WO2020113991A1 - 继电器检测装置、及其检测方法 - Google Patents

继电器检测装置、及其检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020113991A1
WO2020113991A1 PCT/CN2019/100127 CN2019100127W WO2020113991A1 WO 2020113991 A1 WO2020113991 A1 WO 2020113991A1 CN 2019100127 W CN2019100127 W CN 2019100127W WO 2020113991 A1 WO2020113991 A1 WO 2020113991A1
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Prior art keywords
relay
positive
charging
end voltage
negative
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PCT/CN2019/100127
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
袁金荣
陈勇
蒋世用
黄猛
李秋莲
宋江喜
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020113991A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020113991A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
    • G01R31/3275—Fault detection or status indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections

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  • the present application relates to a battery management system, in particular to a relay detection device and its detection method.
  • the high-voltage relay serves as an important link between the battery pack and the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and plays an important role in charging the buffer and cutting off the battery pack in the event of a failure. Whether it works normally, and the high-voltage relay has the designed opening and closing times and service life. Whether the high-voltage relay works normally or not directly affects the entire battery system, so the failure detection of the high-voltage relay of the battery management system is particularly important.
  • the related detection method mainly uses a high-voltage relay with auxiliary contacts to confirm the status, which has a high cost and cannot effectively judge the true state of the high-voltage relay.
  • a detection device and a detection method that can automatically and reliably detect a battery management system relay are provided to effectively determine the true state of a high-voltage relay while reducing costs.
  • the technical scheme adopted in this application is to design a relay detection device, which includes: positive and negative busbars connected to the battery pack and the bidirectional converter.
  • the positive and negative busbars are respectively connected with a positive bus relay and a negative bus relay in series;
  • a bus is connected in parallel at both ends of the bus relay, and a charging relay and a resistor are connected in series on the branch.
  • the bidirectional converter uses a bidirectional DC converter.
  • This application also designs a detection method for the above relay detection device, which controls the on and off of the positive bus relay, the negative bus relay, and the charging relay, respectively, so that the battery pack, each relay, and the capacitor form a plurality of charging circuits and discharging circuits. Detect the front-end voltage and the back-end voltage after charging and discharging to determine whether the relay has failed.
  • the detection method includes the following steps: Step 10, close the charging relay and the negative bus relay to determine whether the negative bus relay is open circuit failure; Step 20, open the negative bus relay to determine whether the negative bus relay is short circuit failure; Step 30, first Open the charging relay, then close the negative bus relay and close the charging relay, and then open the charging relay to determine whether the positive bus relay is short-circuited; Step 40, first close the charging relay, then close the positive bus relay and open the charging relay, judge the positive Whether the bus relay fails.
  • the step 10 includes: Step 11. Close the charging relay and the negative bus relay, delay for a period of time T1; Step 12. Determine whether the back-end voltage is greater than the front-end voltage A times, if not greater, then issue a negative bus relay failure If the fault alarm is greater, go to step 20.
  • the step 20 includes: Step 21. Disconnect the negative bus relay, delay for a period of time T2; Step 22. Determine whether the front-end voltage is greater than the back-end voltage plus B value, if not greater, it will issue a negative bus relay short circuit failure If the fault alarm is greater, go to step 30.
  • the step 30 includes: Step 31. Disconnect the charging relay and delay for a period of time T3; Step 32. Close the negative bus relay and close the charging relay for a period of time T4; Step 33. Open the charging relay and delay A period of time T5; Step 34. Determine whether the front-end voltage is greater than the back-end voltage plus a C value. If it is not greater, a fault alarm of short-circuit failure of the positive bus relay is issued. If it is greater, go to step 40.
  • the step 40 includes: Step 41. Close the charging relay, delay for a period of time T6; Step 42. Close the positive bus relay, open the charging relay, delay for a period of time T7; Step 43. Determine whether the back-end voltage is greater than the front-end If the voltage is E times, if it is not greater than, the fault alarm of the positive bus relay open circuit failure will be issued, if it is greater, the detection is completed.
  • step 10 Before performing the step 10, first determine whether the front-end voltage is greater than a preset value. If not, the battery pack input abnormal fault alarm is issued. If it is greater, go to step 10.
