WO2020099575A1 - Procédé de commutation d'une charge - Google Patents

Procédé de commutation d'une charge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020099575A1
WO2020099575A1 PCT/EP2019/081353 EP2019081353W WO2020099575A1 WO 2020099575 A1 WO2020099575 A1 WO 2020099575A1 EP 2019081353 W EP2019081353 W EP 2019081353W WO 2020099575 A1 WO2020099575 A1 WO 2020099575A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuator
control unit
current path
signal
output signals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2019/081353
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Karsten Handt
Stefan Hänsel
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2020099575A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020099575A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/08—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage
    • H03K17/082—Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage by feedback from the output to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
    • H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/28—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching
    • H03K17/284—Modifications for introducing a time delay before switching in field effect transistor switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for switching an electrical load connected to a load connection of an electrical network.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program product with which the method can be carried out.
  • the invention likewise relates to a switching arrangement which is designed to implement the method.
  • a load supplying the load current is measured by means of a shunt and sent to a comparator as a corresponding measurement signal. If the measured value falls below a reference value, a transistor lying in a load path is turned on by a control signal, i. H. Controlled to conduct current, otherwise controlled, i.e. controlled in a current-blocking manner.
  • a control signal i. H. Controlled to conduct current, otherwise controlled, i.e. controlled in a current-blocking manner.
  • a method step comprises acquiring, by means of a measured value acquisition device, a measured value on the current path.
  • a further method step comprises supplying the measured value by means of a measured value Signals from the data acquisition device, to two or more circuits.
  • the two or more circuits each have a comparator to which a reference value that can be set by a control unit is available.
  • the two or more circuits each have a signal delay device which causes a signal delay which can be set by the control unit.
  • the comparators compare the measured value obtained with the respective reference value and output an output signal corresponding to a comparison result.
  • the output signals of the comparators are each supplied to the signal delay devices, which cause an individually adjustable signal delay.
  • the output signals corresponding to a respective comparison result of the comparators and delayed in accordance with the respective signal delay are suitable for directly controlling the actuator.
  • the step of signal delay brings the part before that the output signals of the comparators can be delayed by a defined period of time; thus the action to be taken, i.e. the control of the actuator, be delayed.
  • the signal delay devices can be either analog or digital.
  • the actuator is activated depending on the output signals to interrupt the current path.
  • the shortest delayed output signal reaches the actuator first and triggers an opening of the current path by the actuator.
  • Those output signals of the circuits which contain no control command for the actuator to open the current path due to the comparison in the comparator, do not lead to any opening of the current path, regardless of their delay.
  • the current path is interrupted at different speeds depending on the level of the measured value. In this way, a step-shaped shutdown characteristic, ie a staggered shutdown, can be realized.
  • two or more comparators with a corresponding reference voltage source and delay circuit are connected in parallel.
  • All reference voltage sources and signal delay devices are connected to the control unit. Using different reference values and different delays, it is possible to trigger an action of the actuator at differently high measured values, ie to open a current switch at different speeds in order to interrupt the current path. If this switching arrangement includes an ADC, which converts the measured value into a digital signal and feeds it to the control unit for a digital comparison in the control unit, the very time-critical reference values, i.e.
  • the cases with a high damage potential can be used in which measured values increase a reference value by a high Exceed dimension, are processed via faster-working comparators and the less time-critical reference values, ie the cases in which the measured values only exceed a threshold value by a relatively small amount, via a digital, less fast comparison in the control unit.
  • the less time critical values do not need to be pure reference value comparisons, but can also be an integral of the current, for example i * t, or an integral of the losses, e.g. B. i 2 * t.
  • the circuit arrangement according to the invention comprises two parallel circuits, so that the step-shaped tripping characteristic has two different tripping times.
  • the number of parallel circuits can be increased arbitrarily.
  • the more circuits with comparators using different reference values and with different signal delays are connected in parallel the more precisely a simulate a specified continuous tripping characteristic with the generated step-shaped tripping characteristic.
  • the method can be used in a circuit arrangement used as a circuit breaker which, in the event of an impermissible deviation of a load current from a predetermined reference value, i. H. If a defined threshold value is exceeded, a current limitation is guaranteed by opening the current path both in the event of a short circuit and overload, as well as when current peaks occur. This protects both the current path, the operating voltage connection and the load from excessive currents that can have a damaging effect.
