WO2020094335A1 - Capteur de particules et procédé pour le faire fonctionner - Google Patents

Capteur de particules et procédé pour le faire fonctionner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020094335A1
WO2020094335A1 PCT/EP2019/077698 EP2019077698W WO2020094335A1 WO 2020094335 A1 WO2020094335 A1 WO 2020094335A1 EP 2019077698 W EP2019077698 W EP 2019077698W WO 2020094335 A1 WO2020094335 A1 WO 2020094335A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
particle
particle sensor
control device
corona
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/077698
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andy Tiefenbach
Christopher Henrik SCHITTENHELM
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP19787230.2A priority Critical patent/EP3877746A1/fr
Publication of WO2020094335A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020094335A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/38—Particle charging or ionising stations, e.g. using electric discharge, radioactive radiation or flames
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1466—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being a soot concentration or content
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0266—Investigating particle size or size distribution with electrical classification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/06—Ionising electrode being a needle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/24—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for measuring or calculating parameters, efficiency, etc.
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/30—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation for use in or with vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/28—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a plasma reactor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/05—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a particulate sensor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0038—Investigating nanoparticles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N2015/0042—Investigating dispersion of solids
    • G01N2015/0046—Investigating dispersion of solids in gas, e.g. smoke
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream flowing in the area of the particle sensor.
  • the disclosure further relates to an operating method for such a particle sensor.
  • Preferred embodiments relate to a particle sensor with a particle charging device for charging particles in a fluid stream flowing in the area of the particle sensor, the particle charging device having at least one corona electrode for generating a corona discharge, the particle sensor having a control device which is designed to do this to apply at least one corona electrode with a variable electrical potential. This advantageously provides the possibility of using different particle charging devices
  • Operating states of a target system for the particle sensor e.g. a
  • Exhaust system of an internal combustion engine can be adapted or a measurement accuracy of the particle sensor can be increased.
  • the fluid flow can be an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the particles are soot particles, such as those generated in the course of combustion of fuel by an internal combustion engine.
  • the particle sensor has a
  • Base body or a substrate element is particularly preferred
  • Base body formed from an essentially planar ceramic substrate.
  • the base body can, for example, be essentially cuboid
  • the particle charging device is preferably on a first one
  • Particle charger by generating a corona discharge an electrical charge of particles or particles in general, e.g. also of gases from the fluid flow or exhaust gas flow in a room around the
  • Corona electrode On the one hand, particles are charged directly when flowing through a space in the area of the first surface in which the corona discharge takes place. On the other hand, particles are charged via charged particles of the gas or exhaust gas stream, the gas or exhaust gas stream being charged directly when flowing through the space in the region of the high-voltage electrode. Overall, this improves the effectiveness of the charging.
  • the corona electrode has at least one needle-shaped area or tip.
  • the particle charging device has a counter electrode to the corona electrode.
  • a counter electrode is understood to mean an electrode which is different from the corona electrode and which can be acted upon with a different electrical potential with respect to the corona electrode.
  • the counter electrode to the corona electrode can be connected to a reference potential, such as a ground potential, for example, or it can be fixed to a reference potential
  • the corona electrode can have a positive or negative electrical potential applied to the counter electrode.
  • the counterelectrode is particularly preferably likewise arranged on the first surface, which results in a particularly simple construction and efficient manufacture of the particle sensor.
  • the counter electrode is particularly preferably completely on the first
  • Particle charger at least one further electrode, e.g. has the counter-electrode to the corona electrode already mentioned above, the control device being designed to carry out the at least one
  • Corona electrode and the at least one further electrode e.g.
  • corona tension hereinafter also referred to as "corona tension”.
  • Control device is designed to change a polarity of the changeable electrical potential and / or the changeable electrical voltage. This results in further degrees of freedom for the operation of the particle sensor.
  • Control device is designed to receive first data from at least one external unit and to change the electrical potential or the electrical voltage, in particular corona voltage, as a function of the first data.
  • the external unit can be a control unit of an internal combustion engine, in whose exhaust system the particle sensor is used.
  • the particle sensor has at least one sensor electrode
  • Control device is designed to evaluate a signal from the sensor electrode, and / or wherein the particle sensor has at least one ion trap, in particular in the form of a trapezoidal electrode, the control device being designed to provide the ion trap with a predeterminable (possibly also temporally variable) electrical potential or to apply a predeterminable electrical voltage.
