WO2020093688A1 - 一种耐候桥梁钢及冶炼工艺 - Google Patents

一种耐候桥梁钢及冶炼工艺 Download PDF

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WO2020093688A1
WO2020093688A1 PCT/CN2019/089350 CN2019089350W WO2020093688A1 WO 2020093688 A1 WO2020093688 A1 WO 2020093688A1 CN 2019089350 W CN2019089350 W CN 2019089350W WO 2020093688 A1 WO2020093688 A1 WO 2020093688A1
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furnace
steel
continuous casting
casting
crystallizer
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PCT/CN2019/089350
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李磊
李运辉
李林
吴建永
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南京钢铁股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2020093688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020093688A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
    • C21C7/0645—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of iron and steel smelting, in particular to a weathering bridge steel and a smelting process.
  • low-alloy weathering steel is widely used in steel structures used for long-term exposure to the atmosphere such as railways, vehicles, bridges, towers, photovoltaics, and high-speed engineering. It has become an important material for manufacturing containers, railway vehicles, oil derricks, seaport buildings, oil production platforms and containers containing hydrogen sulfide corrosive media in chemical oil equipment.
  • These weather-resistant bridge steels are subjected to complex and variable cyclic loads, and they also need to adapt to the natural climate environment, thereby placing higher requirements on their indexes such as corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.
  • USS United States Steel Corporation
  • the steel bridge has many advantages, and the weathering steel also has the advantage of anti-rust maintenance.
  • the present invention provides a weather-resistant bridge steel, the chemical composition and mass percentage are as follows: C: 0.36% ⁇ 0.39%, Si: 0.10% ⁇ 0.25%, Mn: 0.65% ⁇ 0.75%, S ⁇ 0.005% , P ⁇ 0.010%, Cr: 0.95% to 1.05%, Ni: 1.00% to 1.10%, Cu: 0.30% to 0.40%, Mo: 0.27% to 0.35%, V: 0.20% to 0.30%, Al: 0.015% ⁇ 0.035%.
  • the present invention precisely controls the organization through the improvement and innovation of composition, rolling and heat treatment processes, thereby obtaining higher performance requirements.
  • a small amount of copper, nickel and other elements are added to increase its corrosion resistance.
  • a small amount of vanadium is added to refine the grains and the uniform structure. It has the characteristics of high-quality steel such as toughness, ductility, forming, welding, abrasion, high temperature, and fatigue resistance.
  • the chemical composition and mass percentage of a weather-resistant bridge steel mentioned above are as follows: C: 0.38%, Si: 0.18%, Mn: 0.70%, S: 0.003%, P: 0.009%, Cr: 0.98%, Ni: 1.02%, Cu: 0.32%, Mo: 0.30%, V: 0.23%, AL: 0.20%.
  • the weathering bridge steel mentioned above has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.38%, Si: 0.20, Mn: 0.72%, S: 0.004%, P: 0.008%, Cr: 1.00%, Ni: 1.03 %, Cu: 0.35%, Mo: 0.31%, V: 0.25%, AL: 0.25%.
  • the chemical composition and mass percentage of a weather-resistant bridge steel mentioned above are as follows: C: 0.37%, Si: 0.17%, Mn: 0.68%, S: 0.003%, P: 0.007%, Cr: 1.02%, Ni: 1.05%, Cu: 0.36%, Mo: 0.29%, V: 0.24%, AL: 0.26%.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a weathering bridge steel smelting process, specifically including: electric furnace smelting process, refining furnace refining process, vacuum furnace degassing process and continuous casting pouring process,
  • molten iron and scrap steel are mixed, of which the molten iron accounts for the total amount of the charge
  • Use cluster oxygen gun to supply oxygen for decarburization and slag dephosphorization.
  • the molten composition is controlled according to P ⁇ 0.006% to reach the tapping temperature
  • the oxygen supply is stopped 2 minutes before tapping, supplemented with deoxidizing furnace protection agent to reduce the oxygen content of molten steel in the electric furnace, aluminum shots are added in the early stage of the alloying process, and the alloy and outsole are stirred for the initial deoxidation of molten steel;
  • the refining furnace adds silicon aluminum calcium diffuse diffusion deoxidation to make white slag, deep deoxidation, desulfurization, adding alloy adjustment components according to the analysis of sampling components, and entering the vacuum temperature After the composition meets the requirements of the steel composition, it is processed in a vacuum furnace;
  • Vacuum furnace degassing process low vacuum Keep for more than 18min, determine hydrogen after breaking vacuum to ensure [H] ⁇ 2ppm, take samples after breaking hydrogen and determine the hydrogen, feed the aluminum wire according to the aluminum composition Stir After feeding the pure calcium rod core wire After stirring time Adding carbon-free covering agent during static stirring Sling temperature Casting on continuous casting;
  • the casting process adopts full protection casting, ladle to tundish adopts long nozzle argon seal protection casting, tundish to crystallizer adopts immersion nozzle to protect pouring, molten steel in the tundish uses carbon-free covering agent, crystallizer Carbon slag;
  • the process control of the continuous casting process includes controlling the cooling intensity, crystallizer vibration and electromagnetic stirring parameters, controlling the continuous casting billet drawing speed and tundish molten steel temperature.