  • the load can be a capacitive and / or ohmic and / or inductive load; it can be an electrical consumer such as an electrical component or an electrical device, an electrical system or an entire production facility in which electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy. Examples of the load are an electric motor, a DC / AC converter, a DC / DC converter, a power pack, an accumulator, a fan heater or a headlight. It is possible that the electrical network is a DC network, which enables energy recovery by feeding back braking energy from electrical consumers, which in this case act as electrical generators.
  • a current path runs between an operating voltage connection and the load connection.
  • the load to be switched is connected to the load connection, which can have a positive pole and a negative pole, in such a way that an operating voltage applied to the operating voltage connection of the network leads to a load current via the current path to the load.
  • the operating voltage can be an AC voltage with e.g. B.
  • One method step is the acquisition of a measurement value on the current path, the measurement value acquisition being carried out by a measurement value acquisition device.
  • the load current flowing via the current path produces effects which are recorded as a measured value by a measured value acquisition device.
  • the load current flowing through the current measuring resistor causes a voltage drop proportional to its strength, which is measured by a voltage measuring device connected in parallel.
  • the measured value acquisition device can also be a thermal sensor, e.g. B. have a platinum measuring resistor, which detects the temperature of the current path, it being concluded from the thermal effect of the load current on its strength.
  • the measured value acquisition device can also be a magnetic sensor, e.g. B. have a Hall sensor, which detects the magnetic field on the current path, it being concluded from the magnetic effect of the load current on its strength.
  • the measured value detected by the measured value detection device is supplied in the form of a measured value signal to the comparators of the two or more circuits, for example via a measured signal line.
  • the measured value signal can also include further information such as the time of the measured value acquisition.
  • a reference value is supplied from a reference value source to the comparators of the two or more circuits.
  • the reference value source can be designed as a reference voltage source which, as a reference value, supplies a defined voltage value, which corresponds to a defined current intensity in the current path, to an input of the comparator.
  • the reference value provided by the reference value source can be set by the control unit.
  • the comparators are designed analogously.
  • An analog comparator is an electronic circuit which compares two voltages present at its two inputs. The output of the comparator provides an output signal which, in binary / digital form, indicates which of the two input voltages is higher.
  • the output signals of the comparators can be supplied to a control unit. It is possible that the comparators and the control unit are in a single component, e.g. a semiconductor chip are integrated.
  • the control unit can receive the information from the comparators as to whether the load current exceeds one or more defined threshold values; In addition, the control unit advantageously has further information about the overall system, for. B. on the time behavior of the operating voltage supply through the network and / or on the time behavior and the operating state of the load.
  • the control unit then controls the actuator depending on the output signals of the two or more circuits.
  • the control signal to the actuator aims at an action of the actuator, i. H. leaving the existing situation or changing the existing situation.
  • the action of the actuator can interrupt the current path.
  • the action of the actuator can also be that the current path is not interrupted. It is possible that the control unit controls an action of the actuator by sending a control signal, e.g. B. sends a voltage signal.
  • the control unit can be equipped with a computer program product, via which the control unit is operated and the switching method according to the invention is implemented.
  • the control unit can be designed as an internal control unit, which in a switching arrangement, in particular one Switch, is integrated.
  • the control unit can also be designed as a higher-level control unit, for example as a programmable logic controller, in short: PLC, which implements the method according to the invention.
  • the higher-level control unit can also be designed as a handheld parameterization device or a computer cloud.
  • the control unit can be designed as a combination of an internal control unit and a higher-level control unit, which allow the claimed computer program product to run in a segmented form in interaction.
  • the second component represents the time required to process the information and to output a switching signal.
  • the third component is the time it takes for the actuator, for example a power switch, to correct the error, for example an IGBT, until it has switched off.
  • the present invention makes it possible to keep the time for processing the information as short as possible. Nevertheless, the switch can be guaranteed to be digitized for further processing, digital status evaluation and digital parameterization, for example via a web server.
  • ADC analog-digital converter
  • the second option is an analog monitoring of the information of the measuring point.
  • an analog comparator is electrically connected to a reference voltage and to the measuring signal from the measuring point.