  • the control device can advantageously simultaneously provide a changeable corona voltage or one effect the corresponding changeable potential for the corona electrode and evaluate the other parameters of the particle sensor mentioned or
  • Control device is designed to act on the corona electrode at least temporarily with a DC voltage of different magnitude, for example in the form of a stepped DC voltage, with a respective amount corresponding to a step of the stepped DC voltage
  • DC voltage is set for a predeterminable time, and in further preferred embodiments the same or different predefinable times can be provided for different DC voltage levels.
  • Control device is designed to act on the corona electrode at least temporarily with a voltage which changes at least approximately linearly over time.
  • a desired gradient (measure of the change in voltage over time) can be set.
  • Control device is designed to apply a pulsed voltage to the corona electrode at least temporarily.
  • the particle charging device At least one
  • Corona electrode for generating a corona discharge
  • the particle sensor having a control device, wherein the control device acts on the at least one corona electrode with a variable electrical potential.
  • Particle charging device has at least one further electrode, the control device acting on the at least one corona electrode and the at least one further electrode with a variable electrical voltage.
  • Control device receives first data from at least one external unit and changes the electrical potential or the corona voltage depending on the first data.
  • Further preferred embodiments relate to the use of at least one particle sensor according to the embodiments and / or at least one method according to the embodiments for determining a number of particles of different sizes in the fluid flow.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a side view of a first embodiment of the particle sensor according to the invention
  • FIG. 13 schematically shows a simplified flow diagram of a method according to further preferred embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a side view of a first embodiment of the particle sensor 100 according to the invention.
  • the particle sensor 100 has a preferably planar base body 102, which is formed, for example, by a substrate made of an electrically non-conductive material, such as, for example
  • the base body 102 has a vertical thickness in FIG. 1, which is preferably smaller, in particular significantly smaller (for example by at least approximately 80% smaller) than a length extending along the x-axis and smaller than one perpendicular in FIG. 1 Ready area extending to the drawing plane.
  • the particle sensor 100 has a particle charging device 110
  • Particle charger 110 has at least one corona electrode 1 12 for generating a corona discharge C. Furthermore, the particle sensor 100 has a control device 120 which is designed to apply a variable electrical potential to the at least one corona electrode 112, cf. the supply line 121a. This advantageously provides the possibility of operating the particle charging device 110 at least at times with different corona voltages Uc, as a result of which charging of particles can be influenced. In this way, the operation of the particle charging device 110 or the particle sensor 100 can advantageously be based on different operating states of a target system for the
  • Particle sensor 100 e.g. an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine
  • Particle sensor 100 can be adapted or a measurement accuracy of the particle sensor 100 can be increased.
  • the fluid flow A1 can be an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.
  • the particles can be soot particles, such as those that arise during the combustion of fuel by an internal combustion engine.
  • Particle charger 110 by generating the corona discharge C an electrical charge of particles or generally particles, e.g. also of gases from the fluid flow A1 or exhaust gas flow in a room around the corona discharge C
  • particles are directly at the Flowing through a space located in the area of the surface 102a in which the corona discharge C takes place.
  • particles are charged via charged particles of the gas or exhaust gas stream A1, the gas or exhaust gas stream A1 being charged directly when flowing through the space in the region of the high-voltage electrode 1 12. Overall, this improves the effectiveness of the charging.
  • a preferred one
  • the corona electrode 1 12 has at least one needle-shaped area or tip 1 12 ′.
  • the particle charging device 110 has an optional counter electrode 114 to the corona electrode 112.
  • a counter electrode is understood to mean an electrode which is different from the corona electrode 112 and which can be acted upon with a different electrical potential with respect to the corona electrode 112, cf. the optional supply line 121 b.
  • the counter electrode 114 to the corona electrode 112 can have a reference potential such as, for example
  • Ground potential are set or be firmly connected to a circuit node having the reference potential.
  • the corona electrode 1 12 can be acted upon by the control device 120 at least temporarily with a positive or negative electrical potential with respect to the counter electrode.
  • the counterelectrode 114 is also particularly preferably arranged on the surface 102a, which results in a particularly simple construction and efficient manufacture of the particle sensor 100.
  • Particle charger at least one further electrode, e.g. the above-mentioned counter electrode 1 14 to the corona electrode 112, wherein the control device 120 is designed to control the at least one corona electrode 1 12 and the at least one further electrode 1 14 (for example counter electrode) with a variable electrical voltage Uc, which also below is referred to as "corona tension".
  • the control device 120 is designed to control the at least one corona electrode 1 12 and the at least one further electrode 1 14 (for example counter electrode) with a variable electrical voltage Uc, which also below is referred to as "corona tension".