  • the continuous casting constant drawing speed is controlled at 2.0 m / min
  • the superheat of the tundish in the continuous casting furnace is controlled at 25 ° C to 40 ° C
  • the secondary cooling system is used to control the cooling intensity during the continuous casting process
  • the billet is cooled in stages, divided into a primary cooling section and a secondary cooling section.
  • the primary cooling section is cooled by the crystallizer.
  • the liquid level of the mold is fully automatic.
  • the vibration range of the mold is less than 5mm
  • the secondary cooling section adopts aerosol cooling;
  • the electromagnetic stirring parameters are the parameters of the stirring coil of the electromagnetic stirrer used in the solidification end of the crystallizer and casting slab.
  • silicon is an essential element for steelmaking deoxidation, and also has a certain solid solution strengthening effect.
  • silicon is limited to the range of 0.10 to 0.25%;
  • manganese has the effect of delaying the transformation of austenite to ferrite in steel, which is beneficial to refine the structure and improve the strength and toughness; when the content of manganese is low, the above effect is not significant, and the strength and toughness of the steel plate Low, etc., so the manganese content in the present invention is controlled within the range of 0.65-0.75%;
  • chromium is an element that improves the hardenability of steel, can suppress the formation of polygonal ferrite and pearlite, promote the transformation of bainite or martensite at a low temperature structure, and improve the strength of steel; in the low alloy range Internally, it has a great strengthening effect on steel and improves strength, hardness and wear resistance, but too high Cr content will affect the toughness of steel and cause temper brittleness.
  • the chromium content is controlled at 0.95-1.05%;
  • nickel can improve the toughness of steel, at the same time, it can inhibit the corrosion of chloride ions on steel, and it can also improve the thermal embrittlement caused by copper in steel.
  • the large addition of nickel as a precious metal will greatly increase the cost and affect the welding.
  • Performance, according to the requirements to add the appropriate amount, in the present invention, the nickel content is controlled in the range of 1.00 ⁇ 1.10%;
  • copper is an effective element that does not reduce toughness and improve strength, and at the same time improves the weather resistance of steel, but copper will cause thermal embrittlement in steel, so the copper content in the present invention is controlled in the range of 0.30 to 0.40%;
  • Mo increases the hardening energy in the same way as Cr. When added in a large amount, it will increase the cost and reduce the toughness and weldability. It is limited to 0.70% or less; during tempering, carbide particles are formed, which is beneficial to precipitation Strengthening, so the molybdenum content in the present invention is controlled in the range of 0.27 to 0.35%;
  • aluminum is a deoxidizing element and can refine grains. If the aluminum content is too small, the effect is not significant. If the aluminum content is too large, it is easy to form oxide inclusions, so the aluminum content in the present invention is controlled to 0.015 ⁇ 0.035%;
  • vanadium is an excellent deoxidizer for steel. Adding a small amount of vanadium can significantly improve the welding performance of low-alloy steel, can refine the structure grains, improve the strength and toughness, and the carbides formed by vanadium and carbon. High temperature and high pressure can improve the hydrogen corrosion resistance, so the content of vanadium in the present invention is controlled in the range of 0.20 to 0.30%;
  • the gas elements can be controlled to [O] ⁇ 20ppm, [N] ⁇ 80ppm, [H] ⁇ 2ppm, respectively;
  • the superheating temperature 25-40 ° C, constant drawing speed 2.0m / min, secondary cooling, etc. can be used to control the casting straightening temperature above 1000 ° C, effectively avoiding the low temperature area and generating cracks;
  • calcium treatment is carried out by means of wire feeding after vacuum; its function is: deoxidation and desulfurization, calcium has strong affinity with oxygen and sulfur, and it generates CaO and CaS with oxygen and sulfur, Therefore, calcium treatment has a good effect on deep deoxidation and deep desulfurization; the inclusions are denatured, and the clustered Al 2 O 3 inclusions are modified into spherical calcium aluminate (mCaO ⁇ nAl 2 O 3 ) inclusions, which can be improved
  • the mechanical properties of steel are important for small-section wires and strips, which will cause the anisotropic plastic MnS inclusions of the steel to be transformed into spherically distributed CaS (even reducing Mn), and often wrapped with calcium aluminate inclusions; prevent Nozzle nodule, when aluminum cast steel is continuously cast, it is often because of Al 2 O 3 deposited on the nozzle to cause the nozzle clogging, so-called nozzle nodule, mCaO ⁇ n
  • the weather resistant bridge steel provided in this embodiment has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.38%, Si: 0.18%, Mn: 0.70%, S: 0.003%, P: 0.009%, Cr: 0.98%, Ni : 1.02%, Cu: 0.32%, Mo: 0.30%, V: 0.23%, AL: 0.20%.
