WO2020120677A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour ouvrir des composants électriques ou électroniques - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour ouvrir des composants électriques ou électroniques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020120677A1
WO2020120677A1 PCT/EP2019/084896 EP2019084896W WO2020120677A1 WO 2020120677 A1 WO2020120677 A1 WO 2020120677A1 EP 2019084896 W EP2019084896 W EP 2019084896W WO 2020120677 A1 WO2020120677 A1 WO 2020120677A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
comminution
phase
tool
electrical
work
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/084896
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carlo Burkhardt
Original Assignee
Mimplus Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mimplus Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Mimplus Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2020120677A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020120677A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C13/18—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with beaters rigidly connected to the rotor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/0056—Other disintegrating devices or methods specially adapted for specific materials not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/36—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy the crushing or disintegrating zone being submerged in liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for unlocking electrical or electronic components.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an apparatus in which the disadvantages mentioned do not occur.
  • the object is achieved in particular by creating a method for disrupting electrical or electronic components, at least one electrical or electronic component being arranged in an enclosed comminution space.
  • the at least one electrical or electronic component is replaced by one in a lower one Area of the comminution space is comminuted by the comminution tool, in that the comminution tool is driven at intervals to a rotary movement. In this way, the highest effective size reduction and thus extremely efficient disintegration of the electrical or electronic components is possible.
  • the comminution tool is controlled at intervals to a rotary movement ensures good contact of the comminution tool with the electrical or electronic components, which are also referred to below as comminution material.
  • the electrical or electronic components which are also referred to below as comminution material.
  • the comminuted material settles during pauses in the rotational movement of the comminution tool, and is then whirled up when the rotational movement is started again, whereby it is captured and comminuted by the comminution tool. Last but not least, the total time required for a certain degree of comminution can also be reduced.
  • the interval-like control of the shredding tool also reduces the process heat introduced into the shredded material compared to a continuous rotary control. This in particular prevents plastic components from melting onto other components of the components.
  • An electrical or electronic component is understood to mean a component or a part of a component which is or can be used for an electrical or electronic circuit or in an electrical or electronic circuit.
  • a component has in particular a metallic component and a non-metallic component, for example a plastic or ceramic component.
  • the metallic component is often encapsulated in the non-metallic component or at least partially encompassed by the non-metallic component.
  • the metallic component preferably has a noble and / or rare and / or expensive metal or consists of such a metal.
  • Such an electrical or electronic component particularly preferably has magnetic properties, in particular hard magnetic properties, a magnetic, in particular hard magnetic material typically being incorporated into a non-magnetic Magnetic, in particular plastic or ceramic material embedded, at least partially surrounded by this non-magnetic material, or is encapsulated in the non-magnetic material.
  • Unlocking is understood here to mean opening, in particular cutting open, cracking, breaking open, dividing, or in some other way making an interior of the non-metallic, in particular non-magnetic component of the electrical and / or electronic component accessible, in order to gain access to the metallic component the electrical or electronic component.
  • the aim of the method is in particular to recover this metallic, in particular noble, rare and / or expensive, preferably magnetic, in particular hard magnetic component.
  • the fact that the comminution space is enclosed means in particular that the comminution space is closed in at least two directions, in particular in the circumferential direction along a circumferential line and vertically downward, in particular by a circumferential wall on the one hand and by a base on the other hand. This prevents the comminution material from being thrown away by the comminution tool.
  • the comminution space can preferably be closed in the at least one remaining direction, for example vertically upwards by a cover.
  • the comminution space is particularly preferably closable in such a way that gas flow from an external environment of the comminution space into the comminution space is prevented, either through a defined leakage gap, through which a gas flow is generated from the inside of the comminution space to the outside, for example by application a continuous flow or by generating an overpressure in the comminution space, or by sealing the comminution space in a gas-tight manner, so that no gas exchange with the surroundings is possible.
