WO2020098620A1 - 网络切换的方法和装置 - Google Patents

网络切换的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020098620A1
WO2020098620A1 PCT/CN2019/117356 CN2019117356W WO2020098620A1 WO 2020098620 A1 WO2020098620 A1 WO 2020098620A1 CN 2019117356 W CN2019117356 W CN 2019117356W WO 2020098620 A1 WO2020098620 A1 WO 2020098620A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
network
terminal device
interworking
identifier
tunnel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/117356
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
靳维生
李欢
陆伟
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP19883805.4A priority Critical patent/EP3869860B1/en
Publication of WO2020098620A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020098620A1/zh
Priority to US17/317,093 priority patent/US11751105B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
    • H04W36/0022—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection for transferring data sessions between adjacent core network technologies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0011—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off for data sessions of end-to-end connection
    • H04W36/0016—Hand-off preparation specially adapted for end-to-end data sessions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
    • H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W60/00—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration
    • H04W60/04—Affiliation to network, e.g. registration; Terminating affiliation with the network, e.g. de-registration using triggered events
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/11—Allocation or use of connection identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
    • H04W36/0005—Control or signalling for completing the hand-off
    • H04W36/0055—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link
    • H04W36/0069—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of dual connectivity, e.g. decoupled uplink/downlink
    • H04W36/00695—Transmission or use of information for re-establishing the radio link in case of dual connectivity, e.g. decoupled uplink/downlink using split of the control plane or user plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H04W76/12—Setup of transport tunnels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/02—Inter-networking arrangements

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of communications, and, more specifically, to methods and devices for network switching.
  • the terminal device after the terminal device is switched from the source network to the target network, in order to perform service access on the target network, it is necessary to perform registration and communication connection establishment on the target network, which results in a long time for network switching.
  • the terminal device performs service access on the source network and switches during the access, if the switching time is longer, the connection between the terminal device and the external device (for example, the server) may be disconnected, so that the service cannot be maintained. Continuity.
  • the present application provides a method and device for network switching, which can optimize the process of network switching.
  • a method for network switching including: before a terminal device switches from a first network to a second network, a first tunnel is established with a first interworking device, wherein the terminal device is in the first tunnel
  • the communication identifier in is the first identifier
  • the first identifier is an identifier used by the terminal device in the first network
  • the first interworking device is outside the first network facing the first network in the first network
  • the interface device of the network after switching from the first network to the second network, the terminal device obtains a second identification and sends an update request to the first interworking device, the update request is used to request Updating the communication identifier to a second identifier, the second identifier being an identifier used by the terminal device in the second network.
  • a tunnel is established between the terminal device and the interworking device of the first network when the terminal device is in the first network, so that after the terminal device switches to the second network, the terminal device only needs to be in the tunnel
  • the local identification used in the update can be realized, and the terminal device can communicate through the tunnel, thereby shortening the time of network switching, and thereby optimizing the process of network switching.
  • the first tunnel is used for network switching of the terminal device.
  • the first tunnel is used for network switching of the terminal device
  • the terminal device does not pass the The first tunnel receives downlink data, and the first interworking device does not send the downlink data of the terminal device through the first tunnel; after the terminal device switches from the first network to the second network, the The terminal device receives downlink data through the first tunnel, and the first interworking device sends downlink data of the terminal device through the first tunnel.
  • the first tunnel is used for network switching of the terminal device
  • the terminal device may transmit related instructions or psychology of the network switching process through the first tunnel, for example, to perform pre-processing for the second network Registration, or rather, request message or response message during pre-authentication.
  • the first network may include one of a public land mobile network PLMN or a private network NPN
  • the second network may include the other of a public land mobile network PLMN or a private network NPN.
  • the first identifier includes a 5G-GUTI, a globally unique temporary terminal device identifier of the terminal device.
  • the first identifier includes an IP address obtained by the terminal device in the first network.
  • IP address obtained by the terminal device in the first network may be understood as the IP address obtained by the terminal device when establishing a session with the forwarding device of the first network through the access network device of the first network in the first network .
  • IP address obtained by the terminal device in the first network may be understood as other IP addresses obtained by the terminal device in the first network.
  • the first interworking device is an interface device in the first network that faces a network other than the first network
  • the first interworking device is all the devices in the first network A device that provides communication services to terminal devices in a network other than the first network.
  • the second interworking device is an interface device in the second network that faces a network other than the second network
  • the second interworking device is a device in the second network
  • the terminal equipment in a network other than the second network provides a communication service.
  • the method further includes: before the terminal device switches from the first network to the second network, sending a first message to the access management device of the second network through the second interworking device, the first The message is used to request registration for the terminal device in the second network, and the second interworking device is an interface device in the second network that faces a network other than the second network; the terminal device passes the The second interworking device receives a response message from the access management device of the second network, where the response message includes a temporary identifier allocated by the access management device of the second network to the terminal device; When the first network is switched to the second network, a second message is sent to the access management device of the second network, the first message is used to request registration of the terminal device in the second network, and the first The second message includes the temporary identification.
  • the first message may include a device identification of the terminal device, and the device identification may include any one of the following: a media access control (media access control, MAC) address, a mobile phone number, and an international mobile subscriber identifier (international mobile subscriber) identification number (IMSI), international mobile equipment identification code (international mobile equipment identity, IMEI).
  • MAC media access control
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identification number
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identity
  • the terminal device by allowing the terminal device to be in the first network through the interworking device of the second network to perform a registration process for the second network, the terminal device can complete the second network before the terminal device is switched to the NPN Registration, which can reduce the length of the handover process due to registration after network switching, and further optimize the process of network switching.
  • the method further includes: before switching from the first network to the second network, the terminal device sends a third registration to the access management device of the first network through the first interworking device request.
  • the third registration request includes pre-handover indication information, and the pre-handover indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device needs to switch to the second network.
  • the terminal device needs to switch to the second network may be understood as: the terminal device may subsequently switch to the second network, but the network switching has not been performed when the third registration request is sent.
  • the access management device of the first network can determine that the terminal device has not completed the network switch according to the pre-handover instruction information, or that the terminal device is still in the first network, so that the policy and terminal location-related policies can not be changed Control, for example, location-related policy updates, location-related business control, etc.
  • the method further includes: before switching from the first network to the second network, the terminal device sends a channel establishment request, and the channel establishment request is used to request the first interworking device and A first channel is established between forwarding devices of the first network, and the first channel belongs to a session of the terminal device.
  • the data of the service being accessed by the terminal device can be cached through the interworking device, and the data can be sent to the terminal after the switching is completed
  • the device can thus avoid data loss and further optimize the process of network switching.
  • the method further includes the terminal device sending a first cache indication to the first interworking device, where the first cache indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to cache the received The first downstream data of a channel.
  • the "channel” may also be called a session channel.
  • the first channel may refer to a channel between the first interworking device and the forwarding device of the first network in the session between the terminal device and the forwarding device of the first network.
  • the method further includes the terminal device sending trigger information to the forwarding device of the first network, where the trigger information is used to instruct the forwarding device of the first network to send Describe the downlink data of the terminal device.
  • the method further includes: the terminal device sends a reservation instruction, the reservation instruction is used to request to reserve a second channel, and the second channel is an access device of the first network and the first channel In the channel between the forwarding devices of the network, the first channel and the second channel belong to the same session.
  • the second channel may refer to a channel between the access device of the first network and the forwarding device of the first network in the session between the terminal device and the forwarding device of the first network.
  • the method further includes: before switching from the first network to the second network, the terminal device sends a forward tunnel establishment request, and the forward tunnel establishment request is used to request the first network A forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device is established between the access device and the first interworking device.
  • the data of the service that the terminal device is accessing can be cached through the interworking device and sent to the data after the switching is completed
  • the terminal equipment can thus avoid data loss and further optimize the network switching process.
  • the tunnel establishment request includes a measurement report of the second network.
  • the method further includes the terminal device sending a second cache indication to the first interworking device, where the second cache indication is used to indicate that the first interworking device cache is received through the forwarding tunnel The second downlink data.
  • a method for network handover including: a first interworking device establishes a first tunnel with a terminal device in a first network, wherein the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel is the first An identifier, the first identifier is an identifier used by the terminal device in the first network, and the first interworking device is an interface device in the first network that faces a network other than the first network; The first interworking device receives an update request sent by the terminal device, where the update request is used to request to update the communication identifier to a second identifier, where the second identifier is the terminal device in the second network The identifier used in the first; the first interworking device updates the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel to the second identifier according to the update request.
  • a tunnel is established between the terminal device and the interworking device of the first network when the terminal device is in the first network, so that after the terminal device switches to the second network, the terminal device only needs to be in the tunnel
  • the local identification used in the update can be realized, and the terminal device can communicate through the tunnel, which can shorten the duration of network switching and further improve the continuity of business.
  • the method further includes: a first channel established by the first interworking device and the forwarding device of the first network, where the first channel belongs to a session of the terminal device; and the first interworking device cache passes The first downlink data received by the first channel; after updating the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel to the second identifier, the first interworking device passes the first The tunnel sends the first downlink data to the terminal device.
  • the data of the service being accessed by the terminal device can be cached through the interworking device, and the data can be sent to the terminal after the switching is completed
  • the device can thus avoid data loss and further optimize the process of network switching.
  • the method further includes that the first interworking device receives a first buffer indication, and the first buffer indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to buffer the downlink data received through the first channel; And, the first interworking device buffering the first downlink data received through the first channel includes: the first interworking device buffering the first downlink data according to the first buffer indication.
  • the method further includes: the first interworking device and the access device of the first network establish a forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device; The second downlink data received by the forwarding tunnel; after the first interworking device updates the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel to the second identifier, the first The terminal device sends the second downlink data.
  • the data of the service that the terminal device is accessing can be cached through the interworking device and sent to the data after the switching is completed
  • the terminal equipment can thus avoid data loss and further optimize the network switching process.
  • the method further includes: the first interworking device receives and sends a second buffer indication, where the second buffer indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to buffer the downlink data received through the forwarding tunnel; And the first interworking device buffering the second downlink data received through the forwarding tunnel includes: the first interworking device buffers the second downlink data according to the second buffer indication.
  • a method for network switching which includes: an access device of a first network and a first interworking device establish a forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device, the first interworking device is a An interface device in the first network facing a network other than the first network; the access device of the first network sends the downlink data of the terminal device to the first interworking device through the forwarding tunnel.
  • the access device of the first network and the first interworking device establishing a forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device include: the access device of the first network receiving the packet sent by the terminal device Measurement information of the second network; when the measurement information meets a preset network switching condition, the access device of the first network sends a first tunnel establishment request to the access control device of the first network.
  • the first tunnel establishment request includes an identifier of the second network.
  • the first tunnel establishment request includes a network switching instruction.
  • the access device of the first network and the first interworking device establishing a forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device include: the access device of the first network passes the forwarding device of the first network Receiving the tunnel identifier allocated by the access control device of the first network to the forwarding device of the first network, where the tunnel identifier is the first identifier sent by the access control device of the first network according to the first interworking device Two tunnel establishment instructions are assigned.
  • a method for network switching which includes: a forwarding device of a first network establishes a first channel with a first interworking device, the first channel belongs to a session of a terminal device, and the first interworking device is a An interface device in the first network facing a network other than the first network; the forwarding device of the first network sends the downlink data of the terminal device to the first interworking device through the first channel.
  • the method further includes: the forwarding device of the first network receives trigger information, and the trigger information is used to instruct the forwarding device of the first network to send the downlink of the terminal device through the first channel Data; and the forwarding device of the first network sends the downlink data of the terminal device to the first interworking device through the first channel, including: according to the trigger information, the forwarding device of the first network passes The first channel sends the downlink data of the terminal device to the first interworking device.
  • the method further includes: the forwarding device of the first network receives a reservation indication, and the reservation indication is used to request to reserve a second channel, and the second channel is an access device of the first network and A channel between forwarding devices of the first network, where the first channel and the second channel belong to the same session; the forwarding device of the first network reserves the second channel according to the reservation instruction.
  • a method for network switching includes: before a terminal device switches from a first network to a second network, sending a first message to an access management device of the second network through a second interworking device.
  • the first message is used to request registration with the terminal device in the second network
  • the second interworking device is an interface device in the second network that faces a network other than the second network
  • the terminal device Receiving a response message from the access management device of the second network through the second interworking device, where the response message includes a temporary identifier allocated by the access management device of the second network to the terminal device;
  • the terminal When switching from the first network to the second network, the device sends a second message to the access management device of the second network, where the second message is used to request registration with the terminal device on the second network,
  • the second message includes the temporary identification.
  • the terminal device by allowing the terminal device to be in the first network through the interworking device of the second network to perform a registration process for the second network, the terminal device can complete the second network before the terminal device is switched to NPN Registration, which can reduce the length of the switching process due to registration after network switching.
  • a method for network handover including: an access management device of a second network receives a first message from a terminal device in a first network through a second interworking device, and the second interworking device is the An interface device in a second network facing a network other than the second network, the first message is used to request registration with the terminal device in the second network; the access management device of the second network The first message determines the security parameters of the terminal device and assigns a temporary identifier to the terminal device; the access management device of the second network receives the first message sent by the terminal device through the access device of the second network Two messages, the second message is used to request registration with the terminal device in the second network, the second message includes the temporary identifier; the access device of the second network according to the temporary identifier, Use the security parameter to control the communication of the terminal device within the second network.
  • the terminal device by allowing the terminal device to be in the first network through the interworking device of the second network to perform a registration process for the second network, the terminal device can complete the second network before the terminal device is switched to the NPN Registration, which can reduce the length of the switching process due to registration after network switching.
  • an apparatus for network switching including: a processing unit, configured to establish a first tunnel with a first interworking device before switching from a first network to a second network, wherein the terminal device
  • the communication identifier in the first tunnel is a first identifier
  • the first identifier is an identifier used by the terminal device in the first network
  • the first interworking device is oriented in the first network
  • An interface device of a network other than the first network a transceiver unit, used to send an update request to the first interworking device after switching from the first network to the second network, the update request used to request
  • the communication identifier is updated to a second identifier
  • the second identifier is an identifier used by the terminal device in the second network.
  • a tunnel is established with the interworking device of the first network when the terminal device is in the first network, so that after the terminal device is switched to the second network, only the terminal device needs to be in the tunnel
  • the local identification used in the update can be realized, and the terminal device can communicate through the tunnel, which can shorten the duration of network switching and further improve the continuity of business.
  • the first network may include one of a public land mobile network PLMN or a private network NPN
  • the second network may include the other of a public land mobile network PLMN or a private network NPN.
  • the first identifier includes a 5G-GUTI, a globally unique temporary terminal device identifier of the terminal device.
  • the first identifier includes an IP address obtained by the terminal device in the first network.
  • IP address obtained by the terminal device in the first network can be understood as the IP address obtained when the terminal device establishes a session with the forwarding device of the first network through the access network device of the first network in the first network .
  • IP address obtained by the terminal device in the first network may be understood as other IP addresses obtained by the terminal device in the first network.
  • the first interworking device is an interface device in the first network that faces a network other than the first network
  • the first interworking device is all the devices in the first network A device that provides communication services to terminal devices in a network other than the first network.
  • the second interworking device is an interface device in the second network that faces a network other than the second network
  • the second interworking device is a device in the second network
  • the terminal equipment in a network other than the second network provides a communication service.
  • the transceiver unit is further configured to send a first message to the access management device of the second network through the second interworking device before switching from the first network to the second network
  • the second interworking device Is an interface device in the second network that faces a network other than the second network, and is used to receive a response message from the access management device of the second network through the second interworking device, where the response message includes all
  • the temporary identifier allocated by the access management device of the second network to the terminal device is used to send a second message to the access management device of the second network when switching from the first network to the second network.
  • the second message includes the temporary identification.
  • the first message may include a device identification of the terminal device, and the device identification may include any one of the following: a media access control (media access control, MAC) address, a mobile phone number, and an international mobile subscriber identifier (international mobile subscriber) identification number (IMSI), international mobile equipment identification code (international mobile equipment identity, IMEI).
  • MAC media access control
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identification number
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identity
  • the terminal device by allowing the terminal device to be in the first network through the interworking device of the second network to perform the registration process for the second network, the terminal device can complete the second network before the terminal device is switched to the NPN Registration, which can reduce the length of the switching process due to registration after network switching.
  • the transceiver unit is further configured to send a third registration request to the access management device of the first network through the first interworking device before switching from the first network to the second network .
  • the third registration request includes pre-handover indication information, and the pre-handover indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device needs to switch to the second network.
  • the access management device of the first network can determine that the terminal device has not completed the network switch according to the pre-handover instruction information, or that the terminal device is still in the first network, so that the policy and terminal location-related policies can not be changed Control, for example, location-related policy updates, location-related business control, etc.
  • the processing unit is further configured to instruct the first interworking device to establish a first channel with the forwarding device of the first network before switching from the first network to the second network.
  • the first channel belongs to the session of the terminal device; the transceiving unit is further used to send a first cache indication to the first interworking device, and the first cache indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to cache the received The first downlink data of the first channel.
  • the transceiver unit is further configured to send trigger information to the forwarding device of the first network, where the trigger information is used to instruct the forwarding device of the first network to send the terminal device through the first channel Downstream data.
  • the transceiver unit is further used to send a reservation instruction, and the reservation instruction is used to request reservation of a second channel, which is a forwarding between the access device of the first network and the first network For channels between devices, the first channel and the second channel belong to the same session.
  • the transceiver unit is further configured to send a forward tunnel establishment request before switching from the first network to the second network, and the forward tunnel establishment request is used to request access to the first network
  • a forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device is established between the device and the first interworking device.
  • the tunnel establishment request includes a measurement report of the second network.
  • the transceiver unit is further configured to send a second cache indication to the first interworking device, and the second cache indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to cache the second received through the forwarding tunnel Downstream data.
  • each unit in the device is used to execute each step of the above-mentioned first aspect and the method in each implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the device is a communication chip
  • the communication chip may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.
  • the apparatus is a terminal device, and the device may include a transmitter for sending information or data, and a receiver for receiving information or data.
  • an apparatus for network switching including: a processing unit for establishing a first tunnel with a terminal device in a first network, wherein the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel is the first An identifier, the first identifier is an identifier used by the terminal device in the first network, the device is an interface device in the first network that faces a network other than the first network; a transceiver unit, For receiving an update request sent by the terminal device, where the update request is used for requesting to update the communication identifier to a second identifier, and the second identifier is an identifier used by the terminal device in the second network The processing unit is also used to update the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel to the second identifier according to the update request.
  • a tunnel is established with the interworking device of the first network when the terminal device is in the first network, so that after the terminal device is switched to the second network, only the terminal device needs to be in the tunnel
  • the local identification used in the update can be realized, and the terminal device can communicate through the tunnel, which can shorten the duration of network switching and further improve the continuity of business.
  • the processing unit is also used to establish a first channel with the forwarding device of the first network, the first channel belongs to the session of the terminal device; the transceiving unit is also used to receive the terminal device A first buffer indication sent, the first buffer indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to buffer the first downlink data received through the first channel; the processing unit is also used to A cache indication to cache the first downlink data; the transceiving unit is also used to pass the first tunnel after updating the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel to the second identifier Sending the first downlink data to the terminal device.
  • the processing unit is further configured to establish a forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device with the access device of the first network, and buffer the second downlink data received through the forwarding tunnel
  • the transceiver unit is also used to send the second downlink to the terminal device through the first tunnel after updating the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel to the second identifier data.
  • the transceiving unit is further configured to receive and send a second cache indication, and the second cache indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to cache downlink data received through the forwarding tunnel; and the processing unit Specifically, it is used to cache the second downlink data according to the second cache instruction.
  • each unit in the device is used to execute each step of the method in the second aspect and each implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the device is a communication chip.
  • the communication chip may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.
  • the apparatus is an interworking device, and the device may include a transmitter for sending information or data, and a receiver for receiving information or data.
  • an apparatus for network switching including: a processing unit, configured to establish a forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device with a first interworking device, the first interworking device is the first An interface device in a network facing a network other than the first network; a transceiver unit, configured to send downlink data of the terminal device to the first interworking device through the forwarding tunnel.
  • each unit in the device is used to execute each step of the method in the third aspect and each implementation manner of the third aspect.
  • the device is a communication chip
  • the communication chip may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.
  • the apparatus is a forwarding device, and the device may include a transmitter for sending information or data, and a receiver for receiving information or data.
  • an apparatus for network switching including: a processing unit, configured to establish a first channel with a first interworking device, the first channel belongs to a session of the terminal device, and the first interworking device is An interface device in the first network facing a network other than the first network; a transceiver unit, configured to send downlink data of the terminal device to the first interworking device through the first channel.
  • the transceiver unit is further used to receive trigger information, and the trigger information is used to instruct the forwarding device of the first network to send the downlink data of the terminal device through the first channel, and according to the trigger Information, sending the downlink data of the terminal device to the first interworking device through the first channel.
  • the transceiving unit is further used to receive a reservation instruction, the reservation instruction is used to request to reserve a second channel, and the second channel is a forwarding between the access device of the first network and the first network For channels between devices, the first channel and the second channel belong to the same session; the processing unit is further configured to reserve the second channel according to the reservation instruction.
  • each unit in the device is used to execute each step of the method in the fourth aspect and each implementation manner of the fourth aspect.
  • the device is a communication chip
  • the communication chip may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.
  • the apparatus is a forwarding device, and the device may include a transmitter for sending information or data, and a receiver for receiving information or data.
  • an apparatus for network switching including: a transceiver unit, configured to send to the access management device of the second network through a second interworking device before switching from the first network to the second network
  • the second interworking device is an interface device in the second network that faces a network other than the second network, and is used to access the management device from the second network through the second interworking device
  • Receiving a response message where the response message includes a temporary identifier allocated by the access management device of the second network to the terminal device, and is used for switching to the second network when switching from the first network to the second network
  • the access management device sends a second message, where the second message includes the temporary identifier.
  • the terminal device by allowing the terminal device to be in the first network through the interworking device of the second network to perform the registration process for the second network, the terminal device can complete the second network before the terminal device is switched to NPN Registration, which can reduce the length of the switching process due to registration after network switching.
  • each unit in the device is used to execute the steps of the above-mentioned fifth aspect and the method in each implementation manner of the fifth aspect.
  • the device is a communication chip
  • the communication chip may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.
  • the apparatus is a terminal device, and the device may include a transmitter for sending information or data, and a receiver for receiving information or data.
  • an apparatus for network switching including: a transceiver unit configured to receive a first message from a terminal device in a first network through a second interworking device, the second interworking device is the second An interface device in the network facing a network other than the second network; a processing unit, configured to determine the security parameters of the terminal device based on the first message, and assign a temporary identifier to the terminal device; the transceiver unit It is also used to receive a second message sent by the terminal device through the access device of the second network, where the second message includes the temporary identifier; the processing unit is further configured to use the temporary identifier according to the temporary identifier.
  • the security parameter controls the communication of the terminal device within the second network.
  • the terminal device by allowing the terminal device to be in the first network through the interworking device of the second network to perform the registration process for the second network, the terminal device can complete the second network before the terminal device is switched to NPN Registration, which can reduce the length of the switching process due to registration after network switching.
  • each unit in the device is respectively used to execute the steps of the method in the sixth aspect and the implementation manners of the sixth aspect.
  • the device is a communication chip
  • the communication chip may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.
  • the apparatus is an access management device, which may include a transmitter for sending information or data, and a receiver for receiving information or data.
  • a terminal device including a processor and a memory, where the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the communication device performs the first aspect and Methods in various possible implementations.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor are provided separately.
  • the forwarding device further includes a transmitter (transmitter) and a receiver (receiver).
  • an interworking device including a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the communication device performs the second aspect and Communication methods in its various implementations.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor are provided separately.
  • the interworking device further includes a transmitter (transmitter) and a receiver (receiver).
  • an access device including a processor and a memory, where the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory so that the communication device performs the third aspect And communication methods in various implementations.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor are provided separately.
