WO2020098089A1 - 一种用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法 - Google Patents

一种用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020098089A1
WO2020098089A1 PCT/CN2018/123655 CN2018123655W WO2020098089A1 WO 2020098089 A1 WO2020098089 A1 WO 2020098089A1 CN 2018123655 W CN2018123655 W CN 2018123655W WO 2020098089 A1 WO2020098089 A1 WO 2020098089A1
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Prior art keywords
filling
area
coal caving
top coal
fully mechanized
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈绍杰
杜兆文
夏志国
张振
陈兵
李志远
简勇
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Priority to US16/622,263 priority Critical patent/US11047236B2/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/02—Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
    • E21F15/08—Filling-up hydraulically or pneumatically

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and in particular to a sub-regional coal caving and filling mining method for fully mechanized top coal caving working face.
  • the present invention provides a filling and mining method applied to fully mechanized top coal caving working face, the specific technical scheme is as follows
  • a filling and mining method applied to fully mechanized top coal caving face the steps include:
  • the fully mechanized top coal caving working face is divided into a filling area and a caving coal area along the working face, the length of the filling area and the caving coal area is equal to the length of the working face, the filling area and the caving coal The sum of the area widths is equal to the working face width; the filling area is adjacent to the top coal caving area;
  • step C Repeat step C and step D to complete the fully mechanized top coal caving mining face filling mining.
  • a filling and mining method applied to fully mechanized top coal caving face the steps include:
  • the fully mechanized top coal caving working face is divided into a filling area and a caving coal area along the trend and tendency, the filling area and the caving coal area are rectangular and staggered, and are divided into several along the face and trend A filling area and a caving coal area; the filling area and the caving coal area are adjacent;
  • step A Support the filling area divided in step A in front of the fully mechanized top coal caving face, complete the frame shifting and sliding process, complete the coal caving in the top coal caving area, and set up log support in the filling area ;
  • step D When the working face advances from the caving coal area to the filling area, support is carried out in front of the fully mechanized caving coal face, and the log support is erected behind the face, repeat step D; when the face is When the filling area advances to the top coal caving area, after step D is completed in the filling area, the frame shifting and sliding is completed, and the coal caving is completed in the top coal caving area; the filling area and the top coal caving area are alternately set as the working face advances to complete the comprehensive mining Backfill mining in top coal caving face.
  • the fully mechanized top coal caving working face is arranged in a hard coal seam of uniform thickness; the length and width of the top coal caving area is less than the first step of basic roof pressure.
  • the working surface circulation step is specifically determined according to the daily advance distance of the fully mechanized top coal caving working face.
  • the support includes the combined support of setting a bolt, a cable, and an anchor net
  • the log support includes a log support consisting of upright columns and beams evenly arranged.
  • the fully mechanized top coal caving working face is supported by a fully mechanized mining hydraulic support, and two rear supporting beams are provided behind the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support.
  • rear support beam and the rear of the fully-mechanized hydraulic support are hingedly fixed, and the rear end of the rear support beam extends above the filling body.
  • the filling paste contains an expansion agent
  • the expansion agent is calcium sulfoaluminate expansion agent
  • expansion The composition of the agent contains ettringite.
  • the fully mechanized top coal caving working face is divided into several filling areas and top coal caving areas, the filling area and the top coal caving area are arranged adjacent to each other, so that the roof subsidence can be effectively controlled and the surface subsidence can be reduced
  • the filling area and the top coal caving area are staggered, which further divides the filling area and the top coal caving area, which is conducive to the formation of a "triangular" roof control structure and thus more stable.
  • the rear support beam is provided behind the hydraulic support of the fully mechanized mining, which facilitates the standardized operation and further ensures the construction safety; especially when the filling area and the top coal area are staggered , To ensure the safety of top coal caving construction when the filling area is changed into top coal caving area during the progress of working face.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the filling area division of the filling and mining method of fully mechanized top coal caving face
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the staggered division of the filling area in the filling and mining method of fully mechanized top coal caving face;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the working face support structure of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the working face support structure of FIG. 2;
  • the present invention provides a method of backfill mining applied to fully mechanized top coal caving face, the specific implementation is as follows.
  • a specific construction step of a filling and mining method applied to a fully mechanized top coal caving face includes:
  • Step A When the fully mechanized top coal caving face is arranged in a hard coal seam of uniform thickness, and there are no large faults in the face, the fully mechanized top coal caving face is divided into a filling area 5 along the direction of the face ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 6. And top coal mining area 6.
  • the lengths of the filling area 5 and the caving coal area 6 are equal to the length of the working face, and the sum of the widths of the filling area 5 and the caving coal area 6 is equal to the working face width, and the length and width of the caving coal area are less than the initial pressure Step distance, where the filling area 5 and the top coal caving area 6 are adjacent.
  • the fully mechanized top coal caving working face is divided into several filling areas 5 and top coal caving areas 6, the filling area 5 and top caving coal areas 6 are arranged adjacent to each other in a strip shape, thereby reducing the area of top caving coal, which can effectively Controls the roof to sink, reducing ground subsidence.
