WO2020103253A1 - 一种保护壳、动力装置及无人机 - Google Patents

一种保护壳、动力装置及无人机

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Publication number
WO2020103253A1
WO2020103253A1 PCT/CN2018/122121 CN2018122121W WO2020103253A1 WO 2020103253 A1 WO2020103253 A1 WO 2020103253A1 CN 2018122121 W CN2018122121 W CN 2018122121W WO 2020103253 A1 WO2020103253 A1 WO 2020103253A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
heat dissipation
protective
protector
shaft hole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/122121
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王建伟
吴晓龙
卢绰莹
Original Assignee
深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司
Priority to CN201880041694.XA priority Critical patent/CN110972473A/zh
Publication of WO2020103253A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020103253A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/32—Rotors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
    • B64D27/24—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants using steam or spring force
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of a motor protective shell, in particular to a protective shell, a power device and a drone.
  • the motor usually includes a motor body and an output shaft for connecting with the propeller.
  • the upper surface of the motor body (that is, the end surface of the motor body facing the propeller) is usually an open structure with an opening through which heat generated when the motor is running is radiated to In the air, to achieve heat dissipation.
  • the working environment of plant protection drones is relatively bad. When working in the field or in the field, particles, liquids and other debris easily enter the motor from the upper surface of the motor body, so the motor often needs to be cleaned before it can be used.
  • the protective shell of the traditional motor is integrally formed with the outer rotor of the motor. If the user wants to clean the inside of the motor, the whole motor must be removed and then cleaned, which not only has low efficiency, but also affects the user's experience.
  • the invention provides a protective shell, a power device and an unmanned aerial vehicle, aiming at facilitating the cleaning of the motor, improving the service life of the motor, and improving the reliability of the work.
  • a protective shell is used to protect the UAV motor.
  • the protective shell includes:
  • the fixing part is provided on the protection member for detachable connection with the motor
  • the shaft hole is opened on the protection piece and used for cooperating with the drive shaft of the motor;
  • a penetrating portion which is provided on the protection member and is used for penetrating the locking member to fix the propeller and motor of the drone;
  • a plurality of heat dissipation teeth, the plurality of heat dissipation teeth are provided on one side of the protection member at intervals, and extend from the side of the protection member to the upper end surface of the motor.
  • the fixing portion is a hole structure for the connection member to penetrate, so that the fixing portion can be installed or removed from the motor.
  • the number of the fixing portions is plural, and the plurality of fixing portions are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the protective member.
  • the fixing portion is a threaded through hole or an engaging structure.
  • the shaft hole is surrounded by the protective member.
  • the penetrating portions are two penetrating holes symmetrically provided on both sides of the shaft hole, the centers of the two penetrating holes and the center of the shaft hole are in the same straight line on.
  • the heat dissipation teeth are arranged radially along the radial direction of the protective member.
  • the heat dissipation teeth extend linearly.
  • the heat dissipation teeth are arranged to extend in a curved manner.
  • the heat dissipating teeth include a heat dissipating tooth body and an inclined portion connected to the heat dissipating tooth body, the inclined portion has a slope, and the slope is gradually increased in distance from the protector An end near the middle of the protector extends outward.
  • the protective member includes:
  • the cover part is used to cover the upper end surface of the motor, and the shaft hole is provided on the cover part;
  • the guide portion extends outward from the peripheral edge of the cover portion, and is used to guide water vapor or solid on the surface of the cover portion to the side of the motor.
  • the angle between the cover part and the guide part is an obtuse angle.
  • a power device includes a propeller, a motor, and the protective shell as described above.
  • the motor is detachably connected to the protective shell.
  • the propeller is mounted on the motor and the protective shell.
  • a drone includes a fuselage, an arm and the power device as described above.
  • the power device is provided at one end of the arm and is used to provide flying power for the drone.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a protective case, a power device, and an unmanned aerial vehicle. Since the fixing part is detachably connected to the motor, the protective case and the motor are easily disassembled. When the user needs to clean or repair the inside of the motor, the protective shell can be quickly removed from the motor, which is convenient for the user to clean or repair the inside of the motor, thereby improving the efficiency of cleaning or overhauling the motor, and also improving the user's use Experience.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a drone provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the power plant in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is an exploded schematic view of the power plant in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of some components of the power plant in FIG. 2, which shows the protective shell, the rotor shell of the motor, and the drive shaft;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the protective shell of FIG. 2 at an angle
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the protective shell of FIG. 2 from another angle;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the protective shell in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic view of FIG. 7 at A.
  • FIG. 8 is a partially enlarged schematic view of FIG. 7 at A.
  • an unmanned aerial vehicle 100 provided by an embodiment of the present invention is used to carry a load, such as a camera, a camera, a spray device, a water tank, a medicine box, a seed box, a carrier, and the like.
  • the UAV 100 may specifically be a multi-rotor UAV, a fixed-wing UAV, or an unmanned helicopter.
  • the drone 100 includes a fuselage 110, an arm 120, and a power unit.
  • the arm 120 extends from the fuselage 110.
  • the power device may be disposed at any suitable part of the arm 120.
  • the power device may be provided at the end of the arm 120 or close to the end of the arm 120.
  • the drone 100 includes at least two arms 120 that are disposed around the fuselage 110 symmetrically or asymmetrically. Each arm 120 can support one power device or multiple power devices. Each arm 120 can carry a different number of power devices, and can also carry the same number of power devices.
  • the power device includes a motor 200, a propeller 300 and a protective case 400.