  • the access device further includes a transmitter (transmitter) and a receiver (receiver).
  • a forwarding device including a processor and a memory, where the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the communication device performs the fourth aspect Communication methods in its various implementations.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor are provided separately.
  • the forwarding device further includes a transmitter (transmitter) and a receiver (receiver).
  • a terminal device including a processor and a memory, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the communication device performs the fifth aspect Communication methods in its various implementations.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor are provided separately.
  • the terminal device further includes a transmitter (transmitter) and a receiver (receiver).
  • an access management device including a processor and a memory, where the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that the communication device executes the sixth Aspects and their communication methods in various implementations.
  • processors there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
  • the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory and the processor are provided separately.
  • the access management device further includes a transmitter (transmitter) and a receiver (receiver).
  • a communication system at least one of the foregoing terminal device, interworking device, access management device, access device and forwarding device.
  • the communication system may further include other devices that interact with any of the above devices in the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application.
  • a computer program product includes: a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions) that, when the computer program is executed, causes a computer to perform the first aspect to A method in any one of the sixth aspect and its possible implementation.
  • a computer program also referred to as code or instructions
  • a computer-readable medium storing a computer program (also may be referred to as code or instructions), which when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform the first aspect described above Any one of the sixth aspect and the method in the possible implementation manner.
  • a computer program also may be referred to as code or instructions
  • a chip system including a memory and a processor, the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor is used to call and run the computer program from the memory, so that a communication device installed with the chip system Perform the method in any one of the first aspect to the sixth aspect and its possible implementation.
  • the chip system may include an input circuit or interface for sending information or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving information or data.
  • a tunnel is established between the terminal device and the interworking device of the first network when the terminal device is in the first network, so that after the terminal device switches to the second network, the terminal device only needs to be in the tunnel
  • the local ID used in the update can be updated to enable the terminal device to communicate through the tunnel; or, by allowing the terminal device to be in the first network through the interworking device of the second network to perform the registration process for the second network, the terminal The device completes the registration on the second network before switching to the NPN, which can reduce the switching processing time caused by the registration after the network switching; thus, the network switching time can be shortened, thereby improving service continuity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of a communication system of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic interaction diagram of an example of a network switching method of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic interaction diagram of another example of the network switching method of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic interaction diagram of still another example of the network switching method of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of a network switching device of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of another example of a network switching device of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of still another example of the network switching device of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of still another example of the network switching device of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of still another example of the network switching device of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device of the present application.
  • a component may be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer.
  • the application running on the computing device and the computing device can be components.
  • One or more components can reside in a process and / or thread of execution, and a component can be localized on one computer and / or distributed between 2 or more computers.
  • these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • the component may, for example, be based on a signal having one or more data packets (eg, data from two components that interact with another component between the local system, the distributed system, and / or the network, such as the Internet that interacts with other systems through signals) Communicate through local and / or remote processes.
  • data packets eg, data from two components that interact with another component between the local system, the distributed system, and / or the network, such as the Internet that interacts with other systems through signals
  • GSM Global System of Mobile
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Broadband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GPRS General Packet Radio Service
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • TDD Time Division Duplex
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
  • GSM Global System of Mobile
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, WiMAX
  • V2X vehicle-to-everything
  • V2V vehicle-to-vehicle to Vehicle
  • V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
  • V2P vehicle-to-pedestrian
  • V2N lane network
  • FIG. 1 is a network architecture applied to an embodiment of the present application, and each network element that may be involved in the network architecture is described separately.
  • the communication system of the present application may include at least two kinds of networks.
  • public land mobile network public land mobile network, PLMN
  • private network non-public network, NPN
  • the PLMN may include the following network elements.
  • Terminal device 110 may include various handheld devices with wireless communication function, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, as well as various forms of terminals, mobile stations (mobile stations, MS), terminal (terminal), user equipment (UE), soft terminal, etc. For example, water meters, electricity meters, sensors, etc.
  • (Wireless) access network radio access network, (R) AN) network element 120: used to provide network access for authorized terminal equipment in a specific area, and can use different qualities according to the level of terminal equipment and business needs Transmission tunnel.
  • (R) AN network element can manage wireless resources, provide access services for terminal equipment, and then complete the transfer of control signals and terminal equipment data between terminal equipment and core network
  • (R) AN network element can also be understood as a traditional network In the base station.
  • network element may also be called an entity, device, device or module, etc., and this application is not particularly limited.
  • description of “network element” is omitted in some descriptions.
  • (R) AN network element is abbreviated as RAN.
  • the "(R) AN network “Element” should be understood as (R) AN network element network element or (R) AN entity, and the description of the same or similar cases is omitted below.
  • Forwarding network element 130 used for packet routing and forwarding and quality of service (QoS) processing of user plane data, etc.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the user plane network element may be a user plane function (UPF) network element.
  • the user plane network element may still be a UPF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Data network element a network used to provide data transmission.
  • the data network element may be a data network (DN) network element.
  • DN data network
  • the data network element may still be a DN network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Access management network element 140 mainly used for mobility management and access management, etc., and can be used to implement other functions of the mobility management entity (mobility management entity, MME) except for session management, for example, legal Functions such as monitoring and access authorization / authentication.
  • mobility management entity mobility management entity, MME
  • session management for example, legal Functions such as monitoring and access authorization / authentication.
  • the access management network element may be an access management function (access and mobility management function, AMF) network element.
  • AMF access management function
  • the access management network element may still be an AMF network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Session management network element 150 mainly used for session management, terminal equipment network interconnection protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection of endpoints and downlinks that can manage user plane functions, policy control and charging function interfaces Data notification, etc.
  • IP terminal equipment network interconnection protocol
  • the session management network element may be a session management function (session management function, SMF) network element.
  • SMF session management function
  • the session management network element may still be an SMF network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Policy control network element a unified policy framework for guiding network behavior, providing policy rule information for control plane functional network elements (such as AMF, SMF network elements, etc.).
  • the policy control network element may be a policy and charging rule function (PCRF) network element.
  • the policy control network element may be a policy control function (PCF) network element.
  • PCF policy control function
  • the policy control network element may still be a PCF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Binding support network element used to find the PCF associated with the session.
  • the binding support network element may be a binding support function (BSF) network element.
  • BSF binding support function
  • the binding support network element may still be a BSF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Authentication server It is used for authentication service and key generation to realize two-way authentication of terminal equipment, and supports a unified authentication framework.
  • the authentication server may be an authentication server function (AUSF) network element.
  • AUSF authentication server function
  • the authentication server function network element may still be an AUSF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Data management network element used to handle terminal device identification, access authentication, registration, and mobility management.
  • the data management network element may be a unified data management (unified data management, UDM) network element.
  • UDM unified data management
  • the unified data management may still be a UDM network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Application network elements used for data routing influenced by applications, access network open function network elements, interacting with the policy framework for policy control, etc.
  • the application network element may be an application function (AF) network element.
  • AF application function
  • the application network element may still be an AF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Network storage network element used to maintain real-time information of all network function services in the network.
  • the network storage network element may be a network registration function (network repository function, NRF) network element.
  • NRF network repository function
  • the network storage network element may still be an NRF network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • Interworking network element 160 used for terminal devices in networks other than the PLMN to access services through the PLMN, or the interworking network element may be an interface network element in the PLMN that faces other networks.
  • the interworking network element may also be a non-3GPP interworking function (Non-3GPP interworking function, N3IWF) network element.
  • N3IWF non-3GPP interworking function
  • the NPN may include the following network elements.
  • Terminal device 115 may include various handheld devices with wireless communication functions, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, as well as various forms of terminals, mobile stations (mobile stations, MS), terminal (terminal), user equipment (UE), soft terminal, etc. For example, water meters, electricity meters, sensors, etc.
  • NPN (wireless) access network NPN-radio access network, NPN- (R) AN) network element 125: used to provide network access for authorized terminal equipment in a specific area, and can be based on the level of terminal equipment and business needs Wait for the use of different quality transmission tunnels.
  • NPN- (R) AN network element can manage wireless resources, provide access services for terminal equipment, and then complete the transfer of control signals and terminal equipment data between terminal equipment and the core network of NPN, NPN- (R) AN network element It can also be understood as a base station or an access point in NPN.
  • Forwarding network element 135 used for packet routing and forwarding and quality of service (QoS) processing of user plane data, etc.
  • QoS quality of service
  • the user plane network element may be an NPN user plane function (NPN-PF) network element.
  • NPN-PF NPN user plane function
  • the user plane network element may still be a UPF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN data network network element used to provide a network for transmitting data.
  • the data network network element may be an NPN data network (NPN-data) (NPN-DN) network element.
  • NPN-data NPN data network
  • NPN-DN NPN data network
  • the data network element may still be a DN network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN access management network element 145 mainly used for mobility management and access management, etc., and can be used to implement other functions of the mobility management entity (NPN-mobility management entity, NPN-MME) besides session management For example, functions such as lawful interception and access authorization / authentication.
  • NPN-mobility management entity NPN-MME
  • session management functions such as lawful interception and access authorization / authentication.
  • the access management network element may be an NPN access management function (NPN access and mobility management function, NPN-AMF) network element.
  • NPN-AMF NPN access and mobility management function
  • the access management network element may still be an AMF network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN session management network element 155 mainly used for session management, network protocol (IP) address allocation and management of terminal equipment, selection of endpoints that can manage user plane functions, policy control and charging function interfaces, and Downstream data notification, etc.
  • IP network protocol
  • the session management network element may be an NPN session management function (NPN-session management function, NPN-SMF) network element.
  • NPN-session management function NPN-SMF
  • the session management network element may still be an SMF network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN policy control network element a unified policy framework for guiding network behavior, providing policy rule information for control plane functional network elements (such as NPN-AMF, NPN-SMF network elements, etc.).
  • the policy control network element may be an NPN policy and charging rules function (NPN-PCRF) network element.
  • the policy control network element may be a policy control function (NPN-policy control, NPN-PCF) network element.
  • NPN-policy control NPN-PCF
  • the policy control network element may still be a PCF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN binding support network element used to find the PCF associated with the session.
  • the binding support network element may be an NPN binding support function (NPN-BSF) network element.
  • NPN-BSF NPN binding support function
  • the binding support network element may still be a BSF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN authentication server used for authentication service and key generation to realize two-way authentication of terminal equipment, supporting a unified authentication framework.
  • the authentication server may be an NPN authentication server function (NPN-AUSF) network element.
  • NPN-AUSF NPN authentication server function
  • the authentication server function network element may still be an AUSF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN data management network element used to handle terminal device identification, access authentication, registration, and mobility management.
  • the data management network element may be an NPN unified data management (NPN-unified data management, NPN-DM) network element.
  • NPN-unified data management NPN-DM
  • the unified data management may still be a UDM network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN application network elements used for data routing influenced by applications, access network open function network elements, interacting with the policy framework for policy control, etc.
  • the application network element can be an NPN application function (NPN-AF) network element.
  • NPN-AF NPN application function
  • the application network element may still be an AF network element, or may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN network storage network element used to maintain real-time information of all network function services in the network.
  • the network storage network element may be an NPN network registration function (NPN-network repository function, NPN-NRF) network element.
  • NPN-NRF NPN-network repository function
  • the network storage network element may still be an NRF network element, or it may have another name, which is not limited in this application.
  • NPN interworking network element 165 used for terminal devices in networks other than NPN to access services through NPN, or that the interworking network element may be an interface network element of other networks in NPN.
  • the interworking network element may also be an NPN non-3GPP interworking function (NPN-N3IWF) network element.
  • NPN-N3IWF NPN non-3GPP interworking function
  • the forwarding network element 130 and the NPN interworking network element 165 have a communication link, such as a communication tunnel or IP routing link
  • the NPN forwarding network element 135 and the interworking network element 160 have a communication link, such as a communication tunnel or IP Routing link.
  • the terminal device 110 can realize the service access through the PLMN through the RAN 120 and the forwarding network element 130.
  • the terminal device 110 may implement the NPN access service through the RAN 120, the forwarding network element 130, the NPN interworking network element 165, and the NPN forwarding network element 135.
  • the terminal device 115 can use the NPN RAN 125 and the NPN forwarding network element 135 to realize the service access through the NPN.
  • the terminal device 115 can implement service access through the PLMN through the NPN RAN 125, the NPN forwarding network element 135, the interworking network element 160, and the forwarding network element 130.
  • network element may also be called an entity, device, device or module, etc., and this application is not particularly limited.
  • AMF AMF network element
  • AMF AMF network element
  • the foregoing network element or function may be a network element in a hardware device, or a software function running on dedicated hardware, or a virtualized function instantiated on a platform (for example, a cloud platform).
  • network function entities such as AMF, SMF, PCF, and UDM are called network function (NF) network elements; or, in other network architectures, AMF, SMF, PC, GMF And the collection of UDM and other network elements can be called a control plane function (Control Plane Function, CPF) network element.
  • NF network function
  • CPF Control Plane Function
  • the embodiments of the present application describe various embodiments in conjunction with a terminal device, where the terminal device may also be called a user equipment (User Equipment (UE), access terminal, subscriber unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote Terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent or user device.
  • UE User Equipment
  • the terminal equipment may be a station (STAION, ST) in the WLAN, may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (Wireless Local Loop, WLL) station, personal digital processing (Personal Digital Assistant, PDA) device, handheld device with wireless communication function, computing device or other processing device connected to wireless modem, in-vehicle device, IoV terminal, computer, laptop computer, handheld communication device, handheld Computing equipment, satellite wireless equipment, wireless modem cards, TV set-top boxes (STB), customer premise equipment (CPE) and / or other equipment used to communicate on wireless systems and next-generation communication systems For example, terminal equipment in a 5G network or terminal equipment in a PLMN network that will evolve in the future.
  • SIP Session Initiation Protocol
  • WLL Wireless Local Loop
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant
  • handheld device with wireless communication function computing device or other processing device connected to wireless modem
  • in-vehicle device Io
  • the terminal device may also be a wearable device.
  • Wearable devices can also be referred to as wearable smart devices. It is a general term for applying wearable technology to intelligently design everyday wear and develop wearable devices, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing and shoes.
  • a wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. Wearable devices are not only a hardware device, but also realize powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction.
  • Generalized wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized, complete or partial functions that do not depend on smartphones, such as: smart watches or smart glasses, and only focus on a certain type of application functions, and need to cooperate with other devices such as smartphones Use, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for sign monitoring.
  • the terminal device may also be a terminal device in the Internet of Things (IoT) system.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • Connected to the network so as to realize the intelligent network of human-machine interconnection and object interconnection.
  • each access network device may include one or more antennas.
  • the access network equipment may additionally include a transmitter chain and a receiver chain, and those of ordinary skill in the art may understand that they can include multiple components related to signal transmission and reception (such as processors, modulators, multiplexers) Device, demodulator, demultiplexer or antenna, etc.).
  • Each access network device can communicate with multiple terminal devices.
  • the terminal device may be, for example, a cellular phone, smart phone, portable computer, handheld communication device, handheld computing device, satellite radio, global positioning system, PDA, and / or any other suitable device for communicating on a wireless communication system.
  • the access network device may send data or information to the terminal device through a forward link (also called a downlink), and receive data or information from the terminal device through a reverse link (also called an uplink).
  • a forward link also called a downlink
  • a reverse link also called an uplink
  • the forward link and the reverse link may use different frequency bands.
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • the forward link and the reverse link can use the same frequency band.
  • Each antenna (or antenna group consisting of multiple antennas) and / or area designed for communication is called a sector of an access network device.
  • the antenna group may be designed to communicate with terminal devices in sectors in the coverage area of the access network device.
  • the access network device may transmit signals to all terminal devices in its corresponding sector through single antenna or multi-antenna transmit diversity.
  • the transmit antenna of the access network device can also use beamforming to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the forward link.
  • the access network device uses beamforming to send signals to randomly scattered terminal devices in the relevant coverage area, Mobile devices in neighboring cells will experience less interference.
  • the access network device or the terminal device may be a wireless communication sending device and / or a wireless communication receiving device.
  • the wireless communication transmitting device may encode the data for transmission.
  • the wireless communication transmitting device may acquire (eg, generate, receive from other communication devices, or store in a memory, etc.) a certain number of data bits to be transmitted to the wireless communication receiving device through the channel.
  • data bits may be contained in a transport block (or multiple transport blocks) of data, which may be segmented to produce multiple code blocks.
  • the communication system 100 may also include a D2D network, an M2M network, an IoT network, a V2X network, or other networks.
  • FIG. 1 is only a simplified schematic diagram by way of example, and the network may also include other access network devices or network elements of other mobile networks. Not shown in Figure 1.
  • the terminal device or the forwarding device includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on the hardware layer, and an application layer running on the operating system layer.
  • the hardware layer includes central processing unit (CPU), memory management unit (Memory Management Unit, MMU) and memory (also called main memory) and other hardware.
  • the operating system may be any one or more computer operating systems that implement business processes through processes, for example, a Linux operating system, a Unix operating system, an Android operating system, an iOS operating system, or a windows operating system.
  • the application layer includes browser, address book, word processing software, instant messaging software and other applications.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific structure of the execution body of the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, as long as it can run the program that records the code of the method provided by the embodiment of the present application to provide according to the embodiment of the present application
  • the method may be used for communication.
  • the execution body of the method provided in the embodiments of the present application may be a terminal device or a network device, or a functional module in the terminal device or network device that can call a program and execute the program.
  • various aspects or features of the embodiments of the present application may be implemented as methods, devices, or products using standard programming and / or engineering techniques.
  • article of manufacture as used in this application encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium.
  • computer-readable media may include, but is not limited to: magnetic storage devices (eg, hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes, etc.), optical disks (eg, compact discs (Compact Disc, CD), digital universal discs (Digital Versatile Disc, DVD) Etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (for example, Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), cards, sticks or key drives, etc.).
  • magnetic storage devices eg, hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes, etc.
  • optical disks eg, compact discs (Compact Disc, CD), digital universal discs (Digital Versatile Disc, DVD) Etc.
  • smart cards and flash memory devices for example, Erasable Programm
  • various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information.
  • machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
  • multiple application programs can be run at the application layer.
  • the application program that executes the method of the embodiment of the present application and the device for controlling the receiving end device to complete the received data The application of the corresponding action may be a different application.
  • the solution provided by this application can be applied to the handover process of the terminal device between the two networks.
  • the solution provided in this application may be applied to the UE switching from PLMN to a private network (NPN), or the solution provided in this application may be applied to the UE switching from NPN to PLMN.
  • NPN private network
  • the UE can perform service access in the PLMN.
  • the UE can access the PLMN's radio access network (RAN), which is written as RAN # 1.
  • RAN radio access network
  • the UE can access the access network device of RAN # 1, for example, a base station.
  • the UE can register in the PLMN through RAN # 1.
  • the UE can access at least one of the following services through RAN # 1.
  • UPF PLMN forwarding device
  • the UE sends the uplink PLMN service data to UPF # 1 through the RAN # 1, and the UPF # 1 can send the data to an Internet-side device (for example, a server for the PLMN service) Or the receiving device of the upstream PLMN service data).
  • UPF # 1 sends the downlink PLMN service data from the external device to RAN # 1, and RAN # 1 can send the data to the UE.
  • NPN service may refer to a service transmitted through an NPN forwarding device (for example, UPF, denoted as UPF # 2).
  • UE # 1 sends the uplink NPN service data to the PLMN forwarding device (for example, UPF) through the RAN # 1, and the UPN of the PLMN can use the uplink NPN service data
  • the NPN interworking device for example, NPN-N3IWF
  • NPN-N3IWF can send the data to the NPN forwarding device (for example, NPN-UPF)
  • NPN-UPF can send the data to an external device (for example, NPN The server of the service or the receiving end device of the upstream NPN service data).
  • the NPN-UPF sends the downlink NPN service data from the external device to the NPN-N3IWF.
  • the NPN-N3IWF can send the data to the UPF, and the UPF can send the data to the RAN # 1.
  • RAN # 1 can send the data to the UE.
  • UE # 1 is established with the PLMN's forwarding device (eg, UPF, referred to as UPF # 1) through the PLMN's access device (eg, RAN, referred to as RAN # 1).
  • UPF the PLMN's forwarding device
  • RAN the PLMN's access device
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the PLMN's session management device may allocate a communication identifier (recorded, for communication identifier # 1) to UE # 1, for example, the communication identifier # 1 may include internet protocol (IP) address or IP port, etc.
  • UE # 1 may use the communication identification # 1 as its local identification used in the session # 1.
  • IP internet protocol
  • S210, UE # 1 establishes a session with UPF # 1 through RAN # 1 can be understood as: the data transmitted by UE # 1 and UPF # 1 through the session # 1 needs to be forwarded via RAN # 1.
  • the session # 1 may include channel # 1, and the channel # 1 may be a channel between RAN # 1 and UPF # 1.
  • UE # 1 can receive or send data of the PLMN service through the session # 1.
  • the UE # 1 may also only reside in the PLMN without performing service access through the PLMN. In this case, the above S210 may not be performed.
  • the UE # 1 can establish a communication tunnel (remember, tunnel # 1) with the PLMN interworking device (record, interworking device # 1).
  • the tunnel # 1 may include IP security (internet protocol security, IPSec )tunnel.
  • the communication identifier (eg, IP address) used by UE # 1 in the tunnel # 1 be the communication identifier #X.
  • the communication identifier #X may be the above-mentioned communication identifier # 1.
  • UE # 1 may also establish another session with UPF # 1 or another UPF (remember, UPF # 1a) (for example, PDU session, remember, session # 2), and set UE # 1 in the session #
  • the local identifier used in 2 is communication identifier # 2
  • communication identifier #X may be the above communication identifier # 2.
  • the process of establishing the tunnel based on the communication identifier may be similar to the prior art.
  • the detailed description is omitted.
  • the establishment process of the tunnel # 1 may be performed during the registration process of the UE # 1 in the PLMN through the interworking device # 1.
  • the interworking device # 1 may obtain the key of the tunnel # 1 through the above registration process.
  • UE # 1 can send the registration request # 1 to the interworking device # 1, and the registration request # 1 can carry the identifier of the UE # 1, for example, a 5G globally unique temporary UE identifier (5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity) , 5G-GUTI);
  • 5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity 5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity
  • multiple communication connections may be included between the interworking device # 1 and the AMF # 1, and the multiple communication connections and the multiple UE identifications may have a one-to-one correspondence, so that the interworking device # 1 may determine the UE # 1 indicates the communication connection corresponding to (record, communication connection # 1).
  • the interworking device # 1 can send the registration request # 1 through the N2 message # 1 of the communication connection # 1.
  • AMF # 1 may determine that UE # 1 needs to be registered according to the registration request # 1, and perform registration processing.
  • the registration request # 1 may also carry the identifier of the UE # 1.
  • a pre-registration identifier may be carried in the registration request # 1, and the pre-registration identifier may be used to indicate that the UE needs to perform network handover but has not yet been switched to the destination network, or the pre-registration identifier may be used to indicate that the UE needs to perform The network is switched but still in the source network.
  • the registration request # 1 and / or the N2 message # 1 may carry target network information (for example, NPN identification), and the interworking device # 1 may obtain the target from the tunnel # 1 establishment request message sent by the UE
  • the network information is filled in the N2 message # 1, so that AMF # 1 can determine the network to which the UE needs to switch based on the target network information.
  • AMF # 1 may determine that UE # 1 needs to be switched from PLMN to NPN according to the identifier of the NPN, so that UE # 1 may be registered (eg, authenticated) according to the process of UE accessing PLMN from NPN.
  • AMF # 1 may determine that UE # 1 is in the PLMN according to the pre-registration identifier, so that UE # 1 may be registered (eg, authenticated) according to the process of the UE accessing the PLMN from the PLMN's RAN.
  • the registration processing flow under different access technologies may be the same, that is, for the same UE accessing from different access technologies, only one registration and access context are generated, and there is no need to distinguish between access technology.