  • the output of the comparator is now either high or low, depending on whether the measurement signal exceeds the reference value or not.
  • This output signal from the comparator can be used to switch off the actuator directly.
  • This second option has the advantage that it is considerably faster than the option described above with the analog-digital conversion, but the reference value cannot be adjusted or only to a limited extent.
  • the present invention combines the advantages of the two known solutions: it uses the speed of the analog monitoring, but at the same time ensures that the reference value can be adjusted.
  • two or more comparators are used, each of which is connected to a variable voltage source as a reference signal.
  • DAC digital-to-analog converter
  • These variable voltage sources are controlled by a control unit.
  • the output signals of the comparators can, for example, be delayed via a flip-flop, so that the control unit can read back accordingly if one or more of the comparators has triggered.
  • control unit on the one hand, to set the trigger values for the switch by setting the reference values, and, on the other hand, to read back information about the current switch status.
  • the control unit thus retains the full setting option via the power switch, but the reaction time becomes very short.
  • the great advantage of this invention is that a very fast error detection can be carried out by means of analog comparators, but the switching arrangement remains parameterizable and all information can be made available in digital form to the control unit, ie a digital processing unit.
  • This makes it possible to provide a switching arrangement for different nominal ranges with the same hardware: e.g. B. With the same hardware, depending on the level of the set reference values, switching arrangements for 10 A or 44 A can be provided. Thus, storage costs can be reduced and one broader product portfolio are offered.
  • the invention also allows a concrete and complete status description of the switch, but also of the network used.
  • the control unit has the full range of settings via the switching arrangement, although the response time is very short. To the full controllability of the
  • the control unit can control the actuator, for. B. an opening of current contacts or a control of a transistor, d. H. to put the transistor in its current blocking state, cause.
  • a control signal or control command from the control unit has priority over any switching logic of the comparators that may be present and can force an action of the actuator independently of the comparators.
  • the comparators can already be integrated in the measuring point or housed in the same housing as the control unit.
  • the method comprises storing the output signals of the comparators in a memory, in particular a flip-flop, also called bistable flip-flop or flip-flop.
  • a memory in particular a flip-flop, also called bistable flip-flop or flip-flop.
  • the method comprises defining at least one of the reference values by the control unit.
  • One advantage achieved in this way is that at least one reference value can be adapted to the respective situation. If the control unit has information on the entire system, e.g. B. on the time behavior of the operating voltage supply through the network and / or on the time behavior and the operating state of the load, the control unit is able to define a reference value optimally adapted to the current situation.
  • the method comprises sending, by the control unit, a control signal to the actuator for opening or closing the current path.
  • the action of the actuator in response to the signal received from the control unit can be an opening or closing of the current path.
  • the action of the actuator can also consist in that a current switching situation is kept unchanged.
  • the method comprises converting the measured value signal into a digital signal and supplying the digital signal to the control unit.
  • an ADC can be integrated, which converts the output signal of the measuring point into a digital signal and makes it available to the control unit.
  • the control unit still digitally compares the measured value with a reference value and, if exceeded, controls the actuator depending on the comparison result can.
  • the network is a DC voltage network.
  • the output signals of the two or more circuits are combined in an OR operation.
  • the actuator is controlled via a control line that runs from the OR link to the actuator: As long as there is at least one output signal among the output signals of the two or more circuits that are combined in the OR link, which is a control command for contains the actuator for opening the current path, the shortest delayed output signal first reaches the actuator and triggers an opening of the current path by the actuator.
  • Those in the OR link to combined output signals of the two or more circuits which contain no control command for the actuator to open the current path due to the comparison in the comparator, do not result in any opening of the current path, regardless of their delay.
  • the method comprises steps with which it is possible to permanently set or leave the actuator in a switching state in which the current path is conductive.
  • a first option is that the control unit sends a permanent reset signal, which sets the output of an OR operation, in which the output signals of the comparators are combined, to low, that is to say that no control signal is sent to the actuator to interrupt the current path .
  • a possible output signal from a comparator that the actuator is to interrupt the current path can only reach the OR link, but not beyond.
  • an additional component is installed at any position in the signal path between the circuits and the actuator.