  • Such an embodiment enables, in particular, the generation of a gaseous protective environment in the comminution area.
  • the comminution tool is rotatably arranged on a floor of the comminution space, in particular rotatably attached to the floor and / or rotatably passed through the floor.
  • the comminution tool is in particular arranged in the lower region of the comminution space in such a way that comminuted material thrown up by the comminution tool falls back into the region of the comminution tool due to gravity and comes back into contact with the comminution tool there.
  • the comminution tool is designed as a knife tool with at least one knife, preferably with a plurality of knives.
  • a knife is understood to mean an elongated blade part which is set up to shred or break up comminution material.
  • a blade or knife edge of the knife can be sharpened. However, this is not absolutely necessary; rather, a blunt blade can also be suitable for cutting and / or in particular crushing comminution material at least to a certain extent.
  • the fact that the comminution tool is driven at intervals to the rotary movement means in particular that it is rotated at intervals. Accordingly, second phases with a rotation speed below the predetermined limit rotation speed are provided between the first phases of a rotary movement with a rotation speed above a certain limit rotation speed, wherein the rotation speed can in particular also be zero in these second phases.
  • An intermittent, preferably interrupted, rotary movement is therefore preferably generated.
  • the comminution tool is preferably driven by a drive, in particular a motor drive, for the intermittent rotary movement.
  • the drive can in particular be an electric motor drive or another suitable drive.
  • the electronic or electrical components are pre-sorted before they are arranged in the enclosed comminution space, so that a high degree of variety can be guaranteed after the digestion.
  • ferromagnetic components or components having ferromagnetic components are preferably separated from hard magnetic components or components having hard magnetic components, the fractions thus obtained, namely a ferromagnetic fraction and a hard magnetic fraction, then being comminuted separately from one another. In this way it is avoided that component components are mixed together, which are then difficult to separate can be.
  • comminuted hard magnetic components could otherwise adhere to ferromagnetic components, where they typically represent an impurity that can hardly be separated off.
  • a fraction separation, in particular of the components having hard magnetic components, from the components having ferromagnetic components, prior to comminution results in a high recovery rate with high purity.
  • a magnetic fraction is separated from a non-magnetic fraction of the comminuted electrical or electronic components, preferably by means of a magnetic separator, after a comminution pass, either still in the comminution space or after removal of the comminuted components from the comminution space. In this way in particular, very pure hard magnetic materials can be recovered.
  • the comminution tool repeatedly stops in a rest phase and is rotated in a work phase following the rest phase.
  • an interval-like control of the comminution tool means that it alternately rotates and stands still.
  • the various phases, namely work phases and rest phases, preferably follow one another immediately afterwards.
  • at least one intermediate phase it is also possible for at least one intermediate phase to be interposed between at least one work phase and a rest phase following the work phase, or between a rest phase and a work phase following the rest phase.
  • the comminution tool for example, can be driven into a jerky movement with a different rotational speed or a different rotational speed profile or rotated with a different direction of rotation, or driven in a different way than on the one hand in the working phase and on the other hand in the rest phase become.
  • the resting phase the comminuted material thrown by the comminution tool can fall back due to gravity, in which case it then comes into intimate contact with the comminution tool in a subsequent working phase.
  • the comminuted material collects below the comminution tool or dances on the comminution tool and thus comes out of contact with the comminution tool. If the comminution tool is rotated again after a rest phase, it typically impacts the comminuted material with high momentum, as a result of which it is cut up and / or broken up particularly efficiently. In particular, the impact forces acting in this way enable the comminution material to be broken up efficiently.
  • a direction of rotation of the comminution tool is the same in all working phases. This represents a particularly simple embodiment of the method, with good comminution results being achieved.
  • the direction of rotation of the comminution tool is also possible for the direction of rotation of the comminution tool to be different in at least one first working phase than the direction of rotation in at least a second working phase.