  • AMF # 1 can authorize whether UE # 1 can access the PLMN from NPN according to the pre-registration identifier, and the authorization can be performed according to the contract of UE # 1 or a local policy.
  • AMF # 1 may send the registration completion instruction to the interworking device # 1, and the registration completion instruction may carry the interworking key.
  • the interworking device # 1 can directly use the interworking key or derive the key of the tunnel # 1 according to the interworking key, and forward the registration completion instruction to the UE # 1.
  • UE # 1 after UE # 1 is switched from PLMN to NPN, it can establish a session (remember, session # 3) with the NPN forwarding device (for example, UPF, recorded as UPF # 2).
  • the session # 3 may include a protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the NPN access management device may assign a communication identifier (recorded, for communication identifier # 3) to UE # 1, for example, the communication identifier # 3 may include IP address or IP port.
  • UE # 1 may send an update request to interworking device # 1, which may carry communication identifier # 3, and the update request may be used to instruct interworking device # 1 to use this UE # 1 in tunnel # 1 Is updated to the communication ID # 3.
  • the interworking device # 1 may update the local identifier used by the UE # 1 in the tunnel # 1 to the communication identifier # 3 according to the update request.
  • UE # 1 can use the communication identifier # 3 as a local identifier in the NPN to perform service access through the interworking device # 1 through the tunnel # 1.
  • the network switching method by making UE # 1 in the PLMN establish tunnel # 1 with interworking device # 1, so that after UE # 1 switches to NPN, it is only necessary for UE # 1 to be in the tunnel #
  • the local ID used in 1 is updated, that is, communication can be performed through the tunnel # 1, thereby reducing the switching processing time due to tunnel establishment after network switching.
  • UE # 1 may use the communication identification # 1 as its local identification used in the session # 1.
  • UE # 1 may establish a communication tunnel (remember, tunnel # 2) with the NPN interworking device (remember, interworking device # 2).
  • the tunnel # 2 may include an IPSec tunnel.
  • the establishment process of the tunnel # 2 may be similar to the prior art, and in order to avoid redundant descriptions, detailed descriptions thereof are omitted here.
  • UE # 1 can register in the NPN through the interworking device # 2 through the tunnel # 2.
  • the registration process may include the following steps:
  • UE # 1 can send registration request # 3 to interworking device # 2 through tunnel # 2, and the registration request # 3 can carry the identifier of UE # 1, for example, media access control (MAC) ) Address, mobile phone number, international mobile subscriber identification number (IMSI), international mobile equipment identification code (international mobile identification, IMEI).
  • MAC media access control
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identification number
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identification code
  • multiple communication connections may be included between the interworking device # 2 and the access management device of the NPN (for example, AMF, denoted as AMF # 2), and multiple communication connections and multiple UE identifiers may have one-to-one Correspondence, so that the interworking device # 2 can determine the communication connection corresponding to the identifier of UE # 1 (recorded as, communication connection # 2).
  • AMF access management device of the NPN
  • the interworking device # 2 can send the registration request # 3 through the N2 message # 2 of the communication connection # 2.
  • AMF # 2 determines that UE # 1 needs to be registered according to the registration request # 3, and performs the registration process. For example, AMF # 2 can determine the security information used by the UE # 1 in the NPN (remember, security information # 1), and AMF # 2 can assign a temporary identifier to UE # 1 (record, temporary identifier # 1) .
  • AMF # 2 may record registration information, which may be used to indicate the correspondence between the temporary identification # 1 and the security information # 1.
  • the registration request # 3 and the N2 message # 2 may carry source network information (for example, the identity of the PLMN or the location information of the PLMN, etc.), so that AMF # 2 can determine the current UE based on the source network information Where the network is.
  • AMF # 2 may determine that UE # 1 is currently within the range of PLMN according to the identifier of the PLMN, so that UE # 1 may be registered (eg, authenticated) according to the process of the UE accessing the NPN from the PLMN.
  • UE # 1 After UE # 1 switches from PLMN to NPN, it can send registration request # 5 to AMF # 2 through the NPN access device (for example, RAN, denoted as RAN # 2), which can be carried in the registration request # 5 The temporary identification # 1.
  • NPN access device for example, RAN, denoted as RAN # 2
  • AMF # 2 may determine the security information # 1 corresponding to the temporary identification # 1 based on the registration information.
  • the authentication and / or NPN can be completed before UE # 1 is switched to NPN Registration, so that it is possible to reduce the switching processing time due to authentication and / or registration after network switching.
  • UE # 1 can register after switching to NPN.
  • UE # 1 may instruct interworking device # 1 and UPF # 1 to establish channel # 2, where channel # 2 belongs to session # 1.
  • UE # 1 may send a session establishment request to AMF # 1 via interworking device # 1, and the session establishment request may include the identification of session # 1.
  • AMF # 1 may send the session establishment context to the PLMN's session management device (for example, SMF, denoted as SMF # 1) according to the session establishment request.
  • SMF session management device
  • SMF # 1 sends a session establishment instruction to UPF # 1 based on the session establishment context.
  • channel # 1 of session # 1 has been established in S210, therefore, in the prior art, after channel # 2 is established, devices such as AMF # 1, SMF # 1, or UPF # 1 may initiate a channel # 1 Resource release process.
  • channel # 2 when channel # 2 is established, UE # 1 is still in the PLMN, and there is no need to switch the downlink channel to channel # 2, nor does it need to release the resource release of channel # 1. If the downlink channel switching process is initiated, The service transmission delay accessed by UE # 1 through the session # 1 may increase.
  • the session establishment request may carry a pre-handover indication, and the pre-handover indication may be used to indicate that the release of resources of channel # 1 is prohibited.
  • the pre-switching instruction is sent by UE # 1 to SMF # 1 via AMF # 1 in the session establishment request, and SMF # 1 is sent to UPF # 1.
  • UPF # 1 temporarily does not switch the downlink channel to the interworking device # according to the instruction On the 1 side, SMF # 1 temporarily does not initiate the resource release process of channel # 1 according to the instruction.
  • UPF # 1 may send the downlink data of UE # 1 through the channel # 2.
  • the interworking device # 1 may buffer the received downlink data of the channel # 2.
  • the interworking device # 1 may send the cached data to the UE # 1 after determining that the update of the tunnel # 1 (specifically, the update of the local communication identifier used by the UE # 1 in the tunnel # 1) is completed.
  • UPF # 1 may send the downlink data of UE # 1 through the channel # 2 by default. That is, the UE does not need to send a pre-handover instruction, and directly executes step S245.
  • Steps S247 and S249 can also be performed by default after S245. If the interworking device # 1 determines that UE # 1 is currently in the PLMN according to the operator strategy or the local strategy, it buffers the received downlink data. In another possible way, steps S247 and S249 are triggered by the UE. Specifically, after the PDU session is established, the UE sends an IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL message to the interworking device # 1, which carries the downlink data cache notification indication (DL Data Cache Notification), Optionally, it also carries the PDU session identifier, and the interworking device # 1 determines that it needs to cache the received downlink data of the session # 1 according to the downlink data buffer notification instruction.
  • the interworking device # 1 determines that it needs to cache the received downlink data of the session # 1 according to the downlink data buffer notification instruction.
  • UPF # 1 may still send downlink data of UE # 1 through the channel # 1.
  • UE # 1 may send a channel switching instruction to UPF # 1, and the channel switching instruction may be used to instruct UPF # 1 to use channel # 2 to send downlink data of UE # 1.
  • UE # 1 may send the channel switching instruction when it is determined to switch to the target NPN network.
  • UE # 1 sends an IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL message to the interworking device # 1 after the establishment of the PDU session is completed, which carries the downlink data cache notification indication (DL Data Cache Notification), and optionally also carries the PDU session ID, interworking The device # 1 determines that it needs to cache the received downlink data of the session # 1 according to the downlink data buffer notification instruction.
  • the downlink data cache notification indication DL Data Cache Notification
  • PDU session ID optionally also carries the PDU session ID
  • the interworking device # 1 sends an N2 message to AMF # 1, which includes a channel switching indication or a downlink data buffer notification indication.
  • the UE sends a PDU session modification request to AMF # 1, which includes a channel switching indication or a downlink data buffer notification indication.
  • AMF # 1 After receiving the channel switching instruction or the downlink data buffer notification instruction, AMF # 1 sends the instruction to SMF # 1. Specifically, it can send the PDU session context modification information to transmit the instruction to SMF # 1; SMF # 1 sends the N4 message to Sent to UPF # 1, which includes the channel switching instruction; UPF # 1 switches the downlink channel of session # 1 to the interworking device # 1 according to the channel switching instruction. According to the channel switching instruction, SMF # 1 may also decide whether to initiate the resource release of channel # 1 of session # 1 according to the operator strategy or local strategy.
  • the UE carries a channel switching instruction or a downlink data cache notification instruction (DL Data Cache Notification) in the session establishment request of S240, and the PDU session establishment request is sent to SMF # 1 via AMF # 1
  • SMF # 1 may send an N4 message to UPF # 1, which includes the channel switching instruction or the downlink data buffer notification instruction.
  • UPF # 1 switches the downstream channel of session # 1 to interworking device # 1.
  • SMF # 1 may decide whether to initiate channel # 1 resource release of session # 1 according to the channel switching instruction or the downlink data buffer notification instruction, or according to the operator strategy or local strategy.
  • SMF # 1 carries the channel switching instruction or the downlink data cache notification instruction (DL Data Cache Notification) to the interworking device # 1 in the N2 SM information, and the interworking device # 1 determines that it needs to cache the received downlink data of the session # 1 according to the instruction .
  • DL Data Cache Notification downlink data cache notification instruction
  • the interworking device can buffer the downlink data of the UE # 1 during the switching process of the UE # 1 And deliver the cached data after UE # 1 completes the handover, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of UE # 1's communication and further improving the user experience.
  • UE # 1 before UE # 1 switches from PLMN to NPN, UE # 1 triggers the establishment of a forwarding tunnel between interworking device # 1 and RAN # 1.
  • the process of establishing a forwarding tunnel may be triggered in any of the following ways.
  • UE # 1 may send NPN measurement information to RAN # 1.
  • RAN # 1 When the measurement information satisfies the preset network handover condition, RAN # 1 requests AMF # 1 a network handover request (handover), which carries an NPN indication or identification and an indirect data forwarding tunnel indication. AMF # 1 according to the NPN network indication or identification. ;
  • AMF # 1 sends an N2 message to the interworking device # 1 according to the network switching request, which carries an indirect data forwarding tunnel indication.
  • the N2 message can be a handover request or other N2 messages, which is not limited here; the interworking device # 1 allocates the forwarding tunnel ID, in the response message of the N2 message, such as Handover request acknowledge message or other N2 message to AMF # 1;
  • AMF # 1 sends the forwarding tunnel ID of the interworking device # 1 to SMF # 1, SMF # 1 in the N4 message Is sent to UPF # 1, SMF # 1 or UPF # 1 is assigned to the forwarding tunnel ID on UPF # 1, and is sent to RAN # 1 via AMF # 1 in the N2 SM information.
  • UE # 1 can send a forwarding tunnel establishment instruction to interworking device # 1;
  • the interworking device # 1 establishes a forwarding tunnel with RAN # 1 according to the forwarding tunnel establishment instruction.
  • the interworking device # 1 allocates the forwarding tunnel identifier (recorded as forwarding tunnel identifier # 1) used by it, and sends it to AMF # 1 using an N2 message;
  • the path switch request (N2 path switch request) or other N2 message carries the forwarding tunnel identifier # 1 and is sent to AMF # 1.
  • AMF # 1 sends the forwarding tunnel ID of interworking device # 1 to SMF # 1, and SMF # 1 is sent to UPF # 1 in the N4 message.
  • the SM information is sent to RAN # 1 via AMF # 1.
  • AMF # 1 may send a forwarding tunnel establishment completion indication to the interworking device # 1 through an N2 message. Or, after the interworking device # 1 sends the self-assigned forwarding tunnel identifier to AMF # 1, the interworking device # 1 may send a forwarding tunnel establishment completion instruction to UE # 1.
  • RAN # 1 may send a forwarding tunnel establishment complete indication to UE # 1.
  • UE # 1 may determine that the transfer tunnel establishment is completed based on the forward tunnel establishment completion indication, and thus may trigger a network handover process from PLMN to NPN.
  • RAN # 1 may send the downlink data of UE # 1 through the forwarding tunnel.
  • the interworking device # 1 may cache the received downlink data of the forwarding tunnel.
  • the interworking device # 1 may send the cached data to the UE # 1 after determining that the update of the tunnel # 1 (specifically, the update of the local communication identifier used by the UE # 1 in the tunnel # 1) is completed.
  • the interworking device can buffer the downlink of UE # 1 during the switching process of UE # 1 The data, and the cached data is delivered after the handover of UE # 1 is completed, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of the communication of UE # 1, and further improving the user experience.
  • S240 may be performed before S250, or S240 may also be performed after S250.
  • UE # A establishes session #B with the PLMN's access device (eg, RAN # 1) and the PLMN's forwarding device (eg, UPF # 1).
  • UE # A has established tunnel #B with the interworking device (eg, interworking device # 2) of NPN through session #B.
  • UE # A establishes a session (remember, session #A) with the NPN forwarding device (for example, UPF # 2) through tunnel #B.
  • the session #A may include a protocol data unit (protocol data unit, PDU) session.
  • PDU protocol data unit
  • the session #B includes channel #A, which is the channel between RAN # 1 and UPF # 1.
  • UE # A can receive or send data of the NPN service through the session #A.
  • the interworking device between UE # A and NPN (for example, interworking Device # 2) establishes a communication tunnel (remember, tunnel #B).
  • the tunnel #B may include an IPSec tunnel.
  • the establishment process of the tunnel #B may be similar to the prior art, and in order to avoid redundant description here, its detailed description is omitted.
  • UE # A can perform authentication and / or registration in the NPN via the interworking device # 2 through the tunnel #B.
  • This process may be similar to the prior art, and here, in order to avoid redundant description, a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • the UE #A may establish a communication tunnel (remember, tunnel #A) with an interworking device of PLMN (for example, interworking device # 1).
  • the tunnel #A may include an IPSec tunnel.
  • the communication identifier (eg, IP address) used by UE # A in the tunnel #A be the communication identifier #A.
  • the communication identifier #A may be an identifier allocated by the PLMN to UE # A, or the communication identifier #A may be an identifier used by UE # A in the PLMN.
  • the process of establishing the tunnel based on the communication identifier may be similar to the prior art.
  • the detailed description is omitted.
  • UE # A after UE # A is switched from PLMN to NPN, it may send a registration request to AMF # 2 through the NPN access device (for example, RAN # 2), and the registration request may carry the temporary identifier #A.
  • NPN access device for example, RAN # 2
  • AMF # 2 may determine the security information #A corresponding to the temporary identification #A according to the registration information.
  • the registration in NPN can be completed before UE # A is not switched to NPN, which can reduce the registration due to network switching The length of the handover process that occurs.
  • UE # A can register after switching to NPN.
  • S320 may be performed before S330, or S320 may also be performed after S330.
  • UE # A may instruct interworking device # 1 and UPF # 1 to establish channel #B, which belongs to session #B.
  • the channel #B may be the N3 channel of the PDU session.
  • UE # A may send a session establishment request to AMF # 1 via interworking device # 1.
  • the session establishment request may include the identification of session #B.
  • AMF # 1 may send the session establishment context to the PMLN's session management device (for example, SMF # 1) according to the session establishment request.
  • the PMLN's session management device for example, SMF # 1
  • SMF # 1 sends a session establishment instruction to UPF # 1 based on the session establishment context.
  • channel #A of session #B has been established in S310, therefore, in the prior art, after channel #B is established, devices such as AMF # 1, SMF # 1, or UPF # 1 may initiate a channel # A's resource release process.
  • channel #B when channel #B is established, UE # A is still in the PLMN, and it is not necessary to switch the downlink channel to channel #B, nor does it need to release the resources of channel #A. If the downlink channel switching process is initiated, the transmission delay of the service service accessed by UE # A through the session #B may increase.
  • the session establishment request may carry a pre-handover indication, and the pre-handover indication may be used to indicate that the release of channel #A is prohibited.
  • the pre-switching instruction is sent by UE # 1 to SMF # 1 via AMF # 1 in the session establishment request, and SMF # 1 is sent to UPF # 1.
  • UPF # 1 temporarily does not switch the downlink channel to the interworking device # according to the instruction
  • SMF # 1 temporarily does not initiate the resource release process of channel # 1 according to the instruction.
  • UPF # 1 may send the downlink data of UE # A through the channel #B.
  • the interworking device # 1 may buffer the received downlink data of the channel #B.
  • UPF # 1 may send the downlink data of UE # A through the session #B by default. That is, the UE does not need to send the pre-handover instruction, and directly executes step S345. Steps S347 and S349 can also be performed by default after S345. If the interworking device # 1 determines that UE # A is currently in the PLMN according to the operator strategy or the local strategy, it buffers the received downlink data. In another possible way, steps S347 and S349 are triggered by UE # A.
  • UE # A sends an IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL message to interworking device # 1 after the establishment of the PDU session is completed, which carries the downlink data cache notification indication (DL Data Cache Notification), optionally carrying a PDU session identifier, the interworking device # 1 determines that it needs to cache the received downlink data of session #B according to the downlink data cache notification indication.
  • the downlink data cache notification indication DL Data Cache Notification
  • the interworking device # 1 determines that it needs to cache the received downlink data of session #B according to the downlink data cache notification indication.
  • UPF # 1 may still send downlink data of UE # A through the channel #A.
  • UE # A may send a channel switching instruction to UPF # 1, and the channel switching instruction may be used to instruct UPF # 1 to use a channel based on interworking device # 1 (eg, channel #B) to send downlink data of UE # A .
  • UE # A may send the channel switching instruction when it is determined to switch to the target NPN network.
  • UE # A sends an IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL message to interworking device # 1 after the establishment of the PDU session is completed, which carries the downlink data cache notification indication (DL Data Cache Notification), and optionally also carries the PDU session ID, interworking Device # 1 determines that it needs to buffer the received downlink data of channel #B according to the downlink data buffer notification instruction.
  • DL Data Cache Notification downlink data cache notification indication
  • PDU session ID optionally also carries the PDU session ID
  • the interworking device # 1 sends an N2 message to AMF # 1, which includes a channel switching indication or a downlink data buffer notification indication.
  • the UE sends a PDU session modification request to AMF # 1, which includes a channel switching indication or a downlink data buffer notification indication.
  • AMF # 1 After receiving the channel switching instruction or the downlink data buffer notification instruction, AMF # 1 sends the instruction to SMF # 1. Specifically, it can send the PDU session context modification information to transmit the instruction to SMF # 1; SMF # 1 sends the N4 message to Sent to UPF # 1, which includes a channel switching instruction; UPF # 1 switches the downlink channel of session #B to interworking device # 1 according to the channel switching instruction. According to the channel switching instruction, SMF # 1 may also decide whether to initiate the resource release of channel #A of session #B according to the operator strategy or local strategy.
  • the UE carries a channel switching instruction or a downlink data cache notification instruction (DL Data Cache Notification) in the session establishment request of S340, and the PDU session establishment request is sent to SMF # 1 via AMF # 1
  • SMF # 1 sends an N4 message to UPF # 1, which includes the channel switching instruction or the downlink data buffer notification instruction.
  • UPF # A switches the downstream channel of session #B to interworking device # 1.
  • SMF # 1 may decide whether to initiate resource release of channel #A of session #B according to the channel switching instruction or the downlink data buffer notification instruction, or according to the operator strategy or local strategy.
  • SMF # 1 carries the channel switching instruction or the downlink data cache notification instruction (DL Data Cache Notification) to the interworking device # 1 in the N2 SM information, and the interworking device # 1 determines that it needs to cache the received downlink data of the session #B according to the instruction .
  • DL Data Cache Notification downlink data cache notification instruction
  • the interworking device can buffer the downlink data of the UE # A during the switching process of the UE # A , And deliver the cached data after UE # A completes the handover, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of UE # A's communication and further improving the user experience.
  • UE # A before UE # A switches from PLMN to NPN, UE # A triggers the establishment of a forwarding tunnel between interworking device # 1 and RAN # 1.
  • UE # A may send NPN measurement information to RAN # 1.
  • RAN # 1 requests AMF # 1 a network handover request (handover), which carries an NPN indication or identification and an indirect data forwarding tunnel indication.
  • AMF # 1 is based on the NPN network indication or identification;
  • AMF # 1 sends an N2 message to the interworking device # 1 according to the network switching request, which carries an indirect data forwarding tunnel indication.
  • the N2 message can be a handover request or other N2 messages.
  • interworking device # 1 assigns the forwarding tunnel ID, and sends it to AMF # 1 in the response message of the N2 message, for example, Handover request and acknowledge message; AMF # 1 sends the forwarding tunnel ID of interworking device # 1 to SMF # 1, SMF # 1 is sent to UPF # 1 in the N4 message. SMF # 1 or UPF # 1 allocates the forwarding tunnel ID on UPF # 1, and sends it to RAN # 1 via AMF # 1 in the N2 SM information. .
  • UE # A may send a forwarding tunnel establishment instruction to interworking device # 1; interworking device # 1 establishes a forwarding tunnel with RAN # 1 according to the forwarding tunnel establishment instruction; and, during the forwarding tunnel establishment process, interworking device # 1 Determine the forwarding tunnel identifier (recorded as forwarding tunnel identifier # 1) and send it to AMF # 1 using N2 message; for example, interworking device # 1 can carry the forwarding tunnel identifier # 1 through N2 message or other N2 messages.
  • AMF # 1 sends the forwarding tunnel ID of interworking device # 1 to SMF # 1, and SMF # 1 is sent to UPF # 1, SMF # 1 or UPF # 1 on UPF # 1 in N4 message Forward the tunnel ID and send it to RAN # 1 via AMF # 1 in the N2 SM information.
  • AMF # 1 may send a forwarding tunnel establishment completion indication to the interworking device # 1 through an N2 message.
  • the interworking device # 1 may send a forwarding tunnel establishment completion indication to UE # A.
  • RAN # 1 may send a forwarding tunnel establishment complete indication to UE # A.
  • UE # A may determine that the transfer tunnel establishment is completed based on the forward tunnel establishment completion instruction, so that the network handover process from PLMN to NPN can be triggered.
  • RAN # 1 may send the downlink data of UE # A through the forwarding tunnel.
  • the interworking device # 1 may cache the received downlink data of the forwarding tunnel.
  • the interworking device can buffer the downlink of UE # A during the switching process of UE # A The data, and the cached data is delivered after UE # A completes the handover, thereby ensuring the continuity and reliability of the communication of UE # A, and further improving the user experience.
  • this application does not specifically limit the execution order of the above S340 and S350, that is, S340 may be performed before S350, or S340 may also be performed after S350.
  • the NPN forwarding device for example, UPF # 2.
  • the session #C may include PDU session.
  • the NPN session management device for example, SMF, denoted as SMF # 2
  • SMF # 2 may allocate a communication identifier (recorded, communication identifier #B) for UE # A, for example, the communication identifier # B may include an IP address or IP port.
  • UE # A may also directly use the communication identifier in session #A as communication identifier #B.
  • UE # A may send an update request to interworking device # 1, and the update request may carry communication identifier #B, and the update request may be used to instruct interworking device # 1 to use tunnel #A in UE # A. Is updated to the communication ID #B.
  • the interworking device # 1 may update the local identifier used by the UE # A in the tunnel #A to the communication identifier #B according to the update request.
  • the interworking device # 1 may send the cached data to the UE # A through the updated tunnel #A.
  • the UE When the UE accesses the services of the second network within the first network, if the UE switches, it may result in the interruption of access caused by the network switching.
  • the network switching solution provided in this application by enabling the interworking device of the first network Cache service data, and establish a tunnel between the UE and the first interworking device in advance, so that after the UE switches to the second network, the local identification of the tunnel can be updated, so that the interworking device of the first network can use the tunnel to
  • the UE delivers the cached data, which can ensure the continuity and reliability of service access, and can shorten the time required for network switching.