  • the motor 200 and the protective case 400 are detachably connected.
  • a motor mounting base 121 for mounting the motor 200 is provided at a portion of the arm 120 away from the body 110.
  • the motor 200 is fixedly disposed on the motor mounting base 121, and is fixedly connected to the motor mounting base through fasteners or clamping pieces.
  • the motor 200 is usually a brushed motor or a brushless motor. In this embodiment, it mainly refers to a brushless motor.
  • the number of motors 200 is four, and the four motors 200 are respectively provided on the arm 12. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the number of motors 200 may be set to any other suitable number according to specific design requirements, such as one, two, three, five, six, or more.
  • the motor 200 includes a motor body 210 and a rotor case 220 fixed to the upper part of the motor body 210.
  • the motor body 210 has a rotor, a stator, and a drive shaft 211.
  • the drive shaft 211 penetrates the rotor shell 220 and is connected to the propeller 300.
  • the rotor can rotate around the drive shaft 211 under the action of the electromagnetic field generated after the stator is energized, thereby driving the propeller 300 to rotate, thereby driving the drone 100 to complete takeoff, landing, hovering and other operations.
  • top, bottom, bottom, and top appearing in the description of the embodiments of the present invention are that the protective case 400 is installed on the motor 200, and after the motor 200 is installed on the drone 100, the drone 100 is conventional
  • the operating posture is for reference and should not be considered restrictive.
  • the heat generated by the motor 200 needs to be quickly dissipated from the motor 200.
  • the heat generated by the motor 200 is radiated in at least two ways:
  • the first heat dissipation method the rotor case 220 and the motor body 210 form a heat dissipation structure, and the heat transfer and heat radiation are transmitted through the case of the motor body 210 and the rotor case 220.
  • the rotor case 220 and the motor body 210 form a heat dissipation channel, and the internal air of the motor body 210 can exchange heat with the outside air through the heat dissipation channel to achieve heat dissipation.
  • the method of dissipating heat inside the motor 200 is not limited to the above two. Any method that can dissipate the heat generated by the operation of the motor 200 should fall within the protection scope of this embodiment.
  • the propeller 300 is located on the side of the motor 200 facing away from the motor mount 121.
  • the propeller 300 may be a forward propeller or a reverse propeller.
  • the positive propeller refers to a propeller that rotates counterclockwise from the rear of the motor 200 toward the head of the motor 200 to generate lift.
  • the reverse propeller refers to a propeller that rotates clockwise from the rear of the motor 200 toward the head of the motor 200 to generate lift.
  • the number, structure and angle of the propeller 300 and the angle relative to the fuselage 110 are not limited, and the drone can be driven to start and stop under the drive of the motor 200.
  • the number of propellers 300 may be any appropriate number, such as one or more (two, three, or more).
  • the propeller 300 may be arranged horizontally, vertically, or at any other angle relative to the fuselage 110.
  • the rotor shell 220 is provided with a first opening 221 that communicates with the interior of the motor body 210, and a bottom opening (not shown) that communicates with the interior of the motor body 210 is provided at the bottom of the motor body 210.
  • a first opening 221 that communicates with the interior of the motor body 210
  • a bottom opening (not shown) that communicates with the interior of the motor body 210 is provided at the bottom of the motor body 210.
  • outside air flows into the motor body 210 from the first opening 221 and exchanges heat with the motor body 210.
  • the air inside the motor body 210 can be discharged from the second opening to reduce the operation time of the motor body 210
  • the temperature makes the motor body 210 within a suitable operating temperature range, and the heat exchange efficiency is high.
  • the first opening 221 and the second opening may be provided at any suitable position in the rotor shell 220 or the motor body 210 according to actual requirements.
  • the first opening 221 serves as an air inlet, that is, outside air enters the motor body 210 through the first opening 221
  • the second opening corresponds to an exhaust port
  • the first opening 221 serves as an exhaust port
  • the second opening corresponds to the air inlet.
  • the protective case 400 includes a protective member 410, a fixing portion 420, a shaft hole 430, a through portion 440 and a plurality of heat dissipating teeth 450.
  • the protection member 410 is located above the rotor shell 220 and covers the first opening 221, and can be detachably connected to the motor 200.
  • the water vapor and solids above the motor 200 such as liquid, dust, and solid suspended particles, will be blocked by the protection member 410 to prevent the water vapor and solids from entering the motor body 210 from the first opening 221.
  • the protective member 410 is detachably connected to the motor 200, the protective shell 400 can be quickly removed from the motor 200, which is convenient for the user Internal cleaning can improve the cleaning efficiency of the motor 200, thereby increasing the service life of the motor 200 and ensuring the reliability of the operation of the drone 100.
  • the protection member 410 includes a cover portion 411 and a guide portion 412, the cover portion 411 covers the first opening 221, the guide portion 412 extends outward from the periphery of the cover portion 411, so as to remove the moisture or the upper surface of the cover portion 411
  • the solid body is guided to the side of the motor body 210 and can prevent water vapor and solid bodies from entering the motor body 210 from the first opening 221.
  • An angle is formed between the guide portion 412 and the cover portion 411, and the guide portion 412 is inclined toward the rotor case 220.
  • the included angle may be an obtuse angle, an acute angle, or a right angle, which may play a certain protective role.
  • the included angle is an obtuse angle to effectively guide the water vapor and solids on the upper surface of the guide portion 412 and the cover portion 411 to the side of the motor body 210, especially when the drone is operating in the air Drones can also maintain low weight when working in harsh environments such as heavy rain or spraying pesticides.
