WO2020083061A1 - 故障识别 - Google Patents

故障识别 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020083061A1
WO2020083061A1 PCT/CN2019/111020 CN2019111020W WO2020083061A1 WO 2020083061 A1 WO2020083061 A1 WO 2020083061A1 CN 2019111020 W CN2019111020 W CN 2019111020W WO 2020083061 A1 WO2020083061 A1 WO 2020083061A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
psu
voltage value
threshold
signal
detection device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/111020
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨平
严春喜
周木子
Original Assignee
新华三技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 新华三技术有限公司 filed Critical 新华三技术有限公司
Priority to EP19876715.4A priority Critical patent/EP3872510B1/en
Priority to US17/287,330 priority patent/US11719757B2/en
Priority to JP2021517047A priority patent/JP7220282B2/ja
Publication of WO2020083061A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020083061A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
    • G01R31/2607—Circuits therefor
    • G01R31/2632—Circuits therefor for testing diodes
    • G01R31/2633—Circuits therefor for testing diodes for measuring switching properties thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/263—Arrangements for using multiple switchable power supplies, e.g. battery and AC
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/28—Supervision thereof, e.g. detecting power-supply failure by out of limits supervision
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/26—Power supply means, e.g. regulation thereof
    • G06F1/30—Means for acting in the event of power-supply failure or interruption, e.g. power-supply fluctuations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/185—Electrical failure alarms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B3/00—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems
    • G08B3/10—Audible signalling systems; Audible personal calling systems using electric transmission; using electromagnetic transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/54—Testing for continuity

Definitions

  • Communication equipment usually includes a PSU (Power Supply Unit).
  • the PSU is a device that converts the voltage connected to an external power supply system to the voltage required by each device in the communication equipment.
  • a large number of communication devices can be connected to the same PDU (Power Distribution Unit, power distribution unit, that is, power distribution socket).
  • the PDU can be connected to an external power supply system through an air circuit breaker (or air switch).
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of communication equipment
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault identification device in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault recognition device in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault recognition device in still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a PSU in a communication device in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a PSU in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of connection between a fault identification device and a PSU in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a PSU in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of connection between a fault identification device and a PSU in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a PSU in another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of connection between a fault identification device and a PSU in still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault identification device in still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a fault recognition device in still another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe various information in this disclosure, the information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.
  • first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as first information.
  • word “if” can be interpreted as "when", or "when”, or "in response to a determination”.
  • the PDU includes multiple socket interfaces, such as socket 1, socket 2, ... socket n.
  • PDU can be connected to multiple communication devices, such as communication device 1, communication device 2, ... communication device n;
  • PSU1 of communication device 1 is connected to socket 1 of PDU,
  • PSU2 of communication device 2 is connected to socket 2 of PDU, ..
  • the PSUn of the communication device n is connected to the socket n of the PDU.
  • the fault identification device may include but is not limited to: a DC power supply, a resistor, a detection device, and a plug interface connected to the detection device.
  • the plug interface may include a first measurement endpoint and a second Measurement endpoint.
  • the positive electrode 211 of the DC power source 21 is connected to the first end 221 of the resistor 22, the second end 222 of the resistor 22 is connected to the first measurement endpoint 23, and the The negative electrode 212 is connected to the second measurement terminal 24.
  • the input pin (ie, input terminal) 251 of the detection device 25 may be connected to the first measurement terminal 23, and the ground pin (ie, ground terminal) 252 of the detection device 25 is connected to the second measurement terminal 24.
  • the DC power supply 21 may be composed of several lithium ion batteries or dry batteries connected in series.
  • the voltage value of the DC power supply 21 can be adjusted, for example, it can be 5 volts (V) or other voltage values, and there is no limitation on this.
  • the resistor 22 may be a single resistor, or may be composed of two resistors connected in series, or may be composed of multiple resistors connected in series, which is not limited.
  • the resistor 22 may be composed of a current limiting resistor and an adjustable resistor connected in series, and the resistance values of the current limiting resistor and the adjustable resistor may be adjusted, and there is no limit to this resistance value.
  • the detection device 25 may include, but is not limited to, a single chip microcomputer, and the type of the detection device 25 is not limited.
  • the detection device 25 is used to realize functions such as signal detection, service processing, and signal output.