  • Step B Determine the circulation step of the fully mechanized top coal caving face, determine the movement parameters of the direct roof according to the pressure and calculation of the face, the circulation step of the face is specifically based on the fully mechanized top coal caving face The daily advance distance is determined.
  • Step C Support the filling area divided in step A in front of the fully mechanized top coal caving face.
  • the support includes setting the anchor rod 4, anchor cable and anchor net in the roof position in front of the fully mechanized hydraulic support 1.
  • 3 Joint support roof During the period of mining roof separation in the top coal mining area, adjust the setting distance of the anchor and anchor cable, or use only anchor and anchor net support. When the anchor bolt and mesh support effect can not meet the requirements, add anchor cable to support Protect. Completion of the process of frame shifting and sliding, and completion of coal discharge in the top coal caving area 6, erection of log support in the filling area 5, the log support is specifically densely arranged logs in the filling area for support.
  • the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support in the filling area may not have the function of coal caving, but it is convenient for filling; the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support in the top coal mining area has the function of coal caving. Top coal hydraulic support.
  • Step D When the filling area 5 reaches the filling step, a filling tarpaulin 2 is provided behind the hydraulic support 1 of the fully mechanized mining, and the filling tarpaulin 2 isolates the filling area 5 from the area of the working face support through the filling pipeline 8 Pump the filling paste to the filling area 5.
  • the filling pipeline 8 is arranged in the smooth groove 12 and passes under the hydraulic support of the working face to reach each Filling part, the filling paste is sent to the area to be filled from the entrance above the filling tarpaulin 2.
  • the filling tarpaulin 2 When the filling tarpaulin 2 is installed, it is necessary to ensure that the height of the filling tarpaulin 2 is greater than the filling height, and ensure that the bottom edge of the filling tarpaulin 2 is in close contact with the bottom plate.
  • the expansion agent is added to increase the volume of the filling body 10 after the filling paste is solidified, and the filling area 5 moves to the top coal area 6 on both sides and expands, thereby causing the floating coal and broken gangue
  • the density of the goaf in the top coal caving area 6 is increased, thereby effectively improving the filling rate and roof control capability of the goaf 11.
  • the expansion agent is calcium sulfoaluminate expansion agent, and the composition of the expansion agent includes ettringite.
  • the expansion agent mainly uses gypsum and aluminum ore as the main materials and is made by calcination.
  • the filling paste is a combination of calcium sulfoaluminate expansion agent, cement, fly ash and gangue.
  • Step E Repeat Step C and Step D, continue to use anchor nets, anchor cables and anchor rods to support in front of the fully mechanized caving face in the filling area 5, and continue to use dense log support at the back to reach the filling step
  • Filling is carried out after the distance; in roof caving area 6, the roof can be pre-cracked so as to facilitate coal caving. During this period, the work of pushing and slipping in the filling area and caving coal area should be kept the same, to ensure the continuous advancement of the working face and complete fully mechanized caving.
  • Backfill mining of coal face The log can be constructed with 2 columns and 1 beam, and the log can be set to form a reliable construction space.
  • filling area 5 and the top coal area 6 are adjacent and arranged in strips, it is convenient for standardized operation, and the filling area is continuous and convenient for the arrangement of filling pipes.
  • Step A Fully mechanized top coal caving working face is arranged in a hard coal seam of uniform thickness, and there is no large fault in the working face, the fully mechanized top coal caving working face is divided into filling area 5 and Top coal area 6.
  • the filling area 5 and the caving coal area 6 are rectangular and staggered, and are divided into a plurality of filling areas 5 and caving coal areas 6 along the strike and tendency of the working face, wherein the length and width of the caving coal area 6 are less than that of the basic roof Step pressure is used to ensure the safety of caving, and the filling area is adjacent to the caving coal area.
  • the staggered arrangement of the filling area and the coal-discharging area forms a staggered filling area, which can further reduce the area of continuous roof collapse and strengthen the filling support effect.
  • Step B Determine the circulation step of the fully mechanized top coal caving face, determine the movement parameters of the direct roof according to the pressure and calculation of the face, the circulation step of the face is specifically based on the fully mechanized top coal caving face Daily advance distance Set.
  • Step C Supporting the filling area 5 divided in step A in front of the fully mechanized top coal caving face, the support includes the combined support of the anchor rod 4, the anchor cable and the anchor net 3 to complete the frame transfer Push the sliding process, and complete the coal discharge in the top coal caving area 6, and install the log support in the filling area, where the log support is specifically densely arranged logs in the filling area for support.
  • fully mechanized top coal caving working face is supported by fully mechanized mining hydraulic support 1
  • two back support beams are provided behind the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support 1
  • the filling area 5 is simply supported.
  • the back support beam 7 and the The rear of the hydraulic support 1 is hinged and fixed, which is convenient to move the frame and provide operation space for the log support.
  • the rear end of the rear support beam 7 extends above the filling body 10 for temporary fixation. When the frame is moved, the rear support beam 7 is removed from the filling body Pull out above 10.