  • the smelting process includes: electric furnace smelting process, refining furnace refining process, vacuum furnace degassing process and continuous casting pouring process,
  • molten iron and scrap steel are mixed, of which the molten iron accounts for 46% of the total charge of the furnace.
  • Oxygen decarburization and slag dephosphorization are carried out using a cluster oxygen gun.
  • the melting composition is controlled according to P ⁇ 0.006%, reaching the tapping temperature of 1630 Tap out at °C, stop oxygen supply 2 minutes before tapping, add deoxidizing furnace protection agent to reduce the oxygen content of molten steel in the electric furnace, add aluminum pellets in the early stage of tapping alloying process, alloy and outsole stir for initial deoxidation of molten steel;
  • the refining furnace is added with silicon aluminum calcium diffuse diffusion deoxidation to make white slag, deep deoxidation, desulfurization, alloy adjustment components are added according to the analysis of sampling components, and the vacuum temperature is 1635 ° C. After the components meet the requirements of the steel composition, the vacuum furnace is processed;
  • Vacuum furnace degassing process low vacuum Keep for more than 18min, determine hydrogen after breaking vacuum to ensure [H] ⁇ 2ppm, take samples after breaking hydrogen and determine the hydrogen, feed the aluminum wire according to the aluminum composition, and feed the aluminum wire Stir After feeding pure calcium rod core wire for 90m, static stirring time During the static stirring process, 120kg of carbon-free covering agent was added, and the casting temperature was 1555 ° C.
  • Continuous casting casting process the casting process adopts full protection casting, ladle to tundish adopts long nozzle argon seal protection casting, tundish to crystallizer adopts immersion nozzle to protect pouring, molten steel in the tundish uses carbon-free covering agent, crystallizer Carbon slag;
  • the process control of the continuous casting process includes controlling the cooling intensity, mold vibration and electromagnetic stirring parameters, controlling the continuous casting billet drawing speed and tundish molten steel temperature: continuous casting constant drawing speed control 2.0m / min, continuous casting
  • the superheat of the tundish of the open pouring furnace is controlled at 35 °C.
  • the secondary cooling system is used to control the cooling intensity in the continuous casting process.
  • the continuous casting is divided into primary cooling sections and secondary cooling sections.
  • the primary cooling section is the cooling of the crystallizer, the liquid level of the crystallizer adopts automatic liquid level detection, the vibration range of the crystallizer is less than 5mm, and the secondary cooling section adopts aerosol cooling;
  • the electromagnetic stirring parameters are the ones used in the solidification end of the mold and the billet Parameters of the stirring coil of the electromagnetic stirrer.
  • the weather resistant bridge steel provided in this embodiment has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.38%, Si: 0.20, Mn: 0.72%, S: 0.004%, P: 0.008%, Cr: 1.00%, Ni: 1.03%, Cu: 0.35%, Mo: 0.31%, V: 0.25%, AL: 0.25%.
  • the smelting process includes: electric furnace smelting process, refining furnace refining process, vacuum furnace degassing process and continuous casting pouring process,
  • molten iron and scrap steel are mixed, in which the molten iron accounts for 45% of the total charge of the furnace.
  • Oxygen decarburization and slag dephosphorization are carried out using a cluster oxygen gun, and the melting composition is controlled according to P ⁇ 0.006%, reaching the tapping temperature of 1625 Tap out at °C, stop oxygen supply 2 minutes before tapping, add deoxidizing furnace protection agent to reduce the oxygen content of molten steel in the electric furnace, add aluminum pellets in the early stage of tapping alloying process, alloy and outsole stir for initial deoxidation of molten steel;
  • the refining furnace is added with silicon aluminum calcium diffusion diffusion deoxidation to make white slag, deep deoxidation, desulfurization, alloy adjustment components are added according to the analysis of sampling components, and the vacuum temperature is 1632 ° C.
  • the components meet the requirements of steel types and enter the vacuum furnace for processing;
  • Vacuum furnace degassing process low vacuum Keep for more than 18min, determine hydrogen after breaking vacuum to ensure [H] ⁇ 2ppm, take samples after breaking hydrogen and determine the hydrogen, feed the aluminum wire according to the aluminum composition, and feed the aluminum wire Stir After feeding pure calcium rod core wire for 90m, static stirring time During the static stirring process, 140kg of carbon-free coating agent was added, and the casting temperature was 1560 °C, and continuous casting was carried out;
  • Continuous casting casting process the casting process adopts full protection casting, ladle to tundish adopts long nozzle argon seal protection casting, tundish to crystallizer adopts immersion nozzle to protect pouring, molten steel in the tundish uses carbon-free covering agent, crystallizer Carbon slag;
  • the process control of the continuous casting process includes controlling the cooling intensity, mold vibration and electromagnetic stirring parameters, controlling the continuous casting billet drawing speed and tundish molten steel temperature: continuous casting constant drawing speed control 2.0m / min, continuous casting
  • the superheat of the tundish in the open pouring furnace is controlled at 38 °C.