  • the T1 is 4 seconds, and the A-fold is 0.78-fold.
  • the T2 is 2 seconds, and the B value is 20 volts.
  • the T3 is 12 seconds, the T4 is 1 second, the T5 is 2 seconds, and the C value is 20 volts.
  • the T6 is 4 seconds, the T7 is 2 seconds, and the E times are 0.95 times.
  • the preset value is 250 volts.
  • this application confirms the status of the high-voltage relay through preset logic before the battery management system is started, and immediately alerts if there is a short circuit or open circuit failure; through the failure alarm logic, the state of the high-voltage relay is predicted in advance to prevent failure due to failure Causes battery damage or affects battery life; it has the advantages of reliable detection, high degree of automation, and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a hardware block diagram of a detection device according to an embodiment
  • Figure 2 is a diagram showing the state of the relay when the negative bus relay fails to open
  • Figure 3 is a state diagram of the relay when judging the failure of the negative bus relay short circuit
  • Figure 4 is a diagram showing the state of the relay when the positive bus relay is short-circuited
  • Figure 5 is a diagram of the relay status when the positive bus relay is disconnected and failed
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a detection method according to an embodiment.
  • the purpose of this application is to design a method for detecting the failure of a high-voltage relay in a battery management system, and to perform a relay testing procedure before normal operation.
  • the core lies in first collecting the voltage before and after the high-voltage relay, and combining with the specific opening and closing logic to determine whether the high-voltage relay has a failure condition. If there is a failure condition, the alarm processing, if the relay is normal, the battery management system works normally.
  • This application discloses a relay detection device. Referring to the hardware block diagram shown in FIG. 1, it includes positive and negative busbars connecting a battery pack and a bidirectional converter.
  • the positive and negative busbars are connected in series with positive bus relays RLY_P And negative bus relay RLY_N.
  • a capacitor C and a controller provided between the positive and negative busbars, a front-end voltage measurement device is provided on one side of the battery pack between the positive and negative busbars, and a back-end voltage measurement device is provided on the side of the bidirectional converter.
  • a branch is connected in parallel at both ends of the positive bus relay, and a charging relay RLY_C and a resistor R are connected in series on the branch.
  • the controller controls the energization and de-energization of the positive and negative bus relay coils and the charging relay coil respectively, and judges whether the positive and negative bus relays are invalid according to the front-end voltage and the back-end voltage fed back by the front-end and back-end voltage measuring devices.
  • the positive and negative bus relay contacts and charging relay contacts all use normally open contacts.
  • the bidirectional converter uses a bidirectional DC converter.
  • a bidirectional converter is connected to an external circuit, which can convert external power into DC, and then store it in the battery pack through the DC bus, or reverse operation to convert the power in the battery pack into DC and send it to the outside to achieve charging and Discharge operation.
  • the capacitor C connected to the positive bus and the negative bus has the function of energy storage and filtering.
  • the positive bus relay controls the positive output of the battery pack
  • the negative bus relay controls the negative output of the battery pack
  • the charging relay controls the switching of the resistance
  • the resistance limits the charging current during detection.
  • the controller obtains the voltage of the front and rear ends of the relay through sampling, and Judge the state of the relay through logic.
  • This application discloses the detection method of the above relay detection device, which controls the on and off of the positive bus relay, the negative bus relay and the charging relay respectively, so that the battery pack, each relay and the capacitor constitute a plurality of charging circuits and discharging circuits, and the charging and discharging are detected by the detection After the front-end voltage and back-end voltage, determine whether the relay is invalid.
  • the detection method includes the following steps: Step 10, close the charging relay and the negative bus relay to determine whether the negative bus relay is broken; Step 20, open the negative bus relay to determine whether the negative bus relay is short-circuited Failure; Step 30, first open the charging relay, then close the negative bus relay and close the charging relay, then open the charging relay, determine whether the positive bus relay is short circuit failure; Step 40, first close the charging relay, then close the positive bus relay and open Turn on the charging relay to determine whether the positive bus relay is broken or invalid.