  • the additional component can be used as an AND operation can be formed, in which the output signals from the comparators and a signal from the control unit are merged. An output signal from the comparators is therefore only forwarded if it matches a control signal from the control unit.
  • the additional component can be designed as a switch with two switch positions, which allows an output signal coming from the comparators to pass in a first switch position and does not allow it to pass in a second switch position. The control unit controls the switching state of the switch via a switching signal. An output signal from the comparator is thus only forwarded in the direction of the actuator if the control unit permits this forwarding.
  • the task is also solved by an inventive computer program product.
  • the computer program product is designed such that it can be executed in a control unit.
  • the computer program product can be stored as software or firm ware in a memory and can be executed by an arithmetic unit.
  • the computer program product is designed to receive measured values and signals, to evaluate them and to generate commands to components of a switching arrangement, in particular a circuit breaker.
  • the computer program product is designed to implement and implement at least one embodiment of the sketched method for switching a load.
  • the task is also solved by a switching arrangement according to the invention for switching a load connected to a load connection of an electrical network.
  • the switching arrangement has a current path that runs between an operating voltage connection and the load connection and can be interrupted by an actuator.
  • the switching arrangement also has a measured value detection device, which is designed to detect a measured value on the current path.
  • the switching arrangement also has a parallel connection of two or more circuits.
  • the two or more circuits each comprise a comparator to which one of a measured value acquisition device, e.g. a measured value sensor, recorded measured value and a reference value that can be set by a control unit, e.g. provided by a reference value source, can be supplied, and which is designed to compare the measured value with the reference value and to output an output signal corresponding to a comparison result.
  • the two or more circuits each include a signal delay device with a signal delay that can be set by the control unit.
  • the two or more circuits are designed to output an output signal corresponding to a respective comparison result of the comparator and delayed in accordance with the respective signal delay, the output signals being configured for direct control of the actuator.
  • the switching arrangement is designed to control the actuator as a function of the output signals, to interrupt the current path.
  • the two or more circuits each comprise a memory, in particular a flip-flop, for storing the output signals of the two or more circuits, the output signals being able to be read out of the memories by the control unit.
  • the switching arrangement comprises an OR link, in which the output signals of the two or more circuits can be brought together, and a control line, which runs from the OR link to the actuator, for controlling the actuator.
  • the switching arrangement has a control unit to which the output signals of the two or more circuits can be fed, and which is designed to control an action as a function of the output signals.
  • the reference voltage sources, signal delay devices and memories that provide the reference values are each connected to the control unit.
  • An advantageous application of the invention is a switch series based on a single hardware configuration, in which types with different characteristics and / or tripping limit values can be generated by means of different settings by means of the control unit.
  • Another advantageous application of the invention is a switching device with different reference values depending on the current direction.
  • a switching device is such.
  • B. can be used in a DC network, the switching device for a current flowing into a load zone uses a different reference value than for a current flowing out of the load zone.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a not according to the invention
  • Switching arrangement 2 shows a second embodiment of a switching arrangement not according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a switching arrangement not according to the invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a switching arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 shows an alternative component for integration into the embodiment shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 10 shows a detailed illustration of the switching arrangement according to the invention introduced in FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram with a switching arrangement not according to the Invention 2. It shows a DC network 4, which has an operating voltage connection 10, to which the operating voltage of the DC network 4 is applied with respect to a reference point 11.
  • the operating voltage connection 10 is at a potential of +400 V while the reference point 11 is grounded.
  • An electrical load 6 is connected with its positive pole to a first load connection 8 and with its negative pole to a second load connection 9.
  • the second load Connection is against the grounded reference point 11 leads ge.
  • a current path 12 extends between the operating voltage connection 10 and the positive load connection 8.
  • the actuator 28 being designed as a power transistor.
  • the size of the load current flowing via the current path 12 is detected by the measured value detection device 14 as a measured value 16 and is supplied in the form of a measured value signal 18 to a first input of a comparator 20.
  • the measured value detection device 14 is designed as a shunt 14 located in the current path 12, the voltage 16 dropping across the shunt 14 being proportional to the load current through the current path 12.
  • the voltage 16 dropping at the shunt 14 is applied as a measured value signal 18 to the input of a comparator 20.
  • a reference voltage as reference value 22 which is provided by a reference value source 21 designed as a voltage source.