  • the process when the UE ie, an example of the terminal device
  • switches from the PLMN ie, an example of the first network
  • the NPN ie, an example of the second network
  • UE # a when UE # a determines that it is necessary to switch from PLMN to NPN (specifically, from RAN # 1 to RAN # 2), or, in UE # 1, Before PLMN needs to switch to NPN, UE # 1 can establish a communication tunnel (remember, tunnel #a) with the NPN interworking device (ie, interworking device # 2).
  • the tunnel #a may include an IPSec tunnel .
  • the establishment process of the tunnel #a may be similar to the prior art, and in order to avoid redundant description here, its detailed description is omitted.
  • UE # a can register in the NPN through the interworking device # 2 through the tunnel #a.
  • the registration process may include the following steps:
  • UE # a can send a registration request #a to the interworking device # 2 through the tunnel #a, and the registration request #a can carry the identifier of the UE # a, for example, media access control (media access control, MAC ) Address, mobile phone number, international mobile subscriber identification number (IMSI), international mobile equipment identification code (international mobile identification, IMEI).
  • media access control media access control, MAC
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identification number
  • IMEI international mobile equipment identification code
  • multiple communication connections may be included between the interworking device # 2 and the NPN's access management device (for example, AMF # 2), and multiple communication connections and multiple UE identifiers may have a one-to-one correspondence, thereby ,
  • the interworking device # 2 can determine the communication connection corresponding to the identifier of UE # a (recorded as, communication connection #a).
  • the interworking device # 2 can send the registration request #a through the N2 message #a of the communication connection #a.
  • AMF # 2 determines that UE # a needs to be registered and performs registration processing. For example, AMF # 2 can determine the security information (remember, security information #a) used by the UE # a in NPN, and AMF # 2 can assign a temporary identifier (record, temporary identifier #a) to UE # a .
  • AMF # 2 can record registration information, which can be used to indicate the correspondence between the temporary identifier #a and the security information #a.
  • the registration request #a and the N2 message #a may carry source network information (for example, PLMN identification or PLMN location information, etc.), so that AMF # 2 may determine the current UE based on the source network information Where the network is.
  • AMF # 2 may determine that UE # a is currently within the range of PLMN according to the identifier of the PLMN, so that UE # a may be registered (eg, authenticated) according to the process of UE accessing NPN from PLMN's RAN
  • a registration request #c can be sent to AMF # 2 through the access device of NPN (for example, RAN # 2), which can carry the temporary identifier # a.
  • AMF # 2 may determine the security information #a corresponding to the temporary identification #a according to the registration information.
  • the registration in NPN can be completed before UE # a is not switched to NPN, which can be shortened The length of the switching process due to registration after network switching.
  • the processing procedure when the UE switches from PLMN to NPN is described as an example, but this application is not limited to this, and the solution provided in this application is also applicable to when the UE switches from NPN to PLMN Process.
  • the actions performed by interworking device # 1 and interworking device # 2 are interchanged, the actions performed by AMF # 1 and AMF # 2 are interchanged, the actions performed by SMF # 1 and SMF # 2 are interchanged, UPF # 1 and UPF # 2 The actions performed are interchanged.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram 1 of a network switching apparatus 500 (also referred to as a device) provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 500 may be a terminal device (for example, the above terminal device # 1 , Terminal device #A or terminal device #a), may also be a chip or a circuit, such as a chip or a circuit that can be provided in the terminal device.
  • the apparatus 500 may include a processor 510 (ie, an example of a processing unit) and a memory 520.
  • the memory 520 is used to store instructions
  • the processor 510 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 520, so that the apparatus 500 implements the steps performed by the terminal device in the above method (for example, method 200, method 300, or 400).
  • the device 500 may further include an input port 530 (ie, one example of a communication unit) and an output port 540 (ie, another example of a communication unit).
  • the processor 510, the memory 520, the input port 530 and the output port 540 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • the memory 520 is used to store a computer program, and the processor 510 can be used to call and run the calculator program from the memory 520 to control the input port 530 to receive signals and the output port 540 to send signals to complete the terminal device in the above method A step of.
  • the memory 520 may be integrated in the processor 510, or may be provided separately from the processor 510.
  • the input port 530 is a receiver
  • the output port 540 is a transmitter.
  • the receiver and the transmitter may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively referred to as transceivers.
  • the input port 530 is an input interface
  • the output port 540 is an output interface
  • the functions of the input port 530 and the output port 540 may be implemented through a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 510 may be realized by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the control device provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the program codes that implement the functions of the processor 510, the input port 530, and the output port 540 are stored in the memory 520, and the general processor implements the functions of the processor 510, the input port 530, and the output port 540 by executing the codes in the memory 520.
  • each module or unit in the apparatus 500 listed above can be used to perform each action or processing procedure performed by the terminal device in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • all or part of the functions of the device 10 are implemented by the SoC technology, for example, by a terminal device function chip, the terminal
  • the device function chip integrates a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and other devices.
  • Programs for terminal device related functions are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the programs to implement the terminal device related functions.
  • the function chip of the terminal device can also read the memory outside the chip to implement related functions of the terminal device.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram 1 of an apparatus 600 (also referred to as a device) 600 for network switching provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. ), Or a chip or a circuit, such as a chip or a circuit that can be installed in a terminal device.
  • the apparatus 600 may include a processor 610 (ie, an example of a processing unit) and a memory 620.
  • the memory 620 is used to store instructions, and the processor 610 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 620, so that the apparatus 600 implements the steps performed by the interworking device # 1 in the above method (eg, method 200, method 300, or 400).
  • the device 600 may further include an input port 630 (ie, one example of a communication unit) and an output port 640 (ie, another example of a communication unit). Further, the processor 610, the memory 620, the input port 630 and the output port 640 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • an input port 630 ie, one example of a communication unit
  • an output port 640 ie, another example of a communication unit.
  • the processor 610, the memory 620, the input port 630 and the output port 640 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • the memory 620 is used to store computer programs, and the processor 610 can be used to call and run the computer program from the memory 620 to control the input port 630 to receive signals and the output port 640 to send signals to complete the terminal device in the above method A step of.
  • the memory 620 may be integrated in the processor 610, or may be provided separately from the processor 610.
  • the input port 630 is a receiver
  • the output port 640 is a transmitter.
  • the receiver and the transmitter may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively referred to as transceivers.
  • the input port 630 is an input interface
  • the output port 640 is an output interface
  • the functions of the input port 630 and the output port 640 may be implemented through a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 610 may be implemented by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the control device provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the program codes that implement the functions of the processor 610, the input port 630, and the output port 640 are stored in the memory 620, and the general processor implements the functions of the processor 610, the input port 630, and the output port 640 by executing the codes in the memory 620.
  • each module or unit in the device 600 listed above can be used to perform various actions or processing procedures performed by the interworking device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • the interworking device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • all or part of the functions of the device 10 are implemented by SoC technology, for example, by a functional chip of an interworking device, the interworking
  • the device function chip integrates a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and other devices.
  • Programs for related functions of the interworking device are stored in the memory, and the program is executed by the processor to implement related functions of the interworking device.
  • the functional chip of the interworking device can also read the external memory of the chip to implement related functions of the interworking device.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram 1 of a network switching apparatus 700 (also referred to as a device) provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. ), Or a chip or a circuit, such as a chip or a circuit that can be installed in a terminal device.
  • a network switching apparatus 700 also referred to as a device
  • a chip or a circuit such as a chip or a circuit that can be installed in a terminal device.
  • the apparatus 700 may include a processor 710 (ie, an example of a processing unit) and a memory 720.
  • the memory 720 is used to store instructions, and the processor 710 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 720, so that the apparatus 700 implements the steps performed by the forwarding device # 1 in the above method (eg, method 200, method 300, or 400).
  • the device 700 may further include an input port 730 (ie, one example of a communication unit) and an output port 740 (ie, another example of a communication unit). Further, the processor 710, the memory 720, the input port 730 and the output port 740 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • an input port 730 ie, one example of a communication unit
  • an output port 740 ie, another example of a communication unit.
  • the processor 710, the memory 720, the input port 730 and the output port 740 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • the memory 720 is used to store computer programs, and the processor 710 can be used to call and run the computer program from the memory 720 to control the input port 730 to receive signals and the output port 740 to send signals to complete the terminal device in the above method A step of.
  • the memory 720 may be integrated in the processor 710, or may be provided separately from the processor 710.
  • the input port 730 is a receiver
  • the output port 740 is a transmitter.
  • the receiver and the transmitter may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively referred to as transceivers.
  • the input port 730 is an input interface
  • the output port 740 is an output interface
  • the functions of the input port 730 and the output port 740 may be implemented through a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 710 may be realized by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the control device provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the program codes that implement the functions of the processor 710, the input port 730, and the output port 740 are stored in the memory 720, and the general processor implements the functions of the processor 710, the input port 730, and the output port 740 by executing the codes in the memory 720.
  • each module or unit in the apparatus 700 listed above can be used to perform each action or processing process performed by the forwarding device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • the forwarding device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • all or part of the functions of the device 10 are implemented by the SoC technology, for example, by a forwarding device function chip, the forwarding
  • the device function chip integrates a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and other devices. Programs related to the forwarding device are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the programs to implement the related functions of the forwarding device.
  • the forwarding device function chip can also read the external memory of the chip to implement the relevant functions of the forwarding device.
  • FIG. 7 It should be understood that the structure of the device 700 illustrated in FIG. 7 is only one possible form, and should not constitute any limitation to the embodiments of the present application. This application does not exclude the possibility of other forms of forwarding device structures that may appear in the future.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram 1 of a network switching apparatus 800 (also referred to as a device) provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 800 may be an access device (for example, the foregoing access device # 1), it may also be a chip or a circuit, such as a chip or a circuit that can be installed in a terminal device.
  • the device 800 may include a processor 810 (ie, an example of a processing unit) and a memory 820.
  • the memory 820 is used to store instructions
  • the processor 810 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 820, so that the apparatus 800 implements the steps performed by the access device # 1 in the above method (eg, method 200, method 300, or 400) .
  • the device 800 may further include an input port 830 (ie, one example of a communication unit) and an output port 840 (ie, another example of a communication unit). Further, the processor 810, the memory 820, the input port 830, and the output port 840 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • an input port 830 ie, one example of a communication unit
  • an output port 840 ie, another example of a communication unit.
  • the processor 810, the memory 820, the input port 830, and the output port 840 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • the memory 820 is used to store computer programs, and the processor 810 can be used to call and run the computer program from the memory 820 to control the input port 830 to receive signals and the output port 840 to send signals to complete the terminal device in the above method A step of.
  • the memory 820 may be integrated in the processor 810 or may be provided separately from the processor 810.
  • the input port 830 is a receiver
  • the output port 840 is a transmitter.
  • the receiver and the transmitter may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively referred to as transceivers.
  • the input port 830 is an input interface
  • the output port 840 is an output interface
  • the functions of the input port 830 and the output port 840 may be implemented through a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 810 may be realized by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the control device provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the program codes that implement the functions of the processor 810, the input port 830, and the output port 840 are stored in the memory 820, and the general-purpose processor implements the functions of the processor 810, the input port 830, and the output port 840 by executing the codes in the memory 820.
  • each module or unit in the apparatus 800 listed above can be used to perform various actions or processing procedures performed by the access device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • the access device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • all or part of the functions of the device 10 are implemented by the SoC technology, for example, a function chip of the access device, the The access device function chip integrates a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and other devices. Programs related to the access device are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the programs to implement the related functions of the access device.
  • the access device function chip can also read the external memory of the chip to implement related functions of the access device.
  • FIG. 8 It should be understood that the structure of the device 800 illustrated in FIG. 8 is only one possible form, and should not constitute any limitation to the embodiments of the present application. This application does not exclude the possibility of other forms of access device structures that may appear in the future.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram 1 of a network switching apparatus 900 (also referred to as a device) provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the apparatus 900 may be an access management device (for example, the above-mentioned access
  • the management device # 1) may also be a chip or a circuit, such as a chip or a circuit that can be installed in a terminal device.
  • the apparatus 900 may include a processor 910 (ie, an example of a processing unit) and a memory 920.
  • the memory 920 is used to store instructions
  • the processor 910 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 920, so that the apparatus 900 implements the above method (eg, method 200, method 300, or 400) executed by the access management device # 2 step.
  • the device 900 may further include an input port 930 (ie, one example of a communication unit) and an output port 940 (ie, another example of a communication unit). Further, the processor 910, the memory 920, the input port 930, and the output port 940 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • an input port 930 ie, one example of a communication unit
  • an output port 940 ie, another example of a communication unit.
  • the processor 910, the memory 920, the input port 930, and the output port 940 can communicate with each other through an internal connection channel to transfer control and / or data signals.
  • the memory 920 is used to store a computer program, and the processor 910 can be used to call and run the computer program from the memory 920 to control the input port 930 to receive signals and the output port 940 to send signals to complete the terminal device in the above method A step of.
  • the memory 920 may be integrated in the processor 910, or may be provided separately from the processor 910.
  • the input port 930 is a receiver
  • the output port 940 is a transmitter.
  • the receiver and the transmitter may be the same or different physical entities. When they are the same physical entity, they can be collectively referred to as transceivers.
  • the input port 930 is an input interface
  • the output port 940 is an output interface
  • the functions of the input port 930 and the output port 940 may be implemented through a transceiver circuit or a dedicated chip for transceiver.
  • the processor 910 may be implemented by a dedicated processing chip, a processing circuit, a processor, or a general-purpose chip.
  • a general-purpose computer may be considered to implement the control device provided by the embodiments of the present application.
  • the program codes that implement the functions of the processor 910, the input port 930, and the output port 940 are stored in the memory 920, and the general-purpose processor implements the functions of the processor 910, input port 930, and output port 940 by executing the codes in the memory 920.
  • each module or unit in the apparatus 900 listed above can be used to execute each action or processing process performed by the access management device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • the access management device # 1 in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • a detailed description thereof is omitted.
  • SoC system-on-chip
  • all or part of the functions of the device 10 are implemented by the SoC technology, for example, by a function chip of an access management device
  • the access management device function chip integrates devices such as a processor, a memory, and a communication interface. Programs related to the access management device are stored in the memory, and the processor executes the programs to implement the related functions of the access management device.
  • the function chip of the access management device can also read the external memory of the chip to implement related functions of the access management device.
  • FIG. 9 the structure of the device 900 illustrated in FIG. 9 is only one possible form, and should not constitute any limitation to the embodiments of the present application. This application does not exclude the possibility of other forms of access management device structures that may appear in the future.
  • the embodiments of the present application further provide a communication system, which includes the foregoing terminal device, forwarding device, interworking device, access device, and access control device.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 1000 provided by the present application.
  • the above device 500 may be configured in the terminal device 1000, or the device 500 itself may be the terminal device 1000.
  • the terminal device 1000 may perform the actions performed by the terminal device in the above methods 200, 300, or 400.
  • FIG. 10 shows only the main components of the terminal device.
  • the terminal device 1000 includes a processor, a memory, a control circuit, an antenna, and input / output devices.
  • the processor is mainly used to process the communication protocol and communication data, and control the entire terminal device, execute a software program, and process the data of the software program, for example, to support the terminal device to perform the above-mentioned transmission precoding matrix instruction method embodiment Described actions.
  • the memory is mainly used to store software programs and data, for example, the codebook described in the above embodiment.
  • the control circuit is mainly used for the conversion of the baseband signal and the radio frequency signal and the processing of the radio frequency signal.
  • the control circuit and the antenna can also be called a transceiver, which is mainly used to send and receive radio frequency signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.
  • Input and output devices such as touch screens, display screens, and keyboards, are mainly used to receive user input data and output data to the user.
  • the processor can read the software program in the storage unit, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program.
  • the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be sent, and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency circuit.
  • the radio frequency circuit processes the baseband signal after radio frequency processing, and then sends the radio frequency signal to the outside in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna.
  • the radio frequency circuit receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor.
  • the processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.
  • FIG. 10 shows only one memory and processor. In an actual terminal device, there may be multiple processors and memories.
  • the memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device, etc. This embodiment of the present application does not limit this.
  • the processor may include a baseband processor and a central processor.
  • the baseband processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data.
  • the central processor is mainly used to control the entire terminal device, execute software programs, and process software programs. data.
  • the processor in FIG. 10 integrates the functions of the baseband processor and the central processor.
  • the baseband processor and the central processor can also be independent processors, which are interconnected through technologies such as a bus.
  • the terminal device may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, the terminal device may include multiple central processors to enhance its processing capability, and various components of the terminal device may be connected through various buses.
  • the baseband processor may also be expressed as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip.
  • the central processor may also be expressed as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip.
  • the function of processing the communication protocol and communication data may be built in the processor, or may be stored in the storage unit in the form of a software program, and the processor executes the software program to realize the baseband processing function.
  • the antenna and the control circuit with the transceiver function may be regarded as the transceiver unit 1010 of the terminal device 1000, and the processor with the processing function may be regarded as the processing unit 1020 of the terminal device 1000.
  • the terminal device 1010 includes a transceiver unit 1010 and a processing unit 1020.
  • the transceiver unit may also be called a transceiver, a transceiver, a transceiver device, or the like.
  • the device used to implement the receiving function in the transceiver unit 1010 can be regarded as a receiving unit, and the device used to implement the sending function in the transceiver unit 1010 can be regarded as a sending unit, that is, the transceiver unit 1010 includes a receiving unit and a sending unit.
  • the receiving unit may also be referred to as a receiver, receiver, receiving circuit, etc.
  • the transmitting unit may be referred to as a transmitter, transmitter, or transmitting circuit, etc.
  • the processor 1010 is used to execute instructions stored in the memory, so that the terminal device 1010 implements the steps performed by the terminal device in the foregoing method, for example, the steps performed by the terminal device in the above method 200, 300, or 400.
  • the processor 1020 may call a program in the memory to control the unit such as the transceiver unit 1010 to cause the terminal device 1000 to establish a first tunnel with the first interworking device before switching from the first network to the second network ,
  • the communication identifier of the terminal device in the first tunnel is a first identifier
  • the first identifier is an identifier used by the terminal device in the first network
  • the first interworking device is An interface device in the first network facing a network other than the first network; and used to obtain a second identification after switching from the first network to the second network, and control the transceiver unit 1010 to the
  • the first interworking device sends an update request for updating the communication identification to a second identification
  • the second identification is an identification used by the terminal device in the second network.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to send the first message to the access management device of the second network through the second interworking device before the terminal device 1000 switches from the first network to the second network ,
  • the first message is used to request registration for the terminal device in the second network
  • the second interworking device is an interface device in the second network that faces a network other than the second network;
  • the control transceiver unit 1010 receives a response message from the access management device of the second network through the second interworking device, where the response message includes a temporary assignment for the terminal device by the access management device of the second network Identifier; used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to send a second message to the access management device of the second network when the terminal device 1000 switches from the first network to the second network, the second message is used to request The terminal device is registered in the second network, and the second message includes the temporary identifier.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to connect the terminal device 1000 to the first network through the first interworking device before switching from the first network to the second network
  • the entry management device sends a third registration request.
  • the third registration request includes pre-handover indication information, and the pre-handover indication information is used to indicate that the terminal device needs to switch to the second network.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to instruct the terminal device 1000 to forward the first interworking device and the first network before switching from the first network to the second network
  • the device establishes a first channel, and the first channel belongs to the session of the terminal device.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to send a first cache indication to the first interworking device, where the first cache indication is used to instruct the first interworking device to cache the received The first downstream data of a channel.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to send trigger information to the forwarding device of the first network, where the trigger information is used to instruct the forwarding device of the first network to send Describe the downlink data of the terminal device.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to send a reservation instruction, and the reservation instruction is used to request to reserve a second channel, where the second channel is an access device of the first network and the In the channel between the forwarding devices of the network, the first channel and the second channel belong to the same session.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to send a forwarding tunnel establishment request before the terminal device 1000 switches from the first network to the second network, and the forwarding tunnel establishment request is used to request A forwarding tunnel for transmitting downlink data of the terminal device is established between the access device of the first network and the first interworking device.
  • the tunnel establishment request includes a measurement report of the second network.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to send a second cache indication to the first interworking device, where the second cache indication is used to indicate that the first interworking device cache is received through the forwarding tunnel The second downlink data.
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to switch to the second network through the second interworking device before the terminal device 1000 switches from the first network to the second network.
  • the access management device sends a first message that is used to request registration for the terminal device in the second network, and the second interworking device faces the second network in the second network Interface device of a network other than the network; used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to receive a response message from the access management device of the second network through the second interworking device, the response message including the access management device of the second network A temporary identifier assigned to the terminal device;
  • the processor 1020 is used to control the transceiver unit 1010 to manage access to the second network when the terminal device 1000 is switched from the first network to the second network
  • the device sends a second message, the second message is used to request registration for the terminal device in the second network, and the second message includes the temporary identifier.
  • each module or unit in the terminal device 1000 listed above are only exemplary descriptions, and each module or unit in the terminal device 1000 may be used to perform the above method in the terminal device (eg, terminal device #A, terminal device # 1 or terminal device #a)
  • Each action or processing procedure performed, here, in order to avoid redundant description, detailed description is omitted.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), and dedicated integration Circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
  • the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electronically Erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory may be a random access memory (random access memory, RAM), which is used as an external cache.
  • random access memory random access memory
  • static random access memory static random access memory
  • DRAM dynamic random access memory
  • DRAM synchronous dynamic random access Access memory
  • SDRAM double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • double data Srate double data Srate
  • DDR SDRAM enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory
  • ESDRAM synchronous connection dynamic random access memory Take memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) and direct memory bus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM).
  • the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any other combination.
  • the above-described embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of computer program products.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, the processes or functions according to the embodiments of the present application are generated in whole or in part.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be from a website site, computer, server or data center Transmit to another website, computer, server or data center by wired (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more collections of available media.
  • the usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium.
  • the semiconductor medium may be a solid state drive.
  • the device embodiments described above are only schematic.
  • the division of the units is only a division of logical functions.