  • Control device 120 is designed to polarity of the changeable electrical potential and / or the changeable electrical voltage Uc to change. This results in further degrees of freedom for the operation of the particle sensor 100.
  • Control device 120 is designed to receive first data D1 from at least one optional external unit 200 and to change the electrical potential or the electrical voltage Uc as a function of the first data D1.
  • the external unit 200 may be one
  • Act control unit of an internal combustion engine in whose exhaust system the particle sensor 100 is used.
  • Control device 120 and external unit 200 can be implemented, for example, via a CAN bus and / or a comparable data connection.
  • Particle sensor 100 has at least one optional sensor electrode 130, the control device 120 in particular being designed to evaluate a signal S1 from the sensor electrode 130, for example in order to determine a number and / or concentration of particles (in particular charged by means of the particle charging device 110).
  • the control device 120 in particular being designed to evaluate a signal S1 from the sensor electrode 130, for example in order to determine a number and / or concentration of particles (in particular charged by means of the particle charging device 110).
  • the at least one is preferred
  • Sensor electrode 130 is also arranged on the surface 102a of the substrate 102.
  • Particle sensor 100 has at least one optional ion trap 140, in particular in the form of a trapezoidal electrode, the control device 120 in particular being designed to apply a predeterminable electrical potential or a predeterminable electrical voltage to the ion trap 140.
  • the optional trapezoidal electrode 140 is provided for deflecting charged particles of the fluid flow A1, which, for example, by means of the
  • Particle charger 1 10 have been generated further upstream with respect to fluid flow A1.
  • trapezoidal electrode 140 For example, trapezoidal electrode 140,
  • Fluid flow A1 are deflected or "captured” so that it does not close of the optional sensor electrode 130 arranged further downstream.
  • control device 120 can advantageously provide a
  • the sensor electrode 130 is provided for acquiring information S1 about an electrical charge current, which is caused by charged particles from the fluid flow A1.
  • these can be particles which have been electrically charged further upstream with respect to the fluid flow A1 by means of the particle charging device 110 or by means of the corona discharge C generated by them.
  • the sensor electrode 130 enables e.g. by means of a measurement of the charge influence caused by the
  • Charged particles flowing past sensor electrode 130 is effected, the determination of a concentration of the charged particles in the fluid stream A1.
  • the fluid flow A1 can be an exhaust gas flow from an internal combustion engine (not shown).
  • the particles can be soot particles, such as those that arise during the combustion of fuel by an internal combustion engine.
  • the so-called “escaping current” principle can be used to measure a charge current of the charged particles.
  • the complete system containing the particle sensor 100 can preferably be isolated from the outside (in particular, this makes the counter electrode 1 14 of the corona electrode 1 12 and any optional counter electrode for the trapeze electrode “virtual”), and an electrical current is measured , which the charged particles in the form of their electrical charge from the otherwise electrically isolated and therefore Remove the closed System 100.
  • the electrical current under consideration flows from the corona electrode 112 through the corona discharge C into the counter electrode 114, and the trapeze electrode 140 or its counter electrode, not shown here, traps the remaining ions.
  • the current generated by the charged particles must be added to the counter electrode 114 again so that its electrical potential remains constant. It is known as the "escaping current” and is a measure of the concentration of charged particles.
  • an electrically conductive element (not shown) can be used as the counter electrode for the trapeze electrode 140.
  • a metal sheet can be provided, which is arranged (against) above the surface 102a.
  • a protective tube surrounding the particle sensor 100 (not shown in FIG. 1) made of an electrically conductive material or with an electrically conductive surface which is present at least in sections serves as a counter electrode for the optional trapeze electrode 130.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows the arrangement of the particle sensor 100 according to FIG. 1 in a target system Z, which in the present case is an exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine, for example a motor vehicle.
  • a target system Z which in the present case is an exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine, for example a motor vehicle.
  • Exhaust gas flow is designated in the present case with the reference symbol A2. Also shown is a protective tube arrangement composed of two tubes R1, R2 arranged concentrically to one another, the particle sensor 100 being arranged in the inner tube R1 in such a way that its surface 102a runs essentially parallel to a longitudinal axis LA of the inner tube R1. Due to the
  • Exhaust gas flow A2 causes a fluid flow P1 or A1 out of the inner tube R1 in FIG. 2 in the vertical direction upwards.