  • the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24 are the two measurement endpoints of the fault identification device, which are respectively used to connect the first end of the PSU of the communication device under test (such as AC input FireWire, that is, L-line endpoint) And the second end (such as the zero line of the AC input, that is, the end of the N line).
  • the first end of the PSU of the communication device under test such as AC input FireWire, that is, L-line endpoint
  • the second end such as the zero line of the AC input, that is, the end of the N line.
  • the first measurement endpoint 23 is used to connect with the first end of the PSU
  • the second measurement endpoint 24 is used to connect with the second end of the PSU.
  • the first measurement endpoint 23 is connected to the first end of the PSU of the communication device A, and the second measurement endpoint 24 is connected to the second end of the PSU of the communication device A.
  • the first measurement endpoint 23 is connected to the first end of the PSU of the communication device B, and the second measurement endpoint 24 is connected to the second end of the PSU of the communication device B.
  • the fault identification device may be a handheld device, including a handheld portion 31 and a plug interface 32.
  • the first measurement endpoint 23 is connected to the first end of the PSU of the communication device
  • the second measurement endpoint 24 is connected to the second end of the PSU of the communication device.
  • the plug interface may be an interface that conforms to the International Electrotechnical Commission (English: International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC for short) specification, or may be another type of interface, which is not limited.
  • the fault identification device may further include a switch 26, and the type of the switch 26 is not limited, and may be any type of switch.
  • the first end 261 of the switch 26 is connected to the positive electrode 211 of the DC power source 21, and the second end 262 of the switch 26 is connected to the first end 221 of the resistor 22.
  • the switch 26 can be opened, so that the DC power supply 21 and the resistor 22 are in an off state, and the failure identification device is in a non-working state.
  • the switch 26 is closed, so that the DC power source 21 and the resistor 22 are in a closed state, and the fault identification device is in an operating state.
  • the switch 26 may also be located in other parts of the fault identification device, for example, between the resistor 22 and the input pin 251 of the detection device 25, or between the ground pin 252 of the detection device 25 and the DC power source 21.
  • the present disclosure does not limit the specific position of the switch 26.
  • the number of switches can also be set according to actual needs, such as multiple switches. This disclosure does not limit this.
  • the detection device 25 is used to obtain the voltage value between the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24, and determine whether the PSU of the communication device under test fails according to the voltage value.
  • the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU has not failed, and the second threshold is greater than the first threshold.
  • the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU has failed. Alternatively, if the voltage value is greater than the second threshold, the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU has failed.
  • the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU has a short-circuit fault. If the voltage value is greater than the second threshold, the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU has an open fault.
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a PSU in a communication device.
  • This PSU is just an example, and the common PSU is equivalently simplified. In practical applications, the structure of the PSU is more complicated, and the structure of the PSU is not done. limit.
  • the end point of the PSU's hot line (ie, L line) may be the first end of the PSU, and the end point of the PSU's zero line (ie, N line) may be the second end of the PSU.
  • the first measurement endpoint 23 may be connected to the L-line endpoint of the PSU
  • the second measurement endpoint 24 may be connected to the N-line endpoint of the PSU.
  • the PSU may further include a fuse F1, an equivalent resistance R1, an equivalent capacitance C1 (such as an electrolytic capacitor C1), a switch MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) tube Q1 Four diodes (such as diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4).
  • a fuse F1 an equivalent resistance R1
  • an equivalent capacitance C1 such as an electrolytic capacitor C1
  • diodes such as diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4
  • Application scenario 1 when the PSU does not fail, during the test, the fault identification device connected to the PSU of the communication device under test is powered by DC power.
  • the PSU shown in FIG. 5 can be equivalent to the PSU shown in FIG. 6 is an equivalent circuit of the PSU in a normal state. After connecting the first measurement endpoint 23 of the fault identification device to the L-line endpoint of the PSU and the second measurement endpoint 24 of the fault identification device to the N-line endpoint of the PSU, the new equivalent circuit can be seen in FIG. 7 .
  • U1 U0 * Ra / (Ra + Rb).
  • U1 is the voltage value between the input pin 251 of the detection device 25 and the ground pin 252 of the detection device 25, that is, the voltage value between the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24.
  • U0 is the voltage value of the DC power source 21, such as 5V.