  • Such a change in the direction of rotation enables an even more favorable distribution of the comminution material in the comminution space relative to the comminution tool and thus an even more efficient comminution.
  • various comminution mechanics can optionally be used, in particular if the comminution tool has asymmetrically designed knives.
  • These can have, for example, a blade geometry that is sharpened on one side and is blunt on another side, the knives in the first working phase coming into contact with the sharpened side of the blade in a first direction of rotation and rather cutting it, whereby they come into contact with the comminuted material in the second working phase in a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation with the blunt side and tend to break or break it open.
  • These various comminution mechanisms can be used in a targeted manner, in particular alternately, for example in order to break up comminution material which has been cut in sections in a subsequent step.
  • first work phases and second work phases alternate continuously. This means in particular that the direction of rotation is changed after each rest phase.
  • a rest phase or a work phase is followed by a preparation phase - as an intermediate phase - in which the comminution tool is rotated in a counter-rotation direction, which is a rotation direction in the previous and / or in the preceding work phase is opposite.
  • the comminution tool can be brought into a different geometric position relative to the comminuted material before the subsequent work phase than if the new work phase were started directly from the standstill position reached at the end of the previous work phase.
  • the comminution tool is preferably rotated at a rotational speed that is reduced in comparison to the previous and / or preceding work phase.
  • the reduced rotational speed is particularly preferably selected in such a way that there is no crushing effect on the comminuted material. In this way, a distribution of the comminution material relative to the comminution tool can be changed in the preparation phase.
  • the knives of the shredding tool first accelerate in the direction of the shredded material without being in contact with it, and they already have a high momentum when they come into contact with the shredded material. This increases the impact forces that act on the comminution material when the knives of the comminution tool strike.
  • the material to be shredded typically drops immediately in front of the knives of the shredding tool. If this is now rotated at a reduced rotational speed by a certain angular range against the previous or preceding direction of rotation, the distance described above is generated.
  • the rotation in the counter-rotation direction in the preparation phase preferably takes place only over a limited angular range, which is in particular smaller than a full rotation;
  • the grinding tool is preferably in the preparation phase by at most 180 °, preferably at most 90 °, preferably at most 70 °, preferably at most 50 °, preferably at most 40 °, preferably at most 30 °, preferably at most 20 °, preferably by rotated at most 10 °.
  • a ratio of a rest phase duration to a working phase duration of at least 1: 100 to at most 100: 1, preferably from at least 1:10 to at most 3: 1, preferably from at least 1: 3 to at most 2: 1 , preferably from at least 1: 1.25 to at most 1: 1, preferably from at least 1:10 to at most 1: 3.
  • a rest period is understood to mean the length of time of an individual rest phase.
  • a work phase duration is understood to mean a time length of an individual work phase.
  • the working phase duration is equal to the resting phase duration, that is to say that the ratio of the working phase duration to the resting phase duration is 1: 1.
  • a comminution pass also referred to as a comminution cycle, has a plurality of intervals, an interval comprising a sequence of exactly one work phase and exactly one rest phase, optionally with at least one intermediate phase, in particular a preparation phase, is understood.
  • the comminution pass preferably has a plurality of connected interval groups, each with at least one interval, the different interval groups differing with regard to at least one parameter of the method. For example, it is possible that the ratio between the work phase duration and the rest phase duration is chosen differently in a first interval group than in a second interval group.
  • the ratio of the working phase duration to the resting phase duration is less than 1 in a first interval group, wherein it is greater than 1 or equal to 1 in a subsequent second interval group.
  • a comminution pass it is possible for a comminution pass to have exactly two interval groups, the ratio of work phase duration to rest phase duration being less than 1 in the first interval group and greater than 1 or equal to 1 in the second interval group.
  • a protective environment is provided in the shredding room.
  • a chemical conversion, in particular oxidation, of reactive components, in particular of hard magnetic materials, can advantageously be avoided by the protective environment.