  • the further arrows P2, P3, P4 indicate the continuation of this fluid flow caused by the Venturi effect through an intermediate space between the two tubes R1, R2 to the surroundings of the protective tube arrangement.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 2 results in a comparatively uniform overflow of the particle sensor 100 or its first surface 102a aligned along the fluid flow A1, which enables efficient detection of particles located in the fluid flow A1, P1.
  • the particle sensor 100 is protected from direct contact with the main exhaust gas stream A2.
  • the elements 100, R1, R2 thus advantageously provide a sensor device 1000 for determining a particle concentration in the exhaust gas A2.
  • the reference symbol R2 indicates an optional electrical connection of the outer tube R2 and / or the inner tube R1 with a reference potential such as, for example, the ground potential, so that the tube or both tubes in question advantageously simultaneously with their fluidic conducting function as an electrical counterelectrode, for example for the optional one Trapel electrode 130 (and / or for the corona electrode 112), see FIG. 1, can be used.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows an exhaust pipe R and parts of the sensor device 1000 according to FIG. 2 in the exhaust pipe R.
  • FIG. 3 again shows the particle sensor 100 within the protective pipe arrangement R1, R2 (FIG. 2).
  • the particle sensor 100 is thus in the protective tube arrangement
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows a further preferred configuration in which the arrangement of the corona needle 112 'on a ceramic carrier 102 can be seen, as well as the protective tubes R2, R3 already described above with reference to FIG. 2.
  • a holder 1002 is provided on the left in FIG. 4, to which the protective tubes R2, R3 and the carrier 102 can be fastened.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a further preferred configuration. Visible is the exhaust pipe R with particles P in the exhaust gas flow A1, the particle sensor 100, and in the present case by means of a data connection (e.g. connecting lines) 121 with the particle sensor 100 or with at least one of its components 110,
  • a data connection e.g. connecting lines
  • control device 120 can also be seen by means of a CAN bus connection 122 with the
  • Control unit 200a connected, which is, for example, a control unit of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, which generates the exhaust gas flow A1.
  • Control device 120 (FIG. 1) is designed to at least temporarily apply a different amount of DC voltage to the corona electrode 112, for example in the form of a stepped DC voltage, cf. Curve K1 from FIG. 6, wherein a respective amount of the DC voltage corresponding to a step Uo, Ui, U2, U3, U 4 of the stepped DC voltage K1 is set for a predeterminable time, with others being preferred
  • Embodiments for different DC voltage levels Uo, Ui, U2, U3, U 4 the same (as shown by way of example in FIG. 6) or different (not shown) predeterminable times T01, T12, T23, T34 can be provided.
  • the polarity of the corona voltage Uc can also be changed, cf. e.g. curve K2 from FIG. 7, in which the gradation described above with reference to FIG. 6 is combined with a change in polarity.
  • Control device 120 (FIG. 1) is designed to act upon corona electrode 112 at least temporarily with a voltage that changes at least approximately linearly over time, cf. e.g. Curve K3 from FIG. 8.
  • a desired gradient (measure of the change in voltage over time, “steepness”) can be set, in particular also varied over time, cf. the
  • Control device 120 is designed to apply a pulsed voltage to the corona electrode 1 12 (FIG. 1) at least temporarily, cf. Curve K4 from FIG. 9.
  • An amount (and / or a polarity) of the voltage for the respective pulses p01, p02, p03 can be specified, for example, as a function of a respective operating point of the exhaust system or of the internal combustion engine containing the particle sensor 100 and by the control device 120 can be set.
  • FIG. 10 shows, by way of example, a further chronological course of the corona voltage predetermined by the control device 120, cf. Curve K5, in which depending on different operating points (eg signaled by the external unit 200 (FIG. 1) using the data D1) a sawtooth
  • Voltage profile with different gradients is given in certain areas, cf. the different operating points BP1, BP2, BP3.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of a further chronological course of the corona voltage predetermined by the control device 120, cf. Curve K6, in which, depending on different operating phases BPH1, BPH2 (e.g. again signaled by the external unit 200 (FIG. 1) using the data D1), differently pulsed DC voltages are provided.
  • FIG. 12 shows a comparable embodiment with the two different ones
  • control device 120 applies a first electrical potential to the at least one corona electrode 112, and in the subsequent optional step 310, the control device 120 applies a second electrical potential to the at least one corona electrode 112, which is generated by the first potential is different.
  • FIG. 1 Further preferred embodiments relate to the use of at least one particle sensor 100 according to the embodiments and / or at least one method according to the embodiments for determining a number of particles of different sizes in the fluid stream A1 (FIG. 1).