  • the value of Ra is equal to the resistance value of the equivalent resistance R1 of the PSU.
  • Rb is the resistance value of the resistance 22 of the fault identification device. The resistance value of Rb can be set according to experience, and there is no restriction on this.
  • U1 is not a unique value.
  • a voltage interval can be set, and U1 is in the voltage interval.
  • the voltage interval is [first threshold, second threshold].
  • the PSU does not fail, U1 is in the voltage interval [first threshold, second threshold].
  • the detection device 25 detects the voltage value U1 between the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24. If the voltage value U1 is within the voltage interval [first threshold, second threshold], that is, the voltage value U1 is greater than or equal to the first threshold, and the voltage value U1 is less than or equal to the second threshold, the detection device 25 determines that the PSU has not failed.
  • the first threshold and the second threshold may be configured according to experience, the first threshold may be a voltage value indicating a short-circuit fault, and the second threshold may be a voltage value indicating an open-circuit fault, for example, the first threshold may be 1.5 V, the second threshold may be 4.5V.
  • the first threshold and the second threshold here are just an example.
  • the first threshold may also be 2V, and the second threshold may also be 5V.
  • the disclosure does not limit this.
  • the detection device 25 determines that the PSU of the communication device under test has a short-circuit failure.
  • the detection device 25 determines that the PSU of the communication device under test has an open circuit failure.
  • the PSU shown in FIG. 5 can be equivalent to the PSU shown in FIG. 8 is the equivalent circuit of PSU under a short circuit fault.
  • the new equivalent circuit After connecting the first measurement endpoint 23 of the fault identification device to the L-line endpoint of the PSU and the second measurement endpoint 24 of the fault identification device to the N-line endpoint of the PSU, the new equivalent circuit can be seen in FIG. 9 .
  • the voltage value U0 of the DC power source 21 is greater than the sum of the on-voltage of the diode D1 and the on-voltage of the diode D2, so that both the diode D1 and the diode D2 are turned on.
  • U1 Ua + Ub
  • U1 is the voltage value between the input pin 251 of the detection device 25 and the ground pin 252 of the detection device 25, that is, the voltage between the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24 value.
  • Ua is the voltage value on both sides of diode D1
  • Ub is the voltage value on both sides of diode D2
  • Ua and Ub are relatively fixed values, such as 0.7V.
  • the above is just an example. Since the turn-on voltages of the diode D1 and the diode D2 are relatively fixed, the voltage value Ua of the diode D1 and the voltage value Ub of the diode D2 can be used to determine U1, and U1 is a voltage less than the first threshold value.
  • the detection device 25 detects the voltage value U1 between the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24. If the voltage value U1 is less than the first threshold (eg 1.5V), the detection device 25 determines the communication under test The PSU of the device has a short-circuit fault.
  • the first threshold eg 1.5V
  • FIG. 10 is an equivalent circuit of the PSU under an open fault.
  • U1 may be equal to the voltage value U0 of the DC power source 21.
  • U1 is the voltage value between the input pin 251 of the detection device 25 and the ground pin 252 of the detection device 25, that is, the voltage value between the first measurement terminal 23 and the second measurement terminal 24. Therefore, the detection device 25 can determine U1 using the voltage value U0 of the DC power source 21, and U1 can be a voltage value greater than the second threshold.
  • the detection device 25 detects the voltage value U1 between the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24. If the voltage value U1 is greater than the second threshold (eg, 4.5V), the detection device 25 determines that the PSU of the communication device under test has an open circuit failure.
  • the second threshold eg, 4.5V
  • the detection device 25 detects the voltage value U1 between the first measurement endpoint 23 and the second measurement endpoint 24. If the voltage value U1 is in the voltage interval [first threshold, second threshold], the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU of the communication device under test has not failed. If the voltage value U1 is less than the first threshold, the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU of the communication device under test has a short-circuit fault. If the voltage value U1 is greater than the second threshold, the detection device 25 may determine that the PSU of the communication device under test has an open circuit failure.
  • the fault identification device may further include a light emitting diode 27.
  • the first output pin (ie, the first output terminal) 253 of the detection device 25 is connected to the positive electrode of the light emitting diode 27.
  • the negative electrode is connected to the ground.