  • Step D After the filling area reaches the filling step, a filling tarpaulin 2 is provided behind the hydraulic support 1 in the fully mechanized mining, the filling paste is pumped to the filling area through the filling line 8, and the expansion agent is added to the filling paste When filling, the paste is filled in order from bottom to top and solidifies firmly.
  • the expansion agent is added to increase the volume of the filling paste after solidification, and the filling area moves to the two sides and the front and back caving coal area to expand, thereby making the density of the goaf 11 of the adjacent caving coal area containing floating coal and broken gangue Increase, thereby effectively improving the filling rate and roof control capability of the goaf 11.
  • Step E When the working face advances from the caving coal area to the filling area 5, support in front of the fully mechanized caving coal face, erecting log support behind the face, repeat step D; when work When the face advances from the filling area 5 to the top coal caving area 6, after step D of the filling area 5 is completed, the frame shifting and sliding is completed, and the coal caving is completed in the top coal caving area 6; as the working face advances the filling area 5 and the top coal caving Area 6 is staggered to complete the filling and mining of fully mechanized top coal caving face.
  • step A After the filling area reaches the boundary of the filling area range divided by step A, it changes to caving coal area 6 in front of this filling area 5, so coal caving is performed in front of the filling area 5;
  • the anchor net 3, anchor cable and anchor rod 4 continue to be used in front of the fully mechanized hydraulic support 1 for support, and the dense log support is continued in the rear to reach the filling step
  • the dense log support is continued in the rear to reach the filling step
  • step B After filling, follow the above steps to carry out alternating coal caving and filling operations to complete the filling and mining of fully mechanized top coal caving face.
  • the work of pushing and sliding in the filling area and the top coal caving area should be consistent, ensure the continuous advancement of the face, and complete the filling and mining of the fully mechanized top coal caving face.
  • Example 1 On the basis of Example 1, in combination with engineering examples, the filling application for fully mechanized top coal caving face was opened Use methods for further explanation.
  • the underground elevation of a fully mechanized top coal caving face in a mine is -241.3m.
  • the main coal seam is Shanxi Group 3 coal seam.
  • the 3 coal seam has a simple structure, no bifurcation, and a large thickness.
  • the coal seam is stable.
  • the length of the working face is 700m, the inclination length is 150m, the coal seam thickness is 8.5m on average, and the inclination angle is 5 ⁇ 8 °
  • the direct roof is dark gray siltstone, generally 2 ⁇ 3m thick, relatively stable, compressive strength 4 0.53 ⁇ 62.81MPa; the old roof is thick layer of medium-grained sandstone, 10 ⁇ 30m thick, hard rock layer, compressive strength 91.20 ⁇ 131.7MPa .
  • Step A According to the above-mentioned stope geological conditions surrounding rock properties, determine the width of the top coal area 6 is 10m, the width of the filling area 5 is 15m, according to the length of the working surface 150m, the working surface along the tendency is divided into 6 top coal caving areas and 6 filling areas.
  • Step B Combined with the existing production technical conditions of the mine and the direct roof movement parameters of the adjacent fully mechanized top coal caving working face, the circulating filling step distance L is determined to be 3m.
  • Step C Sequentially lay a 5xl.0m specification metal anchor net 3 in front of the fully mechanized hydraulic support 1 of the working face in the filling area, the length of the mesh overlap is 500mm, and the specification mesh is used every 0.2m at the overlap Buckle up.
  • the anchor rod will continue to be reinforced in the filling area 5.
  • the top coal is normally laid in the top coal caving area, and the top coal is not placed in the filling area 5 and supported.
  • the hydraulic support 1 behind the fully mechanized mining within the range of the filling area 5 is protected by the rear support beam 7 In the area, along with the advancement of the hydraulic support 1 of the comprehensive mining, the logs are arranged in rows for dense support.
  • Step D After reaching the filling step L, a filling tarpaulin is set in turn behind the hydraulic support in the area to be filled along the working surface tendency to form a closed filling space. After the setting of the filling tarpaulin 2 is completed, the gypsum body prepared by the ground filling station is pumped to the filling area through the filling pipeline 8 in the working face for filling.
  • Step E In the filling area 5 of the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support 1, continue to use anchor nets 3, anchor cables and anchor rods 4 to support, and continue to use dense log support at the rear to fill after reaching the filling step;
  • the roof In the top coal caving area, the roof can be pre-cracked to facilitate the coal caving. During the period, the filling area 5 and the top caving coal area 6 are moved and pushed in the same way to ensure the continuous advancement of the working face, and the fully mechanized top coal caving face is completed. Fill mining.
  • the fully mechanized top coal caving working face of a mine has a strike length of 800m and a tendency length of 200m.
  • the thickness of the coal seam on the working face is 9m on average, it is a stable coal seam, and the coal seam inclination angle is 9 ° on average.
  • the direct roof is mudstone with an average thickness of 1.4m, and the average unidirectional compressive strength is 47.7MPa.
