CN101864987B - 一种大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法 - Google Patents
一种大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101864987B CN101864987B CN2010102043060A CN201010204306A CN101864987B CN 101864987 B CN101864987 B CN 101864987B CN 2010102043060 A CN2010102043060 A CN 2010102043060A CN 201010204306 A CN201010204306 A CN 201010204306A CN 101864987 B CN101864987 B CN 101864987B
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Abstract
一种大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法，在回采工作面后部的留巷侧架设密集单体支柱，使回采工作面后部的巷道空间保留，沿密集单体支柱架设防倒戗柱，并在密集单体支柱的靠近采空区一侧铺设钢筋网与高强纤维布，构筑拦截采空区矸石结构；采空区冒落矸石沿大倾角底板岩层在自重作用下自行下滑至钢筋网和高强纤维布组成的阻挡矸石结构，等待矸石堆积到一定程度，对靠近留巷侧的部分冒落矸石进行注浆胶结加固，形成充填墙体，随工作面的推进，依次循环，直至完成整个沿空留巷充填墙体构筑。其方法简单，工作效率高，形成的充填墙体强度高，经济实用，适用于大倾角条件下沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑。
Description
一种大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及沿空留巷充填墙构筑方法，尤其是一种适用于煤层倾角α >20°条件下的大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法。
背景技术
[0002] 沿空留巷是指采煤工作面采过以后，将为本工作面的服务的巷道保留下来为下个工作面服务的一种回采巷道的准备方式。它作为一种比较先进的采煤方法，不仅可以合理开发煤炭资源、改善巷道围岩受力、减少巷道掘进量，而且有利于矿井安全生产和改善矿井的经济技术效果。
[0003] 现行的大倾角煤层沿空留巷工艺，主要是利用充填支架或者其它类型模板充填高水速凝材料，这样不仅工艺复杂，而且需要大量的人力物力，劳动强度大，施工速度慢；刚性模板不易随顶底板坡度面起伏的变化而变化，容易导致密闭不严，灌注过程中容易漏浆；充填材料强度较低，一般充填后的强度不超过lOMPa，而且裸露后极易风化，风化后强度变得很低。
发明内容
[0004] 技术问题；本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足，提供一种方法简单，效率高， 省时省力，施工速度快，密闭性能好的大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法。
[0005] 技术方案：本发明的大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体构筑方法，具体步骤如下：
[0006] 步骤一、随回采工作面液压支架向前推进一个截深，在回采工作面后部回采巷道靠采空区侧密集架设单体支柱，在单体支柱的底部设置防穿底的垫板，其顶部设置铰接顶梁，用拉杆将各单体支柱相互连接在一起，并在每个单体支柱外侧架设工字钢防倒戗柱，然后在靠采空区侧沿煤层底板至煤层顶板全断面铺设钢筋网，并在钢筋网的内侧吊挂阻浆纤维布，形成护拦网；
[0007] 步骤二、随着工作面不断向前推进，当采空区冒落顶板矸石沿煤层底板在自重的作用下滑落至密集设置的单体支柱和钢筋网构筑的护拦网、逐渐堆积形成稳定的矸石墙后，在矸石墙体的底部、中部、上部位置等间距埋设注浆锚杆；
[0008] 步骤三、在滞后工作面8〜IOm处对矸石形成的外墙体进行喷浆处理，待喷层凝固后，采用注浆泵分别对每个预埋的注浆锚杆进行注浆，形成矸石胶结充填墙体；
[0009] 步骤四、待矸石胶结充填墙体凝固后，拆除工字钢防倒戗柱、单体支柱、拉杆、垫板和铰接顶梁备用，随工作面的推进依次循环，直至完成整个沿空留巷充填墙体。
[0010] 所述靠采空区侧密集架设的单体支柱的间距约为300mm ；对每个预埋的注浆锚杆进行注浆的深度约为3m，注浆材料选用硫铝酸盐快硬水泥。
[0011] 有益效果：本发明利用采空区冒落矸石在大倾角煤层底板自行下滑的特性，借助钢筋网和高强纤维布体系阻挡采空区冒落矸石并注浆形成充填墙体，这样节约了大量的支护材料和充填材料，所形成的充填墙体宽度大，提高沿空巷道的支护系统强度。其方法简
3单，施工方便，劳动效率高，节约大量的支护材料和充填材料，较当前的利用模板浇筑充填墙的方式具有技术上和经济上的双重优越性。可广泛应用于煤矿、冶金矿山、国防等大倾角 (煤层倾角α >20° )条件下实施沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑。