  • there may be other divisions for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the technical solution of the present application essentially or part of the contribution to the existing technology or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including Several instructions are used to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the foregoing storage media include various media that can store program codes, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

Abstract

本申请提供一种网络切换的方法和装置，该方法，包括：终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，与第一互通设备建立第一隧道，其中，终端设备在第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，第一标识是终端设备在第一网络内使用的标识，第一互通设备是第一网络中面向第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；终端设备在从第一网络切换至第二网络之后，向第一互通设备发送更新请求，更新请求用于请求将通信标识更新为第二标识，第二标识是终端设备在第二网络内使用的标识，从而，当终端设备切换至第二网络之后，只需对终端设备在该隧道中使用的本地标识进行更新，即可实现终端设备通过该隧道进行通信，从而能够缩短网络切换的时长，进而提高业务的连续性。

Description

网络切换的方法和装置
本申请要求于2018年11月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201811341605.1、申请名称为“网络切换的方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，并且，更具体地，涉及网络切换的方法和装置。
背景技术
随着通信技术的发展，已经能够提供多种接入技术的网络，终端设备可以根据需要(例如，根据通信质量)在不同网络之间进行切换。
在现有技术中，终端设备在从源网络切换至目标网络之后，为了在目标网络进行业务访问，需要在目标网络进行注册和通信连接建立，该过程导致网络切换所需时间较长。特别是，如果终端设备在源网络进行了业务访问，并在访问途中进行切换，如果切换时间较长，则可能导致终端设备与外部设备(例如，服务器)的连接断开，从而无法保持业务的连续性。
如何优化网络切换的过程，成为急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供一种网络切换的方法和装置，能够优化网络切换的过程。
第一方面，提供了一种网络切换的方法，包括：终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，与第一互通设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；所述终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之后，获取第二标识，并向所述第一互通设备发送更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时与第一网络的互通设备建立隧道，从而，当终端设备切换至第二网络之后，只需对终端设备在该隧道中使用的本地标识进行更新，即可实现终端设备通过该隧道进行通信，从而能够缩短网络切换的时长，进而优化网络切换的过程。
可选地，所述第一隧道用于所述终端设备的网络切换。
其中，“所述第一隧道用于所述终端设备的网络切换”可以理解为，在所述终端设备从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，所述终端设备不通过所述第一隧道接收下行数据，所述第一互通设备不通过所述第一隧道发送所述终端设备的下行数据；在所述终端设 备从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之后，所述终端设备通过所述第一隧道接收下行数据，所述第一互通设备通过所述第一隧道发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
或者，“所述第一隧道用于所述终端设备的网络切换”可以理解为，终端设备可以通过第一隧道传输网络切换过程的相关指令或心理，例如，进行针对所述第二网络的预注册，或者说，预鉴权时的请求消息或应答消息等。
可选地，该第一网络可以包括公共陆地移动网络PLMN或私有网络NPN中的一方，该第二网络可以包括公共陆地移动网络PLMN或私有网络NPN中的另一方。
可选地，该第一标识包括该终端设备的5G全局唯一的临时终端设备标识5G-GUTI。
或者，所述第一标识包括终端设备在第一网络内获得的IP地址。
其中，“终端设备在第一网络内获得的IP地址”可以理解为，该终端设备在第一网络内通过第一网络的接入网设备与第一网络的转发设备建立会话时获得的IP地址。
或者，终端设备在第一网络内获得的IP地址”可以理解在，该终端设备在第一网络内获得的其他IP地址。
可选地，“所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备”可以理解为：所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中为所述第一网络以外的网络内的终端设备提供通信服务的设备。
可选地，“所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备”可以理解为：所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中为所述第二网络以外的网络内的终端设备提供通信服务的设备。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络为所述终端设备注册，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备；所述终端设备通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识；所述终端设备在从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络为所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
其中，该第一消息可以包括该终端设备的设备标识，该设备标识可以包括以下任一标识：媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)地址、手机号码、国际移动用户识别码(international mobile subscriber identification number，IMSI)、国际移动设备识别码(international mobile equipment identity，IMEI)。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时通过第二网络的互通设备进行针对第二网络的注册过程，能够在终端设备未切换至NPN之前完成在第二网络的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长，进一步优化网络切换的过程。
可选地，所述方法还包括：终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，通过所述第一互通设备向所述第一网络的接入管理设备发送第三注册请求。
可选地，所述第三注册请求包括预切换指示信息，所述预切换指示信息用于指示所述终端设备需要切换至第二网络。
其中，“所述终端设备需要切换至第二网络”可以理解为：所述终端设备后续可能会切换至第二网络，但在发送第三注册请求时尚未进行网络切换。
从而，第一网络的接入管理设备可以根据该预切换指示信息，确定该终端设备尚未完成网络切换，或者说，确定终端设备尚处于第一网络，从而可以不改变针对终端位置相关的策略和控制，例如，位置相关的策略更新，位置相关的业务控制等。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，发送通道建立请求，所述通道建立请求用于请求所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话。
通过在网络切换之间建立为正在进行业务访问的会话建立互通设备与转发设备之间的通道，能够通过互通设备缓存终端设备正在访问的业务的数据，并在切换完成后将该数据发送至终端设备，从而，能够避免数据丢失，进一步优化网络切换的过程。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备向所述第一互通设备发送第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存所接收到的所述第一通道的第一下行数据。
其中，所述“通道”也可以称为会话通道。
并且，第一通道可以是指终端设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的会话中所述第一互通设备与第一网络的转发设备之间的通道。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备向所述第一网络的转发设备发送触发信息，所述触发信息用于指示所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备发送保留指示，所述保留指示用于请求保留第二通道，所述第二通道是所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道属于同一会话。
并且，第二通道可以是指终端设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的会话中所述第一网络的接入设备与第一网络的转发设备之间的通道。
从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，发送转发隧道建立请求，所述转发隧道建立请求用于请求所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一互通设备之间建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道。
通过在网络切换之间建立为正在进行业务访问的会话建立接入设备互通设备之间的转发隧道，能够通过互通设备缓存终端设备正在访问的业务的数据，并在切换完成后将该数据发送至终端设备，从而，能够避免数据丢失，进一步优化网络切换的过程。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述隧道建立请求包括所述第二网络的测量报告。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述终端设备向所述第一互通设备发送第二缓存指示，所 述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据。
第二方面，提供了一种网络切换的方法，包括：第一互通设备与第一网络内的终端设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；所述第一互通设备接收所述终端设备发送的更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识；所述第一互通设备根据所述更新请求，将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时与第一网络的互通设备建立隧道，从而，当终端设备切换至第二网络之后，只需对终端设备在该隧道中使用的本地标识进行更新，即可实现终端设备通过该隧道进行通信，从而能够缩短网络切换的时长，进而提高业务的连续性。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的转发设备建立的第一通道，所述第一通道属于终端设备的会话；所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的第一下行数据；所述第一互通设备在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第一下行数据。
通过在网络切换之间建立为正在进行业务访问的会话建立互通设备与转发设备之间的通道，能够通过互通设备缓存终端设备正在访问的业务的数据，并在切换完成后将该数据发送至终端设备，从而，能够避免数据丢失，进一步优化网络切换的过程。
可选地，所述方法还包括，所述第一互通设备接收第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的下行数据；以及，所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的第一下行数据，包括：所述第一互通设备根据所述第一缓存指示，缓存所述第一下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的接入设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道；所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据；所述第一互通设备在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第二下行数据。
通过在网络切换之间建立为正在进行业务访问的会话建立接入设备互通设备之间的转发隧道，能够通过互通设备缓存终端设备正在访问的业务的数据，并在切换完成后将该数据发送至终端设备，从而，能够避免数据丢失，进一步优化网络切换的过程。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述第一互通设备接收发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的下行数据；以及所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据，包括：所述第一互通设备根据所述第二缓存指示，缓存所述第二下行数据。
第三方面，提供了一种网络切换的方法，包括：第一网络的接入设备与第一互通设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；所述第一网络的接入设备通过所述转发隧道向所述第一互通设备发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，第一网络的接入设备与第一互通设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道包括：所述第一网络的接入设备接收所述终端设备发送的所述第二网络的测量信息；当所述测量信息满足预设的网络切换条件时，所述第一网络的接入设备向所述第一网络的接入控制设备发送第一隧道建立请求。
可选地，所述第一隧道建立请求包括所述第二网络的标识。
可选地，所述第一隧道建立请求包括网络切换指示。
可选地，第一网络的接入设备与第一互通设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道包括：所述第一网络的接入设备通过所述第一网络的转发设备接收所述第一网络的接入控制设备为所述第一网络的转发设备分配的隧道标识，所述隧道标识是所述第一网络的接入控制设备根据所述第一互通设备发送的第二隧道建立指示分配的。
第四方面，提供了一种网络切换的方法，包括：第一网络的转发设备与第一互通设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于终端设备的会话，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道向所述第一互通设备发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述第一网络的转发设备接收触发信息，所述触发信息用于指示所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道发送所述终端设备的下行数据；以及所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道向所述第一互通设备发送所述终端设备的下行数据，包括：所述第一网络的转发设备根据所述触发信息，通过所述第一通道向所述第一互通设备发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
可选地，所述方法还包括：所述第一网络的转发设备接收保留指示，所述保留指示用于请求保留第二通道，所述第二通道是所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道属于同一会话；所述第一网络的转发设备根据所述保留指示，保留所述第二通道。
第五方面，提供了一种网络切换的方法，包括：终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络对所述终端设备注册，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备；所述终端设备通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识；所述终端设备在从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络对所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时通过第二网络的互通设备进行针对第二网络的注册过程，能够在终端设备未切换至NPN之前完成在第二网络的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长。
第六方面，提供了一种网络切换的方法，包括：第二网络的接入管理设备通过第二互通设备从第一网络内的终端设备接收第一消息，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络对所述终端设备注册；所述第二网络的接入管理设备根据所述第一消息，确定所述终端设备的安全参数，并为所述终端设备分配临时标识；第二网络的接入管理设备接收所述终端设备通过所述第二网络的接入设备发送的第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络对所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识；所述第二网络的接入设备根据所述临时标识，使用所述安全参数控制所述终端设备在所述第二网络内的通信。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时通过第二网络的互通设备进行针对第二网络的注册过程，能够在终端设备未切换至NPN之前完成在第二网络的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长。
第七方面，提供了一种网络切换的装置，包括：处理单元，用于在从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，与第一互通设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；收发单元，用于在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之后，向所述第一互通设备发送更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的装置，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时与第一网络的互通设备建立隧道，从而，当终端设备切换至第二网络之后，只需对终端设备在该隧道中使用的本地标识进行更新，即可实现终端设备通过该隧道进行通信，从而能够缩短网络切换的时长，进而提高业务的连续性。
可选地，该第一网络可以包括公共陆地移动网络PLMN或私有网络NPN中的一方，该第二网络可以包括公共陆地移动网络PLMN或私有网络NPN中的另一方。
可选地，该第一标识包括该终端设备的5G全局唯一的临时终端设备标识5G-GUTI。
或者，所述第一标识包括终端设备在第一网络内获得的IP地址。
其中，“终端设备在第一网络内获得的IP地址”可以理解在，该终端设备在第一网络内通过第一网络的接入网设备与第一网络的转发设备建立会话时获得的IP地址。
或者，终端设备在第一网络内获得的IP地址”可以理解在，该终端设备在第一网络内获得的其他IP地址。
可选地，“所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备”可以理解为：所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中为所述第一网络以外的网络内的终端设备提供通信服务的设备。
可选地，“所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备”可以理解为：所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中为所述第二网络以外的网络内的终端设备提供通信服务的设备。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于在从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备，用于通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识，用于在从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
其中，该第一消息可以包括该终端设备的设备标识，该设备标识可以包括以下任一标识：媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)地址、手机号码、国际移动用户识别码(international mobile subscriber identification number，IMSI)、国际移动设备识别码(international mobile equipment identity，IMEI)。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的装置，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时通过第二网络的互通设备进行针对第二网络的注册过程，能够在终端设备未切换至NPN之前完成在第二网络的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，通过所述第一互通设备向所述第一网络的接入管理设备发送第三注册请求。
可选地，所述第三注册请求包括预切换指示信息，所述预切换指示信息用于指示所述终端设备需要切换至第二网络。
从而，第一网络的接入管理设备可以根据该预切换指示信息，确定该终端设备尚未完成网络切换，或者说，确定终端设备尚处于第一网络，从而可以不改变针对终端位置相关的策略和控制，例如，位置相关的策略更新，位置相关的业务控制等。
可选地，所述处理单元还用于在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，指示所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的转发设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话；所述收发单元还用于向所述第一互通设备发送第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存所接收到的所述第一通道的第一下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于向所述第一网络的转发设备发送触发信息，所述触发信息用于指示所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于发送保留指示，所述保留指示用于请求保留第二通道，所述第二通道是所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道属于同一会话。
从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，发送转发隧道建立请求，所述转发隧道建立请求用于请求所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一互通设备之间建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述隧道建立请求包括所述第二网络的测量报告。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于向所述第一互通设备发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据。
其中，该装置中的各单元分别用于执行上述第一方面以及第一方面的各实现方式中的方法的各步骤。
在一种设计中，该装置为通信芯片，通信芯片可以包括用于发送信息或数据的输入电路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。
在另一种设计中，所述装置为终端设备，该设备可以包括用于发送信息或数据的发射机，以及用于接收信息或数据的接收机。
第八方面，提供了一种网络切换的装置，包括：处理单元用于与第一网络内的终端设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述装置是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；收发单元，用于接收所述终端设备发送的更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识；所述处理单元还用于根据所述更新请求，将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的装置，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时与第一网络的互通设备建立隧道，从而，当终端设备切换至第二网络之后，只需对终端设备在该隧道中使用的本地标识进行更新，即可实现终端设备通过该隧道进行通信，从而能够缩短网络切换的时长，进而提高业务的连续性。
可选地，所述处理单元还用于与所述第一网络的转发设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话；所述收发单元还用于接收所述终端设备发送的第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的第一下行数据；所述处理单元还用于根据所述第一缓存指示，缓存所述第一下行数据；所述收发单元还用于在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第一下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述处理单元还用于与所述第一网络的接入设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道，并缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据；所述收发单元还用于在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第二下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于接收发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的下行数据；以及所述处理单元具体用于根据所述第二缓存指示，缓存所述第二下行数据。
其中，该装置中的各单元分别用于执行上述第二方面以及第二方面的各实现方式中的方法的各步骤。
在一种设计中，该装置为通信芯片，通信芯片可以包括用于发送信息或数据的输入电 路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。
在另一种设计中，所述装置为互通设备，该设备可以包括用于发送信息或数据的发射机，以及用于接收信息或数据的接收机。
第九方面，提供了一种网络切换的装置，包括：处理单元，用于与第一互通设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；收发单元，用于通过所述转发隧道向所述第一互通设备发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
其中，该装置中的各单元分别用于执行上述第三方面以及第三方面的各实现方式中的方法的各步骤。
在一种设计中，该装置为通信芯片，通信芯片可以包括用于发送信息或数据的输入电路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。
在另一种设计中，所述装置为转发设备，该设备可以包括用于发送信息或数据的发射机，以及用于接收信息或数据的接收机。
第十方面，提供了一种网络切换的装置，包括：处理单元，用于与第一互通设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；收发单元，用于通过所述第一通道向所述第一互通设备发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
从而，能够避免该第一下行数据因终端设备的切换而丢失，从而能够进一步确保业务的连续性。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于接收触发信息，所述触发信息用于指示所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道发送所述终端设备的下行数据，并根据所述触发信息，通过所述第一通道向所述第一互通设备发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
可选地，所述收发单元还用于接收保留指示，所述保留指示用于请求保留第二通道，所述第二通道是所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道属于同一会话；所述处理单元还用于根据所述保留指示，保留所述第二通道。
其中，该装置中的各单元分别用于执行上述第四方面以及第四方面的各实现方式中的方法的各步骤。
在一种设计中，该装置为通信芯片，通信芯片可以包括用于发送信息或数据的输入电路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。
在另一种设计中，所述装置为转发设备，该设备可以包括用于发送信息或数据的发射机，以及用于接收信息或数据的接收机。
第十一方面，提供了一种网络切换的装置，包括：收发单元，用于在从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备，用于通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识，用于在从第一网络切换至第二网络 时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的装置，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时通过第二网络的互通设备进行针对第二网络的注册过程，能够在终端设备未切换至NPN之前完成在第二网络的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长。
其中，该装置中的各单元分别用于执行上述第五方面以及第五方面的各实现方式中的方法的各步骤。
在一种设计中，该装置为通信芯片，通信芯片可以包括用于发送信息或数据的输入电路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。
在另一种设计中，所述装置为终端设备，该设备可以包括用于发送信息或数据的发射机，以及用于接收信息或数据的接收机。
第十二方面，提供了一种网络切换的装置，包括：收发单元，用于通过第二互通设备从第一网络内的终端设备接收第一消息，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备；处理单元，用于根据所述第一消息，确定所述终端设备的安全参数，并为所述终端设备分配临时标识；所述收发单元还用于接收所述终端设备通过所述第二网络的接入设备发送的第二消息，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识；所述处理单元还用于根据所述临时标识，使用所述安全参数控制所述终端设备在所述第二网络内的通信。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的装置，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时通过第二网络的互通设备进行针对第二网络的注册过程，能够在终端设备未切换至NPN之前完成在第二网络的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长。
其中，该装置中的各单元分别用于执行上述第六方面以及第六方面的各实现方式中的方法的各步骤。
在一种设计中，该装置为通信芯片，通信芯片可以包括用于发送信息或数据的输入电路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。
在另一种设计中，所述装置为接入管理设备，该设备可以包括用于发送信息或数据的发射机，以及用于接收信息或数据的接收机。
第十三方面，提供了一种终端设备，包括，处理器，存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该通信设备执行第一方面及其各种可能实现方式中的方法。
可选地，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
可选地，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
可选的，该转发设备还包括，发射机(发射器)和接收机(接收器)。
第十四方面，提供了一种互通设备，包括，处理器，存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该通信设备执行第二方面及其各种实现方式中的通信方法。
可选地，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
可选地，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
可选地，该互通设备还包括，发射机(发射器)和接收机(接收器)。
第十五方面，提供了一种接入设备，包括，处理器，存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该通信设备执行第三方面及其各种实现方式中的通信方法。