  • the secondary cooling system is used to control the cooling intensity in the continuous casting process.
  • the continuous casting is divided into primary cooling sections and secondary cooling sections.
  • the primary cooling section is the cooling of the crystallizer, the liquid level of the crystallizer adopts automatic liquid level detection, the vibration range of the crystallizer is less than 5mm, and the secondary cooling section adopts aerosol cooling;
  • the electromagnetic stirring parameters are the ones used in the solidification end of the mold and the billet Parameters of the stirring coil of the electromagnetic stirrer.
  • the weather resistant bridge steel provided in this embodiment has the following chemical composition and mass percentage: C: 0.37%, Si: 0.17%, Mn: 0.68%, S: 0.003%, P: 0.007%, Cr: 1.02%, Ni : 1.05%, Cu: 0.36%, Mo: 0.29%, V: 0.24%, AL: 0.26%.
  • the smelting process includes: electric furnace smelting process, refining furnace refining process, vacuum furnace degassing process and continuous casting pouring process,
  • molten iron and scrap steel are blended, of which the molten iron accounts for 50% of the total charge of the furnace.
  • Oxygen decarburization and slag dephosphorization are carried out using a cluster oxygen gun.
  • the melting composition is controlled according to P ⁇ 0.006%, reaching the tapping temperature of 1632 Tap out at °C, stop oxygen supply 2 minutes before tapping, add deoxidizing furnace protection agent to reduce the oxygen content of molten steel in the electric furnace, add aluminum pellets in the early stage of tapping alloying process, alloy and outsole stir for initial deoxidation of molten steel;
  • the refining furnace is added with silicon aluminum calcium diffuse diffusion deoxidation to make white slag, deep deoxidation, desulfurization, alloy adjustment components are added according to the analysis of sampling components, and the vacuum temperature is 1636 ° C. After the components meet the requirements of the steel type, the vacuum furnace is processed;
  • Vacuum furnace degassing process low vacuum Keep for more than 18min, determine hydrogen after breaking vacuum to ensure [H] ⁇ 2ppm, take samples after breaking hydrogen and determine the hydrogen, feed the aluminum wire according to the aluminum composition, and feed the aluminum wire Stir After feeding pure calcium rod core wire for 90m, static stirring time During the static stirring process, 180kg of carbon-free covering agent is added, and the casting temperature is 1558 °C.
  • Continuous casting casting process the casting process adopts full protection casting, ladle to tundish adopts long nozzle argon seal protection casting, tundish to crystallizer adopts immersion nozzle to protect pouring, molten steel in the tundish uses carbon-free covering agent, crystallizer Carbon slag;
  • the process control of the continuous casting process includes controlling the cooling intensity, mold vibration and electromagnetic stirring parameters, controlling the continuous casting billet drawing speed and tundish molten steel temperature: continuous casting constant drawing speed control 2.0m / min, continuous casting
  • the superheat of the tundish of the open pouring furnace is controlled at 33 °C.
  • the secondary cooling system is used to control the cooling intensity in the continuous casting process.
  • the continuous casting is divided into primary cooling sections and secondary cooling sections.
  • the primary cooling section is the cooling of the crystallizer, the liquid level of the crystallizer adopts automatic liquid level detection, the vibration range of the crystallizer is less than 5mm, and the secondary cooling section adopts aerosol cooling;
  • the electromagnetic stirring parameters are the ones used in the solidification end of the mold and the billet Parameters of the stirring coil of the electromagnetic stirrer.