  • the basic top is fine sandstone with an average thickness of 3.0m, and the average unidirectional compressive strength is 119.8MPa.
  • the direct bottom is mudstone with an average thickness of 2.4m, and the average unidirectional compressive strength is 47.7MPa.
  • the basic bottom is fine sandstone with an average thickness of 3.9m, and the average unidirectional compressive strength is 119.8MPa.
  • Step A According to the mining depth 300m, mining thickness 3.8m, coal caving 5.2m and basic roof first pressure step 23m, the width of the caving coal area is determined to be 15m, the filling is calculated and preferably compared The width of the area 5 is 25m. According to the working face length of 200m, the working face is divided into 5 top coal caving areas and 5 filling areas along the tendency.
  • Step B According to the daily advance distance of 3m in the fully mechanized top coal caving face, the circulating filling step distance L is determined to be 3m.
  • Step C Sequentially lay stubble 5xl.0m metal anchor mesh 3 in front of the fully mechanized mining hydraulic support 1 in the working area within the filling area 5 and the lap length of the mesh is 500mm, every 0.2m at the lap Connect with a standard mesh button.
  • the anchor rod 4 will continue to be hit in the area of the filling area 4 to strengthen the support.
  • the top coal is normally laid in the top coal area 6 and the top coal is not laid and supported in the area 5 of the filling area. Set up logs for intensive support. If the log supports are not effective, replace the single hydraulic props for support.
  • Step D After the filling area 5 reaches the filling step L, a filling tarpaulin 2 is provided behind the fully-mechanized hydraulic support 1 in the area to be filled along the working surface tendency in order to form a closed filling space.
  • the gangue filling paste prepared by the ground filling station is pumped to the filling area 5 for filling through the filling pipeline 8 in the fully mechanized top coal caving face, where the filling paste is added with an expansion agent
  • Step E With the advancement of the working face, when the filling reaches the boundary of the filling division area, the top coal is alternately replaced, and the filling area 5 and the top coal area 6 are replaced within the working face, that is, the width of the filling zone 5 It is 15m, and the width of the unfilled area is 10m.

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Abstract