可选地，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
可选地，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
可选地，该接入设备还包括，发射机(发射器)和接收机(接收器)。
第十六方面，提供了一种转发设备，包括，处理器，存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该通信设备执行第四方面及其各种实现方式中的通信方法。
可选地，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
可选地，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
可选地，该转发设备还包括，发射机(发射器)和接收机(接收器)。
第十七方面，提供了一种终端设备，包括，处理器，存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该通信设备执行第五方面及其各种实现方式中的通信方法。
可选地，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
可选地，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
可选地，该终端设备还包括，发射机(发射器)和接收机(接收器)。
第十八方面，提供了一种接入管理设备，包括，处理器，存储器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得该通信设备执行第六方面及其各种实现方式中的通信方法。
可选地，所述处理器为一个或多个，所述存储器为一个或多个。
可选地，所述存储器可以与所述处理器集成在一起，或者所述存储器与处理器分离设置。
可选地，该接入管理设备还包括，发射机(发射器)和接收机(接收器)。
第十九方面，提供了一种通信系统，上述终端设备、互通设备、接入管理设备、接入设备和转发设备中的至少一种设备。
在一个可能的设计中，该通信系统还可以包括本申请实施例提供的方案中与上述任一一种设备进行交互的其他设备。
第二十方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，所述计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当所述计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面至第六方面中的任一个方面及其可能实现方式中的方法。
第二十一方面，提供了一种计算机可读介质，所述计算机可读介质存储有计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面至第六方面中的任一个方面及其可能实现方式中的方法。
第二十二方面，提供了一种芯片系统，包括存储器和处理器，该存储器用于存储计算机程序，该处理器用于从存储器中调用并运行该计算机程序，使得安装有该芯片系统的通信设备执行上述第一方面至第六方面中的任一个方面及其可能实现方式中的方法。
其中，该芯片系统可以包括用于发送信息或数据的输入电路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时与第一网络的互通设备建立隧道，从而，当终端设备切换至第二网络之后，只需对终端设备在该隧道中使用的本地标识进行更新，即可实现终端设备通过该隧道进行通信；或者，通过使终端设备在第一网络内时通过第二网络的互通设备进行针对第二网络的注册过程，能够在终端设备未切换至NPN之前完成在第二网络的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长；从而能够缩短网络切换的时长，进而提高业务的连续性。
附图说明
图1是本申请的通信系统的一例的示意性结构图。
图2是本申请的网络切换的方法的一例的示意性交互图。
图3是本申请的网络切换的方法的另一例的示意性交互图。
图4是本申请的网络切换的方法的再一例的示意性交互图。
图5是本申请的网络切换的装置的一例的示意性结构图。
图6是本申请的网络切换的装置的另一例的示意性结构图。
图7是本申请的网络切换的装置的再一例的示意性结构图。
图8是本申请的网络切换的装置的再一例的示意性结构图。
图9是本申请的网络切换的装置的再一例的示意性结构图。
图10是本申请的终端设备的示意性结构图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。
在本申请中使用的术语“部件”、“模块”、“系统”等用于表示计算机相关的实体、硬件、固件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，部件可以是但不限于，在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序和/或计算机。通过图示，在计算设备上运行的应用和计算设备都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可驻留在进程和/或执行线程中，部件可位于一个计算机上和/或分布在2个或更多个计算机之间。此外，这些部件可从在上面存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。部件可例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统和/或网络间的另一部件交互的二个部件的数据，例如通过信号与其它系统交互的互联网)的信号通过本地和/或远程进程来通信。
本申请实施例的技术方案可以应用于各种通信系统，例如：全球移动通讯(Global System of Mobile communication，GSM)系统、码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access，CDMA)系统、宽带码分多址(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access，WCDMA)系统、通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service，GPRS)、长期演进(Long Term Evolution， LTE)系统、LTE频分双工(Frequency Division Duplex，FDD)系统、LTE时分双工(Time Division Duplex，TDD)、通用移动通信系统(Universal Mobile Telecommunication System，UMTS)、全球互联微波接入(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access，WiMAX)通信系统、未来的第五代(5th Generation，5G)系统或新无线(New Radio，NR)等。
通常来说，传统的通信系统支持的连接数有限，也易于实现，然而，随着通信技术的发展，移动通信系统将不仅支持传统的通信，还将支持例如，设备到设备(Device to Device，D2D)通信，机器到机器(Machine to Machine，M2M)通信，机器类型通信(Machine Type Communication，MTC)，车联网(Vehicle To Everything，V2X)通信，例如，车到车(Vehicle to Vehicle，V2V)通信、车到基础设施(Vehicle to Infrastructure，V2I)通信，车到行人(Vehicle to Pedestrian，V2P)通信，车道网络(Vehicle to Network，V2N)通信。
图1是应用于本申请实施例的网络架构，该网络架构中可能涉及的各个网元分别进行说明。
本申请的通信系统可以包括至少两种网络。例如，公共陆地移动网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)和私有网络(non-public network，NPN)。
其中，该PLMN可以包括以下网元。
1、终端设备110：可以包括各种具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备，以及各种形式的终端，移动台(mobile station，MS)，终端(terminal)，用户设备(user equipment，UE)，软终端等等。例如，水表、电表、传感器等。
2、(无线)接入网络(radio access network，(R)AN)网元120：用于为特定区域的授权终端设备提供入网功能，并能够根据终端设备的级别，业务的需求等使用不同质量的传输隧道。
(R)AN网元能够管理无线资源，为终端设备提供接入服务，进而完成控制信号和终端设备数据在终端设备和核心网之间的转发，(R)AN网元也可以理解为传统网络中的基站。
需要说明的是，上述“网元”也可以称为实体、设备、装置或模块等，本申请并未特别限定。并且，在本申请中，为了便于理解和说明，在对部分描述中省略“网元”这一描述，例如，将(R)AN网元简称RAN，此情况下，该“(R)AN网元”应理解为(R)AN网元网元或(R)AN实体，以下，省略对相同或相似情况的说明。
3、转发网元130：用于分组路由和转发以及用户面数据的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)处理等。
在5G通信系统中，该用户面网元可以是用户面功能(user plane function，UPF)网元。在未来通信系统中，用户面网元仍可以是UPF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
4、数据网络网元：用于提供传输数据的网络。
在5G通信系统中，该数据网络网元可以是数据网络(data network，DN)网元。在未来通信系统中，数据网络网元仍可以是DN网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
5、接入管理网元140：主要用于移动性管理和接入管理等，可以用于实现移动性管 理实体(mobility management entity，MME)功能中除会话管理之外的其它功能，例如，合法监听以及接入授权/鉴权等功能。
在5G通信系统中，该接入管理网元可以是接入管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，接入管理网元仍可以是AMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
6、会话管理网元150：主要用于会话管理、终端设备的网络互连协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配和管理、选择可管理用户平面功能、策略控制和收费功能接口的终结点以及下行数据通知等。
在5G通信系统中，该会话管理网元可以是会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，会话管理网元仍可以是SMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
7、策略控制网元：用于指导网络行为的统一策略框架，为控制面功能网元(例如AMF，SMF网元等)提供策略规则信息等。
在4G通信系统中，该策略控制网元可以是策略和计费规则功能(policy and charging rules function，PCRF)网元。在5G通信系统中，该策略控制网元可以是策略控制功能(policy control function，PCF)网元。在未来通信系统中，策略控制网元仍可以是PCF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
8、绑定支持网元：用于查找会话所关联的PCF。
在5G通信系统中，该绑定支持网元可以是绑定支持功能(binding support function，BSF)网元。在未来通信系统中，绑定支持网元仍可以是BSF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
9、认证服务器：用于鉴权服务、产生密钥实现对终端设备的双向鉴权，支持统一的鉴权框架。
在5G通信系统中，该认证服务器可以是认证服务器功能(authentication server function，AUSF)网元。在未来通信系统中，认证服务器功能网元仍可以是AUSF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
10、数据管理网元：用于处理终端设备标识，接入鉴权，注册以及移动性管理等。
在5G通信系统中，该数据管理网元可以是统一数据管理(unified data management，UDM)网元。在未来通信系统中，统一数据管理仍可以是UDM网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
11、应用网元：用于进行应用影响的数据路由，接入网络开放功能网元，与策略框架交互进行策略控制等。
在5G通信系统中，该应用网元可以是应用功能(application function，AF)网元。在未来通信系统中，应用网元仍可以是AF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
12、网络存储网元：用于维护网络中所有网络功能服务的实时信息。
在5G通信系统中，该网络存储网元可以是网络注册功能(network repository function，NRF)网元。在未来通信系统中，网络存储网元仍可以是NRF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
13、互通网元160：用于负责PLMN以外的网络内的终端设备通过PLMN访问业务，或者说，该互通网元可以是PLMN中面相其他网络的接口网元。
在5G通信系统中，互通网元也可以为非3GPP互通功能(Non-3GPP interworking function，N3IWF)网元。
其中，该NPN可以包括以下网元。
14、终端设备115：可以包括各种具有无线通信功能的手持设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备，以及各种形式的终端，移动台(mobile station，MS)，终端(terminal)，用户设备(user equipment，UE)，软终端等等。例如，水表、电表、传感器等。
15、NPN(无线)接入网络(NPN radio access network，NPN-(R)AN)网元125：用于为特定区域的授权终端设备提供入网功能，并能够根据终端设备的级别，业务的需求等使用不同质量的传输隧道。
NPN-(R)AN网元能够管理无线资源，为终端设备提供接入服务，进而完成控制信号和终端设备数据在终端设备和NPN的核心网之间的转发，NPN-(R)AN网元也可以理解为NPN中的基站或接入点。
16、转发网元135：用于分组路由和转发以及用户面数据的服务质量(quality of service，QoS)处理等。
在NPN中，该用户面网元可以是NPN用户面功能(NPN user plane function，NPN-PF)网元。在未来通信系统中，用户面网元仍可以是UPF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
17、NPN数据网络网元：用于提供传输数据的网络。
在NPN中，该数据网络网元可以是NPN数据网络(NPN data network，NPN-DN)网元。在未来通信系统中，数据网络网元仍可以是DN网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
18、NPN接入管理网元145：主要用于移动性管理和接入管理等，可以用于实现移动性管理实体(NPN mobility management entity，NPN-MME)功能中除会话管理之外的其它功能，例如，合法监听以及接入授权/鉴权等功能。
在NPN中，该接入管理网元可以是NPN接入管理功能(NPN access and mobility management function，NPN-AMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，接入管理网元仍可以是AMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
19、NPN会话管理网元155：主要用于会话管理、终端设备的网络互连协议(internet protocol，IP)地址分配和管理、选择可管理用户平面功能、策略控制和收费功能接口的终结点以及下行数据通知等。
在NPN中，该会话管理网元可以是NPN会话管理功能(NPN session management function，NPN-SMF)网元。在未来通信系统中，会话管理网元仍可以是SMF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
20、NPN策略控制网元：用于指导网络行为的统一策略框架，为控制面功能网元(例如NPN-AMF，NPN-SMF网元等)提供策略规则信息等。
在NPN中，该策略控制网元可以是NPN策略和计费规则功能(NPN policy and charging  rules function，NPN-PCRF)网元。或者，该策略控制网元可以是策略控制功能(NPN policy control function，NPN-PCF)网元。在未来通信系统中，策略控制网元仍可以是PCF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
21、NPN绑定支持网元：用于查找会话所关联的PCF。
在NPN中，该绑定支持网元可以是NPN绑定支持功能(NPN binding support function，NPN-BSF)网元。在未来通信系统中，绑定支持网元仍可以是BSF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
22、NPN认证服务器：用于鉴权服务、产生密钥实现对终端设备的双向鉴权，支持统一的鉴权框架。
在NPN中，该认证服务器可以是NPN认证服务器功能(NPN authentication server function，NPN-AUSF)网元。在未来通信系统中，认证服务器功能网元仍可以是AUSF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
23、NPN数据管理网元：用于处理终端设备标识，接入鉴权，注册以及移动性管理等。
在NPN中，该数据管理网元可以是NPN统一数据管理(NPN unified data management，NPN-DM)网元。在未来通信系统中，统一数据管理仍可以是UDM网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
24、NPN应用网元：用于进行应用影响的数据路由，接入网络开放功能网元，与策略框架交互进行策略控制等。
在NPN中，该应用网元可以是NPN应用功能(NPN application function，NPN-AF)网元。在未来通信系统中，应用网元仍可以是AF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
25、NPN网络存储网元：用于维护网络中所有网络功能服务的实时信息。
在NPN中，该网络存储网元可以是NPN网络注册功能(NPN network repository function，NPN-NRF)网元。在未来通信系统中，网络存储网元仍可以是NRF网元，或者，还可以有其它的名称，本申请不做限定。
26、NPN互通网元165：用于负责NPN以外的网络内的终端设备通过NPN访问业务，或者说，该互通网元可以是NPN中面相其他网络的接口网元。
在NPN中，互通网元也可以为NPN非3GPP互通功能(NPN Non-3GPP interworking function，NPN-N3IWF)网元。
其中，转发网元130与NPN互通网元165之间具有通信链路，例如通信隧道或IP路由链路，NPN转发网元135与互通网元160之间具有通信链路，例如通信隧道或IP路由链路。
即，在通信系统100中，终端设备110可以通过RAN120和转发网元130，实现通过PLMN访问业务。
并且，终端设备110可以通过RAN120、转发网元130、NPN互通网元165和NPN转发网元135，实现通过NPN访问业务。
另外，在通信系统100中，终端设备115可以通过NPN RAN125和NPN转发网元135，实现通过NPN访问业务。
并且，终端设备115可以通过NPN RAN125、NPN转发网元135、互通网元160和转发网元130，实现通过PLMN访问业务。
需要说明的是，上述“网元”也可以称为实体、设备、装置或模块等，本申请并未特别限定。并且，在本申请中，为了便于理解和说明，在对部分描述中省略“网元”这一描述，例如，将AMF网元简称AMF，此情况下，该“AMF”应理解为AMF网元或AMF实体，以下，省略对相同或相似情况的说明。
可以理解的是，上述网元或者功能既可以是硬件设备中的网络元件，也可以是在专用硬件上运行软件功能，或者是平台(例如，云平台)上实例化的虚拟化功能。
应理解，上述应用于本申请实施例的网络架构仅是举例说明的从服务化架构的角度描述的网络架构，适用本申请实施例的网络架构并不局限于此，任何能够实现上述各个网元的功能的网络架构都适用于本申请实施例。
例如，在某些网络架构中，AMF、SMF、PCF以及UDM等网络功能实体都称为网络功能(Network Function，NF)网元；或者，在另一些网络架构中，AMF、SMF、PC、GMF及UDM等网元的集合都可以称为控制面功能(Control Plane Function，CPF)网元。
本申请实施例结合终端设备描述了各个实施例，其中，终端设备也可以称为用户设备(User Equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。终端设备可以是WLAN中的站点(STAION，ST)，可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)设备、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、车联网终端、电脑、膝上型计算机、手持式通信设备、手持式计算设备、卫星无线设备、无线调制解调器卡、电视机顶盒(set top box，STB)、用户驻地设备(customer premise equipment，CPE)和/或用于在无线系统上进行通信的其它设备以及下一代通信系统，例如，5G网络中的终端设备或者未来演进的PLMN网络中的终端设备等。
作为示例而非限定，在本申请实施例中，该终端设备还可以是可穿戴设备。可穿戴设备也可以称为穿戴式智能设备，是应用穿戴式技术对日常穿戴进行智能化设计、开发出可以穿戴的设备的总称，如眼镜、手套、手表、服饰及鞋等。可穿戴设备即直接穿在身上，或是整合到用户的衣服或配件的一种便携式设备。可穿戴设备不仅仅是一种硬件设备，更是通过软件支持以及数据交互、云端交互来实现强大的功能。广义穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或者部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等。
此外，在本申请实施例中，终端设备还可以是物联网(Internet of Things，IoT)系统中的终端设备，IoT是未来信息技术发展的重要组成部分，其主要技术特点是将物品通过通信技术与网络连接，从而实现人机互连，物物互连的智能化网络。
在本申请中，每个接入网设备可包括一个或多个天线。另外，接入网设备可附加地包括发射机链和接收机链，本领域普通技术人员可以理解，它们均可包括与信号发送和接收相关的多个部件(例如处理器、调制器、复用器、解调器、解复用器或天线等)。
每个接入网设备可以与多个终端设备通信。
终端设备可以是例如蜂窝电话、智能电话、便携式电脑、手持通信设备、手持计算设备、卫星无线电装置、全球定位系统、PDA和/或用于在无线通信系统上通信的任意其它适合设备。
其中，接入网设备可以通过前向链路(也称为下行链路)向终端设备发送数据或信息，并通过反向链路(也称为上行链路)从终端设备接收数据或信息。
例如，在频分双工(Frequency Division Duplex，FDD)系统中，例如，前向链路可与反向链路使用不同的频带。
再例如，在时分双工(Time Division Duplex，TDD)系统和全双工(Full Duplex)系统中，前向链路和反向链路可使用相同频带。
被设计用于通信的每个天线(或者由多个天线组成的天线组)和/或区域称为接入网设备的扇区。
例如，可将天线组设计为与接入网设备覆盖区域的扇区中的终端设备通信。接入网设备可以通过单个天线或多天线发射分集向其对应的扇区内所有的终端设备发送信号。
在接入网设备通过前向链路与终端设备进行通信的过程中，接入网设备的发射天线也可利用波束成形来改善前向链路的信噪比。
此外，与接入网设备通过单个天线或多天线发射分集向它所有的终端设备发送信号的方式相比，在接入网设备利用波束成形向相关覆盖区域中随机分散的终端设备发送信号时，相邻小区中的移动设备会受到较少的干扰。
在给定时间，接入网设备或终端设备可以是无线通信发送装置和/或无线通信接收装置。当发送数据时，无线通信发送装置可对数据进行编码以用于传输。具体地，无线通信发送装置可获取(例如生成、从其它通信装置接收、或在存储器中保存等)要通过信道发送至无线通信接收装置的一定数目的数据比特。这种数据比特可包含在数据的传输块(或多个传输块)中，传输块可被分段以产生多个码块。
此外，该通信系统100还可以包括D2D网络、M2M网络、IoT网络、V2X网络或者其他网络，图1只是举例的简化示意图，网络中还可以包括其他接入网设备，或者其他移动网络的网元图1中未予以画出。
在本申请实施例中，终端设备或转发设备包括硬件层、运行在硬件层之上的操作系统层，以及运行在操作系统层上的应用层。该硬件层包括中央处理器(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、内存管理单元(Memory Management Unit，MMU)和内存(也称为主存)等硬件。该操作系统可以是任意一种或多种通过进程(process)实现业务处理的计算机操作系统，例如，Linux操作系统、Unix操作系统、Android操作系统、iOS操作系统或windows操作系统等。该应用层包含浏览器、通讯录、文字处理软件、即时通信软件等应用。并且，本申请实施例并未对本申请实施例提供的方法的执行主体的具体结构特别限定，只要能够通过运行记录有本申请实施例的提供的方法的代码的程序，以根据本申请实施例提供的方法进行通信即可，例如，本申请实施例提供的方法的执行主体可以是终端设备或网络设备，或者，是终端设备或网络设备中能够调用程序并执行程序的功能模块。
此外，本申请实施例的各个方面或特征可以实现成方法、装置或使用标准编程和/或工程技术的制品。本申请中使用的术语“制品”涵盖可从任何计算机可读器件、载体或介质 访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读介质可以包括，但不限于：磁存储器件(例如，硬盘、软盘或磁带等)，光盘(例如，压缩盘(Compact Disc，CD)、数字通用盘(Digital Versatile Disc，DVD)等)，智能卡和闪存器件(例如，可擦写可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EPROM)、卡、棒或钥匙驱动器等)。另外，本文描述的各种存储介质可代表用于存储信息的一个或多个设备和/或其它机器可读介质。术语“机器可读介质”可包括但不限于，无线信道和能够存储、包含和/或承载指令和/或数据的各种其它介质。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，在应用层可以运行多个应用程序，此情况下，执行本申请实施例的方法的应用程序与用于控制接收端设备完成所接收到的数据所对应的动作的应用程序可以是不同的应用程序。
本申请提供的方案可以适用于终端设备在两个网络之间的切换过程。例如，本申请提供的方案可以适用于UE从PLMN切换至私有网络(non-public network，NPN)，或者，本申请提供的方案可以适用于UE从NPN切换至PLMN。
下面，结合图2和图3，以UE(即，终端设备的一例)从PLMN(即，第一网络的一例)切换至NPN(即，第二网络的一例)时的过程为例对本申请提供的网络切换的方法进行说明。
即，在图2和图3所示处理过程中，UE可以在PLMN中进行业务访问。
具体地说，UE可以接入PLMN的无线接入网(radio access network，RAN)，记做，RAN#1。
或者说，UE可以接入RAN#1的接入网设备，例如，基站。
并且，UE可以通过RAN#1在PLMN中进行注册。
其中，上述过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
在本申请中，UE可以通过RAN#1访问以下至少一种业务。
A：PLMN业务，其中，该PLMN业务可以是指通过PLMN的转发设备(例如，UPF，记做，UPF#1)传输的业务。
具体地说，在PLMN业务的上行传输过程中，UE通过该RAN#1将上行的PLMN业务数据发送至UPF#1，UPF#1可以将该数据发送至互联网侧设备(例如，PLMN业务的服务器或者该上行的PLMN业务数据的接收端设备)。在PLMN业务的下行传输过程中，UPF#1将来自外部设备的下行的PLMN业务数据发送至RAN#1，RAN#1可以将该数据发送给UE。
B：NPN业务，其中，该NPN业务可以是指通过NPN的转发设备(例如，UPF，记做，UPF#2)传输的业务。
具体地说，在PLMN业务的上行传输过程中，UE#1通过该RAN#1将上行的NPN业务数据发送给PLMN的转发设备(例如，UPF)，PLMN的UPF可以将该上行的NPN业务数据发送给NPN的互通设备(例如，NPN-N3IWF)，NPN-N3IWF可以将该数据发送给NPN的转发设备(例如，NPN-UPF)，NPN-UPF可以将该数据发送至外部设备(例如，NPN业务的服务器或者该上行的NPN业务数据的接收端设备)。在NPN业务的下行传输过程中，NPN-UPF将来自外部设备的下行的NPN业务数据发送至NPN-N3IWF，NPN-N3IWF可以将该数据发送给UPF，UPF可以将该数据发送给RAN#1，RAN#1可以 将该数据发送给UE。
首先，结合图2，对UE#1在PLMN中访问PLMN业务时的网络切换的方法200的过程进行说明。
如图2所示，可选地，在S210，UE#1通过PLMN的接入设备(例如，RAN，记做RAN#1)与PLMN的转发设备(例如，UPF，记做UPF#1)建立会话(记做，会话#1)，作为示例而非限定，该会话#1可以包括协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话。其中，该会话建立的过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。例如，在该会话建立的过程中，PLMN的会话管理设备(例如，SMF，记做SMF#1)可以为UE#1分配通信标识(记做，通信标识#1)，例如，该通信标识#1可以包括网际协议(internet protocol，IP)地址或IP端口等。UE#1可以使用该通信标识#1作为其在该会话#1中使用的本地标识。
其中，“S210，UE#1通过RAN#1与UPF#1建立会话”可以理解为：UE#1与UPF#1通过该会话#1传输的数据需要经由RAN#1的转发。
即，该会话#1可以包括通道#1，该通道#1可以是RAN#1与UPF#1之间的通道。
从而，UE#1可以通过该会话#1接收或发送PLMN业务的数据。
需要说明的是，该UE#1也可以仅驻留在PLMN，并未通过该PLMN进行业务访问，此情况下，也可以不执行上述S210。
在S220，当UE#1确定需要从PLMN切换至NPN(具体地说，是从RAN#1切换至NPN的接入网)时，或者说，在UE#1从PLMN需要切换至NPN之前，UE#1可以与PLMN的互通设备(记做，互通设备#1)建立通信隧道(记做，隧道#1)，作为示例而非限定，该隧道#1可以包括IP安全性(internet protocol security，IPSec)隧道。
设UE#1在该隧道#1中使用的通信标识(例如，IP地址)为通信标识#X。
则例如，通信标识#X可以是上述通信标识#1。
再例如，UE#1也可以与UPF#1或另一个UPF(记做，UPF#1a)另建立一个会话(例如，PDU会话，记做，会话#2)，设UE#1在该会话#2中使用的本地标识为通信标识#2，则通信标识#X可以是上述通信标识#2。
在本申请中，基于通信标识进行隧道建立的过程可以与现有技术相似，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
可选地，在该隧道#1的建立过程可以在UE#1通过互通设备#1在PLMN中的注册过程中进行，例如，互通设备#1可以通过上述注册过程获取隧道#1的密钥。
a，UE#1可以向互通设备#1发送注册请求#1，该在该注册请求#1中可以携带该UE#1的标识，例如，5G全局唯一的临时UE标识(5G Globally Unique Temporary UE Identity，5G-GUTI)；
在本申请中，在互通设备#1和AMF#1之间可以包括多个通信连接，多个通信连接和多个UE标识可以具有一一对应关系，从而，互通设备#1可以确定与UE#1的标识相对应的通信连接(记做，通信连接#1)。
b，互通设备#1可以通过该通信连接#1的N2消息#1发送注册请求#1。
c，AMF#1可以根据该注册请求#1，确定需要对UE#1进行注册，并进行注册处理。
可选地，该注册请求#1中也可以承载该UE#1的标识。
可选地，在该注册请求#1中可以携带预注册标识，该预注册标识可以用于指示UE需要进行网络切换但尚未切换至目的网络，或者，该预注册标识可以用于指示UE需要进行网络切换但仍处于源网络。
可选地，在该注册请求#1和/或N2消息#1中可以携带目标网络信息(例如，NPN的标识)，互通设备#1可以从UE发送的隧道#1的建立请求消息中获得目标网络信息后填在N2消息#1中，从而，AMF#1可以根据该目标网络信息，确定UE需要切换至的网络。
例如，AMF#1可以根据该NPN的标识，确定该UE#1需要从PLMN切换至NPN，从而，可以按照UE从NPN接入PLMN的处理流程对UE#1进行注册(例如，鉴权)。
或者，AMF#1可以根据该预注册标识，确定该UE#1处于PLMN内，从而，可以按照UE从PLMN的RAN接入PLMN的处理流程对UE#1进行注册(例如，鉴权)。
再或者，在本申请中，不同接入技术下的注册处理流程可以相同，即，对于同一个UE从不同接入技术接入的情况，只生成一个注册和接入上下文，不需要区分接入技术。
再或者，AMF#1可以根据该预注册标识，对UE#1是否可以从NPN接入PLMN进行授权，该授权可以根据UE#1的签约或者本地策略进行。
d，在注册完成后，AMF#1可以向互通设备#1发送注册完成指示，并且，在该注册完成指示中可以携带互通密钥。
e，互通设备#1在接收到注册完成指示之后，可以直接使用该互通密钥或根据该互通密钥推衍隧道#1的密钥，并向UE#1转发该注册完成指示。
在S225，当UE#1从PLMN切换至NPN之后，可以与NPN的转发设备(例如，UPF，记做UPF#2)建立会话(记做，会话#3)，作为示例而非限定，该会话#3可以包括协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话。其中，该会话建立的过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。例如，在该会话建立的过程中，NPN的接入管理设备(例如，AMF，记做AMF#2)可以为UE#1分配通信标识(记做，通信标识#3)，例如，该通信标识#3可以包括IP地址或IP端口等。