  • the protection member 410 can be designed into a substantially circular shape, a substantially elliptical shape, a substantially square shape, a substantially parallelogram shape, a trapezoid shape, and other regular or irregular shapes according to actual applications, and can be based on different applications Various sizes are designed as long as the first opening 221 can be effectively covered.
  • the shape of the protector 410 is adapted to the shape of the rotor shell 220. Since the motor body 210 is generally substantially cylindrical, the contour of the upper end surface of the rotor shell 220 is approximately circular. In this embodiment, the protector 410 is approximately circular.
  • the diameter of the protector 410 is equal to the diameter of the upper end surface of the rotor shell 220, and may be larger than the upper end surface of the rotor shell 220.
  • the maximum circumferential dimension of the guide portion 412 is greater than the circumferential dimension of the upper end surface of the rotor shell 220 so as to be able to resist the water vapor or solid guided by the guide portion 412 from falling to the upper end surface of the rotor shell 220. It can be understood that in other embodiments, the maximum circumferential dimension of the guide portion 412 may also be equal to the circumferential dimension of the upper end surface of the rotor shell 220.
  • the maximum circumferential dimension of the guide portion 412 is slightly larger than the circumferential dimension of the upper end surface of the rotor shell 220 in consideration of minimizing the impact on the airflow, the protection member 410 and the motor
  • the diameter difference of the upper end surface of the main body 210 is approximately within 1 cm.
  • the protector 410 and the rotor case 220 are spaced apart. That is, there is a gap between the protector 410 and the rotor case 220, so that a gap 500 is formed between the protector 410 and the rotor case 220, which can allow air circulation to reduce the temperature of the motor body 210 and extend the use of the motor 200 Life expectancy, improve the working reliability of motor 200.
  • Outside air may enter between the protective member 410 and the motor 200 from the gap 500, and enter the motor body 210 through the first opening 221. It can be understood that the air in the motor body 210 can also flow out from the first opening 221 between the protection member 410 and the motor 200 and be discharged through the gap 500
  • the material of the protection member 410 may be a high-strength material such as thermoplastic, thermosetting plastic, or metal.
  • the thermoplastic can be phenolic, epoxy, etc.
  • Thermosetting plastics can be polyphenylsulfone (PPS), polysulfone (PSF), polyethersulfone (PES), polyimide (PI), polyamideimine (PAI), polyetherimine (PEI), polyether Ether ketone (PEEK), polybenzimidazole (PBI), etc.
  • the metal may be aluminum, aluminum-magnesium alloy, stainless steel, or titanium alloy. It can be understood that the protection member 410 is not limited to the above-mentioned materials, and may be any other suitable materials.
  • the protective member 410 is detachably connected to the rotor shell 220 so that the protective shell 400 and the motor 200 can be easily disassembled and assembled.
  • the protective case 400 can be quickly removed from the motor 200, which can improve the inspection efficiency or maintenance efficiency of the motor 200, and can also improve the user experience.
  • the detachable connection method is not limited to one, for example, the protection member 410 and the rotor case 220 may be connected by a connection structure such as a snap structure or screws.
  • the fixing portion 420 has a hole structure, and the connecting member, such as a screw, penetrates the hole structure, and fixes the protector 410 to the rotor case 220.
  • the connecting piece is a screw
  • the hole structure is a threaded through hole.
  • the connecting member is not limited to screws, and any other connecting member that can realize the detachable connection between the protective member 410 and the rotor case 220 is within the scope of this embodiment.
  • the fixing portion 420 may be a snap structure, and the protector 410 is detachably connected to the rotor shell 220 through the snap structure.
  • the buckle structure can be designed according to actual needs. For example, it can be configured to include a hook provided on the protection member 410 and a groove provided in the rotor shell 220, or other buckling methods, as long as the protection member 410 and the rotor shell 220 can be locked and separated.
  • the number of the fixing portion 420 may be one or plural, for example, two, three, or four. In this embodiment, the number of the fixing portions 420 is plural, and the plurality of fixing portions 420 are provided at intervals along the circumferential direction of the protector 410. In order to ensure a stable and fixed connection between the protection member 410 and the rotor shell 220, a plurality of fixing portions 420 are arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the protection member 410. It can be understood that the arrangement of the fixing portions 420 is not limited to the above arrangement, but may be any other suitable arrangement.
  • the protector 410 is provided with a shaft hole 430 and a penetration portion 440.
  • the shaft hole 430 is surrounded by the cover portion 411, that is, the shaft hole 430 is directly opened in the cover portion 411, and the drive shaft 211 of the motor body 210 is inserted through the shaft hole 430 and connected to the propeller 300.
  • the power device further includes a locking member 600 that penetrates the rotor shell 220, the penetrating portion 440 and the propeller 300, and locks the rotor shell 220, the penetrating portion 440 and the propeller 300.
  • the number of the penetrating portions 440 is plural, for example, two or more, as long as the locking member 600 locks the motor 200, the protective member 410 and the propeller 300, the propeller 300 can work normally and stably.
  • the plurality of penetration portions 440 and the plurality of fixing portions 420 are provided at intervals along the circumferential direction of the protector 410.
  • the penetrating portion 440 is two penetrating holes symmetrically provided on both sides of the shaft hole 430, and the centers of the two penetrating holes and the center of the shaft hole 430 are on the same straight line, namely the shaft
  • the center of the hole 430 is located on the connecting line between the centers of the two through holes.