  • step 10 includes: step 11, closing the charging relay and the negative bus relay, and delaying a period of time T1; step 12, judging whether the back-end voltage is greater than the front-end voltage A times If it is not greater than, it will issue a fault alarm that the negative bus relay is broken and fails, if it is greater, then go to step 20.
  • the step 20 includes: step 21, disconnect the negative bus relay, delay for a period of time T2; step 22, determine whether the front-end voltage is greater than the back-end voltage plus B value, if not greater, then issue a negative bus relay short circuit failure If the fault alarm is greater, go to step 30.
  • the step 30 includes: step 31, opening the charging relay, delaying a period of time T3; step 32, closing the negative bus relay, closing the charging relay, delaying a period of time T4; step 33, opening the charging relay, delaying A period of time T5; Step 34, it is judged whether the front-end voltage is less than the back-end voltage plus a C value, if not less, a fault alarm of short-circuit failure of the positive bus relay is issued, if not, go to step 40.
  • the step 40 includes: step 41, closing the charging relay, delaying a period of time T6; step 42, closing the positive bus relay, opening the charging relay, delaying a period of time T7; step 43, determining whether the back-end voltage is greater than the front-end If the voltage is E times, if it is not greater than, the fault alarm of the positive bus relay open circuit failure will be issued, if it is greater, the detection is completed.
  • step 10 Before proceeding to step 10, first determine whether the front-end voltage is greater than a preset value (step 0). If not, send a battery pack input abnormal fault alarm. If it is greater, go to step 10.
  • the T1 is 4 seconds and the A-fold is 0.78-fold.
  • the T2 is 2 seconds, and the B value is 20 volts.
  • the T3 is 12 seconds, the T4 is 1 second, the T5 is 2 seconds, and the C value is 20 volts.
  • the T6 is 4 seconds, the T7 is 2 seconds, and the E times are 0.95 times.
  • the preset value is 250 volts.
  • the inspection starts to execute S0, first judge whether the front-end voltage is greater than 250V, if not, it will issue a battery pack input abnormal fault alarm, if it is greater, then execute S11, close the contacts of the charging relay and the negative bus relay, delay for 4 seconds and then Go to the next step to judge.
  • the state of the relay is as shown in FIG. 2, and execute S12 to determine whether the back-end voltage is greater than 0.78 times the front-end voltage. If not, the fault alarm of the negative bus relay open circuit failure is issued, and if it is greater, skip to the next step.
  • the detection principle is: if the negative bus relay is normal, the battery pack establishes a normal discharge path after the negative bus relay and the charging relay are closed, and then the battery energy charges the output capacitor C, so that the output capacitor establishes a voltage, and delays according to the charging curve. After 4S, the voltage can reach 0.78 times VLINK. If the voltage is abnormally established, the path cannot be formed, the capacitor cannot be charged, and the effective voltage cannot be detected.
  • the output capacitor can drop at least 20V after 2S delay; if the negative bus relay If the contact short circuit fails, the output capacitor C will continue to supply energy, the voltage will remain unchanged, and there will be no drop phenomenon. According to this feature, it is judged whether there is abnormality.
  • S31 disconnect the charging relay, delay for 12 seconds and then jump to the next step
  • S32 close the negative bus relay, close the charging relay, delay for 1 second and then jump to the next step
  • S33 disconnect the charging relay, Delay for a period of time and then jump to the next step to judge.
  • the state of the relay is as shown in FIG. 4, and S34 is executed to determine whether the front-end voltage is greater than the back-end voltage plus 20 volts. If it is not greater, a fault alarm of short-circuit failure of the positive bus relay is issued, and if it is greater, skip to the next step.
  • the detection principle is: close the negative bus relay, and close the charging relay to establish a normal charging path.
  • the capacitor C will charge and establish a voltage. At this time, the charging relay is disconnected. If the positive bus relay is not short-circuited, the charging relay is disconnected. After the capacitor C loses its stable energy supply, a voltage drop occurs due to power consumption; if the short circuit fails, the capacitor C keeps the voltage stable due to continuous charging, and no voltage drop occurs.
  • S41 close the charging relay, delay for a period of time and then jump to the next step
  • S42 close the positive bus relay, open the charging relay, delay for a period of time and then jump to the next step for judgment.