  • the energy product of hard magnetic materials can be preserved in this way, so that such hard magnetic materials can be recycled not only with a high recovery rate, but also with excellent, as good as new properties.
  • the metallic component of the electrical or electronic component can be as possible purer and, if possible, worse form, in particular not converted in chemical reactions, for example oxidation, can be recovered.
  • a protective environment is understood to mean an environment for the comminuted material in the comminution space, which protects the comminuted material against chemical reactions, in particular with the ambient air, in particular with atmospheric gases, very particularly against oxidation.
  • the protective environment can be gaseous or have at least one gas, in particular protective gas.
  • the protective environment can also be formed by a liquid, in particular have at least one liquid or consist of at least one liquid.
  • the material to be comminuted is preferably arranged within the protective environment in the comminution space.
  • the protective environment can be provided after the material to be comminuted is arranged in the comminution space, but preferably before the comminution tool is activated; the protective environment can, however, also be provided before the material to be comminuted is arranged in the comminution space, in which case the material to be comminuted is then arranged directly in the protective environment.
  • the protective environment has a gaseous medium or consists of a gaseous medium.
  • the gaseous medium preferably has at least one inert gas or a mixture of inert gases or consists of an inert gas or a mixture of inert gases.
  • An inert gas is understood to mean, in particular, an inert or non-reactive gas, in particular a gas selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, carbon dioxide and an inert gas, in particular helium, neon, argon, krypton or xenon.
  • the protective environment may have a liquid medium or to consist of a liquid medium.
  • the liquid medium is preferably an inert medium, an inert medium being understood to mean, in particular, an inert or non-reactive medium.
  • the protective environment has at least one non-polar organic solvent or consists of a non-polar organic solvent.
  • the protective environment can also have a mixture of at least two non-polar organic solvents or consist of such a mixture.
  • the at least one non-polar organic solvent is preferably selected from a group consisting of hexane, heptane and cyclohexane.
  • the number of work phases for a comminution pass is from at least 1 to at most 100, preferably from at least 3 to at most 50, preferably from at least 5 to at most 25, preferably from at least 10 to at most 14.
  • the rotational speed of the comminution tool during a work phase is from at least 60 revolutions per minute to at most 50,000 revolutions per minute, preferably from at least 500 revolutions per minute to at most 5000 revolutions per minute.
  • the rotational speed is constant during a work phase.
  • a rotational speed profile to be selected for at least one work phase, for example in the form of a rotational speed ramp or another rotational speed that varies.
  • the speed of rotation can increase and / or decrease during a work phase.
  • the working phase duration of an individual working phase is from at least 0.1 seconds to at most 20 seconds, preferably from at least 0.2 seconds to at most 15 seconds, preferably from at least 0.5 seconds to at most 3 seconds, preferably from is at least 0.7 seconds to at most 2 seconds, preferably from at least 1 second to at most 1.5 seconds, preferably from at least 1.1 seconds to at most 1.2 seconds.
  • the total duration of a comminution cycle is preferably from at least 15 seconds to at most 30 seconds, preferably from at least 20 seconds to at most 27 seconds, preferably from at least 22 seconds to at most 26 seconds, preferably 23 seconds, 24 seconds, 25, seconds or 26 seconds. Excellent shredding results can thus be obtained very quickly, while obtaining an undiminished recycling material with a high recovery rate.
  • At least one parameter of the method is preferably determined as a function of the material to be comminuted.
  • the at least one parameter is preferably selected from a group consisting of the ratio of a resting phase duration to a working phase duration, the application or omission of a protective environment, the type of protective environment chosen, the number of working phases for a comminution pass, the rotational speed of the comminution tool during a working phase, and the work phase duration of a single work phase.
  • the method can be adapted to the comminution material to be comminuted, in particular in order to obtain the best possible comminution results in the shortest possible process time.
  • the mass of the comminuted material plays a role in the specific choice of parameters.