  • the side of the protection member 410 facing the rotor shell 220 is provided with a plurality of heat dissipation teeth 450.
  • the heat dissipation teeth 450 can enhance the mechanical performance of the protection element 410, and on the other hand, can realize the protection element 410 and the rotor shell 220
  • the interval is set to play a diversion role.
  • the heat dissipation teeth 450 are sequentially spaced along the circumferential direction of the protector 410, and are radially arranged along the radial direction of the protector 410, and a fan-shaped heat dissipation area is formed between two adjacent heat dissipation teeth 450.
  • the gap 500 can increase the overall heat dissipation area of the protective shell 400, increase the heat radiation space, and increase the air circulation effect of convection air.
  • the protection member 410 makes a rotational movement, and the heat dissipation teeth 450 also rotate accordingly. At this time, the heat dissipation teeth 450 can accelerate the speed of air flow around it, and accelerate the heat evacuation effect on the motor body 210 during operation.
  • the extending direction of the fan-shaped heat dissipation region formed by the plurality of heat dissipation teeth 450 is substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the first opening 221.
  • the flow direction of the air passing through the fan-shaped heat radiation area is substantially perpendicular to the flow direction of the air passing through the first opening 221.
  • the heat dissipation teeth 450 may be protruded from the surface of the protector 410, or may be recessed from the protector 410 toward the side away from the rotor case 220. In one embodiment, the heat dissipation teeth 450 and the protection member 410 may be provided as separate components. It can be understood that, in other embodiments, the heat dissipation teeth 450 and the protection member 410 may also be integrally formed to enhance the mechanical performance of the protection case 400.
  • the heat dissipation teeth 450 extend in a straight line along the radial direction of the protector 410, so that the gap 500 formed between the protector 410 and the rotor shell 220 can better fit the first opening 221 to ensure the effectiveness of air Into or out, accelerate the heat evacuation effect on the motor body 210 work.
  • the heat dissipation teeth 450 extend in a curved direction along the radial direction of the protector 410 to increase the overall heat dissipation specific surface area of the heat dissipation teeth 450 to a greater extent, thereby obtaining a better heat dissipation effect.
  • heat dissipation teeth 450 are not limited to the above-mentioned shape arrangement, and can be designed as a substantially S-shaped, other regular or irregular shape arrangement according to actual applications.
  • the heat dissipation tooth 450 includes a heat dissipation tooth body 451 and an inclined portion 452 connected to the heat dissipation tooth body 451.
  • the heat dissipation tooth body 451 extends inwardly from the periphery of the protector 410.
  • the inclined portion 452 is located at an end of the heat dissipation tooth body 451 facing the shaft hole 430, and inclines toward the direction of the protector 410 from the side of the heat dissipation tooth body 451 facing away from the protector 410 and extends inward.