  • the detection device 25 Based on this, if the voltage value U1 is greater than or equal to the first threshold and the voltage value U1 is less than or equal to the second threshold, the detection device 25 outputs a first signal, and the light emitting diode 27 displays the first color according to the first signal. For example, the first signal may drive the light emitting diode 27 to display the first color. The first color is used to indicate that the PSU has not failed. If the voltage value U1 is less than the first threshold, the detection device 25 outputs a second signal, and the light emitting diode 27 displays a second color according to the second signal. For example, the second signal may drive the light emitting diode 27 to display the second color. The second color is used to indicate that the PSU has a short circuit fault.
  • the detection device 25 If the voltage value U1 is greater than the second threshold, the detection device 25 outputs a third signal, and the light-emitting diode 27 displays a third color according to the third signal.
  • the third signal may drive the light emitting diode 27 to display the third color.
  • the third color is used to indicate that the PSU has an open fault.
  • the first output pin may represent one pin, or may represent multiple pins that constitute a group of buses, and the fault identification device may be connected to the light emitting diode 27 through the bus.
  • the first color may be green, that is, when the light-emitting diode 27 displays green, it means that the PSU has not failed.
  • the second color may be red, that is, when the light-emitting diode 27 displays red, it indicates that the PSU has a short-circuit fault.
  • the third color may be yellow, that is, when the light-emitting diode 27 displays yellow, it indicates that the PSU has an open circuit failure.
  • the light-emitting diode 27 may be a three-color light-emitting diode, that is, the light-emitting diode 27 may display green, red, or yellow, and the light-emitting diode 27 is not limited.
  • the fault identification device may further include a current limiting resistor connected between the first output pin of the detection device 25 and the anode of the light emitting diode 27.
  • the fault recognition device may further include a light-emitting diode L1, a light-emitting diode L2, and a light-emitting diode L3.
  • the light-emitting diode L1 may display red
  • the light-emitting diode L2 may display yellow
  • the light-emitting diode L3 may display green.
  • the detection device 25 is connected to the light-emitting diode L1, the light-emitting diode L2, and the light-emitting diode L3 through the output pin 254, the output pin 255, and the output pin 256, respectively.
  • the detection device 25 may output a signal to the light-emitting diode L3, which is used to drive the light-emitting diode L3 to light up, indicating PSU No failure occurred. If the voltage value U1 is less than the first threshold, the detection device 25 may output a signal to the light-emitting diode L1, which is used to drive the light-emitting diode L1 to light up, indicating that a short circuit fault has occurred in the PSU.
  • the detection device 25 may output a signal to the light-emitting diode L2, which is used to drive the light-emitting diode L2 to light up, indicating that the PSU has an open circuit failure.
  • the above fault identification device may further include: a current limiting resistor r1, a current limiting resistor r2, and a current limiting resistor r3.
  • the current limiting resistor r1 is connected between the anode of the light emitting diode L1 and the output pin 254 of the detection device 25, the current limiting resistor r2 is connected between the anode of the light emitting diode L2 and the output pin 255 of the detection device 25, and the current limiting resistor r3 It is connected between the anode of the light emitting diode L3 and the output pin 256 of the detection device 25.
  • the fault recognition apparatus may further include a sound alarm device (not shown in the figure), and the second output pin (i.e., the second output terminal) of the detection device 25 may be connected to the sound alarm device.
  • the detection device 25 Based on this, if the voltage value U1 is greater than or equal to the first threshold and the voltage value U1 is less than or equal to the second threshold, the detection device 25 does not output a signal, so that the alarm device will not emit an alarm sound, indicating that the PSU has not failed. If the voltage value U1 is less than the first threshold, or the voltage value U1 is greater than the second threshold, the detection device 25 may output a fourth signal, and the sound alarm device emits an alarm sound according to the fourth signal.
  • the fourth signal can drive an audible alarm device to emit an alarm sound, indicating that the PSU has failed.
  • the second output pin may represent one pin, or may represent multiple pins that constitute a group of buses, and the fault identification device may be connected to the sound alarm device through the bus.
  • the fault identification apparatus may further include a display device (the display device is not shown in the figure), and the third output pin (ie, the third output terminal) of the detection device 25 may be connected to the display device.
  • the detection device 25 may output a fifth signal, and the display device displays the first value according to the fifth signal.
  • the fifth signal can drive the display device to display the first value. This first value can be used to indicate that the PSU has not failed.
