier charged particles P1 are moved into the less “charge sensitive” areas dA of the electrode surface EF1 of the sensing electrode 132.
  • the electrode surface EF1 of the sensing electrode 132 is designed in accordance with further preferred embodiments (here “linear”, cf. the width of the electrode surface EF1 that increases vertically downward in FIG. 3A) such that less strongly deflected particles P1 remain above it for a shorter time and related to their charge less to the measurement signal (e.g. characterized by a
  • Time integral over the charge influenced in the sensing electrode 132) of the sensor device 130 contribute as more strongly deflected particles.
  • Electrode surface EF1 of the sensing electrode 132 has a triangular shape, in particular the shape of a right-angled triangle, as described above with reference to FIG. 3A.
  • the electrode surface EF2 of the sensing electrode 132 (FIG. 2) has a shape which is delimited by two mutually orthogonal sections S1, S2 (FIG. 3B) and a curve section C1, the course of which is proportional to 1 / y is 2 , the parameter y representing a position on a coordinate axis y which is collinear with one of the lines, in the present case with the line S1.
  • the horizontal extent of the electrode surface EF2 in FIG. 3B decreases with increasing values y according to 1 / y 2 .
  • the sensing electrode 132 has a segmentation into a plurality of partial areas 132a, 132b,..., 132i, one or more of the partial areas, in particular optionally, being interconnectable in order to collectively result
  • Embodiments are dynamically set (during operation of the particle sensor) different resulting electrode shapes, which e.g. also have a location-dependent sensitivity.
  • Subareas 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d, 132e, 132g are interconnected and used as an electrode area, the further subareas 132f, 132h, 132i being at least temporarily not used. This will be an effective one
  • the measurement signal of the electrodes decreases when the charged particles are at a greater distance from the electrode surface.
  • Particle deflection device 120 (FIG. 1) is designed to change a degree of influencing the movement of the charged particles P1, P2, P ', in particular dynamically, ie during the operation of the particle sensor 100, 100a, in the case of the generation of the generally homogeneous electric field 122 (FIG. 2), for example by specifying the electric field strength.
  • Sensor device 100a, cf. 2, (and / or the particle deflection device 120) has at least one aperture 140.
  • selectively charged particles with special trajectories T2 can be removed from the fluid stream A1 ', in particular before they pass through the sensing electrode 132 of the sensor device 130, as a result of which the removed particles are no longer used as a basis for the measurement by the sensor device.
  • the sensor device 100a, cf. 2 (and / or the particle deflection device 120) has at least one aperture 140.
  • Particle deflection device 120 deflected particles P2 are intercepted by means of the aperture 140 before they reach the sensor device, so that these particles, which are deflected comparatively strongly by the particle deflection device, are no longer taken into account in a measurement.
  • the degree of influencing the movement of the charged particles P1, P2, P ' can be changed as already described, as a result of which it is also possible to control which particles - given the geometry and / or arrangement of the diaphragm 140 - through the diaphragm from the Fluid flow A1 'are removable.
  • cf. the simplified flow diagram of FIG. 4 relate to a method for producing a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in one
  • Fluid flow comprising the following steps: providing 200 a particle deflection device arranged downstream of the particle charging device with respect to a flow direction of the fluid flow for influencing the trajectories of charged particles, and providing 202 one downstream with respect to the flow direction
  • Particle deflection device arranged sensor device for recording information about charged particles, the sensor device having a sensitivity to the charged particles, which is dependent on the trajectory of the respective charged particle in the area of the sensor device. Further preferred embodiments relate to the use of the particle sensor according to the embodiments for determining a one
  • the particle sensor according to the embodiments can e.g. for particle filters for spark ignited and
  • the self-igniting internal combustion engine can be used, e.g. for OBD (on board diagnosis) procedure.
  • OBD on board diagnosis
  • the use of the particle sensor according to the embodiments is possible in any other application in which a particle / aerosol concentration e.g. to be measured in a gas.
  • the sensing electrode consists of different sub-segments at least along the deflection direction y, as shown in FIG. 3C.
  • the sub-segments can also be arranged in addition to the y arrangement along the x direction in order to differentiate the sensitivity to reach. For example, for a higher sensitivity at a position y, several segments can be switched on (or connected together).
  • this may be a matrix arrangement, e.g. similar to Fig. 3C, but also a non-square matrix
  • Sensor device 130 has a location-dependent sensitivity with regard to the charge of the particles, in particular has a variable sensitivity along the deflection direction y, as already described above with reference to FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B. This advantageously ensures that a deflection effect on the particles can also have an effect on the signal of the sensor device.
  • variable sensitivity of the sensor device 130 along the deflection direction y alternatively or in addition to the specification of the shape of the electrode surface EF1, EF2 of its sensing electrode 130 by means of a corresponding circuitry and / or geometric arrangement, such as the distance to the fluid flow A1, A1 'is realized. This also advantageously ensures that a deflection effect on the particles can also have an effect on the signal of the sensor device.
  • the electrode geometry of the sensing electrode 132 (FIG. 2) can be known if the present one is known
  • Charging mechanism for the particles P can be selected accordingly and thus e.g. a sensor signal S can be realized, which is no longer from the
  • Particle size but only depends on the particle number density.
  • the electrode arrangement can be dynamically adapted, e.g. if the charging mechanism changes during operation, e.g. when modifying the corona tension.
  • the sensing electrode 132 (FIG. 2) can consist of several switchable segments, cf. Figure 3C.
  • a matrix arrangement of electrode (partial) surfaces (FIG. 3C), an effective electrode surface of any shape can be approximated by appropriate wiring. This allows the sensor behavior to be adjusted during operation.
  • a further possibility according to further preferred embodiments to make the sensitivity of the sensor device 130 dependent on the deflection (trajectories T1, T2) of the charged particles P ′, P1, P2 is to use an aperture 140, cf. Fig. 2.
  • Sensing electrode 132 instead of the present with reference to FIGS. 2, 3A, 3B, the planar shape depicted by way of example can also be non-planar, for example in the form of a ring (for example similar to an outer surface of a circular cylinder).
  • the variants described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 apply correspondingly to such embodiments.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Capteur de particules comprenant un dispositif servant à charger des particules dans un écoulement de fluide, un dispositif de déviation de particules disposé en aval du dispositif de charge de particules par rapport à un sens d'écoulement du fluide et servant à influer sur la trajectoire des particules chargées, et un dispositif de détection disposé en aval du dispositif de déviation de particules par rapport au sens d'écoulement du fluide et servant à détecter des informations sur les particules chargées, le dispositif de détection présentant une sensibilité par rapport aux particules chargées qui dépend de la trajectoire de la particule chargée respective dans la région du dispositif de détection.
PCT/EP2019/080351 2018-12-20 2019-11-06 Capteur de particules et son procédé de fabrication WO2020126193A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19800988.8A EP3899481A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-11-06 Capteur de particules et son procédé de fabrication