在S227，UE#1可以向互通设备#1发送更新请求，该更新请求中可以携带通信标识#3，并且，该更新请求可以用于指示互通设备#1将隧道#1中该UE#1使用的本地标识更新为该通信标识#3。
在S229，互通设备#1可以根据该更新请求，将隧道#1中该UE#1使用的本地标识更新为该通信标识#3。
从而，UE#1可以在NPN中，以通讯标识#3作为本地标识，通过该隧道#1，经由互通设备#1进行业务访问。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使UE#1在PLMN内时与互通设备#1建立隧道#1，从而，当UE#1切换至NPN之后，只需对UE#1在该隧道#1中使用的本地标识进行更新，即可通过该隧道#1进行通信，从而能够减少网络切换之后因隧道建立而产生的切换处理时长。
UE#1可以使用该通信标识#1作为其在该会话#1中使用的本地标识。
可选地，在S230，当UE#1确定需要从PLMN切换至NPN(具体地说，是从RAN#1切换至NPN的接入网)时，或者说，在UE#1从PLMN需要切换至NPN之前，UE#1可以与NPN的互通设备(记做，互通设备#2)建立通信隧道(记做，隧道#2)，作为示例 而非限定，该隧道#2可以包括IPSec隧道。
其中，该隧道#2的建立过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
其后，UE#1可以通过该隧道#2，经由互通设备#2在NPN中进行注册。该注册过程可以包括以下步骤：
f，UE#1可以通过隧道#2向互通设备#2发送注册请求#3，该在该注册请求#3中可以携带该UE#1的标识，例如，媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)地址、手机号码、国际移动用户识别码(international mobile subscriber identification number，IMSI)、国际移动设备识别码(international mobile equipment identity，IMEI)。
在本申请中，在互通设备#2和NPN的接入管理设备(例如，AMF，记做AMF#2)之间可以包括多个通信连接，多个通信连接和多个UE标识可以具有一一对应关系，从而，互通设备#2可以确定与UE#1的标识相对应的通信连接(记做，通信连接#2)。
g，互通设备#2可以通过该通信连接#2的N2消息#2，发送注册请求#3。
h，AMF#2根据该注册请求#3，确定需要对UE#1进行注册，并进行注册处理。例如，AMF#2可以确定该UE#1在NPN中使用的安全信息(记做，安全信息#1)，并且，AMF#2可以为UE#1分配临时标识(记做，临时标识#1)。
并且，AMF#2可以记录注册信息，该注册信息可以用于指示临时标识#1与安全信息#1的对应关系。
可选地，在该注册请求#3和N2消息#2中可以携带源网络信息(例如，PLMN的标识或PLMN的位置信息等)，从而，AMF#2可以根据该源网络信息，确定UE当前所在的网络。例如，AMF#2可以根据该PLMN的标识，确定该UE#1当前在PLMN范围内，从而，可以按照UE从PLMN接入NPN的处理流程对UE#1进行注册(例如，鉴权)。
在S235，当UE#1从PLMN切换至NPN之后，可以通过NPN的接入设备(例如，RAN，记做RAN#2)向AMF#2发送注册请求#5，该注册请求#5中可以携带该临时标识#1。
在S237，AMF#2可以根据注册信息，确定与该临时标识#1对应的安全信息#1。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使UE#1在PLMN内时通过互通设备#2进行针对NPN的注册过程，能够在UE#1未切换至NPN之前完成在NPN的鉴权和/或注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因鉴权和/或注册而产生的切换处理时长。
另外，在本申请中，也可以不指示上述S230、S235和S237。此情况下，UE#1可以在切换至NPN之后进行注册。
需要说明的是，本申请并未对上述S220和S230的执行顺序进行特别限定，即，S220可以在S230之前进行，或者，S220也可以在S230之后进行。
可选地，在S240，在UE#1从PLMN切换至NPN之前，UE#1可以指示互通设备#1与UPF#1建立通道#2，其中该通道#2属于会话#1。
例如，UE#1可以经由互通设备#1向AMF#1发送会话建立请求，该会话建立请求可以包括会话#1的标识。
AMF#1可以根据该会话建立请求，向PLMN的会话管理设备(例如，SMF，记做SMF#1)发送会话建立上下文。
SMF#1根据该会话建立上下文，向UPF#1发送会话建立指示。
如上所述，在S210已经建立会话#1的通道#1，因此，在现有技术中，当通道#2建立完成之后，AMF#1、SMF#1或UPF#1等设备可能会发起针对通道#1的资源释放过程。
而在本申请中，在建立通道#2时，UE#1尚处于PLMN中，还不需要切换下行通道至通道#2，也不需要释放通道#1的资源释放，如果发起下行通道切换过程，可能导致UE#1通过该会话#1访问的业务传输时延增大。
对此，在本申请中，在该会话建立请求可以携带预切换指示，该预切换(pre-handover)指示可以用于指示禁止释放通道#1的资源。
具体地，该预切换指示由UE#1在会话建立请求中经由AMF#1发送给SMF#1，SMF#1发送给UPF#1，UPF#1根据该指示暂时不切换下行通道到互通设备#1侧，SMF#1根据该指示暂时不发起通道#1的资源释放流程。
在S245，在通道#2建立完成后，UPF#1可以通过该通道#2发送UE#1的下行数据。
在S247，互通设备#1可以缓存所接收到的通道#2的下行数据。
在S249，互通设备#1可以在确定隧道#1的更新(具体地说，是UE#1在隧道#1中使用的本地通信标识的更新)完成后，向UE#1发送所缓存的数据。
需要说明的是，例如，在本申请中，在通道#2建立完成后，UPF#1可以默认通过该通道#2发送UE#1的下行数据。即UE不需要发送预切换指示，直接执行S245步骤。
S247和S249步骤也可以在S245之后默认执行，如互通设备#1根据运营商策略或本地策略，判断UE#1当前在PLMN内，则缓存所接收到的下行数据。另一种可能的方式中，S247和S249步骤由UE触发，具体地，UE在PDU会话建立完成之后，发送IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL消息到互通设备#1，其中携带下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)，可选还携带PDU会话标识，互通设备#1根据该下行数据缓存通知指示，确定需要缓存接收到的会话#1的下行数据。
或者，在本申请中，例如，在通道#2建立完成后，UPF#1可以仍然通过该通道#1发送UE#1的下行数据。此情况下，UE#1可以向UPF#1发送通道切换指示，该通道切换指示可以用于指示UPF#1使用基于通道#2发送UE#1的下行数据。
作为示例而非限定，UE#1可以在确定将要切换到目标NPN网络的时候发送该通道切换指示。
具体的一种可能实现方式，UE#1在PDU会话建立完成之后，发送IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL消息到互通设备#1，其中携带下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)，可选还携带PDU会话标识，互通设备#1根据该下行数据缓存通知指示，确定需要缓存接收到的会话#1的下行数据。
可选地，互通设备#1发送N2消息到AMF#1，其中包括通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示。
可选地，UE发送PDU会话修改请求到AMF#1，其中包括通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示。
AMF#1接收到通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示后，将该指示发送给SMF#1，具体地，可以发送PDU会话上下文修改信息传递该指示到SMF#1；SMF#1发送N4消息到发送给UPF#1，其中包括通道切换指示；UPF#1根据该通道切换指示，切换会话#1的 下行通道到互通设备#1。SMF#1根据该通道切换指示，还可以根据运营商策略或本地策略等，决定是否发起会话#1的通道#1的资源释放。
具体的另一种可能的实现方式，UE在S240的会话建立请求中，携带通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)，该PDU会话建立请求经由AMF#1发送到SMF#1，SMF#1接收到PDU会话建立请求之后，可以发送N4消息到UPF#1，其中包括通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示。UPF#1切换会话#1的下行通道到互通设备#1。SMF#1根据通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示，还可以根据运营商策略或本地策略等，决定是否发起会话#1的通道#1的资源释放。SMF#1在N2 SM信息中，携带通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)给互通设备#1，互通设备#1根据该指示确定需要缓存接收到的会话#1的下行数据。
需要说明的是，本申请并未对上述S220、S230和S240的执行顺序进行特别限定。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过在UE#1切换至NPN之前经由互通设备#1与UPF#1建立会话，能够使互通设备在UE#1的切换过程中缓存UE#1的下行数据，并在UE#1完成切换后下发所缓存的数据，从而，能够确保UE#1的通信的连续性和可靠性，进一步改善用户体验。
可选地，在S250，在UE#1从PLMN切换至NPN之前，UE#1触发互通设备#1与RAN#1之间建立转发隧道。
在本申请中，可以采用以下任一方式触发转发隧道的建立过程。
方式1
UE#1可以向RAN#1发送NPN的测量信息。
当该测量信息满足预设的网络切换条件时，RAN#1向AMF#1网络切换请求(handover required)，其中携带NPN指示或标识，以及间接数据转发隧道指示。AMF#1根据NPN网络指示或标识。；
AMF#1根据该网络切换请求，发送N2消息到互通设备#1，其中携带间接数据转发隧道指示，N2消息可以是handover request或者其他N2消息，在这里不做限定；互通设备#1分配转发隧道标识，在N2消息的响应消息中，如Handover request acknowledge消息或其他N2消息中发送给AMF#1；AMF#1将互通设备#1的转发隧道标识发送给SMF#1，SMF#1在N4消息中发送给UPF#1，SMF#1或UPF#1分配UPF#1上的转发隧道标识，在N2 SM信息中经由AMF#1发送给RAN#1。
方式2
UE#1可以向互通设备#1发送转发隧道建立指示；
互通设备#1根据该转发隧道建立指示，与RAN#1建立转发隧道。
并且，在转发隧道建立过程中，互通设备#1分配其使用的转发隧道标识(记做，转发隧道标识#1)，并使用N2消息发送给AMF#1；例如，互通设备#1可以通过N2路径切换请求(N2 path switch request)或者其他N2消息携带该转发隧道标识#1并发送给AMF#1。AMF#1将互通设备#1的转发隧道标识发送给SMF#1，SMF#1在N4消息中发送给UPF#1，SMF#1或UPF#1分配UPF#1上的转发隧道标识，在N2 SM信息中经由AMF#1发送给RAN#1。
由此，完成了转发隧道的建立。
可选地，AMF#1可以通过N2消息，向互通设备#1发送转发隧道建立完成指示。或者互通设备#1在向AMF#1发送自己分配的转发隧道标识后，互通设备#1可以向UE#1发送转发隧道建立完成指示。
或者，RAN#1可以向UE#1发送转发隧道建立完成指示。
从而，UE#1可以基于转发隧道建立完成指示，确定转隧道建立完成，从而可以触发从PLMN切换至NPN的网络切换过程。
在S255，在转发隧道建立完成后，RAN#1可以通过该转发隧道发送UE#1的下行数据。
在S257，互通设备#1可以缓存所接收到的转发隧道的下行数据。
在S259，互通设备#1可以在确定隧道#1的更新(具体地说，是UE#1在隧道#1中使用的本地通信标识的更新)完成后，向UE#1发送所缓存的数据。
需要说明的是，本申请并未对上述S220、S230和S250的执行顺序进行特别限定。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过在UE#1切换至NPN之前触发RAN#1与互通设备#1建立转发隧道，能够使互通设备在UE#1的切换过程中缓存UE#1的下行数据，并在UE#1完成切换后下发所缓存的数据，从而，能够确保UE#1的通信的连续性和可靠性，进一步改善用户体验。
需要说明的是，上述S240和S250(或者说，会话#4的建立和转发隧道的建立)可以择一执行，也可以全部执行，本申请并未限定。
并且，本申请并未对上述S240和S250的执行顺序进行特别限定，即，S240可以在S250之前进行，或者，S240也可以在S250之后进行。
下面，结合图3，对UE#A在PLMN中访问NPN业务时的网络切换的方法300的过程进行说明。
如图3所示，可选地，在S310，UE#A通过PLMN的接入设备(例如，RAN#1)、与PLMN的转发设备(例如，UPF#1)建立会话#B。UE#A通过会话#B与NPN的互通设备(例如，互通设备#2)已经建立隧道#B。UE#A通过隧道#B与NPN的转发设备(例如，UPF#2)建立会话(记做，会话#A)，作为示例而非限定，该会话#A可以包括协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话。其中，该会话建立的过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
其中，该会话#B包括通道#A，该通道#A为RAN#1与UPF#1之间的通道。
从而，UE#A可以通过该会话#A接收或发送NPN业务的数据。
需要说明的是，当UE#A确定需要使用NPN的服务时，或者说，在进行S310之前，而且在UE#A从PLMN需要切换至NPN之前，UE#A与NPN的互通设备(例如，互通设备#2)建立通信隧道(记做，隧道#B)，作为示例而非限定，该隧道#B可以包括IPSec隧道。
其中，该隧道#B的建立过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
其后，UE#A可以通过该隧道#B，经由互通设备#2在NPN中进行鉴权和/或注册。该过程可以与现有技术相似，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
在S320，当UE#A确定需要从PLMN切换至NPN(具体地说，是从RAN#1切换至 NPN的接入网)时，或者说，在UE#A从PLMN需要切换至NPN之前，UE#A可以与PLMN的互通设备(例如，互通设备#1)建立通信隧道(记做，隧道#A)，作为示例而非限定，该隧道#A可以包括IPSec隧道。
设UE#A在该隧道#A中使用的通信标识(例如，IP地址)为通信标识#A。
则例如，通信标识#A可以是PLMN为UE#A分配的标识，或者说，该通信标识#A可以是UE#A在PLMN中使用的标识。
在本申请中，基于通信标识进行隧道建立的过程可以与现有技术相似，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
在S335，当UE#A从PLMN切换至NPN之后，可以通过NPN的接入设备(例如，RAN#2)向AMF#2发送注册请求，该注册请求中可以携带该临时标识#A。
在S337，AMF#2可以根据注册信息，确定与该临时标识#A对应的安全信息#A。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使UE#A在PLMN内时进行针对NPN的注册过程，能够在UE#A未切换至NPN之前完成在NPN的注册，从而能够减少网络切换之后因注册而产生的切换处理时长。
另外，在本申请中，也可以不指示上述S330、S335和S337。此情况下，UE#A可以在切换至NPN之后进行注册。
需要说明的是，本申请并未对上述S320和S330的执行顺序进行特别限定，即，S320可以在S330之前进行，或者，S320也可以在S330之后进行。
可选地，在S340，在UE#A从PLMN切换至NPN之前，UE#A可以指示互通设备#1与UPF#1建立通道#B，该通道#B属于会话#B。
作为示例而非限定，该通道#B可以是PDU会话的N3通道。
例如，UE#A可以经由互通设备#1向AMF#1发送会话建立请求，可选的，该会话建立请求可以包括会话#B的标识。
AMF#1可以根据该会话建立请求，向PMLN的会话管理设备(例如，SMF#1)发送会话建立上下文。
SMF#1根据该会话建立上下文，向UPF#1发送会话建立指示。
如上所述，在S310已经建立会话#B的通道#A，因此，在现有技术中，当通道#B建立完成之后，AMF#1、SMF#1或UPF#1等设备可能会发起针对通道#A的资源释放过程。
而在本申请中，在建立通道#B时，UE#A尚处于PLMN中，还不需要切换下行通道至通道#B，也不需要释放通道#A的资源。如果发起下行通道切换过程，可能导致UE#A通过该会话#B访问的业务业务传输时延增大。
对此，在本申请中，在该会话建立请求可以携带预切换指示，该预切换(pre-handover)指示可以用于指示禁止释放通道#A。具体地，该预切换指示由UE#1在会话建立请求中经由AMF#1发送给SMF#1，SMF#1发送给UPF#1，UPF#1根据该指示暂时不切换下行通道到互通设备#1侧，SMF#1根据该指示暂时不发起通道#1的资源释放流程。
在S345，在通道#B建立完成后，UPF#1可以通过该通道#B发送UE#A的下行数据。
在S347，互通设备#1可以缓存所接收到的通道#B的下行数据。
需要说明的是，例如，在本申请中，在通道#B建立完成后，UPF#1可以默认通过该 会话#B发送UE#A的下行数据。即UE不需要发送预切换指示，直接执行S345步骤。、S347和S349步骤也可以在S345之后默认执行，如互通设备#1根据运营商策略或本地策略，判断UE#A当前在PLMN内，则缓存所接收到的下行数据。另一种可能的方式中，S347和S349步骤由UE#A触发，具体地，UE#A在PDU会话建立完成之后，发送IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL消息到互通设备#1，其中携带下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)，可选还携带PDU会话标识，互通设备#1根据该下行数据缓存通知指示，确定需要缓存接收到的会话#B的下行数据。
或者，在本申请中，例如，在通道#B建立完成后，UPF#1可以仍然通过该通道#A发送UE#A的下行数据。此情况下，UE#A可以向UPF#1发送通道切换指示，该通道切换指示可以用于指示UPF#1使用基于互通设备#1的通道(例如，通道#B)发送UE#A的下行数据。UE#A可以在确定将要切换到目标NPN网络的时候发送该通道切换指示。
具体的一种可能实现方式，UE#A在PDU会话建立完成之后，发送IKEv2_INFORMATIONAL消息到互通设备#1，其中携带下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)，可选还携带PDU会话标识，互通设备#1根据该下行数据缓存通知指示，确定需要缓存接收到的通道#B的下行数据。
可选地，互通设备#1发送N2消息到AMF#1，其中包括通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示。
可选地，UE发送PDU会话修改请求到AMF#1，其中包括通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示。
AMF#1接收到通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示后，将该指示发送给SMF#1，具体地，可以发送PDU会话上下文修改信息传递该指示到SMF#1；SMF#1发送N4消息到发送给UPF#1，其中包括通道切换指示；UPF#1根据该通道切换指示，切换会话#B的下行通道到互通设备#1。SMF#1根据该通道切换指示，还可以根据运营商策略或本地策略等，决定是否发起会话#B的通道#A的资源释放。
具体的另一种可能的实现方式，UE在S340的会话建立请求中，携带通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)，该PDU会话建立请求经由AMF#1发送到SMF#1，SMF#1接收到PDU会话建立请求之后，发送N4消息到UPF#1，其中包括通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示。UPF#A切换会话#B的下行通道到互通设备#1。SMF#1根据通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示，还可以根据运营商策略或本地策略等，决定是否发起会话#B的通道#A的资源释放。SMF#1在N2 SM信息中，携带通道切换指示或者下行数据缓存通知指示(DL Data Cache Notification)给互通设备#1，互通设备#1根据该指示确定需要缓存接收到的会话#B的下行数据。
需要说明的是，本申请并未对上述S320、S330和S340的执行顺序进行特别限定。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过在UE#A切换至NPN之前经由互通设备#1与UPF#1建立会话，能够使互通设备在UE#A的切换过程中缓存UE#A的下行数据，并在UE#A完成切换后下发所缓存的数据，从而，能够确保UE#A的通信的连续性和可靠性，进一步改善用户体验。
可选地，在S350，在UE#A从PLMN切换至NPN之前，UE#A触发互通设备#1与RAN#1之间建立转发隧道。
例如，UE#A可以向RAN#1发送NPN的测量信息。当该测量信息满足预设的网络切换条件时，RAN#1向AMF#1网络切换请求(handover required)，其中携带NPN指示或标识，以及间接数据转发隧道指示。AMF#1根据NPN网络指示或标识；AMF#1根据该网络切换请求，发送N2消息到互通设备#1，其中携带间接数据转发隧道指示，N2消息可以是handover request或者其他N2消息，在这里不做限定；互通设备#1分配转发隧道标识，在N2消息的响应消息中，例如Handover request acknowledge消息中发送给AMF#1；AMF#1将互通设备#1的转发隧道标识发送给SMF#1，SMF#1在N4消息中发送给UPF#1，SMF#1或UPF#1分配UPF#1上的转发隧道标识，在N2 SM信息中经由AMF#1发送给RAN#1。。
再例如，UE#A可以向互通设备#1发送转发隧道建立指示；互通设备#1根据该转发隧道建立指示，与RAN#1建立转发隧道；并且，在转发隧道建立过程中，互通设备#1确定其使用的转发隧道标识(记做，转发隧道标识#1)，并使用N2消息发送给AMF#1；例如，互通设备#1可以通过N2消息或者其他N2消息携带该转发隧道标识#1并发送给AMF#1；AMF#1将互通设备#1的转发隧道标识发送给SMF#1，SMF#1在N4消息中发送给UPF#1，SMF#1或UPF#1分配UPF#1上的转发隧道标识，在N2 SM信息中经由AMF#1发送给RAN#1。。
由此，完成了转发隧道的建立。
可选地，，AMF#1可以通过N2消息，向互通设备#1发送转发隧道建立完成指示。
或者，互通设备#1在向AMF#1发送自己分配的转发隧道标识后，互通设备#1可以向UE#A发送转发隧道建立完成指示。
或者，RAN#1可以向UE#A发送转发隧道建立完成指示。
从而，UE#A可以基于转发隧道建立完成指示，确定转隧道建立完成，从而可以触发从PLMN切换至NPN的网络切换过程。
在S355，在转发隧道建立完成后，RAN#1可以通过该转发隧道发送UE#A的下行数据。
在S357，互通设备#1可以缓存所接收到的转发隧道的下行数据。
需要说明的是，本申请并未对上述S320、S330和S350的执行顺序进行特别限定。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过在UE#A切换至NPN之前触发RAN#1与互通设备#1建立转发隧道，能够使互通设备在UE#A的切换过程中缓存UE#A的下行数据，并在UE#A完成切换后下发所缓存的数据，从而，能够确保UE#A的通信的连续性和可靠性，进一步改善用户体验。
需要说明的是，上述S340和S350(或者说，会话#4的建立和转发隧道的建立)可以择一执行，也可以全部执行，本申请并未限定。
并且，本申请并未对上述S340和S350的执行顺序进行特别限定，即，S340可以在S350之前进行，或者，S340也可以在S350之后进行。
在S360，当UE#A从PLMN切换至NPN之后，可以与NPN的转发设备(例如，UPF#2)建立会话(记做，会话#C)，作为示例而非限定，该会话#C可以包括PDU会话。其中，该会话建立的过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。例如，在该会话建立的过程中，NPN的会话管理设备(例如，SMF，记做SMF#2)可以为UE#A 分配通信标识(记做，通信标识#B)，例如，该通信标识#B可以包括IP地址或IP端口等。UE#A也可以直接使用会话#A中的通信标识作为通信标识#B。
在S370，UE#A可以向互通设备#1发送更新请求，该更新请求中可以携带通信标识#B，并且，该更新请求可以用于指示互通设备#1将隧道#A中该UE#A使用的本地标识更新为该通信标识#B。
并且，互通设备#1可以根据该更新请求，将隧道#A中该UE#A使用的本地标识更新为该通信标识#B。
在S390，互通设备#1可以通过更新后的隧道#A向UE#A发送所缓存的数据。
当UE在第一网络内访问第二网络的业务时，如果UE发生切换，则可能导致因网络切换而造成的访问中断，根据本申请提供的网络切换的方案，通过使第一网络的互通设备缓存业务数据，并预先建立UE与第一互通设备之间的隧道，从而，在UE切换至第二网络后，可以更新该隧道的本地标识，从而，第一网络的互通设备可以通过该隧道向UE下发所缓存的数据，从而能够确保业务访问的连续性和可靠性，并且，能够缩短网络切换所需要的时长。
下面，结合图4，以UE(即，终端设备的一例)从PLMN(即，第一网络的一例)切换至NPN(即，第二网络的一例)时的过程为例对本申请提供的另一网络切换的方法400进行说明。
如图4所示，可选地，在S410，当UE#a确定需要从PLMN切换至NPN(具体地说，是从RAN#1切换至RAN#2)时，或者说，在UE#1从PLMN需要切换至NPN之前，UE#1可以与NPN的互通设备(即，互通设备#2)建立通信隧道(记做，隧道#a)，作为示例而非限定，该隧道#a可以包括IPSec隧道。
其中，该隧道#a的建立过程可以与现有技术相似，这里为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
其后，UE#a可以通过该隧道#a，经由互通设备#2在NPN中进行注册。该注册过程可以包括以下步骤：
1，UE#a可以通过隧道#a向互通设备#2发送注册请求#a，该在该注册请求#a中可以携带该UE#a的标识，例如，媒体接入控制(media access control，MAC)地址、手机号码、国际移动用户识别码(international mobile subscriber identification number，IMSI)、国际移动设备识别码(international mobile equipment identity，IMEI)。
在本申请中，在互通设备#2和NPN的接入管理设备(例如，AMF#2)之间可以包括多个通信连接，多个通信连接和多个UE标识可以具有一一对应关系，从而，互通设备#2可以确定与UE#a的标识相对应的通信连接(记做，通信连接#a)。
2，互通设备#2可以通过该通信连接#a的N2消息#a，发送注册请求#a。
3，AMF#2根据该注册请求#a，确定需要对UE#a进行注册，并进行注册处理。例如，AMF#2可以确定该UE#a在NPN中使用的安全信息(记做，安全信息#a)，并且，AMF#2可以为UE#a分配临时标识(记做，临时标识#a)。
并且，AMF#2可以记录注册信息，该注册信息可以用于指示临时标识#a与安全信息#a的对应关系。
可选地，在该注册请求#a和N2消息#a中可以携带源网络信息(例如，PLMN的标 识或PLMN的位置信息等)，从而，AMF#2可以根据该源网络信息，确定UE当前所在的网络。例如，AMF#2可以根据该PLMN的标识，确定该UE#a当前在PLMN范围内，从而，可以按照UE从PLMN的RAN接入NPN的处理流程对UE#a进行注册(例如，鉴权)
在S420，当UE#a从PLMN切换至NPN之后，可以通过NPN的接入设备(例如，RAN#2)向AMF#2发送注册请求#c，该注册请求#c中可以携带该临时标识#a。
在S430，AMF#2可以根据注册信息，确定与该临时标识#a对应的安全信息#a。
根据本申请提供的网络切换的方法，通过使UE#a在PLMN内时通过互通设备#2进行针对NPN的注册过程，能够在UE#a未切换至NPN之前完成在NPN的注册，从而能够缩短网络切换之后因注册而造成的切换处理时长。
需要说明的是，上述实施例中以UE从PLMN切换至NPN时的处理过程为例进行描述，但本申请并不限定于此，本申请提供的方案同样适用于UE从NPN切换至PLMN时的处理过程。此情况下，互通设备#1与互通设备#2执行的动作互换，AMF#1与AMF#2执行的动作互换，SMF#1与SMF#2执行的动作互换，UPF#1与UPF#2执行的动作互换。
根据前述方法，图5为本申请实施例提供的网络切换的装置(也可以称为设备)500的示意图一，如图5所示，该装置500可以为终端设备(例如，上述终端设备#1、终端设备#A或终端设备#a)，也可以为芯片或电路，比如可设置于终端设备的芯片或电路。
该装置500可以包括处理器510(即，处理单元的一例)和存储器520。该存储器520用于存储指令，该处理器510用于执行该存储器520存储的指令，以使该装置500实现上述方法(例如，方法200、方法300或400)中终端设备执行的步骤。
进一步的，该装置500还可以包括输入口530(即，通信单元的一例)和输出口540(即，通信单元的另一例)。进一步的，该处理器510、存储器520、输入口530和输出口540可以通过内部连接通路互相通信，传递控制和/或数据信号。
该存储器520用于存储计算机程序，该处理器510可以用于从该存储器520中调用并运行该计算计程序，以控制输入口530接收信号，控制输出口540发送信号，完成上述方法中终端设备的步骤。
该存储器520可以集成在处理器510中，也可以与处理器510分开设置。
可选地，若该装置500为终端设备，该输入口530为接收器，该输出口540为发送器。其中，接收器和发送器可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为收发器。
可选地，若该装置500为芯片或电路，该输入口530为输入接口，该输出口540为输出接口。
作为一种实现方式，输入口530和输出口540的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器510可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的控制设备。即将实现处理器510、输入口530和输出口540功能的程序代码存储在存储器520中，通用处理器通过执行存储器520中的代码来实现处理器510、输入口530和输出口540的功能。
其中，以上列举的装置500中各模块或单元可以用于执行上述方法200、300或400中终端设备所执行的各动作或处理过程，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
该装置500所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，随着片上系统(System-on-chip，SoC)技术的发展，装置10的全部或者部分功能由SoC技术实现，例如由一颗终端设备功能芯片实现，该终端设备功能芯片集成了处理器、存储器、通信接口等器件，终端设备相关功能的程序存储在存储器中，由处理器执行程序以实现终端设备的相关功能。可选地，该终端设备功能芯片也能够读取该芯片外部的存储器以实现终端设备的相关功能。
应理解，图5示例的装置500的结构仅为一种可能的形态，而不应对本申请实施例构成任何限定。本申请并不排除未来可能出现的其他形态的终端设备结构的可能。
根据前述方法，图6为本申请实施例提供的网络切换的装置(也可以称为设备)600的示意图一，如图6所示，该装置600可以为互通设备(例如，上述互通设备#1)，也可以为芯片或电路，比如可设置于终端设备的芯片或电路。
该装置600可以包括处理器610(即，处理单元的一例)和存储器620。该存储器620用于存储指令，该处理器610用于执行该存储器620存储的指令，以使该装置600实现上述方法(例如，方法200、方法300或400)中互通设备#1执行的步骤。
进一步的，该装置600还可以包括输入口630(即，通信单元的一例)和输出口640(即，通信单元的另一例)。进一步的，该处理器610、存储器620、输入口630和输出口640可以通过内部连接通路互相通信，传递控制和/或数据信号。
该存储器620用于存储计算机程序，该处理器610可以用于从该存储器620中调用并运行该计算计程序，以控制输入口630接收信号，控制输出口640发送信号，完成上述方法中终端设备的步骤。
该存储器620可以集成在处理器610中，也可以与处理器610分开设置。
可选地，若该装置600为终端设备，该输入口630为接收器，该输出口640为发送器。其中，接收器和发送器可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为收发器。
可选地，若该装置600为芯片或电路，该输入口630为输入接口，该输出口640为输出接口。
作为一种实现方式，输入口630和输出口640的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器610可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的控制设备。即将实现处理器610、输入口630和输出口640功能的程序代码存储在存储器620中，通用处理器通过执行存储器620中的代码来实现处理器610、输入口630和输出口640的功能。
其中，以上列举的装置600中各模块或单元可以用于执行上述方法200、300或400中互通设备#1所执行的各动作或处理过程，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
该装置600所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及 其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，随着片上系统(System-on-chip，SoC)技术的发展，装置10的全部或者部分功能由SoC技术实现，例如由一颗互通设备功能芯片实现，该互通设备功能芯片集成了处理器、存储器、通信接口等器件，互通设备的相关功能的程序存储在存储器中，由处理器执行程序以实现互通设备的相关功能。可选地，该互通设备功能芯片也能够读取该芯片外部的存储器以实现互通设备的相关功能。
应理解，图6示例的装置600的结构仅为一种可能的形态，而不应对本申请实施例构成任何限定。本申请并不排除未来可能出现的其他形态的互通设备结构的可能。
根据前述方法，图7为本申请实施例提供的网络切换的装置(也可以称为设备)700的示意图一，如图7所示，该装置700可以为转发设备(例如，上述转发设备#1)，也可以为芯片或电路，比如可设置于终端设备的芯片或电路。