  • the inclined portion 452 has a slope 4521 that extends from the end toward the shaft hole 430 to the heat dissipation tooth body 451 in such a manner that the distance from the protector 410 gradually increases.
  • the protective shell 400 is placed on the rotor shell 220 of the motor, the drive shaft 211 of the motor 200 is threaded through the shaft hole 430, the locking member 600 is threaded through the rotor shell 220 and the threading part 440, and the fixing part 420 is snapped on Or, the connecting part corresponds to the protective shell mounting portion of the rotor shell 220.
  • the driving shaft 211 is connected to the propeller 300, the locking member 600 is connected to the propeller 300, and the locking member 600 is locked to lock the propeller 300, the protection 400, and the motor 200.
  • the rotor shell 220 of the motor 200 is located below the protective shell 400 (referenced when the drone 100 is flying normally), and the protective shell 400 covers the first opening 221 of the rotor shell 220.
  • the rotor case 220 and the motor body 210 are assembled, and the power unit is assembled.
  • the protective case 400, the power device and the drone 100 provided in the above embodiments can quickly remove the protective case 400 from the motor 200 during cleaning or overhaul, which is convenient for users to clean or overhaul the inside of the motor 200, thereby improving the motor 200
  • the cleaning or maintenance efficiency can also improve the user experience.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种保护壳、动力装置及无人机，该保护壳(400)，用于保护无人机的电机(200)，保护壳(400)包括：保护件(410)，用于覆盖在电机(200)的上端面；固定部(420)，设于保护件(410)上用于与电机(200)可拆卸连接；轴孔(430)，开设于保护件(410)上，用于与电机(200)的驱动轴(211)配合；穿设部(440)，设于保护件(410)上，用于供锁紧件(600)穿设，以固定无人机(100)的螺旋桨(300)和电机(200)；以及多个散热齿(450)，多个散热齿(450)间隔设于保护件(410)的一侧，从保护件(410)的一侧向电机(200)的上端面延伸。本发明提供的保护壳便于拆装，能够方便电机内部清洗，提高电机的使用寿命，并提高工作的可靠性。

Description

一种保护壳、动力装置及无人机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机保护壳领域，尤其涉及一种保护壳、动力装置及无人机。
背景技术
目前，无人飞行器等机械运动设备的动力通过电机驱动螺旋桨的方式实现。电机通常包括电机主体和用于与螺旋桨连接的输出轴，电机主体的上表面(即电机主体的朝向螺旋桨的端面)通常为开放式结构，其具有开口，电机运转时产生的热量通过开口辐射到空气中，从而实现散热。而植保无人机的工作环境较为恶劣，在田间或者野外进行作业时，颗粒物、液体等杂物容易从电机主体上表面进入电机内部，因此电机经常需要清洗才能继续使用。而传统的电机的保护壳与电机外转子一体成型，用户想要对电机内部进行清洗必须将电机整体拆卸下来，再进行清洗，不仅效率低，而且影响用户的使用体验。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种保护壳、动力装置及无人机，旨在方便电机清洗，提高电机的使用寿命，并提高工作的可靠性。
一种保护壳，用于保护无人机的电机，所述保护壳包括：
保护件，用于覆盖在所述电机的上端面；
固定部，设于所述保护件上用于与所述电机可拆卸连接；
轴孔，开设于所述保护件上，用于与所述电机的驱动轴配合；
穿设部，设于所述保护件上，用于供锁紧件穿设，以固定所述无人机的螺旋桨和电机；以及
多个散热齿，多个所述散热齿间隔设于所述保护件的一侧，从所述保护件的一侧向所述电机的上端面延伸。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述固定部为孔结构，用于供连接件穿设，以使所述固定部能够安装或拆卸于所述电机。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述固定部的数量为多个，多个所述固定部沿所述保护件的周向间隔设置。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述固定部为螺纹通孔或者卡合结构。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述轴孔由所述保护件围合形成。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述穿设部为两个对称设置于所述轴孔两侧的穿设孔，所述两个穿设孔的中心与所述轴孔的中心在同一条直线上。
在本发明的保护壳中，散热齿沿所述保护件的径向呈放射状排列。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述散热齿呈直线延伸设置。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述散热齿呈弯曲延伸设置。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述散热齿包括散热齿本体和与散热齿本体连接的倾斜部，所述倾斜部具有斜面，所述斜面以与所述保护件的距离逐渐增大的方式从靠近所述保护件中部的一端向外延伸。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述保护件包括：