  • the comparator 20 makes a comparison of the two applied voltage values, i.e. of the measured value 16 with the reference value 22, and outputs at its output an output signal 24 corresponding to the comparison result, which is fed to a control unit 26.
  • the control unit has a read-only memory 30 in which a computer program product 80 with the steps for carrying out the switching method is stored.
  • the switching arrangement 2 has the control unit 26, which is designed as an internal control unit 64 and in which a computer program product 80 is stored in an executable manner.
  • the computer program product 80 is designed to control the switching arrangement 2 in such a way as to to implement the switching method outlined in FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • the control unit 26 evaluates the output signal 24 received by the comparator 20 and generates a control command for controlling the actuator 28 as a function of the output signal 24 and possibly of further input signals. If the actuator 28 is designed as a power transistor, as in the present exemplary embodiment, the Control unit 26 as a control command for controlling the load current change a voltage present at a gate connection of the transistor.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a switching arrangement not inven tion.
  • the illustration of the network 4 with the current path 12 and the load 6 is dispensed with.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 has
  • Switching arrangement additionally a memory 36, for. B. a flip-flop.
  • the output signal 24 of the comparator 20 is first led into the memory 36 and buffered there, and goes from the memory 36 on a first path to the control unit 26 and on a second path to an OR link 38, from which a control line 46 to Actuator 28 runs.
  • a control signal 34 of the control unit 26 is led to the OR link 38.
  • the control unit 26 can intervene in the switching logic of the comparator 20 via the OR link 38 and can force the actuator 28 to switch off, regardless of the comparator 20, the complete controllability of the actuator 28 is made possible by the control unit 26.
  • the control unit 26 can thus always switch off the switch 28, independently of the comparator 20.
  • the OR combination 38 ensures that the control unit 26 can in any case switch the actuator 28 in a current-blocking manner and prevents the comparator 20 from being unwanted, that is, although it speaks a current-blocking switching state of the actuator defined by the control unit 26, the actuator 28 can again conduct current.
  • the control unit 26 thus has the possibility, via the OR link 38, of permanently setting the actuator 28 into a current-blocking state.
  • the control unit 26 can read the output signal 24 of the comparator 20 from the memory 36, and has the ability to empty the memory 36 via a reset channel 40. So with the control unit 26 has the ability to read and evaluate the output signal 24 of the comparator 20.
  • Fig. 3 shows a third embodiment of a switching arrangement not inven tion.
  • the illustration of the network 4 with the current path 12 and the load 6 is dispensed with.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 has
  • Switching arrangement additionally an ADC 42.
  • the measured value signal 18 of the measured value detection device 14 is routed both to a first input of the comparator 20 and to the ADC 42.
  • the ADC 42 converts the analog measured value 16 obtained with the measured value signal 18 into a digital signal and feeds it to the control unit 26. In this way, further redundancy is achieved in the switching arrangement 2 and further information is made available to the control unit 26, so that the control unit for generating a control command to the actuator has the most complete picture of the load situation available.
  • Fig. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a switching arrangement not inven tion.
  • the illustration of the network 4 with the current path 12 and the load 6 is dispensed with.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 has
  • Switching arrangement additionally a filter 44.
  • the output signal of the comparator 20 is first passed into the filter 44 and from the filter 44 to the memory 36.
  • the control unit 26 has the possibility of setting the filter 44 via an adjustment channel 48. In this way it is possible to output filter 24 of comparator 20 by means of a filter 44 to delay in order to allow a time-delayed action of the actuator 28, for example a time-delayed opening of the current path 12.
  • the filter 44 can either be designed analog, which has the disadvantage that it cannot be adjusted online, or it can be designed digitally and can be parameterized accordingly by the control unit 26.
  • FIG. 5 shows a block diagram of a switching arrangement 2 according to the invention.
  • the representation of the network 4 with the current path 12 and the load 6 is omitted.
  • the block diagram shown in FIG. 5 has three circuit lines 51, 52, 53 connected in parallel in the circuit arrangement 2.