一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法，该方法包括：A.将综采放顶煤工作面沿工作面走向划分为充填区域和放顶煤区域，或者将工作面沿走向和倾向划分充填区域和放顶煤区域；B.确定工作面循环步距；C.在工作面前方对充填区域进行支护，放顶煤区域完成放煤后，在充填区域架设圆木支护；D.充填区域达到充填步距后，在液压支架后方设置充填篷布，泵送充填膏体；E.重复步骤C和步骤D，完成开采。该方法解决了综采顶煤工作面顶板控制以及放顶煤开采地表变形的技术问题。

Description

一种用于综釆放顶煤工作面的充填幵釆方法 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及采矿工程技术领域， 尤其是一种用于综采放顶煤工作面的分区域放 煤和充填开采方法。
背景技术
[0002] 目前， 在综采放顶煤开采中， 采空区的顶板采用垮落法处理， 由于顶板垮落会 造成地表沉陷， 尤其是厚度较大的煤层开采， 地表沉陷造成建筑物、 地面交通 实施以及地表水的破坏。 同时放顶煤开采产生的大量矸石堆积后会造成环境污 染。 充填开采是目前解决地表沉陷问题的有效方法， 尤其是矸石充填工艺既能 消化矸石还能有效的减少地表沉陷。 但是由于综采放顶煤开采过程中顶煤垮落 ， 并且采空区的矿压显现等情况复杂， 可实施充填的空间小， 充填难度大。 因 此， 综采放顶煤工作面的充填需要对开采方法整体进行涉及， 需要提出适用于 综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法。
发明概述
技术问题
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0003] 为解决综采放顶煤工作面顶板控制以及放顶煤开采地表变形大的技术问题， 本 发明提供了一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法， 具体技术方案如下
[0004] 一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法， 步骤包括：
[0005] A.将综采放顶煤工作面沿工作面走向划分为充填区域和放顶煤区域， 所述充填 区域和放顶煤区域的长度等于工作面走向长度， 充填区域和放顶煤区域宽度之 和等于工作面宽度； 所述充填区域和放顶煤区域相邻；
[0006] B.确定工作面循环步距；
[0007] C.在综采放顶煤工作面前方对步骤 A中划分的充填区域进行支护， 完成移架推 溜工序， 在放顶煤区域完成放煤， 在充填区域架设圆木支护；
[0008] D.充填区域达到充填步距后， 在液压支架后方设置充填篷布， 泵送充填膏体至 充填区域；
[0009] E.重复步骤 C和步骤 D， 完成综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采。
[0010] 一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法， 步骤包括：
[0011] A.将综采放顶煤工作面沿走向和倾向划分充填区域和放顶煤区域， 所述充填区 域和放顶煤区域呈矩形并且交错布置， 沿工作面走向和倾向分别划分多个充填 区域和放顶煤区域； 所述充填区域和放顶煤区域相邻；
[0012] B ·确定工作面循环步距；
[0013] C.在综采放顶煤工作面前方对步骤 A中划分的充填区域进行支护， 完成移架推 溜工序， 在放顶煤区域完成放煤， 在充填区域架设圆木支护；
[0014] D.充填区域达到充填步距后， 在液压支架后方设置充填篷布， 泵送充填膏体至 充填区域；
[0015] E.当工作面由放顶煤区域推进至充填区域时， 在综采放顶煤工作面前方进行支 护， 在工作面后方架设圆木支护， 重复步骤 D; 当工作面由充填区域推进至放顶 煤区域时， 在充填区域完成步骤 D后， 完成移架推溜， 在放顶煤区域完成放煤； 随工作面推进充填区域和放顶煤区域交错设置， 完成综采放顶煤工作面的充填 开采。
[0016] 优选的是， 综采放顶煤工作面布置在厚度均匀的硬煤层中； 放顶煤区域长度和 宽度小于基本顶初次来压步距。
[0017] 优选的是， 工作面循环步距具体是根据综采放顶煤工作面的日推进距离确定。
[0018] 优选的是， 支护包括设置锚杆、 锚索和锚网联合支护， 所述圆木支护包括均匀 排列由立柱和横梁组成的圆木支护。
[0019] 优选的是， 综采放顶煤工作面采用综采液压支架支护， 综采液压支架后方设置 有 2根后支护梁。
[0020] 进一步优选的是， 后支护梁和综采液压支架后方铰接固定， 后支护梁的后端伸 至充填体上方。
[0021] 还进一步优选的是， 充填膏体中含有膨胀剂， 膨胀剂为硫铝酸钙膨胀剂， 膨胀 剂的成分包含钙矾石。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0022] 本发明的有益效果包括：
[0023] ( 1) 将综采放顶煤工作面划分为若干个充填区域和放顶煤区域， 充填区域和 放顶煤区域相邻布置， 从而能有效的控制顶板下沉， 减小地表沉降； 另外充填 区域和放顶煤区域交错布置， 进一步的划分了充填区域和放顶煤区域， 有利于 形成的“三角形”的控顶结构从而稳定性更强。
[0024] (2) 在充填区域先利用锚网、 锚索和锚杆结构进行支护， 再在综采液压支架 后方设置圆木支护， 保证了在采空区形成一个稳定、 有效和安全的充填空间， 从而可以使用充填篷布将充填膏体隔离在充填区域。 利用充填区域和放煤区域 交错布置， 形成交错的充填区域， 从而能够进一步的加强充填支护效果。
[0025] (3) 为适应该充填开采方法， 在综采液压支架后方设置后支护梁， 方便了规 范化操作并进一步的保证了施工安全； 尤其是在充填区域和放顶煤区域交错布 置时， 保证了工作面推进过程中由充填区域变为放顶煤区域时放顶煤施工的安 全。