盖合部，用于盖合电机的上端面，所述轴孔设于所述盖合部上；
导引部，从所述盖合部的周缘向外延伸，用于将所述盖合部表面的水汽或固体导引至电机的侧部。
在本发明的保护壳中，所述盖合部与所述导引部的夹角为钝角。
一种动力装置，包括螺旋桨、电机和如上所述的保护壳，所述电机与所述保护壳可拆卸连接，所述螺旋桨安装在所述电机和所述保护壳上。
一种无人机，包括机身、机臂以及如上所述的动力装置，所述动力装置设置于所述机臂一端，用于为所述无人机提供飞行动力。
本发明实施例提供了一种保护壳、动力装置及无人机，由于固定部与电机可拆卸连接，因而使得保护壳和电机方便拆装。当用户需要对电机内部进行清洗或检修时，能够快速将保护壳从电机上拆卸下来，方便用户对电机内部进行清洗或检修，从而提高电机的清洗或检修效率，同时也能够提高了用户的使用体验。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一实施例提供的无人机的结构示意图；
图2是图1中的动力装置的结构示意图；
图3是图2中动力装置的分解示意图；
图4为图2中动力装置的部分部件的剖面示意图，其中示出了保护壳以及电机的转子壳、驱动轴；
图5为图2中保护壳一角度的结构示意图；
图6为图2中保护壳另一角度的结构示意图；
图7为图5中保护壳的剖面示意图；
图8为图7在A处的局部放大示意图。
附图标记说明：
100、无人机；110、机身；120、机臂；121、电机安装座；200、电机；210、电机主体；211、驱动轴；220、转子壳；221、第一开口；300、螺旋桨；400、保护壳；410、保护件；411、盖合部；412、导引部；420、固定部；430、轴孔；440、穿设部；450、散热齿；451、散热齿本体；452、倾斜部；4521、斜面；500、夹缝；600、锁紧件。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
还应当理解，在此本发明说明书中所使用的术语仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的而并不意在限制本发明。如在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的那样，除非上下文清楚地指明其它情况，否则单数形式的“一”、“一个”及“该”意在包括复数形式。
还应当进一步理解，在本发明说明书和所附权利要求书中使用的术语“和/或”是指相关联列出的项中的一个或多个的任何组合以及所有可能组合，并且包括这些组合。
请参阅图1，本发明实施例提供的无人机100，其用于搭载负载，例如摄影机、相机、喷洒装置、水箱、药箱、播种箱、运载物等。无人机100具体的可以为多旋翼无人机、固定翼无人机或者无人直升机等。无人机100包括机身110、机臂120和动力装置，机臂120从机身110伸出。
动力装置可以设置在机臂120的任意合适部位。例如，动力装置可以设置在机臂120的端部，也可以靠近机臂120的端部设置。在一些实施方式中，无人机100包括至少两个机臂120，至少两个机臂120对称地或不对称地围绕机身110设置。每一个机臂120可以支撑一个动力装置，也可以支撑多个动力装置。每一个机臂120上可以承载不同数量的动 力装置，也可以承载相同数量的动力装置。
本实施方式中，一架无人机100上设置有四个动力装置，并分别设置在无人机100的四个机臂120上。但可以理解的，动力装置的其他适当数量、类型或排布都是可实施的。
请参阅图2至图4，其中，动力装置包括电机200、螺旋桨300和保护壳400，电机200与保护壳400可拆卸连接。
机臂120远离机身110的部位设有用于安装电机200的电机安装座121。电机200固定设置在电机安装座121上，并通过紧固件或卡接件与电机安装座实现固定连接。其中，电机200通常为有刷电机或无刷电机，本实施例中主要指无刷电机。
本实施方式中，电机200的数量为四个，四个电机200分别设置在机臂12上。可以理解的，在其他实施方式中，电机200的数量可以根据具体的设计需求设置为其他任何适当的数量，例如一个、两个、三个、五个、六个或者更多。
其中，电机200包括电机主体210和固定于电机主体210上部的转子壳220。电机主体210具有转子、定子和驱动轴211，驱动轴211贯穿转子壳220并与螺旋桨300连接。转子能够在定子通电后产生的电磁场作用下绕着驱动轴211旋转，从而驱动螺旋桨300产生转动，从而带动无人机100完成起飞、着陆、悬停等作业。
需要说明的是，本发明实施方式的描述中出现的上、下、底、顶等方位用语是以保护壳400安装于电机200、该电机200安装于无人机100以后，无人机100常规运行姿态为参考，而不应认为具有限制性。
电机200在运行过程中，会产生大量的热量。为了提高电机200的工作效率及工作稳定性，需要将电机200产生的热量迅速从电机200内散发出去。其中，电机200所产生的热量的散发方式包括以下至少两种：
第一种散热方式：转子壳220与电机主体210形成散热结构，通过电机主体210的壳体、转子壳220进行热交换、热辐射等方式进行传递。
第二种散热方式，转子壳220与电机主体210形成一散热通道，电机主体210的内部空气可以通过该散热通道与外部空气的进行热交换，以实现热量的散发。
需要说明的是，电机200内部热量的散发方式并不仅限于上述两种，任意可以将电机200因运转而产生的热量散发出去的方式，都应当属于本实施例的保护范围内。
螺旋桨300位于电机200背离电机安装座121的一侧。螺旋桨300可以是正桨或者反桨。所谓正桨，是指从电机200的尾部向电机200头部方向看，逆时针旋转以产生升力的螺旋桨。所谓反桨，是指从电机200尾部向电机200头部方向看，顺时针旋转以产生升力 的螺旋桨。
对于螺旋桨300的设置个数、结构以及相对机身110的角度不做限定，能够在电机200的驱动下带动无人机飞行启停即可。具体的，螺旋桨300的数量可以是任何适当的数量，例如一个或多个(两个、三个或者更多)。螺旋桨300可以相对于机身110水平、垂直或其他任何角度设置。
本实施方式中，转子壳220上设有与电机主体210内部导通的第一开口221，电机主体210底部设有与电机主体210内部导通的第二开口(未标示)。电机主体210运行过程中，外界空气从第一开口221流入电机主体210内并与电机主体210进行热交换，电机主体210内部的空气可以从第二开口向外排出，以降低电机主体210运行时的温度，使得电机主体210处于合适的工作温度范围内，热交换效率高。
在其他实施方式中，第一开口221和第二开口可以根据实际需求设置在转子壳220或电机主体210的任意合适位置。当第一开口221作为进气口，即外界空气经该第一开口221进入电机主体210内时，第二开口相应的为排气口；当第一开口221作为排气口，即电机主体210内的气体经该第一开口221排出时，第二开口相应的为进气口。
请参阅图5至图8，保护壳400包括保护件410、固定部420、轴孔430、穿设部440和多个散热齿450。
请再次参阅图2和图3，其中，保护件410位于转子壳220的上方并遮盖第一开口221，并能够与电机200可拆卸地连接。在无人机正常工作时，电机200上方的水汽以及固体，例如液体、粉尘、固体悬浮颗粒，将被保护件410阻挡，防止水汽以及固体从第一开口221进入电机主体210内部。即使在水汽以及固体进入电机主体210内部，需要对电机200进行清洗时，由于保护件410与电机200可拆卸连接，因而保护壳400也能够快速从电机200上拆卸下来，方便用户对电机200的内部进行清洗，可以提高电机200的清洗效率，从而提高电机200的使用寿命，保证了无人机100工作的可靠性。