  • Each of the circuits 51, 52, 53 has a reference voltage source 21, a comparator 20, to which a measured value 16 detected by the measured value detection device 14 and a reference value 22 provided by the reference value source 21 can be fed, and which for comparing the measured value 16 with the reference value 22 and for outputting an output signal 24 corresponding to a comparison result, a filter 44 acting as a signal delay device, to which the output signal 24 of the comparator 20 is fed, and a memory 36 for storing the output signal 24 of the comparator 20, wherein the reference voltage sources 21 Filter 44 and memory 36 of the three circuits 51, 52, 53 are each connected to the control unit 26. Each of the outputs of the three memories 36 is connected to the input of the OR link 38.
  • FIG. 10 is a detailed illustration of the switching arrangement 2 shown in FIG. 5. It shows a DC network 4 which has an operating voltage connection 10 at which the operating voltage of the DC network 4 is applied with respect to a reference point 11.
  • the operating voltage connection 10 is at a potential of +400 V while the reference point 11 is grounded.
  • An electrical load 6 is connected with its positive pole to a first load connection 8 and with its negative pole to a second load connection 9.
  • the second load connection is against the grounded reference point 11 leads ge.
  • a current path 12 extends between the operating voltage connection 10 and the positive load connection 8.
  • the actuator 28 being designed as a power transistor.
  • the size of the load current flowing via the current path 12 is detected by the measured value detection device 14 as a measured value 16 and is supplied in the form of a measured value signal 18 to the first inputs of three comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 connected in parallel.
  • the measured value detection device 14 is designed as a shunt 14 located in the current path 12, the voltage 16 dropping across the shunt 14 being proportional to the load current through the current path 12.
  • the voltage 16 falling across the shunt 14 is applied as a measured value signal 18 to the first inputs V + of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.
  • V- of the comparators At the second inputs V- of the comparators
  • the reference voltage V ref which is from a reference value source 21.1, 21.2, 21.3 is provided, set by the control unit 26 with the aid of a setting signal 32.1, 32.2, 32.3, which the control unit 26 sends to the reference value source 21.1, 21.2, 21.3.
  • the reference values 22.1, 22.2, 22.3 are increasing in this order, i.e. the first reference value 22.1 fed to the first comparator 20.1 is lower than the second reference value 22.2 fed to the second comparator 20.2, and the second reference value 22.2 in turn is lower than the third reference value 22.3 fed to the third comparator 20.3.
  • the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 make a comparison of the two applied voltage values, i.e. of the measured value (V) 16 present at a first input V + with that
  • Comparator 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 supplied reference value (V ref , 1/2/3) 22.1, 22.2, 22.3 applied to a second input V- and give an output signal corresponding to the comparison result ( Vout , 1 / 2/3) 24 off.
  • the output signals 24.1, 24.2, 24.3 of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 are first of all in the filters 44.1, 44.2, 44.3 led.
  • the control unit 26 has adjustment channels
  • 44.1, 44.2, 44.3 can either be analog, which has the disadvantage that they cannot be adapted online, or they can be digital and, e.g. can be parameterized by the control unit 26.
  • the outputs 44.1, 44.2, 44.3 are the output signals
  • control unit 26 can intervene in the switch-off logic of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 via the OR link 38 and can force the switch 28 to be switched off, independently of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, the actuator 28 is completely controllable made possible by the control unit 26.
  • the control unit 26 can intervene in the switch-off logic of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 via the OR link 38 and can force the switch 28 to be switched off, independently of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, the actuator 28 is completely controllable made possible by the control unit 26.
  • the control unit 26 can intervene in the switch-off logic of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 via the OR link 38 and can force the switch 28 to be switched off, independently of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, the actuator 28 is completely controllable made possible by the control unit 26.
  • the control unit 26 can intervene in the switch-off logic of the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 via the OR link 38 and can force the switch 28
  • the OR link 38 ensures that the control unit 26 can switch the actuator 28 in a current-blocking manner in any case and prevents the comparators
  • the control unit 26 therefore has the OR Link 38 the possibility of permanently placing the actuator 28 in a current-blocking state.
  • the control unit 26 can output signals 24.1, 24.2,
  • the switching arrangement 2 shown in FIG. 10 has three circuits 51 connected in parallel in the circuit arrangement 2,
  • Each of the modules 51, 52, 53 has a reference voltage source
  • FIG. 11 shows an approximation of a continuous tripping characteristic A by a step-shaped tripping characteristic B, as can be achieved with the circuit arrangement 2 according to the invention.