[0026] (4) 在充填膏体中添加膨胀剂， 从而使充填膏体凝固后体积增大， 充填区域 向两侧不充填区域移动扩大， 进而使含有浮煤和破碎矸石的不充填区域的密度 增大， 可有效提高采空区的充实率和控顶能力。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0027] 图 1是综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法充填区域划分示意图；
[0028] 图 2是综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法充填区域交错划分示意图；
[0029] 图 3是图 1的工作面支护结构剖面示意图；
[0030] 图 4是图 2的工作面支护结构剖面示意图；
[0031] 图中： 1-综采液压支架； 2 -充填篷布； 3 -锚网； 4 -锚杆； 5 -充填区域； 6 -放顶煤 区域； 7 -后支护梁； 8 -充填管路； 9 -顶煤； 10-充填体； 11-采空区； 12 -顺槽。 发明实施例
本发明的实施方式
[0032] 结合图 1至图 4所述， 本发明提供的一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方 法， 具体实施方式如下。
[0033] 实施例 1
[0034] 如图 1和图 3所示， 一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法具体施工步骤 包括：
[0035] 步骤 A.当综采放顶煤工作面布置在厚度均匀的硬煤层中， 并且工作面内无较大 断层时，将综采放顶煤工作面沿工作面走向划分为充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6。 充 填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6的长度等于工作面走向长度， 充填区域 5和放顶煤区 6域 宽度之和等于工作面宽度， 并保证放顶煤区域长度和宽度小于基本顶初次来压 步距， 其中充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6相邻。 将综采放顶煤工作面划分为若干个 充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6 , 充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6呈条带状相邻布置， 从而 减小放顶煤的面积， 能有效的控制顶板下沉， 减小地表沉降。
[0036] 步骤 B.确定综采放顶煤工作面的循环步距， 根据工作面的来压和计算确定直接 顶的运动参数， 工作面循环步距具体是根据综采放顶煤工作面的日推进距离确 定。
[0037] 步骤 C.在综采放顶煤工作面前方对步骤 A中划分的充填区域进行支护， 支护包 括在综采液压支架 1前方的顶板位置设置锚杆 4、 锚索和锚网 3联合支护顶板。 期 间根据放顶煤区域开采顶板离层情况调整锚杆锚索设置间距， 也可以只用锚杆 和锚网支护， 当锚杆锚网支护效果不能满足要求时， 加设锚索进行支护。 完成 移架推溜工序， 并在放顶煤区域 6内完成放煤， 在充填区域 5架设圆木支护， 圆 木支护具体是在充填区域密布均匀排列圆木进行支护。 另外， 在综采液压支架 的选取上， 充填区域的综采液压支架可以不具备放煤的功能， 但是便于充填； 放顶煤区域的综采液压支架具有放煤的功能， 可以选用综采放顶煤液压支架。
[0038] 步骤 D.当充填区域 5达到充填步距后， 在综采液压支架 1后方设置充填篷布 2， 充填篷布 2将充填区域 5和工作面支架的区域隔离， 通过充填管路 8泵送充填膏体 至充填区域 5。 充填管路 8布置在顺槽 12内， 经过工作面液压支架下方， 到达各 个充填部位， 从充填篷布 2上方的入口将充填膏体送至待充填的区域。 充填篷布 2在设置的时候， 需保证充填篷布 2的高度大于充填的高度， 保证充填篷布 2的底 边和底板紧密接触。 在充填膏体中添加膨胀剂， 添加膨胀剂从而使充填膏体凝 固后充填体 10体积增大， 充填区域 5向两侧的放顶煤区域 6移动扩大， 进而使含 有浮煤和破碎矸石的放顶煤区域 6的采空区密度增大， 进而有效提高采空区 11的 充实率和控顶能力。 其中膨胀剂为硫铝酸钙膨胀剂， 膨胀剂的成分包含钙矾石 ， 膨胀剂主要以石膏和铝矿石为主要材料， 经煅烧制作而成。 充填膏体选用硫 铝酸钙膨胀剂、 水泥、 粉煤灰和矸石的组合， 混合物的质量比例为硫铝酸钙膨 胀剂： 水泥： 粉煤灰： 矸石 =0.5: 1:4:6。
[0039] 步骤 E.重复步骤 C和步骤 D， 在充填区域 5的综采放工作面前方继续采用锚网、 锚索和锚杆以支护， 后方继续使用圆木密集支护， 达到充填步距后进行充填； 在放顶煤区域 6可以对顶板进行预裂从而方便放煤， 期间保持充填区域和放顶煤 区域移架推溜工作的一致， 保证工作面连续推进， 完成综采放顶煤工作面的充 填开采。 圆木可以选用 2根立柱和 1条横梁的结构， 将圆木设置后形成可靠的施 工空间。 另外在矿山压力大的地方， 还可以选用单体液压支柱代替圆木进行支 护。 由于充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6相邻并呈条带状布置， 所以便于规范化操作 ， 充填区域连续且方便充填管道的布置。
[0040] 如图 2和图 4所示， 充填区域和放煤区域交错布置时， 应用于综采放顶煤工作面 的充填开采方法具体施工步骤包括：
[0041] 步骤 A.综采放顶煤工作面布置在厚度均匀的硬煤层中， 并且工作面内无较大断 层时，将综采放顶煤工作面沿工作面走向划分为充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6。 充填 区域 5和放顶煤区域 6呈矩形并且交错布置， 沿工作面走向和倾向分别划分多个 充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6， 其中放顶煤区域 6的长度和宽度小于基本顶的初次来 压步距， 从而保证放顶安全， 充填区域和放顶煤区域相邻。 利用充填区域和放 煤区域交错布置， 形成交错的充填区域， 从而能够进一步的缩小顶板连续垮落 的面积加强充填支护效果。