  • the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种耐候桥梁钢，涉及钢铁冶炼技术领域，化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.36％～0.39％，Si:0.10％～0.25％，Mn:0.65％～0.75％，S≤0.005％，P≤0.010％，Cr:0.95％～1.05％，Ni:1.00％～1.10％，Cu:0.30％～0.40％，Mo:0.27％～0.35％，V:0.20％～0.30％，A1:0.015％～0.035％。本发明通过成分、轧制、热处理工艺的改进和创新，精确控制组织，从而获得更高的性能要求，具有优质钢的强韧、塑延、成型、焊割、磨蚀、高温、抗疲劳等特性。

Description

一种耐候桥梁钢及冶炼工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及钢铁冶炼技术领域，特别是涉及一种耐候桥梁钢及冶炼工艺。
背景技术
众所周知，低合金的耐候钢广泛应用于铁道、车辆、桥梁、塔架、光伏、高速工程等长期暴露在大气中使用的钢结构。用于制造集装箱、铁道车辆、石油井架、海港建筑、采油平台及化工石油设备中含硫化氢腐蚀介质的容器等结构件，已成为重要的材料。这些耐候桥梁钢承受的是复杂多变的周期载荷，还需要适应大自然气候环境，从而对其抗腐蚀性和力学性能等指标提出了更高的要求。
通过添加少量合金元素，使其耐大气腐蚀性能获得明显改善的一类低合金钢。它能利用自身在表面形成的锈层，有效阻滞腐蚀介质的渗入和传输，降低在大气环境中的腐蚀速度。1900年人们开始关注不同合金元素对钢材耐大气腐蚀能力的作用；1920年美国钢铁公司(USS)进行大规模的曝晒试验表明，含适量铜、磷、镍、铬元素的低合金钢具有优良的耐大气腐蚀性能；1933年，美国钢铁公司研制成功了CortenB系列耐候钢，其耐腐蚀性能约为碳钢的4-8倍。钢桥具有较多优势，而耐候钢又另有防锈养护的优势。综合投资、运营、养护、维修、废置处理、碳排放、寿命等因素，日本建设省土木研究所的推算结果显示：60年后普通钢桥费用为耐候钢桥1.5倍，100年后在2倍以上。
发明内容
为了解决以上技术问题，本发明提供一种耐候桥梁钢，化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.36％～0.39％，Si:0.10％～0.25％，Mn:0.65％～0.75％，S≤0.005％，P≤0.010％，Cr:0.95％～1.05％，Ni:1.00％～1.10％，Cu:0.30％～0.40％，Mo:0.27％～0.35％，V:0.20％～0.30％，Al:0.015％～0.035％。
技术效果：本发明通过成分、轧制、热处理工艺的改进和创新，精确控制 组织，从而获得更高的性能要求。冶炼时添加少量铜、镍等元素增加其耐腐蚀性，添加少量钒细化晶粒及均匀组织，具有优质钢的强韧、塑延、成型、焊割、磨蚀、高温、抗疲劳等特性。
本发明进一步限定的技术方案是：
前所述的一种耐候桥梁钢，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.38％，Si:0.18％，Mn:0.70％，S:0.003％，P:0.009％，Cr:0.98％，Ni:1.02％，Cu:0.32％，Mo:0.30％，V:0.23％，AL:0.20％。
前所述的一种耐候桥梁钢，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.38％，Si:0.20，Mn:0.72％，S:0.004％，P:0.008％，Cr:1.00％，Ni:1.03％，Cu:0.35％，Mo:0.31％，V:0.25％，AL:0.25％。
前所述的一种耐候桥梁钢，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.37％，Si:0.17％，Mn:0.68％，S:0.003％，P:0.007％，Cr:1.02％，Ni:1.05％，Cu:0.36％，Mo:0.29％，V:0.24％，AL:0.26％。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种耐候桥梁钢冶炼工艺，具体包括：电炉冶炼工序、精炼炉精炼工序、真空炉脱气工序和连铸浇注工序，
电炉冶炼工序中，配入铁水及废钢，其中铁水占炉料总量的
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000001
使用集束氧枪供氧脱碳和造渣脱磷，熔清成分按P≤0.006％控制，达到出钢温度
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000002
出钢，出钢前2分钟停止供氧，补加脱氧护炉剂降低电炉内钢水的氧含量，出钢合金化过程前期加入铝丸，合金及大底搅为钢水初脱氧；
精炼炉精炼工序中，精炼炉加硅铝钙扩散脱氧造白渣，深脱氧，脱硫，根据取样成分分析加入合金调整成分，进真空温度
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000003
成分满足钢种成分要求后进入真空炉处理；
真空炉脱气工序，低真空度
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000004
保持18min以上，破真空后定 氢，保证[H]≤2ppm，破真空定氢后取样，根据铝成分喂入铝线，喂入铝线
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000005