  • the state of the relay is as shown in FIG. 5, and S43 is executed to determine whether the back-end voltage is greater than 0.95 times the front-end voltage. If it is not greater than this, a fault alarm that the positive bus relay fails to open is issued, and if it is greater, the detection is completed.
  • the battery management system can enter normal operation.
  • the detection principle is: after closing the positive bus relay, if there is no open circuit failure, the voltage of the capacitor C will rise due to the charging of the battery pack; if the open circuit fails, the capacitor C cannot be charged. You can judge whether the positive bus relay exists by the presence or absence of the charging voltage of the capacitor Open circuit failure.
  • the branch formed by the charging relay RLY_C and the resistor R is connected in parallel across the positive bus relay RLY_P.
  • the branch may also be connected in parallel to both ends of the negative bus relay RLY_N.
  • the controller only needs to reverse the commands for controlling the positive bus relay RLY_P and the negative bus relay RLY_N. For example, the original command to control the closing of the positive bus relay was changed to control the closing of the negative bus relay, and the original command to control the closing of the negative bus relay was changed to control the closing of the positive bus relay.

Abstract

本申请公开了继电器检测装置、及其检测方法，其中继电器检测装置，包括连接电池组和双向变换器的正、负极母线，所述正、负极母线上分别串接有正母线继电器和负母线继电器；设置在所述正负极母线之间的电容和一控制器，所述正、负极母线之间电池组一侧设有前端电压测量装置，双向变换器一侧设有后端电压测量装置，所述正母线继电器两端并联有一支路，所述支路上串联有一充电继电器和一电阻；控制器根据前端和后端电压判断正、负母线继电器是否失效；如有短路或者断路立即告警，可以提前预判继电器的状态，防止因为失效导致电池损坏或者影响电池寿命；具有检测可靠，自动化程度高，成本较低的优点。

Description

继电器检测装置、及其检测方法
相关申请
本申请要求2018年12月07日申请的，申请号为201811496074.3，名称为“继电器检测装置、及其检测方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及电池管理系统，尤其涉及一种继电器检测装置、及其检测方法。
背景技术
在电池管理系统中，高压继电器作为连接电池组跟双向DC/DC变换器的重要纽带，起到充电缓冲和故障时切除电池组的重要作用，其作用能否正常发挥，得益于高压继电器能否正常工作，而高压继电器是有设计开合次数和使用寿命的，高压继电器工作正常与否直接影响到整个电池系统，因此电池管理系统高压继电器失效检测显得尤为重要。相关检测方法主要采用带辅助触点的高压继电器来确认状态，其成本高，且不能有效的判断高压继电器真实状态。
因此，如何设计一种可以自动的、可靠的检测电池管理系统继电器的检测装置、及其检测方法，是业界亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
基于此，提供一种可以自动的、可靠的检测电池管理系统继电器的检测装置、及其检测方法，以在降低成本的同时有效判断高压继电器的真实状态。
本申请采用的技术方案是设计一种继电器检测装置，包括：连接电池组和双向变换器的正、负极母线，所述正、负极母线上分别串接有正母线继电器和负母线继电器；设置在所述正负极母线之间的电容和一控制器，所述正、负极母线之间电池组一侧设有前端电压测量装置，双向变换器一侧设有后端电压测量装置，所述正母线继电器两端并联有一支路，所述支路上串联有一充电继电器和一电阻。