  • the detection device 25 may output a sixth signal, and the display device displays the second value according to the sixth signal.
  • the sixth signal can drive the display device to display the second value.
  • the second value can be used to indicate that the PSU has a short-circuit fault.
  • the detection device 25 may output a seventh signal, and the display device displays the third value according to the seventh signal.
  • the seventh signal can drive the display device to display the third value.
  • This third value can be used to indicate that the PSU has an open fault.
  • the third output pin may represent one pin, or may represent multiple pins that form a group of buses, and the fault identification device may be connected to the display device through the bus.
  • the fault identification device in the case where the communication device is not normally powered, can be used to effectively locate which communication device has a fault. This allows maintenance personnel to quickly determine the faulty communication equipment, and then process the faulty communication equipment, improve service guarantee capabilities and work efficiency.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present disclosure may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the embodiments of the present disclosure may take the form of computer program products implemented on one or more computer usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer usable program code.
  • computer usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • these computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means,
  • the instruction device implements the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks in one flow or multiple flows in the flowchart and / or one block in the block diagram.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operating steps are performed on the computer or other programmable device to generate computer-implemented processing, which is executed on the computer or other programmable device
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one block or multiple blocks of the flowchart one flow or multiple flows and / or block diagrams.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Abstract

一种故障识别装置包括：检测器件（25）和与所述检测器件（25）连接的插头接口（32），所述插头接口（32）包括第一测量端点（23）和第二测量端点（24）；在对被测通信设备内的PSU进行故障识别时，所述第一测量端点（23）用于与所述PSU的第一端连接，所述第二测量端点（24）用于与所述PSU的第二端连接；所述检测器件（25）获取所述第一测量端点（23）与所述第二测量端点（24）之间的电压值，并根据所述电压值确定所述PSU是否发生故障。