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018222541.9A DE102018222541A1 (de) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Partikelsensor und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür
DE102018222541.9 2018-12-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020126193A1 true WO2020126193A1 (fr) 2020-06-25

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PCT/EP2019/080351 WO2020126193A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-11-06 Capteur de particules et son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP3899481A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102018222541A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020126193A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008009494A1 (de) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-27 Fachhochschule Dortmund Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der Konzentration und/oder der Größenverteilung von elektrisch geladenen Partikeln in Gasströmen, insbesondere von Rußpartikeln in Dieselabgasen
DE102017207800A1 (de) * 2017-05-09 2018-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Partikelsensor
DE102017208849A1 (de) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Partikelsensor und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008009494A1 (de) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-27 Fachhochschule Dortmund Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der Konzentration und/oder der Größenverteilung von elektrisch geladenen Partikeln in Gasströmen, insbesondere von Rußpartikeln in Dieselabgasen
DE102017207800A1 (de) * 2017-05-09 2018-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Partikelsensor
DE102017208849A1 (de) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Robert Bosch Gmbh Partikelsensor und Herstellungsverfahren hierfür

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BILBY DAVID ET AL: "Current amplification in an electrostatic trap by soot dendrite growth and fragmentation: Application to soot sensors", JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 98, 21 April 2016 (2016-04-21), pages 41 - 58, XP029564782, ISSN: 0021-8502, DOI: 10.1016/J.JAEROSCI.2016.03.003 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3899481A1 (fr) 2021-10-27
DE102018222541A1 (de) 2020-06-25

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