保护件410包括盖合部411和导引部412，盖合部411覆盖第一开口221，导引部412从盖合部411的周缘向外延伸，以将盖合部411上表面的水汽或固体导引至电机主体210的侧部，能够起到抵挡水汽以及固体从第一开口221进入电机主体210内部。
导引部412与盖合部411之间形成一夹角，且导引部412朝向转子壳220方向倾斜，夹角可以是钝角、锐角或直角，能够起到一定的防护作用即可。在一实施方式中，夹角呈钝角，以将导引部412与盖合部411上表面的水汽以及固体有效导引至电机主体210的侧部，当无人机在空中运行时，尤其在暴雨或喷洒农药等恶劣环境工作时，无人机也能够保 持较低重量。
对保护件410的具体形状而言，该保护件410可以根据实际应用设计为大致圆形、大致椭圆形、大致方形、大致平行四边形、梯形以及其他规则或不规则形状，并且可以根据不同的应用设计出各种尺寸，只要能够有效地保证遮盖第一开口221即可。
本实施例中，保护件410的形状与转子壳220的形状相适配。由于电机主体210通常大致呈圆柱状，转子壳220的上端面轮廓大致为圆形，在本实施方式中，保护件410大致呈圆形。
当保护件410大致为圆形时，保护件410的直径与转子壳220的上端面的直径相等，也可以大于转子壳220的上端面。具体的，导引部412的最大周向尺寸大于转子壳220上端面的周向尺寸，以能够抵挡导引部412导引的水汽或固体掉落至转子壳220的上端面。可以理解的，在其他实施方式中，导引部412的最大周向尺寸也可以是等于转子壳220上端面的周向尺寸。
请参阅图2和图3，在本实施方式中，考虑到尽量减小对气流的影响，导引部412的最大周向尺寸略大于转子壳220上端面的周向尺寸，保护件410与电机主体210的上端面直径差值大致在1cm之内。
保护件410与转子壳220之间间隔设置。即，保护件410与转子壳220之间存在间距，以使得保护件410与转子壳220之间形成夹缝500，该夹缝500可以允许空气流通，以降低电机主体210的温度，延长电机200的使用寿命，提高电机200工作可靠性。外部空气可以从该夹缝500进入保护件410与电机200之间，并经第一开口221进入电机主体210内。可以理解的，电机主体210内的空气也可以从第一开口221流出至保护件410与电机200之间，并经该夹缝500向外排出
保护件410的材料可以是热塑性塑料、热固性塑料或金属等高强度材料。热塑性塑料可以是酚醛塑料、环氧塑料等等。热固性塑料可以为聚苯砜(PPS)、聚砜(PSF)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚酰亚胺(PI)、聚酰胺亚胺(PAI)、聚醚亚胺(PEI)、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚苯并咪唑(PBI)等等。金属可以为铝、铝镁合金、不锈钢、钛合金。可以理解的，保护件410不仅限于上述材料构成，也可以是其他任何合适的材料。
保护件410与转子壳220可拆卸连接，以使保护壳400与电机200方便拆装。当用户需要对电机200内部进行检修或维护，例如清洗时，可以将保护壳400快速从电机200上拆卸下来，可以提高电机200的检修效率或维护效率，而且也能够提高了用户的使用体验。
可以理解的，可拆卸连接方式不限于一种，例如保护件410与转子壳220之间可以通 过卡扣结构或螺丝等连接件连接等方式。在本实施方式中，固定部420为孔结构，连接件例如螺丝穿设孔结构，并使保护件410固定于转子壳220上。当连接件为螺丝时，孔结构为螺纹通孔。可以理解的，连接件不限于螺丝，任何其他可实现保护件410与转子壳220之间可拆卸连接的连接件均属于本实施方式范围内。
在其他实施方式中，固定部420可以为卡扣结构，保护件410通过该卡扣结构与转子壳220实现可拆卸连接。卡扣结构可以根据实际需要设计具体结构，例如，设置为包括设置于保护件410上的卡勾及设置于转子壳220的卡槽，或其他卡扣方式，只要能够实现保护件410与转子壳220锁紧及分离即可。
固定部420的数量可以是一个，也可以是多个，例如两个、三个或四个等。在本实施方式中，固定部420的数量为多个，多个固定部420沿保护件410的周向间隔设置。为了保证保护件410与转子壳220稳定固定连接，多个固定部420沿保护件410的周向等间距设置。可以理解的，固定部420的排布不仅限于上述排布设置，也可以是其他任何合适的排布。
保护件410上设有轴孔430和穿设部440。具体的，轴孔430由盖合部411围合形成，即，在盖合部411上直接开设轴孔430，电机主体210的驱动轴211穿设该轴孔430与螺旋桨300连接。
动力装置还包括锁紧件600，锁紧件600穿设转子壳220、穿设部440和螺旋桨300，并将转子壳220、穿设部440和螺旋桨300锁紧。穿设部440的数量为多个，例如可以是两个或更多，只要保证当锁紧件600将电机200、保护件410与螺旋桨300锁紧后，螺旋桨300可以正常稳定工作即可。在本实施方式中，多个个穿设部440与多个固定部420沿保护件410的周向间隔设置。
为了保证螺旋桨300的安装稳定性，穿设部440为两个对称设置于轴孔430两侧的穿设孔，两个穿设孔的中心与轴孔430的中心在同一条直线上，即轴孔430的中心位于两个穿设孔的中心的连接线上。
在一实施方式中，保护件410朝向转子壳220的一侧设有多个散热齿450，散热齿450一方面能够增强保护件410的机械性能，另一方面能够实现保护件410与转子壳220之间的间隔设置，起到导流作用。
具体的，散热齿450沿保护件410的周向依次间隔设置，并沿保护件410的径向呈放射状排列，相邻两个散热齿450之间形成扇形散热区域，该扇形散热区域即为前述的夹缝500，其可以提高保护壳400的整体散热面积，提高散热辐射空间，并增加对流空气的空 气流通效果。当电机主体210工作时，保护件410做旋转运动，散热齿450也相应转动。此时，散热齿450能够加速其周围的空气流动速度，加快对电机主体210工作所产生的热量疏散效果。
多个散热齿450形成的扇形散热区域的延伸方向大致垂直于第一开口221的延伸方向。此时，经过扇形散热区域的空气的流动方向大致垂直于经过第一开口221的空气的流动方向。
散热齿450可以是从保护件410表面凸设，也可以是从保护件410向背离转子壳220的一侧凹陷形成。在一实施方式中，散热齿450与保护件410可以分别为独立部件设置。可以理解的，在其他实施方式中，散热齿450与保护件410也可以是一体成型，以增强保护壳400的机械性能。
在一实施方式中，散热齿450沿保护件410的径向呈直线延伸，以使得保护件410与转子壳220之间形成的夹缝500能够更好地适配第一开口221，保证空气的有效进入或排出，加快对电机主体210工作所产生的热量疏散效果。
在另一实施方式中，散热齿450沿保护件410的径向呈弯曲延伸，以更大程度地提高散热齿450的整体散热比表面积，从而得到更好的散热效果。
可以理解的，散热齿450不限上述形状排布设置，可以根据实际应用设计为大致S形、其他规则或不规则形状的排布设置。
散热齿450包括散热齿本体451和与散热齿本体451连接的倾斜部452。散热齿本体451从保护件410的周缘向内延伸形成。倾斜部452位于散热齿本体451朝向轴孔430的一端，且从散热齿本体451背离保护件410的一侧朝向保护件410方向倾斜并向内延伸。具体的，倾斜部452具有斜面4521，斜面4521以与保护件410的距离逐渐增大的方式从朝向轴孔430的一端延伸至散热齿本体451。