Description

故障识别 背景技术
通信设备(如交换机、路由器、服务器等)通常包括PSU(Power Supply Unit，电源供应单元)，PSU是将连接外部供电系统的电压转换为通信设备内各器件所需电压的装置。可以将大量通信设备连接到同一个PDU(Power Distribution Unit，电源分配单元，即电源分配插座)。PDU可以通过空气断路器(或称为空气开关)与外部供电系统连接。
附图说明
为了更加清楚地说明本公开实施例或者现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对本公开实施例或者现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本公开中记载的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，还可以根据本公开实施例的这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是通信设备的连接示意图；
图2是本公开一种实施方式中的故障识别装置的结构示意图；
图3是本公开另一种实施方式中的故障识别装置的结构示意图；
图4是本公开又一种实施方式中的故障识别装置的结构示意图；
图5是本公开一种实施方式中的通信设备内的PSU的结构示意图；
图6是本公开一种实施方式中的PSU的等效电路示意图；
图7是本公开一种实施方式中的故障识别装置与PSU的连接示意图；
图8是本公开另一种实施方式中的PSU的等效电路示意图；
图9是本公开另一种实施方式中的故障识别装置与PSU的连接示意图；
图10本公开又一种实施方式中的PSU的等效电路示意图；
图11本公开又一种实施方式中的故障识别装置与PSU的连接示意图；
图12本公开再一种实施方式中的故障识别装置的结构示意图；
图13本公开再一种实施方式中的故障识别装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
在本公开使用的术语，仅仅是出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非限制本公开。本公开和权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“所述”和“该”也旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其它含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或者所有可能组合。
应当理解，尽管在本公开可能采用术语第一、第二、第三等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本公开范围的情况下，第一信息也可以被称为第二信息，类似地，第二信息也可以被称为第一信息。取决于语境，此外，所使用的词语“如果”可以被解释成为“在……时”，或者，“当……时”，或者，“响应于确定”。
参见图1所示，交流电通过空气开关与PDU连接。PDU包括多个插座接口，如插座1、插座2、...插座n。PDU可以连接多个通信设备，如通信设备1、通信设备2、...通信设备n；通信设备1的PSU1与PDU的插座1连接、通信设备2的PSU2与PDU的插座2连接、...通信设备n的PSUn与PDU的插座n连接。
当某个通信设备的PSU发生故障时，可能引起空气开关跳闸，从而导致PDU连接的所有通信设备断电，即所有通信设备停止工作。一旦出现这种故障，维护人员就需要快速定位出哪个通信设备的PSU发生故障，继而对故障的PSU进行处理。但是，在传统方式中，无法有效定位出哪个通信设备的PSU发生故障。
本公开实施例中提出一种故障识别装置，该故障识别装置可以包括但不限于：直流电源、电阻、检测器件、与检测器件连接的插头接口，该插头接口可以包括第一测量端点和第二测量端点。
参见图2所示，为该故障识别装置的结构示意图，直流电源21的正极211与电阻22的第一端221连接，电阻22的第二端222与第一测量端点23连接，直流电源21的负极212与第二测量端点24连接。
此外，检测器件25的输入管脚(即输入端)251可以与第一测量端点23连接，且检测器件25的地管脚(即地端)252与第二测量端点24连接。
其中，直流电源21可以由若干个锂离子电池或者干电池串联组成。直流电源21的电压值可以调整，如可以为5伏特(V)或者其它电压值，对此不做限制。
其中，电阻22可以是单个电阻，也可以由两个电阻串联组成，还可以由多个电阻串联组成，对此不做限制。例如，电阻22可以由限流电阻和可调电阻串联组成，限流电阻和可调电阻的电阻值均可以调整，对此电阻值不做限制。
其中，检测器件25可以包括但不限于：单片机，对此检测器件25的类型不做限制。检测器件25用于实现信号检测、业务处理、信号输出等功能。
其中，第一测量端点23和第二测量端点24是故障识别装置的两个测量端点，用于分别连接被测的通信设备的PSU的第一端(如交流输入的火线、即L线端点)和第二端(如交流输入的零线、即N线端点)。
具体的，在对通信设备内的PSU进行故障识别时，第一测量端点23用于与PSU的第一端连接，第二测量端点24用于与PSU的第二端连接。
例如，在对通信设备A的PSU进行故障识别时，第一测量端点23与通信设备A的PSU的第一端连接，第二测量端点24与通信设备A的PSU的第二端连接。在对通信设备B进行故障识别时，第一测量端点23与通信设备B的PSU的第一端连接，第二测量端点24与通信设备B的PSU的第二端连接。