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000006
搅拌
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000007
后喂入纯钙棒包芯线
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000008
后静搅时间
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000010
静搅过程加入无碳覆盖剂
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000011
吊包温度
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000012
上连铸进行浇注；
连铸浇注工序，浇注过程采用全保护浇注，钢包到中间包采用长水口氩封保护浇注，中间包到结晶器采用浸入式水口保护浇注，中包中钢水使用无碳覆盖剂，结晶器中碳保护渣；连铸浇注工序的过程控制包括控制冷却强度、结晶器振动及电磁搅拌参数、控制连铸坯拉速和中间包钢水温度。
进一步的，连铸浇注工序，连铸恒拉速控制2.0m/min，连铸开浇炉中间包过热度控制在25℃～40℃，连铸浇注工序中的控制冷却强度采用二次冷却系统，连铸浇注过程中对铸坯分段冷却，分为一次冷却段、二次冷却段，一次冷却段为结晶器冷却，结晶器液面采用全自动液面检测，结晶器的震程小于5mm，二次冷却段采用气雾冷却；电磁搅拌参数为结晶器、铸坯凝固末端所采用的电磁搅拌器搅拌线圈的参数。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明中硅是炼钢脱氧的必要元素，也具有一定的固溶强化作用，在本发明中将硅限定在0.10～0.25％的范围内；
(2)本发明中锰在钢中具有推迟奥氏体向铁素体转变的作用，对细化组织，提高强度和韧性有利；当锰的含量较低，上述作用不显著，钢板强度和韧性偏低等，故本发明中锰含量控制在0.65～0.75％的范围内；
(3)本发明中铬是提高钢淬透性的元素，能够抑制多边形铁素体和珠光体的形成，促进低温组织贝氏体或马氏体的转变，提高钢的强度；在低合金范围内，对钢具有很大的强化作用，提高强度、硬度和耐磨性，但Cr含量过高将影响钢的韧性，并引起回火脆性，本发明中铬含量控制在0.95～1.05％；
(4)本发明中镍可以提高钢的韧性，同时可以抑制氯离子对钢材的腐蚀，也可以改善铜在钢中引起的热脆性，但是镍是贵重金属大量添加会急剧增加成本，且影响焊接性能，根据要求添加合适量，本发明中镍含量控制在1.00～1.10％的范围内；
(5)本发明中铜是不降低韧性提高强度的有效元素，同时改善钢的耐候性能，但是铜会在钢中引起热脆性，因此本发明中铜含量控制在0.30～0.40％的范围内；
(6)本发明中Mo与Cr同样地使硬化能增加，大量添加时会增加成本，并降低韧性和可焊性，限制在0.70％以下；回火时，形成碳化物颗粒，从而有利于析出强化，因此本发明中钼含量控制在0.27～0.35％的范围内；
(7)本发明中铝是脱氧元素，同时可以细化晶粒，若铝含量过小，效果不显著，若铝含量过大，易形成氧化物夹杂，因此本发明中铝含量控制在0.015～0.035％的范围内；
(8)本发明中钒是钢的优良脱氧剂，加入少量的钒能显著地改善低合金钢的焊接性能，可细化组织晶粒，提高强度和韧性，钒与碳形成的碳化物，在高温高压下可提高抗氢腐蚀能力,因此本发明中钒含量控制在0.20～0.30％的范围内；
(9)本发明中根据耐候桥梁钢的性能要求可将气体元素分别控制在[O]≤20ppm、[N]≤80ppm、[H]≤2ppm；
(10)本发明中通过过热度25～40℃、恒拉速2.0m/min、二次冷却等可将铸坯出拉矫温度控制在大于1000℃以上，有效避开低温区而产生裂纹；
(11)本发明中真空后通过喂丝线方式来进行钙处理；其产生的作用是：脱氧和脱硫，钙与氧及硫均有很强的亲和力，其与氧和硫分别生成CaO及CaS，因此钙处理在深脱氧及深脱硫方面具有良好的作用；夹杂物变性，将群簇状分 布的Al 2O 3夹杂变性成球状分布的铝酸钙(mCaO·nAl 2O 3)夹杂，可以改善钢的机械性能，对于小截面的线材及带钢至关重要，将导致钢材各向异性的塑性MnS夹杂转变为球状分布的CaS(甚至使Mn还原)，并常包裹着铝酸钙夹杂；防止水口结瘤，铝镇静钢在进行连铸时，常常会因为Al 2O 3沉积在水口上而导致水口的堵塞，即所谓的水口结瘤，对钢进行钙处理时，生成的mCaO·nAl 2O 3按组份的不同可分为好几种，如C 2A、C 12A 7、CA、CA 2、CA 6等，这些夹杂具有低熔点的特征，其中的C 12A 7熔点低至1415℃，在钢液温度下为液态夹杂而不会在水口处沉积，从而防止结瘤现象的发生，这些液态球状夹杂还更易上浮，从而在减少钢中总的夹杂方面也带来帮助。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种耐候桥梁钢，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.38％，Si:0.18％，Mn:0.70％，S:0.003％，P:0.009％，Cr:0.98％，Ni:1.02％，Cu:0.32％，Mo:0.30％，V:0.23％，AL:0.20％。
其冶炼工艺，具体包括：电炉冶炼工序、精炼炉精炼工序、真空炉脱气工序和连铸浇注工序，
电炉冶炼工序中，配入铁水及废钢，其中铁水占炉料总量的46％，使用集束氧枪供氧脱碳和造渣脱磷，熔清成分按P≤0.006％控制，达到出钢温度1630℃出钢，出钢前2分钟停止供氧，补加脱氧护炉剂降低电炉内钢水的氧含量，出钢合金化过程前期加入铝丸，合金及大底搅为钢水初脱氧；