组装时，将保护壳400放置于电机的转子壳220上，使电机200的驱动轴211穿设轴孔430，锁紧件600穿设转子壳220和穿设部440，固定部420卡扣于或通过连接件对应于转子壳220的保护壳安装部。驱动轴211连接于螺旋桨300，锁紧件600连接于螺旋桨300，锁紧锁紧件600，使螺旋桨300、保护400与电机200锁紧。此时，电机200的转子壳220位于保护壳400的下方(以无人机100正常飞行时为参照)，保护壳400遮盖转子壳220的第一开口221。组装转子壳220和电机主体210，动力装置组装完成。
上述实施例提供的保护壳400、动力装置及无人机100，清洗或检修时，能够快速将保护壳400从电机200上拆卸下来，方便用户对电机200内部进行清洗或检修，从而提高 电机200的清洗或检修效率，同时也能够提高了用户的使用体验。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到各种等效的修改或替换，这些修改或替换都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (25)

  1. 一种保护壳，用于保护无人机的电机，其特征在于，所述保护壳包括：
    保护件，用于覆盖在所述电机的上端面；
    固定部，设于所述保护件上用于与所述电机可拆卸连接；
    轴孔，开设于所述保护件上，用于与所述电机的驱动轴配合；
    穿设部，设于所述保护件上，用于供锁紧件穿设，以固定所述无人机的螺旋桨和电机；以及
    多个散热齿，多个所述散热齿间隔设于所述保护件的一侧，从所述保护件的一侧向所述电机的上端面延伸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述固定部为孔结构，用于供连接件穿设，以使所述固定部能够安装或拆卸于所述电机。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述固定部的数量为多个，多个所述固定部沿所述保护件的周向间隔设置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述固定部为螺纹通孔或者卡合结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述轴孔由所述保护件围合形成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述穿设部为两个对称设置于所述轴孔两侧的穿设孔，所述两个穿设孔的中心与所述轴孔的中心在同一条直线上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的保护壳，其特征在于，散热齿沿所述保护件的径向呈放射状排列。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述散热齿呈直线延伸设置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述散热齿呈弯曲延伸设置。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述散热齿包括散热齿本体和与散热齿本体连接的倾斜部，所述倾斜部具有斜面，所述斜面以与所述保护件的距离逐渐增大的方式从靠近所述保护件中部的一端向外延伸。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10任一项所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述保护件包括：
    盖合部，用于盖合电机的上端面，所述轴孔设于所述盖合部上；
    导引部，从所述盖合部的周缘向外延伸。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述盖合部与所述导引部的夹角 为钝角。
  13. 一种动力装置，其特征在于，包括螺旋桨、电机和保护壳，
    所述保护壳用于保护所述电机，所述保护壳包括：保护件，用于覆盖在所述电机的上端面；
    固定部，设于所述保护件上用于与所述电机可拆卸连接；
    轴孔，开设于所述保护件上，用于与所述电机的驱动轴配合；
    穿设部，设于所述保护件上，用于供锁紧件穿设，以固定所述无人机的螺旋桨和电机；以及
    多个散热齿，多个所述散热齿间隔设于所述保护件的一侧，从所述保护件的一侧向所述电机的上端面延伸；其中，
    所述电机与所述保护壳可拆卸连接，所述螺旋桨安装在所述电机和所述保护壳上。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的动力装置，其特征在于，其特征在于，所述固定部为孔结构，用于供连接件穿设，以使所述固定部能够安装或拆卸于所述电机。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述固定部的数量为多个，多个所述固定部沿所述保护件的周向间隔设置。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述固定部为螺纹通孔或者卡合结构。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述轴孔由所述保护件围合形成。
  18. 根据权利要求13所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述穿设部为两个对称设置于所述轴孔两侧的穿设孔，所述两个穿设孔的中心与所述轴孔的中心在同一条直线上。
  19. 根据权利要求13所述的动力装置，其特征在于，散热齿沿所述保护件的径向呈放射状排列。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述散热齿呈直线延伸设置。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述散热齿呈弯曲延伸设置。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述散热齿包括散热齿本体和与散热齿本体连接的倾斜部，所述倾斜部具有斜面，所述斜面以与所述保护件的距离逐渐增大的方式从靠近所述保护件中部的一端向外延伸。
  23. 根据权利要求13-22任一项所述的动力装置，其特征在于，所述保护件包括：
    盖合部，用于盖合电机的上端面，所述轴孔设于所述盖合部上；
    导引部，从所述盖合部的周缘向外延伸。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的保护壳，其特征在于，所述盖合部与所述导引部的夹角为钝角。
  25. 一种无人机，其特征在于，包括机身、机臂以及如权利要求13至24中任一项所述的动力装置，所述动力装置设置于所述机臂一端，用于为所述无人机提供飞行动力。
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WO2021212323A1 (zh) * 2020-04-21 2021-10-28 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 电机、动力装置及无人飞行器

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