  • the working phase duration of a single working phase is preferably chosen to be shorter for lighter components, since these tend to sink to the bottom of the comminution space and are therefore no longer in contact with the comminution tool.
  • particularly light components to be comminuted are preferably comminuted in a liquid medium, so that the sinking of the components is at least slowed down, or they float or float in the liquid medium.
  • a protective environment which has at least one liquid medium is particularly preferably selected for such components.
  • the object is also achieved by creating a device for unlocking electrical or electronic components, which has an enclosed comminution space, a comminution tool being rotatably arranged in the comminution space in a lower region of the comminution space, preferably on the bottom side.
  • the device has a control device that is set up to control the comminution tool and to carry out the method according to the invention or one of the previously described embodiments of the method.
  • the device is preferably designed, at least with regard to one feature, as previously explained in connection with the method for the device used there.
  • the comminution tool is preferably fastened rotatably to the bottom of the comminution space or is rotatably guided through it.
  • the device preferably has a drive device for mechanically driving the comminution tool, the drive device being operatively connected to the comminution tool in a torque-transmitting manner.
  • the drive device can be an electric motor, but in principle also any other type of suitable mechanical drive device; for larger quantities to be crushed electrical or electronic components, for example, an internal combustion engine ⁇
  • the device preferably has a closing element, in particular a lid, with which the comminution space can be at least partially, preferably completely, closed.
  • the comminution space can preferably be closed by the lid in such a way that gas flow from an external environment of the comminution space into the comminution space is avoided.
  • the closing element is particularly preferably designed and set up for gas-tight closing of the comminution space.
  • an inlet and / or a source for a protective environment is assigned to the shredding room.
  • the protective environment can be introduced or guided into the shredding room via the inlet.
  • the source provides the protective environment for the shredding room.
  • the source is set up to bring about a continuous flow of a gaseous medium in the protective environment, in particular to create a defined leakage flow from the comminution space into the external environment, so that no gas from the external environment can get into the comminution space due to this leakage flow can.
  • the result is either a deliberate, predetermined leakage flow or, if an undesired leakage occurs from the otherwise gas-tight crushing chamber, gas is prevented from penetrating into the crushing chamber from the external environment.
  • the comminution tool is preferably arranged interchangeably in the comminution space. In this way it can be replaced on the one hand if it should be worn out; on the other hand, it is possible to use different comminution tools for different comminution tasks, in particular different comminution material.
  • the comminution tool has at least one knife.
  • the comminution tool preferably has from at least one knife to at most 12 knives, preferably from at least 3 to at most 6 knives.
  • the knives are preferably offset from one another in the circumferential direction and / or in the axial direction.
  • An axial direction is a direction that extends parallel to or coincides with the axis of rotation of the comminution tool.
  • a circumferential direction concentrically encompasses the axial direction.
  • a radial direction is perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • the various knives are offset in the circumferential direction and / or axially to one another, there is a particularly intimate contact with the comminuted material, so that it can be comminuted very efficiently. Furthermore, it is possible in this way to achieve a conveying effect for the comminution tool, so that the comminuted material is conveyed during the rotation of the comminution tool by the rotational movement in a certain direction, in particular along the axis of rotation, preferably from bottom to top.
  • the material to be comminuted is conveyed through the comminution tool from bottom to top in the vicinity of the center of the comminution tool, and then sinks down again radially outside the central region of the comminution tool, so that it results cyclically through the comminution tool is promoted.
  • a defined flow can also be generated in a liquid medium, in particular in a protective environment having a liquid medium, which further increases the comminution efficiency, in particular since the comminuted material is entrained and conveyed by the flow movement of the liquid medium.
  • the knives in particular their blades or knife edges, preferably have a geometric shape which supports or generates the conveying effect mentioned here.