[0042] 步骤 B.确定综采放顶煤工作面的循环步距， 根据工作面的来压和计算确定直接 顶的运动参数， 工作面循环步距具体是根据综采放顶煤工作面的日推进距离确 定。
[0043] 步骤 C.在综采放顶煤工作面前方对步骤 A中划分的充填区域 5进行支护， 该支护 包括设置锚杆 4、 锚索和锚网 3联合支护， 完成移架推溜工序， 并在放顶煤区域 6 完成放煤， 在充填区域架设圆木支护， 其中圆木支护具体是在充填区域密布均 匀排列圆木进行支护。 另外综采放顶煤工作面使用综采液压支架 1支护， 在综采 液压支架 1后方设置有 2根后支护梁， 对充填区域 5进行简单的支护， 后支护梁 7 和综采液压支架 1后方铰接固定， 方便移架并为圆木支护提供操作空间， 后支护 梁 7的后端伸至充填体 10上方临时固定， 移架时将后支护梁 7从充填体 10上方抽 出。
[0044] 步骤 D.充填区域达到充填步距后， 在综采液压支架 1后方设置充填篷布 2, 通过 充填管路 8泵送充填膏体至充填区域， 并在充填膏体中添加膨胀剂， 充填时膏体 自下而上依次充入并凝结牢固。 添加膨胀剂从而使充填膏体凝固后体积增大， 充填区域向两侧以及前后的放顶煤区域移动扩大， 进而使含有浮煤和破碎矸石 的相邻放顶煤区域的采空区 11密度增大， 进而有效提高采空区 11的充实率和控 顶能力。
[0045] 步骤 E.当工作面由放顶煤区域推进至充填区域 5时， 在综采放顶煤工作面前方 进行支护， 在工作面后方架设圆木支护， 重复步骤 D; 当工作面由充填区域 5推 进至放顶煤区域 6时， 在充填区域 5完成步骤 D后， 完成移架推溜， 在放顶煤区域 6完成放煤； 随工作面推进充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6交错设置， 完成综采放顶煤 工作面的充填开采。 具体是， 充填区域达到步骤 A划分的充填区域范围边界后， 在该充填区域 5前方变化为放顶煤区域 6， 因此在充填区域 5前方进行放煤； 在放 顶煤区域 6的综采液压支架 1推进到达到放顶煤区域 6的边界后， 在综采液压支架 1前方继续采用锚网 3、 锚索和锚杆 4以支护， 后方继续使用圆木密集支护， 达到 充填步距后进行充填； 根据上述步骤进行交替式放煤和充填作业， 完成综采放 顶煤工作面的充填开采。 在工作面推进过程中保持充填区域和放顶煤区域移架 推溜工作的一致， 保证工作面连续推进， 完成综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采。
[0046] 实施例 2
[0047] 在实施例 1的基础上， 结合工程实例， 对该应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开 采方法作进一步的说明。 某矿综采放顶煤工作面井下标高为 -241.3m， 主采煤层 为山西组 3煤层， 3煤煤层结构简单， 无分岔现象， 且厚度大， 煤层的层位稳定 。 工作面走向长度为 700m， 倾斜长度 150m， 煤层厚度平均为 8.5m， 倾角 5〜 8°
， 容重 1.38t/m3。 直接顶为深灰色粉砂岩， 一般厚 2〜 3m， 比较稳定， 抗压强度 4 0.53〜 62.81MPa; 老顶为厚层中粒砂岩， 厚 10〜 30m， 岩层坚硬， 抗压强度 91.20 〜 131.7MPa。
[0048] 步骤 A.根据上述的采场地质条件围岩性质， 确定放顶煤区域 6的宽度为 10m， 充 填区域 5的宽度为 15m， 根据工作面长度 150m， 将工作面沿倾向交替划分为 6个 放顶煤区域和 6个充填区域。
[0049] 步骤 B.结合该矿井的现有生产技术条件和相邻综采放顶煤工作面直接顶运动参 数， 确定循环充填步距 L为 3m。
[0050] 步骤 C.依次在充填区域范围内工作面综采液压支架 1前方压茬铺设 5xl.0m规格 的金属锚网 3， 网片搭接长度 500mm， 在搭接处每 0.2m用规格网扣连接起来。 充 填区域 5范围内金属锚网 3铺设完毕后， 在充填区域 5内继续打锚杆加强支护。 工 作面移架推溜完成后， 在放顶煤区域正常放顶煤， 充填区域 5不放顶煤并进行支 护， 在充填区域 5范围内综采液压支架 1后方， 后支护梁 7保护区域， 随综采液压 支架 1推进逐排打设圆木进行密集支护。
[0051] 步骤 D.到达充填步距 L后， 沿工作面倾向依次在待充填区域的液压支架后方设 置充填篷布， 形成封闭的充填空间。 充填篷布 2设置完毕后， 通过工作面内的充 填管路 8将地面充填站制备的矸石膏体泵送到充填区域进行充填。
[0052] 步骤 E.在充填区域 5的综采液压支架 1前方继续采用锚网 3、 锚索和锚杆 4以支护 ， 后方继续使用圆木密集支护， 达到充填步距后进行充填； 在放顶煤区域可以 对顶板进行预裂从而方便放煤， 期间保持充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6移架推溜工 作的一致， 保证工作面连续推进， 完成综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采。
[0053] 实施例 3
[0054] 在实施例 1的基础上， 结合工程实例， 对该应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开 采方法作进一步的说明。 某矿综采放顶煤工作面， 工作面的走向长度为 800m， 倾向长度为 200m。 工作面煤层厚度平均 9m， 属稳定煤层， 煤层倾角平均为 9°， 其直接顶为平均厚度 1.4m的泥岩， 平均单向抗压强度为 47.7MPa。 基本顶为平均 厚度 3.0m的细砂岩， 平均单向抗压强度为 119.8MPa。 直接底为平均厚度 2.4m的 泥岩， 平均单向抗压强度为 47.7MPa， 基本底为平均厚度 3.9m的细砂岩， 平均单 向抗压强度为 119.8MPa。