所述双向变换器采用双向直流变换器。
本申请还设计一种上述的继电器检测装置的检测方法，其分别控制正母线继电器、负母线继电器和充电继电器的通断，使电池组、各继电器和电容构成多个充电回路和放电回 路，通过检测充放电后的前端电压和后端电压，判断继电器是否失效。
所述的检测方法，包括以下步骤：步骤10，闭合充电继电器和负母线继电器，判断负母线继电器是否断路失效；步骤20，断开负母线继电器，判断负母线继电器是否短路失效；步骤30，先断开充电继电器，然后闭合负母线继电器和闭合充电继电器，再断开充电继电器，判断正母线继电器是否短路失效；步骤40，先闭合充电继电器，然后闭合正母线继电器和断开充电继电器，判断正母线继电器是否断路失效。
所述步骤10包括：步骤11.闭合充电继电器和负母线继电器，延时一个时间段T1；步骤12.判断后端电压是否大于前端电压A倍，如不大于，则发出负母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤20。
所述步骤20包括：步骤21.断开负母线继电器，延时一个时间段T2；步骤22.判断前端电压是否大于后端电压加上B值，如不大于，则发出负母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤30。
所述步骤30包括：步骤31.断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T3；步骤32.闭合负母线继电器，闭合充电继电器，延时一个时间段T4；步骤33.断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T5；步骤34.判断前端电压是否大于后端电压加上一个C值，如不大于，则发出正母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤40。
所述步骤40包括：步骤41.闭合充电继电器，延时一个时间段T6；步骤42.闭合正母线继电器，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T7；步骤43.判断后端电压是否大于前端电压E倍，如不大于，则发出正母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如大于，则检测完成。
在进行所述步骤10之前，先判断前端电压是否大于预设值，如不大于，则发出电池组输入异常故障告警，如大于，则转步骤10。
所述T1为4秒钟，所述A倍为0.78倍。所述T2为2秒钟，所述B值为20伏。所述T3为12秒钟，所述T4为1秒钟，所述T5为2秒钟，所述C值为20伏。所述T6为4秒钟，所述T7为2秒钟，所述E倍为0.95倍。
所述预设值为250伏。
与相关技术相比，本申请在电池管理系统启动前，通过预设逻辑确认高压继电器的状态，如有短路或者断路失效立即告警；通过失效告警逻辑，提前预判高压继电器的状态，防止因为失效导致电池损坏或者影响电池寿命；具有检测可靠，自动化程度高，成本较低的优点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据公开的附图获得其他的附图。
图1是一实施例检测装置硬件原理框图；
图2是判断负母线继电器断路失效时的继电器状态图；
图3是判断负母线继电器短路失效时的继电器状态图；
图4是判断正母线继电器短路失效时的继电器状态图；
图5是判断正母线继电器断路失效时的继电器状态图；
图6是一实施例检测方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
本申请旨在设计一种电池管理系统高压继电器失效检测方法，在正常工作之前先进行继电器检测程序。其核心在于先采集高压继电器前后的电压，并结合特定的开合逻辑来判断高压继电器是否有失效情况，如有失效情况告警处理，如继电器正常，则电池管理系统正常工作。
本申请公开了一种继电器检测装置，参看图1示出的硬件原理框图，其包括连接电池组和双向变换器的正、负极母线，所述正、负极母线上分别串接有正母线继电器RLY_P和负母线继电器RLY_N。设置在所述正负极母线之间的电容C和一控制器，所述正、负极母线之间电池组一侧设有前端电压测量装置，双向变换器一侧设有后端电压测量装置，所述正母线继电器两端并联有一支路，所述支路上串联有一充电继电器RLY_C和一电阻R。所述控制器分别控制正、负母线继电器线圈和充电继电器线圈通电和断电，根据前、后端电压测量装置反馈的前端电压和后端电压判断正、负母线继电器是否失效。在一个实施例中，所述正、负母线继电器触点和充电继电器触点皆采用常开触点。所述双向变换器采用双向直流变换器。
参看图1，双向变换器连接外部电路，可以将外部电能变换成直流，然后通过直流母线存储到电池组中，也可以逆向操作，将电池组中的电能变换成直流送到外部，实现充电和放电操作。正极母线和负极母线连接的电容C，有储能和滤波的作用。正母线继电器控 制电池组正输出开合，负母线继电器控制电池组负母线输出开合，充电继电器控制电阻的投切，电阻限制检测时的充电电流，控制器通过采样获取继电器前后端的电压，并通过逻辑判断继电器的状态。
本申请公开了上述继电器检测装置的检测方法，其分别控制正母线继电器、负母线继电器和充电继电器的通断，使电池组、各继电器和电容构成多个充电回路和放电回路，通过检测充放电后的前端电压和后端电压，判断继电器是否失效。