  • an angle of attack of at least one knife edge or blade of a knife of the shredding tool to an imaginary horizontal is from at least 10 ° to at most 80 °, preferably from at least 30 ° to at most 60 °.
  • a horizontal is understood to mean a straight line or plane that extends perpendicular to a vertical direction, here in particular to the axial direction.
  • the corresponding adjustment of the at least one knife edge advantageously results in a particularly high comminution efficiency and preferably the conveying effect described above.
  • the axial direction that is to say the axis of rotation of the comminution tool, preferably extends in the vertical direction when the comminution space is installed as intended on the device.
  • the axis of rotation and thus the axial direction are thus perpendicular to an imaginary horizontal plane.
  • the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
  • the single figure shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device for unlocking electrical or electronic components.
  • FIG. Shows a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a device 1 for unlocking electrical or electronic components 3, which preferably have metallic, in particular expensive, rare and / or noble, particularly preferably magnetic, in particular hard magnetic, components.
  • the device 1 has an enclosed comminution chamber 5, which is enclosed here in particular in the circumferential direction by a circumferential wall 7 and vertically downwards by a floor 9.
  • a comminution tool 11 is rotatably arranged in a lower region 10 of the comminution space 5.
  • the comminution tool 11 is particularly preferably arranged on the bottom side in the comminution space 5, in particular fastened to the bottom 9 and / or rotatably guided through the bottom 9.
  • the device 1 also has a control device 13 which is set up to control the comminution tool 11 and in particular to carry out a method described in more detail below.
  • a drive device 15 for mechanically rotating the shredding tool 11 is preferably assigned to the shredding tool 11, the drive device 15 being operatively connected to the shredding tool 11 in a torque-transmitting manner.
  • the drive device 15 can in particular be designed as an electric motor.
  • the control device 13 is in particular operatively connected to the drive device 15 for actuating it.
  • the comminution tool 11 has at least one knife, here a plurality of knives 17, in particular a plurality of knives 17 with knife edges 18, preferably from at least one to a maximum of twelve knives 17, preferably from at least three to a maximum of six knives 17.
  • An angle of attack ⁇ of the at least one knife edge 18 to an imaginary horizontal H is preferably from at least 10 ° to at most 80 °, preferably from at least 30 ° to at most 60 °.
  • the comminution chamber 5 can preferably be closed at the top by a closing element 19, in particular a cover 21, preferably closed gas-tight, or can be closed with a predetermined leak.
  • the device 1 has a source 23 for a protective environment, in particular for a gaseous protective environment, the comminution space 5 in a preferred embodiment being able to be pressurized by means of the gaseous protective environment. It is also preferably possible to generate a predetermined flow, in particular a predetermined leakage rate to the outside, so that in any case it is avoided that gas from an external environment 25 of the comminution chamber 5 gets into the latter.
  • the electrical or electronic component 3, in particular a plurality of such electrical or electronic components 3, is arranged in the comminution space 5.
  • a protective environment is also preferably provided in the comminution space 5.
  • the electrical or electronic components 3 are comminuted by the comminution tool 11, in that it is actuated at intervals to a rotary movement by means of the control device 13. This ensures particularly efficient comminution of the electrical or electronic components 3, and consequently the comminution material.
  • the protection environment provided a conversion, in particular oxidation of certain components of the electrical or electronic components can be avoided.
  • the comminution tool 11 is preferably operated in such a way that it repeatedly stands still in a rest phase and is rotated in a work phase following the rest phase.
  • a direction of rotation for the comminution tool 11 is preferably selected to be the same in all working phases. Alternatively, it is possible that the direction of rotation is selected differently in at least one first working phase compared to at least one second working phase.
  • a rest phase or a work phase is followed by a preparation phase in which the shredding tool 11 is rotated in a counter-rotation direction, which is opposite to a rotation direction of the previous and / or preceding work phase, the shredding tool 11 preferably being included in the preparation phase a rotational speed which is reduced in comparison to the previous and / or preceding work phase is rotated.