精炼炉精炼工序中，精炼炉加硅铝钙扩散脱氧造白渣，深脱氧，脱硫，根据取样成分分析加入合金调整成分，进真空温度1635℃，成分满足钢种成分要求后进入真空炉处理；
真空炉脱气工序，低真空度
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000013
保持18min以上，破真空后定 氢，保证[H]≤2ppm，破真空定氢后取样，根据铝成分喂入铝线，喂入铝线
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000014
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000015
搅拌
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000016
后喂入纯钙棒包芯线90m后静搅时间
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000017
静搅过程加入无碳覆盖剂120kg，吊包温度1555℃上连铸进行浇注；
连铸浇注工序，浇注过程采用全保护浇注，钢包到中间包采用长水口氩封保护浇注，中间包到结晶器采用浸入式水口保护浇注，中包中钢水使用无碳覆盖剂，结晶器中碳保护渣；连铸浇注工序的过程控制包括控制冷却强度、结晶器振动及电磁搅拌参数、控制连铸坯拉速和中间包钢水温度：连铸恒拉速控制2.0m/min，连铸开浇炉中间包过热度控制在35℃，连铸浇注工序中的控制冷却强度采用二次冷却系统，连铸浇注过程中对铸坯分段冷却，分为一次冷却段、二次冷却段，一次冷却段为结晶器冷却，结晶器液面采用全自动液面检测，结晶器的震程小于5mm，二次冷却段采用气雾冷却；电磁搅拌参数为结晶器、铸坯凝固末端所采用的电磁搅拌器搅拌线圈的参数。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种耐候桥梁钢，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.38％，Si:0.20，Mn:0.72％，S:0.004％，P:0.008％，Cr:1.00％，Ni:1.03％，Cu:0.35％，Mo:0.31％，V:0.25％，AL:0.25％。
其冶炼工艺，具体包括：电炉冶炼工序、精炼炉精炼工序、真空炉脱气工序和连铸浇注工序，
电炉冶炼工序中，配入铁水及废钢，其中铁水占炉料总量的45％，使用集束氧枪供氧脱碳和造渣脱磷，熔清成分按P≤0.006％控制，达到出钢温度1625℃出钢，出钢前2分钟停止供氧，补加脱氧护炉剂降低电炉内钢水的氧含量，出钢合金化过程前期加入铝丸，合金及大底搅为钢水初脱氧；
精炼炉精炼工序中，精炼炉加硅铝钙扩散脱氧造白渣，深脱氧，脱硫，根据取样成分分析加入合金调整成分，进真空温度1632℃，成分满足钢种成分要 求后进入真空炉处理；
真空炉脱气工序，低真空度
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000018
保持18min以上，破真空后定氢，保证[H]≤2ppm，破真空定氢后取样，根据铝成分喂入铝线，喂入铝线
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000020
搅拌
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000021
后喂入纯钙棒包芯线90m后静搅时间
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000022
静搅过程加入无碳覆盖剂140kg，吊包温度1560℃上连铸进行浇注；
连铸浇注工序，浇注过程采用全保护浇注，钢包到中间包采用长水口氩封保护浇注，中间包到结晶器采用浸入式水口保护浇注，中包中钢水使用无碳覆盖剂，结晶器中碳保护渣；连铸浇注工序的过程控制包括控制冷却强度、结晶器振动及电磁搅拌参数、控制连铸坯拉速和中间包钢水温度：连铸恒拉速控制2.0m/min，连铸开浇炉中间包过热度控制在38℃，连铸浇注工序中的控制冷却强度采用二次冷却系统，连铸浇注过程中对铸坯分段冷却，分为一次冷却段、二次冷却段，一次冷却段为结晶器冷却，结晶器液面采用全自动液面检测，结晶器的震程小于5mm，二次冷却段采用气雾冷却；电磁搅拌参数为结晶器、铸坯凝固末端所采用的电磁搅拌器搅拌线圈的参数。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种耐候桥梁钢，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.37％，Si:0.17％，Mn:0.68％，S:0.003％，P:0.007％，Cr:1.02％，Ni:1.05％，Cu:0.36％，Mo:0.29％，V:0.24％，AL:0.26％。
其冶炼工艺，具体包括：电炉冶炼工序、精炼炉精炼工序、真空炉脱气工序和连铸浇注工序，
电炉冶炼工序中，配入铁水及废钢，其中铁水占炉料总量的50％，使用集束氧枪供氧脱碳和造渣脱磷，熔清成分按P≤0.006％控制，达到出钢温度1632℃出钢，出钢前2分钟停止供氧，补加脱氧护炉剂降低电炉内钢水的氧含量，出钢合金化过程前期加入铝丸，合金及大底搅为钢水初脱氧；
精炼炉精炼工序中，精炼炉加硅铝钙扩散脱氧造白渣，深脱氧，脱硫，根据取样成分分析加入合金调整成分，进真空温度1636℃，成分满足钢种成分要求后进入真空炉处理；
真空炉脱气工序，低真空度
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000023