  • the principle according to the embodiments advantageously enables a targeted variation of the corona voltage Uc, in particular when the particle sensor 100 is in operation, as a result of which a precision in determining a number or concentration of the particles can be increased compared to conventional systems.
  • the particle sensor 100 can e.g. be used to determine soot mass in the exhaust tract of an internal combustion engine, e.g. to
  • the particles P to be measured have different sizes in the range of e.g. a few nanometers (nm) to typically about 300 nm and carry different positive or negative, natural electrical charges or are neutral.
  • the collective of these particles P has a size distribution and a charge distribution which depend on many boundary conditions: from an operating point of the internal combustion engine which generates the exhaust gas stream A1, from an application of this internal combustion engine, from the type and operation of the exhaust gas aftertreatment components used, such as Catalysts on the exhaust side, for example are arranged in front of a particle filter, the aging of this entire facility and other points such as the ambient temperature.
  • Sub-areas i.e. defined sub-areas from the total area of the particle collective to be recorded, e.g. determine the number of small particles in the range from 1 nm to 23 nm or the range above from 23 nm to 40 nm, etc. This can advantageously be achieved by at least temporarily varying the corona voltage Uc or the electrical potential with which the corona electrode 112 is applied.
  • Embodiments e.g. a certain voltage profile can be specified in a controlled manner, cf. e.g. the exemplary curves K1, K2, K3 from Fig. 6, 7, 8, or it can even be dependent on predetermined boundary conditions e.g.
  • VCU vehicle control unit
  • Corona voltage Uc (Fig. 1) can be adjusted in height and / or polarity, particularly depending on e.g. of certain operating states BP1, BP2 (Fig.
  • This information can be signaled to the control device 120, for example, by means of the first data D1 (FIG. 1), which thereupon shows the height and / or polarity of the
  • Corona voltage Uc can set or change.
  • a selective, preferred electrical loading of the particles P (FIG. 5) as a function of the size / diameter / surface and pre-loading is made from the
  • Combustion process enables.
  • This defined variation in the electrical loading conditions enables the size distribution of the particles to be measured selectively in further preferred embodiments. This then makes it possible, for example, to determine the transmission behavior or the efficiency of a particle filter in a size-selective manner, which significantly improves
  • legislators could also set particle number limit values for internal combustion engines in a size-selective manner, for example, to require targeted monitoring of particularly harmful particles in a certain size window, i.e. a defined sub-area of the particle collective, in particular the small particles based on the available knowledge, e.g. by specifying a specific one Limit for that particular Size class.
  • Such monitoring can also be carried out efficiently using the principle according to the embodiments.
  • Determination of signals S1 by the measuring electrodes 130 takes place quickly (i.e. with a high measuring rate) or in real time, the corona voltage Uc preferably being varied during a phase of constant operating conditions of the exhaust gas stream A1 or of the vehicle generating the exhaust gas stream A1 or of the internal combustion engine , e.g. for recording e.g. 3 or more specific size classes from the collective, cf. for example curve K5 from FIG. 10.
  • Sensing electrodes 130 are then e.g. compared with results from a previous measurement under similar operating conditions or with corresponding values, e.g. are stored in a model, e.g. was determined for a limit filter.
  • the measuring time for a certain size class of particles can be extended, in particular during constant operating conditions, in order to increase the accuracy by averaging.
  • Fuel injection processes are realized, e.g. if in certain
  • a possible change in the transmission behavior of the particle filter in this size range can be ensured, for example by the evaluation the temporal behavior of the change.
  • Adaptation e.g. the combustion process parameters of the internal combustion engine are carried out in order to counteract this drift, that is to say to compensate for this.
  • an optional ion trap 140 placed downstream of the corona electrode 1 12, in which, if applicable, also a variation of the operating voltage at certain
  • a time profile of the potential of the corona electrode 112 or the corona voltage Uc can be specified, for example in accordance with a predefinable time pattern, that is to say in a controlled manner.
  • a coupling of the corona voltage Uc to current operating conditions of those generating the exhaust gas flow A1 can also be preferred
  • Engine control unit 200, 200a are provided in the form of the first data D1.
  • time ranges with constant operating conditions of the internal combustion engine are used in order to set successive voltage jumps of different magnitude and / or polarity for the corona voltage Uc during such time ranges (for example operating phase BPH1, BPH2 from FIG. 11), which means, for example, different size classes all particles P can be detected.
  • the length (duration) of the voltage jumps and their time intervals are specifically set.