[0055] 步骤 A.根据采场采深 300m、 采厚 3.8m、 放煤 5.2m及基本顶初次来压步距 23m， 确定放顶煤区域的宽度为 15m， 经计算并优选比较得出充填区域 5的宽度为 25m 。 根据工作面的长度 200m， 将工作面沿倾向交错划分为 5个放顶煤区域和 5个充 填区域。
[0056] 步骤 B.根据综采放顶煤工作面的日推进距离 3m， 确定循环充填步距 L为 3m。
[0057] 步骤 C.依次在充填区域 5范围内工作面综采液压支架 1前方压茬铺设 5xl.0m规格 的金属锚网 3， 网片的搭接长度为 500mm， 在搭接处每 0.2m用规格网扣连接起来 。 充填区域 5范围内金属锚网 3铺设完毕后， 在充填区域 5范围内继续打锚杆 4加 强支护。 工作面移架推溜完成后， 放顶煤区域 6范围内正常放顶煤， 充填区域 5 范围内不放顶煤并进行支护， 在充填区域范围内综采液压支架 1后方随回采逐排 打设圆木进行密集支护， 圆木支护支撑效果不好时， 更换单体液压支柱进行支 护。
[0058] 步骤 D.在充填区域 5到达充填步距 L后， 沿工作面倾向依次在待充填区域的综采 液压支架 1后方设置充填篷布 2, 形成封闭的充填空间。 充填篷布 2设置完毕后， 通过综采放顶煤工作面内的充填管路 8将地面充填站制备的矸石充填膏体泵送到 充填区域 5进行充填， 其中充填膏体中添加有膨胀剂， 膨胀剂在膏体中的的质量 比例为硫铝酸钙膨胀剂： 水泥： 粉煤灰： 矸石 =0.5: 1:4:6。
[0059] 步骤 E.随着工作面的推进， 当充填达到充填划分区域边界后， 交替进行放顶煤 ， 工作面范围内更换充填区域 5和放顶煤区域 6 , 即以充填带 5的宽度为 15m， 未 充填区域的宽度为 10m， 重复第四步、 第五步形成交错式充填放顶煤开采， 开采 结束后， 经监测地表的变形很小， 验证了充填对地表沉陷控制的效果。
[0060] 当然， 上述说明并非是对本发明的限制， 本发明也并不仅限于上述举例， 本技 术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、 改型、 添加或替换， 也应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 i] 一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法， 其特征在于， 步骤包 括：
A.将综采放顶煤工作面沿工作面走向划分为充填区域和放顶煤区域， 所述充填区域和放顶煤区域的长度等于工作面走向长度， 充填区域和 放顶煤区域宽度之和等于工作面宽度； 所述充填区域和放顶煤区域相 邻；
B.确定工作面循环步距；
C.在综采放顶煤工作面前方对步骤 A中划分的充填区域进行支护， 完 成移架推溜工序， 在放顶煤区域完成放煤， 在充填区域架设圆木支护
D.充填区域达到充填步距后， 在液压支架后方设置充填篷布， 泵送充 填膏体至充填区域；
E.重复步骤 C和步骤 D， 完成综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采。
[权利要求 2] —种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法， 其特征在于， 步骤包 括：
A.将综采放顶煤工作面沿走向和倾向划分充填区域和放顶煤区域， 所 述充填区域和放顶煤区域呈矩形并且交错布置， 沿工作面走向和倾向 分别划分多个充填区域和放顶煤区域； 所述充填区域和放顶煤区域相 邻；
B.确定工作面循环步距；
C.在综采放顶煤工作面前方对步骤 A中划分的充填区域进行支护， 完 成移架推溜工序， 在放顶煤区域完成放煤， 在充填区域架设圆木支护
D.充填区域达到充填步距后， 在液压支架后方设置充填篷布， 泵送充 填膏体至充填区域；
E.当工作面由放顶煤区域推进至充填区域时， 在综采放顶煤工作面前 方进行支护， 在工作面后方架设圆木支护， 重复步骤 D; 当工作面由 充填区域推进至放顶煤区域时， 在充填区域完成步骤 D后， 完成移架 推溜， 在放顶煤区域完成放煤； 随工作面推进充填区域和放顶煤区域 交错设置， 完成综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方 法， 其特征在于， 所述综采放顶煤工作面布置在厚度均匀的硬煤层中 ; 所述放顶煤区域的长度和宽度小于基本顶初次来压步距。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方 法， 其特征在于， 所述工作面循环步距具体是根据综采放顶煤工作面 的日推进距离确定。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方 法， 其特征在于， 所述支护包括设置锚杆、 锚索和锚网联合支护， 所 述圆木支护包括均匀排列由立柱和横梁组成的圆木支护。
[权利要求 6] 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方 法， 其特征在于， 所述综采放顶煤工作面采用综采液压支架支护， 综 采液压支架后方设置有 2根后支护梁。
[权利要求 7] 根据权利要求 6所述的一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方法 ， 其特征在于， 所述后支护梁和综采液压支架后方铰接固定， 后支护 梁的后端伸至充填体上方。
[权利要求 8] 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的一种应用于综采放顶煤工作面的充填开采方 法， 其特征在于， 所述充填膏体中含有膨胀剂， 膨胀剂为硫铝酸钙膨 胀剂， 膨胀剂的成分包含钙矾石。
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