  • a ratio of a resting phase duration to a working phase duration of at least 1: 100 to at most 100: 1, preferably from at least 1:10 to at most 3: 1, preferably from at least 1: 3 to at most 2: 1, preferably at least 1: 1.25 to at most 1: 1, preferably from at least 1:10 to at most 1: 3.
  • a protective environment is used in the comminution chamber 5, which has a gaseous and / or a liquid medium.
  • the protective environment preferably has at least one inert gas, in particular nitrogen, carbon dioxide or a noble gas, and / or at least one nonpolar organic solvent, in particular a solvent which is selected from a group consisting of hexane, heptane and cyclohexane.
  • the number of work phases for a comminution pass is selected from at least 1 to at most 100, preferably from at least 3 to at most 50, preferably from at least 5 to at most 25, preferably from at least 10 to at most 14.
  • the rotational speed of the comminution tool 11 is selected in a working phase from at least 60 revolutions per minute to at most 50,000 revolutions per minute, preferably from at least 500 revolutions per minute to at most 5000 revolutions per minute.
  • the working phase duration of an individual working phase is preferably selected from at least 0.1 seconds to at most 20 seconds.
  • an effective disintegration of electrical or electronic components and thus, in particular, an effective recycling, in particular of hard magnetic materials in such electrical or electronic components, can be made possible, preferably without risk of deterioration due to chemical reactions, in particular oxidation .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de désagréger des composants (3) électriques ou électroniques, au moins un composant (3) électrique ou électronique étant disposé dans un espace de broyage (5) fermé, ledit au moins un composant (3) électrique ou électronique étant broyé par un outil de broyage (11) monté rotatif dans une zone inférieure (10) de l'espace de broyage (5), dans la mesure où l'outil de broyage (11) est entraîné en rotation à certains intervalles.
PCT/EP2019/084896 2018-12-14 2019-12-12 Procédé et dispositif pour ouvrir des composants électriques ou électroniques WO2020120677A1 (fr)

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DE102018221845.5A DE102018221845A1 (de) 2018-12-14 2018-12-14 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufschließen elektrischer oder elektronischer Komponenten
DE102018221845.5 2018-12-14

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WO2020120677A1 true WO2020120677A1 (fr) 2020-06-18

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DE102022107216A1 (de) 2022-03-28 2023-09-28 HyProMag GmbH Verfahren zur Gewinnung von SE-Oxiden

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3910115A1 (de) * 1988-04-13 1989-10-26 Duesterloh Gmbh Walzenbrecher
EP0532773A1 (fr) * 1989-11-06 1993-03-24 Gregory J. Flament Déchiqueteur de déchets solides
WO2000072972A1 (fr) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procede et appareil de broyage par percussion, procede de desassemblage et procede de recuperation d'elements de valeur
US20030230657A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-18 John Dorscht Primary reduction apparatus
WO2010057604A1 (fr) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Bomatic Umwelt- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh Dispositif pour broyage et désagrégation

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU7622696A (en) * 1995-11-11 1997-06-05 Schafer Elektrotechnik - Sondermaschinen Process and device for the processing of components from mixed materials and other building materials mixed therewith and the use thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3910115A1 (de) * 1988-04-13 1989-10-26 Duesterloh Gmbh Walzenbrecher
EP0532773A1 (fr) * 1989-11-06 1993-03-24 Gregory J. Flament Déchiqueteur de déchets solides
WO2000072972A1 (fr) * 1999-05-31 2000-12-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Procede et appareil de broyage par percussion, procede de desassemblage et procede de recuperation d'elements de valeur
US20030230657A1 (en) * 2002-06-14 2003-12-18 John Dorscht Primary reduction apparatus
WO2010057604A1 (fr) * 2008-11-19 2010-05-27 Bomatic Umwelt- Und Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh Dispositif pour broyage et désagrégation

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