保持18min以上，破真空后定氢，保证[H]≤2ppm，破真空定氢后取样，根据铝成分喂入铝线，喂入铝线
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000024
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000025
搅拌
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000026
后喂入纯钙棒包芯线90m后静搅时间
Figure PCTCN2019089350-appb-000027
静搅过程加入无碳覆盖剂180kg，吊包温度1558℃上连铸进行浇注；
连铸浇注工序，浇注过程采用全保护浇注，钢包到中间包采用长水口氩封保护浇注，中间包到结晶器采用浸入式水口保护浇注，中包中钢水使用无碳覆盖剂，结晶器中碳保护渣；连铸浇注工序的过程控制包括控制冷却强度、结晶器振动及电磁搅拌参数、控制连铸坯拉速和中间包钢水温度：连铸恒拉速控制2.0m/min，连铸开浇炉中间包过热度控制在33℃，连铸浇注工序中的控制冷却强度采用二次冷却系统，连铸浇注过程中对铸坯分段冷却，分为一次冷却段、二次冷却段，一次冷却段为结晶器冷却，结晶器液面采用全自动液面检测，结晶器的震程小于5mm，二次冷却段采用气雾冷却；电磁搅拌参数为结晶器、铸坯凝固末端所采用的电磁搅拌器搅拌线圈的参数。
除上述实施例外，本发明还可以有其他实施方式。凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案，均落在本发明要求的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种耐候桥梁钢，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.36％～0.39％，Si:0.10％～0.25％，Mn:0.65％～0.75％，S≤0.005％，P≤0.010％，Cr:0.95％～1.05％，Ni:1.00％～1.10％，Cu:0.30％～0.40％，Mo:0.27％～0.35％，V:0.20％～0.30％，A1:0.015％～0.035％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐候桥梁钢，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.38％，Si:0.18％，Mn:0.70％，S:0.003％，P:0.009％，Cr:0.98％，Ni:1.02％，Cu:0.32％，Mo:0.30％，V:0.23％，AL:0.20％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐候桥梁钢，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.38％，Si:0.20，Mn:0.72％，S:0.004％，P:0.008％，Cr:1.00％，Ni:1.03％，Cu:0.35％，Mo:0.31％，V:0.25％，AL:0.25％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐候桥梁钢，其特征在于，其化学成分及质量百分比如下：C:0.37％，Si:0.17％，Mn:0.68％，S:0.003％，P:0.007％，Cr:1.02％，Ni:1.05％，Cu:0.36％，Mo:0.29％，V:0.24％，AL:0.26％。
  5. 一种耐候桥梁钢冶炼工艺，其特征在于，具体包括：电炉冶炼工序、精炼炉精炼工序、真空炉脱气工序和连铸浇注工序，
    电炉冶炼工序中，配入铁水及废钢，其中铁水占炉料总量的40％～60％，使用集束氧枪供氧脱碳和造渣脱磷，熔清成分按P≤0.006％控制，达到出钢温度1610℃～1680℃出钢，出钢前2分钟停止供氧，补加脱氧护炉剂降低电炉内钢水的氧含量，出钢合金化过程前期加入铝丸，合金及大底搅为钢水初脱氧；
    精炼炉精炼工序中，精炼炉加硅铝钙扩散脱氧造白渣，深脱氧，脱硫，根据取样成分分析加入合金调整成分，进真空温度1630℃～1640℃，成分满足钢种成分要求后进入真空炉处理；
    真空炉脱气工序，低真空度0.5mbar～1mbar保持18min以上，破真空后定氢，保证[H]≤2ppm，破真空定氢后取样，根据铝成分喂入铝线，喂入 铝线40m～60m，搅拌2min～3min后喂入纯钙棒包芯线80m～100m后静搅时间15min～35min，静搅过程加入无碳覆盖剂100kg～200kg，吊包温度1550℃～1570℃上连铸进行浇注；
    连铸浇注工序，浇注过程采用全保护浇注，钢包到中间包采用长水口氩封保护浇注，中间包到结晶器采用浸入式水口保护浇注，中包中钢水使用无碳覆盖剂，结晶器中碳保护渣；连铸浇注工序的过程控制包括控制冷却强度、结晶器振动及电磁搅拌参数、控制连铸坯拉速和中间包钢水温度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种耐候桥梁钢，其特征在于：所述连铸浇注工序，连铸恒拉速控制2.0m/min，连铸开浇炉中间包过热度控制在25℃～40℃，连铸浇注工序中的控制冷却强度采用二次冷却系统，连铸浇注过程中对铸坯分段冷却，分为一次冷却段、二次冷却段，一次冷却段为结晶器冷却，结晶器液面采用全自动液面检测，结晶器的震程小于5mm，二次冷却段采用气雾冷却；电磁搅拌参数为结晶器、铸坯凝固末端所采用的电磁搅拌器搅拌线圈的参数。
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