在一个例子中，参见图3所示，该故障识别装置可以是一个手持式的装置，包括手持部分31和插头接口32。在测试时，可以先断开被测通信设备的PSU和PDU之间的连接，然后直接将插头接口32插入到被测通信设备的PSU。这样，第一测量端点23与该通信设备的PSU的第一端连接，第二测量端点24与该通信设备的PSU的第二端连接。
其中，该插头接口可以是符合国际电工委员会(英文：International Electrotechnical Commission，简称：IEC)规范的接口，也可以是其它类型的接口，对此不做限制。
在一个例子中，参见图4所示，故障识别装置还可以包括开关26，对此开关26的类型不做限制，可以是任意类型的开关。开关26的第一端261与直流电源21的正极211连接，开关26的第二端262与电阻22的第一端221连接。
在未对PSU进行故障识别时，可以断开开关26，这样，直流电源21与电阻22之间处于断开状态，故障识别装置处于非工作状态。
在对PSU进行故障识别时，闭合开关26，这样，直流电源21与电阻22之间处于闭合状态，故障识别装置处于工作状态。
开关26还可以处于故障识别装置的其他部分，例如在电阻22和检测器件25的输入 管脚251之间，或者在检测器件25的地管脚252和直流电源21之间。本公开不限制开关26具体所处的位置。此外，开关的个数也可以按照实际需求进行设置，比如有多个开关。本公开对此不做限制。
在上述应用场景下，检测器件25，用于获取第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值，并根据该电压值确定被测的通信设备的PSU是否发生故障。
具体的，若该电压值大于或者等于第一阈值，且该电压值小于或者等于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以确定PSU未发生故障，第二阈值大于第一阈值。
此外，若该电压值小于第一阈值，则检测器件25可以确定PSU发生故障。或者，若该电压值大于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以确定PSU发生故障。
其中，若该电压值小于第一阈值，则检测器件25可以确定PSU发生短路故障。若该电压值大于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以确定PSU发生开路故障。
以下结合具体应用场景，对故障识别过程进行说明。参见图5所示，为通信设备内的PSU的结构示意图，这个PSU只是一个示例，对常见的PSU进行了等效简化，在实际应用中，PSU的结构更加复杂，对此PSU的结构不做限制。
参见图5所示，PSU的火线(即L线)端点可以是PSU的第一端，PSU的零线(即N线)端点可以是PSU的第二端。在故障识别装置与PSU连接时，第一测量端点23可以与PSU的L线端点连接，第二测量端点24可以与PSU的N线端点连接。
在图5中，PSU还可以包括熔断器F1、等效电阻R1、等效电容C1(如电解电容C1)、开关MOS(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor，金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)管Q1、四个二极管(如二极管D1、二极管D2、二极管D3、二极管D4)。这些器件的连接关系和功能可以参见传统的PSU，在此不再赘述。
应用场景1，当PSU未发生故障时，在测试时，被测的通信设备的PSU连接的故障识别装置为直流电供电，图5所示的PSU可以等价为图6所示的PSU，即图6是一个正常状态下PSU的等效电路。在将故障识别装置的第一测量端点23与PSU的L线端点连接，将故障识别装置的第二测量端点24与PSU的N线端点连接后，则新的等效电路可以参见图7所示。
参见图7所示，在开关26闭合时，则U1＝U0*Ra/(Ra+Rb)。其中，U1是检测器件25的输入管脚251与检测器件25的地管脚252之间的电压值，即第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值。U0是直流电源21的电压值，如5V。Ra的值与PSU的 等效电阻R1的电阻值相等，Rb是故障识别装置的电阻22的电阻值，Rb的电阻值可以根据经验进行设置，对此不做限制。
由于U0、Ra和Rb均是已知值，因此，可以利用U0、Ra和Rb确定U1，考虑到Ra和Rb的取值可以变化，因此，U1不是一个唯一值。在实际操作中，可设置一个电压区间，且U1处于该电压区间。例如，电压区间是[第一阈值，第二阈值]。当PSU未发生故障时，则U1处于电压区间[第一阈值，第二阈值]。
综上所述，检测器件25检测第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值U1。若电压值U1处于电压区间[第一阈值，第二阈值]内，即电压值U1大于或等于第一阈值，且电压值U1小于或等于第二阈值，则检测器件25确定PSU未发生故障。
在一个例子中，第一阈值和第二阈值可以根据经验进行配置，第一阈值可以为指示短路故障的电压值，第二阈值可以为指示开路故障的电压值，例如，第一阈值可以是1.5V，第二阈值可以是4.5V。此处的第一阈值和第二阈值只是一个示例，在另一个例子中，第一阈值还可以是2V，第二阈值还可以是5V。只要第一阈值可以指示短路故障，第二阈值可以指示开路故障即可，本公开对此不做限制。
当电压值U1小于第一阈值时，则检测器件25确定被测的通信设备的PSU发生短路故障。当电压值U1大于第二阈值时，则检测器件25确定被测的通信设备的PSU发生开路故障。
应用场景2，当PSU发生短路故障，例如，电容C1或者开关MOS管Q1发生短路故障，且熔断器F1正常时，则图5所示的PSU可以等价为图8所示的PSU，即图8是一个短路故障下PSU的等效电路。在将故障识别装置的第一测量端点23与PSU的L线端点连接，将故障识别装置的第二测量端点24与PSU的N线端点连接后，则新的等效电路可以参见图9所示。