该装置700可以包括处理器710(即，处理单元的一例)和存储器720。该存储器720用于存储指令，该处理器710用于执行该存储器720存储的指令，以使该装置700实现上述方法(例如，方法200、方法300或400)中转发设备#1执行的步骤。
进一步的，该装置700还可以包括输入口730(即，通信单元的一例)和输出口740(即，通信单元的另一例)。进一步的，该处理器710、存储器720、输入口730和输出口740可以通过内部连接通路互相通信，传递控制和/或数据信号。
该存储器720用于存储计算机程序，该处理器710可以用于从该存储器720中调用并运行该计算计程序，以控制输入口730接收信号，控制输出口740发送信号，完成上述方法中终端设备的步骤。
该存储器720可以集成在处理器710中，也可以与处理器710分开设置。
可选地，若该装置700为终端设备，该输入口730为接收器，该输出口740为发送器。其中，接收器和发送器可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为收发器。
可选地，若该装置700为芯片或电路，该输入口730为输入接口，该输出口740为输出接口。
作为一种实现方式，输入口730和输出口740的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器710可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的控制设备。即将实现处理器710、输入口730和输出口740功能的程序代码存储在存储器720中，通用处理器通过执行存储器720中的代码来实现处理器710、输入口730和输出口740的功能。
其中，以上列举的装置700中各模块或单元可以用于执行上述方法200、300或400中转发设备#1所执行的各动作或处理过程，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
该装置700所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，随着片上系统(System-on-chip，SoC)技术的发展，装置10的全部或者部分功能由SoC技术实现，例如由一颗转发设备功能芯片实现，该转发设 备功能芯片集成了处理器、存储器、通信接口等器件，转发设备的相关功能的程序存储在存储器中，由处理器执行程序以实现转发设备的相关功能。可选地，该转发设备功能芯片也能够读取该芯片外部的存储器以实现转发设备的相关功能。
应理解，图7示例的装置700的结构仅为一种可能的形态，而不应对本申请实施例构成任何限定。本申请并不排除未来可能出现的其他形态的转发设备结构的可能。
根据前述方法，图8为本申请实施例提供的网络切换的装置(也可以称为设备)800的示意图一，如图8所示，该装置800可以为接入设备(例如，上述接入设备#1)，也可以为芯片或电路，比如可设置于终端设备的芯片或电路。
该装置800可以包括处理器810(即，处理单元的一例)和存储器820。该存储器820用于存储指令，该处理器810用于执行该存储器820存储的指令，以使该装置800实现上述方法(例如，方法200、方法300或400)中接入设备#1执行的步骤。
进一步的，该装置800还可以包括输入口830(即，通信单元的一例)和输出口840(即，通信单元的另一例)。进一步的，该处理器810、存储器820、输入口830和输出口840可以通过内部连接通路互相通信，传递控制和/或数据信号。
该存储器820用于存储计算机程序，该处理器810可以用于从该存储器820中调用并运行该计算计程序，以控制输入口830接收信号，控制输出口840发送信号，完成上述方法中终端设备的步骤。
该存储器820可以集成在处理器810中，也可以与处理器810分开设置。
可选地，若该装置800为终端设备，该输入口830为接收器，该输出口840为发送器。其中，接收器和发送器可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为收发器。
可选地，若该装置800为芯片或电路，该输入口830为输入接口，该输出口840为输出接口。
作为一种实现方式，输入口830和输出口840的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器810可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的控制设备。即将实现处理器810、输入口830和输出口840功能的程序代码存储在存储器820中，通用处理器通过执行存储器820中的代码来实现处理器810、输入口830和输出口840的功能。
其中，以上列举的装置800中各模块或单元可以用于执行上述方法200、300或400中接入设备#1所执行的各动作或处理过程，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
该装置800所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，随着片上系统(System-on-chip，SoC)技术的发展，装置10的全部或者部分功能由SoC技术实现，例如由一颗接入设备功能芯片实现，该接入设备功能芯片集成了处理器、存储器、通信接口等器件，接入设备的相关功能的程序存储在存储器中，由处理器执行程序以实现接入设备的相关功能。可选地，该接入设备功能芯片也能够读取该芯片外部的存储器以实现接入设备的相关功能。
应理解，图8示例的装置800的结构仅为一种可能的形态，而不应对本申请实施例构成任何限定。本申请并不排除未来可能出现的其他形态的接入设备结构的可能。
根据前述方法，图9为本申请实施例提供的网络切换的装置(也可以称为设备)900的示意图一，如图9所示，该装置900可以为接入管理设备(例如，上述接入管理设备#1)，也可以为芯片或电路，比如可设置于终端设备的芯片或电路。
该装置900可以包括处理器910(即，处理单元的一例)和存储器920。该存储器920用于存储指令，该处理器910用于执行该存储器920存储的指令，以使该装置900实现上述方法(例如，方法200、方法300或400)中接入管理设备#2执行的步骤。
进一步的，该装置900还可以包括输入口930(即，通信单元的一例)和输出口940(即，通信单元的另一例)。进一步的，该处理器910、存储器920、输入口930和输出口940可以通过内部连接通路互相通信，传递控制和/或数据信号。
该存储器920用于存储计算机程序，该处理器910可以用于从该存储器920中调用并运行该计算计程序，以控制输入口930接收信号，控制输出口940发送信号，完成上述方法中终端设备的步骤。
该存储器920可以集成在处理器910中，也可以与处理器910分开设置。
可选地，若该装置900为终端设备，该输入口930为接收器，该输出口940为发送器。其中，接收器和发送器可以为相同或者不同的物理实体。为相同的物理实体时，可以统称为收发器。
可选地，若该装置900为芯片或电路，该输入口930为输入接口，该输出口940为输出接口。
作为一种实现方式，输入口930和输出口940的功能可以考虑通过收发电路或者收发的专用芯片实现。处理器910可以考虑通过专用处理芯片、处理电路、处理器或者通用芯片实现。
作为另一种实现方式，可以考虑使用通用计算机的方式来实现本申请实施例提供的控制设备。即将实现处理器910、输入口930和输出口940功能的程序代码存储在存储器920中，通用处理器通过执行存储器920中的代码来实现处理器910、输入口930和输出口940的功能。
其中，以上列举的装置900中各模块或单元可以用于执行上述方法200、300或400中接入管理设备#1所执行的各动作或处理过程，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
该装置900所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述。
在一种可能的实施方式中，随着片上系统(System-on-chip，SoC)技术的发展，装置10的全部或者部分功能由SoC技术实现，例如由一颗接入管理设备功能芯片实现，该接入管理设备功能芯片集成了处理器、存储器、通信接口等器件，接入管理设备的相关功能的程序存储在存储器中，由处理器执行程序以实现接入管理设备的相关功能。可选地，该接入管理设备功能芯片也能够读取该芯片外部的存储器以实现接入管理设备的相关功能。
应理解，图9示例的装置900的结构仅为一种可能的形态，而不应对本申请实施例构成任何限定。本申请并不排除未来可能出现的其他形态的接入管理设备结构的可能。
根据本申请实施例提供的方法，本申请实施例还提供一种通信系统，其包括前述的终 端设备、转发设备、互通设备、接入设备和接入控制设备。
图10为本申请提供的一种终端设备1000的结构示意图。上述装置500可以配置在该终端设备1000中，或者，该装置500本身可以即为该终端设备1000。或者说，该终端设备1000可以执行上述方法200、300或400中终端设备执行的动作。
为了便于说明，图10仅示出了终端设备的主要部件。如图10所示，终端设备1000包括处理器、存储器、控制电路、天线以及输入输出装置。
处理器主要用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，以及对整个终端设备进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据，例如用于支持终端设备执行上述传输预编码矩阵的指示方法实施例中所描述的动作。存储器主要用于存储软件程序和数据，例如存储上述实施例中所描述的码本。控制电路主要用于基带信号与射频信号的转换以及对射频信号的处理。控制电路和天线一起也可以叫做收发器，主要用于收发电磁波形式的射频信号。输入输出装置，例如触摸屏、显示屏，键盘等主要用于接收用户输入的数据以及对用户输出数据。
当终端设备开机后，处理器可以读取存储单元中的软件程序，解释并执行软件程序的指令，处理软件程序的数据。当需要通过无线发送数据时，处理器对待发送的数据进行基带处理后，输出基带信号至射频电路，射频电路将基带信号进行射频处理后将射频信号通过天线以电磁波的形式向外发送。当有数据发送到终端设备时，射频电路通过天线接收到射频信号，将射频信号转换为基带信号，并将基带信号输出至处理器，处理器将基带信号转换为数据并对该数据进行处理。
本领域技术人员可以理解，为了便于说明，图10仅示出了一个存储器和处理器。在实际的终端设备中，可以存在多个处理器和存储器。存储器也可以称为存储介质或者存储设备等，本申请实施例对此不做限制。
例如，处理器可以包括基带处理器和中央处理器，基带处理器主要用于对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理，中央处理器主要用于对整个终端设备进行控制，执行软件程序，处理软件程序的数据。图10中的处理器集成了基带处理器和中央处理器的功能，本领域技术人员可以理解，基带处理器和中央处理器也可以是各自独立的处理器，通过总线等技术互联。本领域技术人员可以理解，终端设备可以包括多个基带处理器以适应不同的网络制式，终端设备可以包括多个中央处理器以增强其处理能力，终端设备的各个部件可以通过各种总线连接。所述基带处理器也可以表述为基带处理电路或者基带处理芯片。所述中央处理器也可以表述为中央处理电路或者中央处理芯片。对通信协议以及通信数据进行处理的功能可以内置在处理器中，也可以以软件程序的形式存储在存储单元中，由处理器执行软件程序以实现基带处理功能。
示例性的，在本申请实施例中，可以将具有收发功能的天线和控制电路视为终端设备1000的收发单元1010，将具有处理功能的处理器视为终端设备1000的处理单元1020。如图10所示，终端设备1010包括收发单元1010和处理单元1020。收发单元也可以称为收发器、收发机、收发装置等。可选的，可以将收发单元1010中用于实现接收功能的器件视为接收单元，将收发单元1010中用于实现发送功能的器件视为发送单元，即收发单元1010包括接收单元和发送单元。示例性的，接收单元也可以称为接收机、接收器、接收电路等，发送单元可以称为发射机、发射器或者发射电路等。
该处理器1010用于执行该存储器内存储的指令，以使该终端设备1010实现前述方法中终端设备执行的步骤，例如，上述方法200、300或400中终端设备所执行的步骤。
在一种实现方式中，该处理器1020可以调用存储器中的程序以控制例如收发单元1010等单元使终端设备1000在从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，与第一互通设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；并用于在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之后，获取第二标识，并控制收发单元1010向所述第一互通设备发送更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010在该终端设备1000从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备；用于控制收发单元1010通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识；用于控制收发单元1010在该终端设备1000在从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010在该终端设备1000在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，通过所述第一互通设备向所述第一网络的接入管理设备发送第三注册请求。
可选地，所述第三注册请求包括预切换指示信息，所述预切换指示信息用于指示所述终端设备需要切换至第二网络。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010在该终端设备1000在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，指示所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的转发设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010向所述第一互通设备发送第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存所接收到的所述第一通道的第一下行数据。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010向所述第一网络的转发设备发送触发信息，所述触发信息用于指示所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010发送保留指示，所述保留指示用于请求保留第二通道，所述第二通道是所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道属于同一会话。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010在该终端设备1000在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，发送转发隧道建立请求，所述转发隧道建立请求用于请求所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一互通设备之间建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据 的转发隧道。
可选地，所述隧道建立请求包括所述第二网络的测量报告。
可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010向所述第一互通设备发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据。
在另一种实现方式中，可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010在该终端设备1000从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备；用于控制收发单元1010通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识；可选地，该处理器1020用于控制收发单元1010在该终端设备1000从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
其中，以上列举的终端设备1000中各模块或单元的功能和动作仅为示例性说明，终端设备1000中各模块或单元可以用于执行上述方法中终端设备(例如，终端设备#A、终端设备#1或终端设备#a)所执行的各动作或处理过程，这里，为了避免赘述，省略其详细说明。
该终端设备1000所涉及的与本申请实施例提供的技术方案相关的概念，解释和详细说明及其他步骤请参见前述方法或其他实施例中关于这些内容的描述，此处不做赘述
应理解，本申请实施例中，该处理器可以为中央处理单元(central processing unit，CPU)，该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(digital signal processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
还应理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(double data rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(direct rambus RAM，DR RAM)。
上述实施例，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或其他任意组合来实现。当使 用软件实现时，上述实施例可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机指令或计算机程序。在计算机上加载或执行所述计算机指令或计算机程序时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以为通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线(例如红外、无线、微波等)方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质或者是包含一个或多个可用介质集合的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述可用介质可以是磁性介质(例如，软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，DVD)、或者半导体介质。半导体介质可以是固态硬盘。
应理解，本文中术语“和/或”，仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B这三种情况。另外，本文中字符“/”，一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、 移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (41)

  1. 一种网络切换的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，与第一互通设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；
    所述终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之后，获取第二标识，并向所述第一互通设备发送更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备；
    所述终端设备通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识；
    所述终端设备在从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，通过所述第一互通设备向所述第一网络的接入管理设备发送第三注册请求。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第三注册请求包括预切换指示信息，所述预切换指示信息用于指示所述终端设备需要切换至第二网络。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，发送通道建立请求，所述通道建立请求用于请求所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备向所述第一互通设备发送第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存所接收到的所述第一通道的第一下行数据。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备向所述第一网络的转发设备发送触发信息，所述触发信息用于指示所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
  8. 根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备发送保留指示，所述保留指示用于请求保留第二通道，所述第二通道是所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道属于同一会话。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备在从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，发送转发隧道建立请求，所述转发隧道建立请求用于请求所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一互通设备之间建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述隧道建立请求包括所述第二网络的测量报告。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述终端设备向所述第一互通设备发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据。
  12. 一种网络切换的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一互通设备与第一网络内的终端设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；
    所述第一互通设备接收所述终端设备发送的更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识；
    所述第一互通设备根据所述更新请求，将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的转发设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话；
    所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的第一下行数据；
    所述第一互通设备在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第一下行数据。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一互通设备接收所述终端设备发送的第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的下行数据，以及
    所述第一互通设备所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的第一下行数据，包括：
    所述第一互通设备根据所述第一缓存指示，缓存所述第一下行数据。
  15. 根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的接入设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道；
    所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据；
    所述第一互通设备在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第二下行数据。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述第一互通设备接收发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的下行数据；以及
    所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据，包括：
    所述第一互通设备根据所述第二缓存指示，缓存所述第二下行数据。
  17. 一种网络切换的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备；
    所述终端设备通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识；
    所述终端设备在从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
  18. 一种网络切换的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理单元，用于在终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，控制收发单元与第一互通设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述第一互通设备是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；
    收发单元，用于在所述终端设备从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之后，获取第二标识，并向所述第一互通设备发送更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于在所述终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备，用于通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识，用于在所述终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
  20. 根据权利要求18或19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于在所述终端设备从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，通过所述第一互通设备向所述第一网络的接入管理设备发送第三注册请求。
  21. 根据权利要求18至20任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于控制所述收发单元在所述终端设备从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，指示所述第一互通设备与所述第一网络的转发设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于向所述第一互通设备发送第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存所接收到的所述第一通道的第一下行数据。
  23. 根据权利要求21或22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于向所述第一网络的转发设备发送触发信息，所述触发信息用于指示所述第一网络的转发设备通过所述第一通道发送所述终端设备的下行数据。
  24. 根据权利要求21至23中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于发送保留指示，所述保留指示用于请求保留第二通道，所述第二通道是所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一网络的转发设备之间的通道，所述第一通道与所述第二通道属于同一会话。
  25. 根据权利要求18至24中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于在所述终端设备从所述第一网络切换至所述第二网络之前，发送转发隧道建立请求，所述转发隧道建立请求用于请求所述第一网络的接入设备与所述第一互通设备之间建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于向所述第一互通设备发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据。
  27. 一种网络切换的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理单元，用于控制收发单元与第一网络内的终端设备建立第一隧道，其中，所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识为第一标识，所述第一标识是所述终端设备在所述第一网络内使用的标识，所述装置是所述第一网络中面向所述第一网络以外的网络的接口设备；
    收发单元，用于接收所述终端设备发送的更新请求，所述更新请求用于请求将所述通信标识更新为第二标识，所述第二标识是所述终端设备在所述第二网络内使用的标识；
    所述处理单元还用于根据所述更新请求，将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于控制所述收发单元与所述第一网络的转发设备建立第一通道，所述第一通道属于所述终端设备的会话；
    所述装置还包括存储单元，用于缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的第一下行数据；
    所述收发单元还用于在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第一下行数据。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，所述收发单元还用于接收所述终端设备发送的第一缓存指示，所述第一缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述第一通道接收到的下行数据，以及
    所述处理单元还用于根据所述第一缓存指示，在所述存储单元内缓存所述第一下行数据。
  30. 根据权利要求27至29中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述处理单元还用于控制所述收发单元与所述第一网络的接入设备建立用于传输所述终端设备的下行数据的转发隧道；
    所述装置还包括存储单元，用于缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的第二下行数据；
    所述收发单元还用于在将所述终端设备在所述第一隧道中的通信标识更新为所述第二标识之后，通过所述第一隧道向所述终端设备发送所述第二下行数据。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    所述收发单元还用于接收发送第二缓存指示，所述第二缓存指示用于指示所述第一互通设备缓存通过所述转发隧道接收到的下行数据；以及
    所述处理单元还用于根据所述第二缓存指示，在所述存储单元内缓存所述第二下行数据。
  32. 一种网络切换的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    处理单元，用于生成第一消息，所述第一消息用于请求在第二网络中为终端设备注册；
    收发单元，用于在所述终端设备从第一网络切换至第二网络之前，通过第二互通设备向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送所述第一消息，所述第二互通设备是所述第二网络中面向所述第二网络以外的网络的接口设备，用于通过所述第二互通设备从所述第二网络的接入管理设备接收应答消息，所述应答消息包括所述第二网络的接入管理设备为所述终端设备分配的临时标识；
    所述处理单元，还用于生成第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在第二网络中为终端设备注册；
    所述收发单元还用于在所述终端设备在从第一网络切换至第二网络时，向所述第二网络的接入管理设备发送第二消息，所述第二消息用于请求在所述第二网络中为所述终端设备注册，所述第二消息包括所述临时标识。
  33. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求18至26中任一项所述的装置，和
    如权利要求27至31中任一项所述的装置。
  34. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，包括：
    如权利要求32所述的装置，和
    面向其他网络的接口设备。
  35. 一种计算机程序产品，其特征在于，所述计算机程序产品包括计算机程序，当所述计算机程序被计算机运行时，使得计算机执行1至17中任意一项所述的方法。
  36. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述计算机可读存储介质上存储有计算机程序，当所述计算机程序在计算机上运行时，使得所述计算机执行如权利要求1至17中任意一项所述的方法。
  37. 一种芯片系统，其特征在于，包括至少一个处理器和接口电路，所述接口电路和所述至少一个处理器通过线路互联，所述处理器通过运行指令，以执行权利要求1到17任一项所述的方法。
  38. 一种网络切换的装置，其特征在于，包括：输入口，输出口和至少一个处理器，所述输入口，输出口和所述至少一个处理器通过线路互联，所述输入口，输出口用于执行权利要求1到11任一项所述的方法中，在所述装置侧进行消息接收和发送的操作；
    所述至少一个处理器调用指令，执行权利要求1到11任一项所述的方法中，在所述装置进行的消息处理或控制操作。
  39. 一种网络切换的装置，其特征在于，包括：输入口，输出口和至少一个处理器，所述输入口，输出口和所述至少一个处理器通过线路互联，所述输入口，输出口用于执行权利要求12到16任一项所述的方法中，在所述装置侧进行消息接收和发送的操作；
    所述至少一个处理器调用指令，执行权利要求12到16任一项所述的方法中，在所述装置进行的消息处理或控制操作。
  40. 一种网络切换的装置，其特征在于，包括：输入口，输出口和至少一个处理器， 所述输入口，输出口和所述至少一个处理器通过线路互联，所述输入口，输出口用于执行权利要求17所述的方法中，在所述装置侧进行消息接收和发送的操作；
    所述至少一个处理器调用指令，执行权利要求17任一项所述的方法中，在所述装置进行的消息处理或控制操作。
  41. 一种网络切换的装置，用于执行1到17项任一项所述方法。
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