附图说明
[0012] 图1是本发明的施工布局示意图；
[0013] 图2是图1的A-A剖面示意图；
[0014] 图3是图2中A区局部放大图示意图。
[0015] 图中：1-垫板；2-单体支柱；3-工字钢防倒戗柱；4-拉杆；5-注浆锚杆；6_铰接顶梁；7-钢筋网；8-阻浆纤维布；9-矸石胶结充填墙体；；10-工作面后部回采巷道；11-煤层顶板；12-煤层；13-采空区冒落顶板矸石；14-回采工作面液压支架；15-煤层底板。
具体实施方式
[0016] 下面结合附图对本发明的实施例作进一步的描述：
[0017] 本发明在煤层倾角α >20°的大倾角煤层12回采区域内，首先构筑采空区矸石拦截结构，同时预埋设注浆锚杆，在采空区冒落的矸石自重的作用下滑落至矸石拦截阻挡结构，并逐渐堆积形成稳定的矸石墙后，采用滞后工作面一定距离向矸石墙内注浆，将矸石墙胶结加固成完整的充填墙体。具体步骤如下：
[0018] 1、回采工作面液压支架14向前推进一个截深（约0. 8m)，紧跟回采工作面液压支架14在留巷侧架设间距为300mm的密集单体支柱2，将回采工作面后部回采巷道10进行保护并预留，在密集单体支柱2的顶部铰接顶梁6，用拉杆4将各单体支柱2中部相互连接在一起，各单体支柱2底部均装设有防止单体支柱穿底的垫板1，在每个单体支柱2外侧架设工字钢防倒戗柱3，以防止采空区冒落矸石冲到密集单体支柱结构，提高单体支柱整体稳定性；
[0019] 2、在密集单体支柱2靠采空区侧沿煤层底板15至煤层顶板11全断面铺设钢筋网 7，并在钢筋网外侧挂设阻浆纤维布8，以防止碎矸石的漏落，钢筋网7和阻浆纤维布8上方用铰接顶梁6固定在巷道顶板上，在钢筋网7沿煤层底板15向采空区铺设1〜1. 5m左右、 形成密实的矸石拦截结构；
[0020] 3、随着工作面不断向前推进，当采空区跨落的顶板矸石13沿采空区煤层底板15 在自重的作用下滑落至密集设置的单体支柱2和钢筋网7构筑的拦截阻挡结构、并逐渐堆积形成稳定的矸石墙后，在矸石墙体的底部、中部、上部位置等间距埋设三根注浆锚杆 5(图2中A区所示），注浆锚杆5的间距为矸石墙体高度的三分之一，排距约为1. 2m，注浆锚杆长度约为2. 6m ；
[0021] 4、待采空区冒落矸石沿采空区底板下滑堆积形成稳定的矸石墙结构后，滞后工作面8〜10m，对矸石墙体进行喷浆封闭处理，喷浆材料以普通水泥、黄沙、石子按照1 :2:2 的比例配置完成，喷层厚度为50〜IOOmm ；待喷层凝固后，采用注浆泵分别对每个预埋的注浆锚杆5进行注浆，形成矸石胶结充填墙体9，注浆带深度为3m，注浆材料选用硫铝酸盐快硬水泥；注浆顺序为由煤层底板15向煤层顶板11依次注浆，注浆采用低压缓注的方式，当注浆压力达到约2. OMI^a或发生大量跑浆时，停止注浆，完成一个断面的加固；[0022] 5、待充填后的矸石墙体强度达到设计要求后，回撤先前架设的防倒工字钢戗柱3、 密集单体支柱2、拉杆4、垫板1和铰接顶梁6以备复用；
[0023] 6、随采煤工作面的推进，依次循环上述1〜5的步骤，直至完成整个沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑。
Claims (3)
1. 一种大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法，其特征包括如下步骤：步骤一、随回采工作面液压支架（14)向前推进一个截深，在回采工作面后部回采巷道 (10)靠采空区侧，密集架设单体支柱O)，在单体支柱（¾的底部设置垫板（1)，其顶部设置铰接顶梁（6)，用拉杆（4)将各单体支柱（¾相互连接在一起，并在每个单体支柱（¾外侧架设工字钢防倒戗柱（3)，然后在靠采空区侧，沿煤层底板（1¾至煤层顶板（11)全断面铺设钢筋网（7)，并在钢筋网（7)的内侧吊挂阻浆纤维布（8)，形成护拦网；步骤二、随着工作面不断向前推进，当采空区冒落的顶板矸石（13)沿煤层底板（15)在自重的作用下滑落至密集设置的单体支柱（2)和钢筋网（7)构筑的护拦网、逐渐堆积形成稳定的矸石墙后，在矸石墙体的底部、中部、上部位置等间距埋设注浆锚杆（5)；步骤三、在滞后工作面8〜IOm处对矸石形成的外墙体进行喷浆处理，待喷层凝固后， 采用注浆泵分别对每个预埋的注浆锚杆（¾进行注浆，形成矸石胶结充填墙体（9)；步骤四、待矸石胶结充填墙体（9)凝固后，拆除工字钢防倒戗柱（3)、单体支柱O)、拉杆（4)、垫板（1)和铰接顶梁（6)备用，随工作面的推进依次循环，直至完成整个沿空留巷充填墙体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法，其特征在于：靠采空区侧密集架设的单体支柱O)的间距为300mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的大倾角煤层沿空留巷充填墙体的构筑方法，其特征在于：对每个预埋的注浆锚杆（¾进行注浆的深度为3m，注浆材料选用硫铝酸盐快硬水泥。
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