  • the tripping characteristic A drawn in an It diagram has a non-tripping area [1] in which the switch must not trip and an overload area [2] in which the tripping time t decreases with increasing overcurrent I, ie the tripping time t is inversely proportional to the overcurrent I is on.
  • the tripping characteristic A is to be simulated by the switching arrangement 2 shown in FIG. 10; For this purpose, three reference voltages V ref, 1 / 2/3 have been defined, which are each fed to the comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3.
  • Each of the three reference voltages V ref, 1 / 2/3 is assigned a tripping time tl, t2, t3 with tl>t2> t3, the different long tripping times tl, t2, t3 being realized by the respective filters 44.1, 44.2, 44.3.
  • the continuous tripping characteristic line A is thus approximated by the step function B with the step heights tl, 2.3 and step widths V ref, 1 / 2/3.
  • the triple (1,1,0)
  • the triples of values of the output values 24.1, 24.2, 24.3 of the three comparators 20.1, 20.2, 20.3 form the input values in the OR operation 38; as long as a single value of the triple is not equal to zero, the OR operation 38 forms an output value not equal to zero and controls the actuator 28 via the control line 46 so that the current flow in the current path 12 is interrupted.
  • the triple (0,0,0) only have values equal to zero, the OR link 38 forms an output value equal to zero therefrom, and the actuator 28 does not become Controlled opening of the current path 12. If at least one value of the triple is not equal to zero, for example equal to one, the value with the shortest delay in the filter, ie with the shortest triggering time tl, 2,3, automatically arrives at the OR operation 38, which results from this Generated on control signal for the actuator 18.
  • 6 to 8 illustrate technical possibilities if it is to be prevented that the comparators 20 send an output signal which acts as a switching signal for the current-blocking switching to the actuator 28, although the control unit 26 has a current-conducting state of the actuator 28 as more advantageous has recognized d. H. if the control unit 26 defines that the actuator 28 should remain in a current-carrying state. There are several options for implementing such an overriding function of the control unit 26 with respect to the comparator 20.
  • a first option is that the memories 36 are designed such that a permanent reset signal 40, sent by the control unit 26, sets the output of the memory 36 to low, that is to say that no signal for switching off the current is sent to the actuator 28 becomes.
  • a possible initial The signal from the comparators 20 that the actuator 28 is to switch to a current blocking state is stuck in the respective memory 36 and is overruled by the control signal of the control unit 26 that the actuator 28 remains in the current conducting state.
  • a second option is that an additional component 70 is installed in the signal path between the comparators 20 and the actuator 28.
  • Fig. 6 in the sake of simplification the two or more parallel circuits stellvertre tend are represented by only one circuit, indicates four different positions in the circuit arrangement known from FIG. 5, at which the component 70 can be installed.
  • the component 70 can be designed as an AND link, as shown in FIG. 7, in which the signal 24 from the comparators 20 and a signal 72 from the control unit 26 are combined. From an output signal 24 from the comparators 20 is thus only forwarded if it matches a control signal from the Steuerein unit 26.
  • the component 70 can be designed as a switch with two switch positions, as shown in FIG. 8, which allows an output signal signal 24 coming from a comparator 20 to pass through in a first switch position and not let pass through in a second switch position.
  • the control unit 26 controls the switching state of the switch via a switching signal 74. An output signal 24 from one of the comparators 20 is thus only forwarded if the control unit 26 agrees.
  • Fig. 9 shows a flow diagram of an embodiment of the inventive method for switching a load connected to a load 8 of an electrical network 4 load 6, with a current path 12 running between an operating voltage connection 10 and the load connection 8, which can be interrupted by an actuator 28 .
  • a measured value detection device 14 detects a measured value 16 on the current path 12, e.g. B. a voltage difference at egg nem in the current path 12 connected measuring shunt.
  • the measured value detection device 14 supplies the measured value 16 to two or more comparators 20 by means of a measured value signal 18, e.g. B.
  • adjustable reference value sources each have a reference value 22 to the two or more comparators 20, for. B. by applying a reference voltage to a second input of the comparators 20.
  • the comparators 20 compare the measured value 16 with the respective reference value 22, e.g. B. by comparing the voltage drop across the shunt with the respective reference voltage.