在一个实施例中，所述的检测方法，包括以下步骤：步骤10，闭合充电继电器和负母线继电器，判断负母线继电器是否断路失效；步骤20，断开负母线继电器，判断负母线继电器是否短路失效；步骤30，先断开充电继电器，然后闭合负母线继电器和闭合充电继电器，再断开充电继电器，判断正母线继电器是否短路失效；步骤40，先闭合充电继电器，然后闭合正母线继电器和断开充电继电器，判断正母线继电器是否断路失效。
参看图6示出的一个实施例的流程框图，所述步骤10包括：步骤11，闭合充电继电器和负母线继电器，延时一个时间段T1；步骤12，判断后端电压是否大于前端电压A倍，如不大于，则发出负母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤20。
所述步骤20包括：步骤21，断开负母线继电器，延时一个时间段T2；步骤22，判断前端电压是否大于后端电压加上B值，如不大于，则发出负母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤30。
所述步骤30包括：步骤31，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T3；步骤32，闭合负母线继电器，闭合充电继电器，延时一个时间段T4；步骤33，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T5；步骤34，判断前端电压是否小于后端电压加上一个C值，如不小于，则发出正母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如小于，则转步骤40。
所述步骤40包括：步骤41，闭合充电继电器，延时一个时间段T6；步骤42，闭合正母线继电器，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T7；步骤43，判断后端电压是否大于前端电压E倍，如不大于，则发出正母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如大于，则检测完成。
在进行所述步骤10之前，先判断前端电压是否大于预设值(步骤0)，如不大于，则发出电池组输入异常故障告警，如大于，则转步骤10。
在一个实施例中，所述T1为4秒钟，所述A倍为0.78倍。所述T2为2秒钟，所述B值为20伏。所述T3为12秒钟，所述T4为1秒钟，所述T5为2秒钟，所述C值为20伏。所述T6为4秒钟，所述T7为2秒钟，所述E倍为0.95倍。
在一个实施例中，所述预设值为250伏。
以下结合继电器状态图，详述一个实施例的检测原理：在检查开始之前，各继电器状 态如图1所示，电容C内未存储电荷法值，直流母线上的电压忽略不计。
检查开始执行S0，先判断前端电压是否大于250V，如不大于，则发出电池组输入异常故障告警，如大于，则执行S11，闭合充电继电器和负母线继电器的触点，延时4秒钟然后跳转到下一步进行判断。此时继电器状态如图2所示，执行S12，判断后端电压是否大于前端电压的0.78倍，如果不大于则发出负母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如果大于则跳转到下一步。检测原理是：如果负母线继电器正常，电池组在负母线继电器和充电继电器闭合后建立正常的放电通路，然后电池的电能给输出电容C充电，使输出电容建立电压，并根据充电曲线，延时4S后电压能达到0.78倍的VLINK，如电压建立异常，则无法形成通路，电容无法进行充电，无法检测到有效电压。
然后执行S21，断开负母线继电器的触点，延时2秒钟然后跳转到下一步进行判断。此时继电器状态如图3所示，执行S22：判断前端电压是否大于后端电压加上20伏，如果不大于则发出负母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如果大于则跳转到下一步。检测原理是：断开负母线继电器触点后，如果无短路失效，输出电容C失去持续供能转为耗电，通过放电曲线，在2S延时后至少能输出电容跌落20V；如果负母线继电器触点短路失效，则输出电容C持续供能，电压保持不变，不会有跌落现象，根据此特征判断是否存在异常。
然后执行S31，断开充电继电器，延时12秒钟然后跳转到下一步，S32，闭合负母线继电器，闭合充电继电器，延时1秒钟然后跳转到下一步；S33断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段然后跳转到下一步进行判断。此时继电器状态如图4所示，执行S34，判断前端电压是否大于后端电压加上20伏，如果不大于则发出正母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如果大于则跳转到下一步。检测原理是：闭合负母线继电器，闭合充电继电器后，建立正常的充电通路，此时电容C会充电并建立电压，此时断开充电继电器，如果正母线继电器未短路失效，则断开充电继电器后电容C失去稳定的供能，因耗电而产生电压跌落；如果短路失效，则电容C因持续充电而保持电压稳定，不会产生电压跌落。
然后执行S41，闭合充电继电器，延时一个时间段然后跳转到下一步；S42，闭合正母线继电器，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段然后跳转到下一步进行判断。此时继电器状态如图5所示，执行S43，判断后端电压是否大于前端电压的0.95倍，如果不大于则发出正母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如果大于则检测完成。电池管理系统可进入正常工作。检测原理是：闭合正母线继电器后，如果无断路失效，电容C会因为电池组充电而电压升高；如果断路失效，电容C无法充电，可以通过电容有无充电电压来判断正母线继电器是否存在断路失效。