  • the particle sensor 100 measures quasi in real time (e.g. Detection and evaluation of the signal S1 of the sensor electrode 130, for example
  • control device 120 preferably also by means of the control device 120), preferably short, constant operating phases BPH1, BPH2 of e.g. just a few seconds for a precise determination of particle numbers or particle concentrations of different particle size classes.
  • the amount of corona voltage Uc can typically be in the range from several 100 volts (V) to several kV (kilovolts).
  • the corona voltage Uc can e.g. are generated directly by or in the control device 120 or by an external voltage source which can be controlled by means of the control device 120 in the sense of the principle according to the embodiments.
  • the adaptation or variation of the corona voltage Uc specifically controls a unipolar diffusion charge for ionizing existing, gaseous air or exhaust gas components, and thus the resultant from the combustion process
  • Charge carrier distribution of the particle collective P to be measured which ultimately arrives at the relevant measuring point, typically behind a particle filter, is deliberately disrupted or changed.
  • the measured current (signal S1, Fig. 1) or a certain detected amount of charge over a certain period of time at a certain operating point for different values of the corona voltage is determined and compared with each other or compared with previous conditions in analog operating conditions. Alternatively or additionally, a comparison is made with values that e.g. have been determined for a limit filter or a new filter and are stored in a map or model.
  • a desired plasma can be set by a specific adaptation of the corona voltage according to magnitude and polarity, ie either a negative or positive corona C, for example nitrogen can be ionized in a targeted manner or oxygen which is in a subsequent step, transfer their loads to certain particles and adjust the resulting load in a targeted manner.
  • a number of the ions generated is controlled with a certain value over the duration of the applied non-vanishing corona voltage.
  • the existing charge carrier distribution of the collective of particles P can thus be deliberately disrupted. This disturbance of the present size distribution can occur in the entire conceivable range, i.e. that all particles have taken up their maximum possible negative charge or have taken up their maximum possible positive charge, as well as all mixed forms of differently charged states or partially charged states and also states with a certain proportion on electrically neutral particles, whereby this can preferably be done depending on the size, that is to say showing or hiding specific size ranges. Neutral particles are not detected by the downstream measuring electrode 130.
  • the optional trapeze electrode 140 (Fig. 1), which forms the ion trap, can also be operated with a variable adjustable voltage supply, e.g. to specifically eliminate electrically charged particles up to a certain size from the fluid flow A1 (“measurement flow”).
  • a variable adjustable voltage supply e.g. to specifically eliminate electrically charged particles up to a certain size from the fluid flow A1 (“measurement flow”).

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Abstract

Capteur de particules comportant un dispositif chargeur de particules pour charger des particules dans un flux de fluide s'écoulant dans la zone du capteur de particules, ledit dispositif chargeur de particules comprenant au moins une électrode à effet corona destinée à produire un effet corona, ledit capteur de particules étant pourvu d'un dispositif de commande qui est conçu pour soumettre ladite au moins une électrode à effet corona à un potentiel électrique variable.
PCT/EP2019/077698 2018-11-06 2019-10-14 Capteur de particules et procédé pour le faire fonctionner WO2020094335A1 (fr)

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DE102018218918.8A DE102018218918A1 (de) 2018-11-06 2018-11-06 Partikelsensor und Betriebsverfahren hierfür

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DE102021202020A1 (de) 2021-03-03 2022-09-08 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Verfahren und Recheneinheit zum Überwachen eines Partikelfilters

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1269818A (en) * 1969-11-28 1972-04-06 Vnii Avtom Chernoi Metallurg Apparatus for measuring the dust content in gas media
US20060284077A1 (en) * 2005-05-23 2006-12-21 Tsi Incorporated Instruments for measuring nanoparticle exposure
US20170138831A1 (en) * 2014-07-04 2017-05-18 Shimadzu Corporation Particle charging device and particle classification device using the charging device
US20180164203A1 (en) * 2015-07-03 2018-06-14 Koninklijke Philips N.V. A particle sensor and particle sensing method

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1269818A (en) * 1969-11-28 1972-04-06 Vnii Avtom Chernoi Metallurg Apparatus for measuring the dust content in gas media
US20060284077A1 (en) * 2005-05-23 2006-12-21 Tsi Incorporated Instruments for measuring nanoparticle exposure
US20170138831A1 (en) * 2014-07-04 2017-05-18 Shimadzu Corporation Particle charging device and particle classification device using the charging device
US20180164203A1 (en) * 2015-07-03 2018-06-14 Koninklijke Philips N.V. A particle sensor and particle sensing method

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