  • the comparators 20 each output an output signal 24 of the comparators 20 corresponding to a comparison result, which is delayed by a signal delay device 44 connected downstream of the comparator 20 with a signal delay adjustable by the control unit 26.
  • Step 66 the output signals 24 corresponding to a respective comparison result of the comparators 20 and delayed in accordance with the respective signal delay are fed to an OR operation 38.
  • the actuator 28 is controlled as a function of the output signals 24 via a control line 46 to interrupt the current path 12.
  • an output signal 24.1, 24.2, 24.3 of the three circuits 51, 52, 53 contains a control command for the actuator 28 to open the current path 12
  • Those output signals 24.1, 24.2, 24.3 of the circuits 51, 52, 53 which, owing to the comparison in the comparator 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, do not contain a control command for the actuator 28 to open the current path 12 lead to, regardless of their delay no opening of the current path 12.
  • the control signal sent via the control line 46 to the actuator 28 can be used to open the current path 12 as a setting of a control voltage applied to the transistor 28.

Landscapes

  • Electronic Switches (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de commutation d'une charge (6) raccordée à un raccordement (8) de charge d'un réseau électrique (4) par un trajet de courant (12) s'étendant entre un raccordement (10) de tension de service et le raccordement (8) de charge et pouvant être coupé par un actionneur (28), le procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : - détection par un dispositif de détection (14) de valeurs de mesure d'une valeur de mesure (16) sur le trajet de courant (12) ; - amenée de la valeur de mesure (16), au moyen d'un signal de valeur de mesure (18) du dispositif de détection (14) de valeurs de mesure, à deux ou plus de deux circuits (51, 52, 53) qui comprennent respectivement un comparateur (20.1, 20.2, 20.3) contenant une valeur de référence (22.1, 22.2, 22.3) pouvant être ajustée par une unité de commande (26) et un dispositif de retardement de signaux (44.1, 44.2, 44.3) présentant un retardement de signaux (t1, t2, t3) pouvant être ajusté par l'unité de commande (26) ; - émission par les deux ou plus de deux circuits (51, 52, 53) d'un signal de sortie (24.1, 24.2, 24..3) correspondant respectivement chacun à un résultat de comparaison du comparateur (20.1, 20.2, 20.3) et retardés en fonction du retardement de signaux respectif, les signaux de sortie (24.1, 24.2, 24.3) étant configurés pour la commande directe de l'actionneur (28) ; et - en fonction des signaux de sortie (24.1, 24.2, 24.3), commande de l'actionneur (28) pour qu'il coupe le trajet de courant (12).
PCT/EP2019/081353 2018-11-14 2019-11-14 Procédé de commutation d'une charge WO2020099575A1 (fr)

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EP18206243.0 2018-11-14

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11368015B2 (en) * 2018-11-28 2022-06-21 Eberspächer Controls Landau Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for testing the operability of a circuit breaker device

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4819117A (en) * 1987-08-25 1989-04-04 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting excessive current draw in an electrical load
DE20302275U1 (de) 2002-02-14 2003-06-05 Ellenberger & Poensgen Elektronischer Schalter
US20050135034A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Caterpillar, Inc. Resettable circuit breaker
EP2146430A1 (fr) * 2007-05-14 2010-01-20 Yasaki Corporation Dispositif de protection contre la surintensité
US20100134939A1 (en) * 2005-12-26 2010-06-03 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd Power supply contoller

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4819117A (en) * 1987-08-25 1989-04-04 Trw Inc. Method and apparatus for detecting excessive current draw in an electrical load
DE20302275U1 (de) 2002-02-14 2003-06-05 Ellenberger & Poensgen Elektronischer Schalter
US20050135034A1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2005-06-23 Caterpillar, Inc. Resettable circuit breaker
US20100134939A1 (en) * 2005-12-26 2010-06-03 Autonetworks Technologies, Ltd Power supply contoller
EP2146430A1 (fr) * 2007-05-14 2010-01-20 Yasaki Corporation Dispositif de protection contre la surintensité

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11368015B2 (en) * 2018-11-28 2022-06-21 Eberspächer Controls Landau Gmbh & Co. Kg Process for testing the operability of a circuit breaker device

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