需要指出，在一个实施例中，所述充电继电器RLY_C和电阻R构成的支路是并联在 正母线继电器RLY_P两端。作为一种变换，所述支路也可以并联到负母线继电器RLY_N两端。检测时，控制器只需将控制正母线继电器RLY_P和控制负母线继电器RLY_N的指令对调即可。比如，原来是控制正母线继电器闭合的指令改成控制负母线继电器闭合，原来是控制负母线继电器闭合的指令改成控制正母线继电器闭合。
以上实施例仅为举例说明，非起限制作用。任何未脱离本申请精神与范畴，而对其进行的等效修改或变更，均应包含于本申请的权利要求范围之中。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种继电器检测装置，包括：连接电池组和双向变换器的正、负极母线，所述正、负极母线上分别串接有正母线继电器和负母线继电器；设置在所述正负极母线之间的电容和一控制器，其特征在于，所述正、负极母线之间电池组一侧设有前端电压测量装置，双向变换器一侧设有后端电压测量装置，所述正母线继电器两端并联有一支路，所述支路上串联有一充电继电器和一电阻。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的继电器检测装置，其特征在于，所述双向变换器采用双向直流变换器。
  3. 一种权利要求1或2所述的继电器检测装置的检测方法，其特征在于，分别控制正母线继电器、负母线继电器和充电继电器的通断，使电池组、各继电器和电容构成多个充电回路和放电回路，通过检测充放电后的前端电压和后端电压，判断继电器是否失效。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的检测方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤10，闭合充电继电器和负母线继电器，判断负母线继电器是否断路失效；
    步骤20，断开负母线继电器，判断负母线继电器是否短路失效；
    步骤30，先断开充电继电器，然后闭合负母线继电器和闭合充电继电器，再断开充电继电器，判断正母线继电器是否短路失效；
    步骤40，先闭合充电继电器，然后闭合正母线继电器和断开充电继电器，判断正母线继电器是否断路失效。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤10包括：
    步骤11，闭合充电继电器和负母线继电器，延时一个时间段T1；
    步骤12，判断后端电压是否大于前端电压A倍，如不大于，则发出负母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤20。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤20包括：
    步骤21，断开负母线继电器，延时一个时间段T2；
    步骤22，判断前端电压是否大于后端电压加上B值，如不大于，则发出负母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤30。
  7. 如权利要求4所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤30包括：
    步骤31，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T3；
    步骤32，闭合负母线继电器，闭合充电继电器，延时一个时间段T4；
    步骤33，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T5；
    步骤34，判断前端电压是否大于后端电压加上一个C值，如不大于，则发出正母线继电器短路失效的故障告警，如大于，则转步骤40。
  8. 如权利要求4所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述步骤40包括：
    步骤41，闭合充电继电器，延时一个时间段T6；
    步骤42，闭合正母线继电器，断开充电继电器，延时一个时间段T7；
    步骤43，判断后端电压是否大于前端电压E倍，如不大于，则发出正母线继电器断路失效的故障告警，如大于，则检测完成。
  9. 如权利要求4所述的检测方法，其特征在于，在进行所述步骤10之前，先判断前端电压是否大于预设值，如不大于，则发出电池组输入异常故障告警，如大于，则转步骤10。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述T1为4秒钟，所述A倍为0.78倍。
  11. 如权利要求6所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述T2为2秒钟，所述B值为20伏。
  12. 如权利要求7所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述T3为12秒钟，所述T4为1秒钟，所述T5为2秒钟，所述C值为20伏。
  13. 如权利要求8所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述T6为4秒钟，所述T7为2秒钟，所述E倍为0.95倍。
  14. 如权利要求9所述的检测方法，其特征在于，所述预设值为250伏。
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