参见图9所示，在开关26闭合时，则直流电源21的电压值U0大于二极管D1的导通电压与二极管D2导通电压之和，使得二极管D1和二极管D2均导通。基于此，U1＝Ua+Ub，U1是检测器件25的输入管脚251与检测器件25的地管脚252之间的电压值，即第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值。Ua是二极管D1两侧的电压值，Ub是二极管D2两侧的电压值，Ua和Ub均是相对固定的值，如0.7V。综上所述，U1＝0.7*2＝1.4V。
当然，上述只是一个示例，由于二极管D1和二极管D2的导通电压相对固定，因此， 可以利用二极管D1的电压值Ua和二极管D2的电压值Ub确定U1，且U1是一个小于第一阈值的电压值。
综上所述，检测器件25检测第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值U1，若电压值U1小于第一阈值(如1.5V)，则检测器件25确定被测的通信设备的PSU发生短路故障。
应用场景3，当PSU发生开路故障，如熔断器F1断开，PSU的L线端点与PSU的N线端点之间的电阻为无穷大(开路)，则图5所示的PSU可以等价为图10所示的PSU，即图10是一个开路故障下PSU的等效电路。在将故障识别装置的第一测量端点23与PSU的L线端点连接，将故障识别装置的第二测量端点24与PSU的N线端点连接后，新的等效电路可以参见图11所示。
参见图11所示，在开关26闭合时，由于PSU的L线端点与PSU的N线端点之间为开路状态，因此，U1可以等于直流电源21的电压值U0。U1是检测器件25的输入管脚251与检测器件25的地管脚252之间的电压值，即第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值。因此，检测器件25可以利用直流电源21的电压值U0确定U1，且U1可以是一个大于第二阈值的电压值。
综上所述，检测器件25检测第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值U1。若电压值U1大于第二阈值(如4.5V)，则检测器件25确定被测的通信设备的PSU发生开路故障。
结合应用场景1、应用场景2和应用场景3，检测器件25检测第一测量端点23与第二测量端点24之间的电压值U1。若电压值U1处于电压区间[第一阈值，第二阈值]，则检测器件25可以确定被测的通信设备的PSU未发生故障。若电压值U1小于第一阈值，则检测器件25可以确定被测的通信设备的PSU发生短路故障。若电压值U1大于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以确定被测的通信设备的PSU发生开路故障。
在一个例子中，参见图12所示，故障识别装置还可以包括发光二极管27，检测器件25的第一输出管脚(即第一输出端)253与发光二极管27的正极连接，发光二极管27的负极与地端连接。
基于此，若电压值U1大于或等于第一阈值，且电压值U1小于或等于第二阈值，则检测器件25输出第一信号，发光二极管27根据第一信号显示第一颜色。例如，第一信号可以驱动发光二极管27显示第一颜色。第一颜色用于表示PSU未发生故障。若电压 值U1小于第一阈值，则检测器件25输出第二信号，发光二极管27根据第二信号显示第二颜色。例如，第二信号可以驱动发光二极管27显示第二颜色。第二颜色用于表示PSU发生短路故障。若电压值U1大于第二阈值，则检测器件25输出第三信号，发光二极管27根据第三信号显示第三颜色。例如，第三信号可以驱动发光二极管27显示第三颜色。第三颜色用于表示PSU发生开路故障。需要说明的是，第一输出管脚可以表示一个管脚，也可以表示构成一组总线的多个管脚，故障识别装置可以通过该总线与发光二极管27相连。
其中，第一颜色可以是绿色，即发光二极管27显示绿色时，表示PSU未发生故障。第二颜色可以是红色，即发光二极管27显示红色时，表示PSU发生短路故障。第三颜色可以是黄色，即发光二极管27显示黄色时，表示PSU发生开路故障。
其中，上述发光二极管27可以是一个三色发光二极管，即这个发光二极管27可以显示绿色、或者显示红色、或者显示黄色，对此发光二极管27不做限制。
在一个例子中，故障识别装置还可以包括限流电阻，该限流电阻连接于检测器件25的第一输出管脚与发光二极管27的正极之间。
在另一个例子中，参见图13所示，该故障识别装置还可以包括发光二极管L1、发光二极管L2和发光二极管L3，发光二极管L1可以显示红色，发光二极管L2可以显示黄色，发光二极管L3可以显示绿色。而且，检测器件25通过输出管脚254、输出管脚255、输出管脚256分别与发光二极管L1、发光二极管L2和发光二极管L3连接。基于此，若电压值U1大于或等于第一阈值，且电压值U1小于或等于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以向发光二极管L3输出信号，该信号用于驱动发光二极管L3亮起，表示PSU未发生故障。若电压值U1小于第一阈值，则检测器件25可以向发光二极管L1输出信号，该信号用于驱动发光二极管L1亮起，表示PSU发生短路故障。若电压值U1大于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以向发光二极管L2输出信号，该信号用于驱动发光二极管L2亮起，表示PSU发生开路故障。
在一个例子中，上述故障识别装置还可以包括：限流电阻r1、限流电阻r2、限流电阻r3。限流电阻r1连接于发光二极管L1的正极与检测器件25的输出管脚254之间，限流电阻r2连接于发光二极管L2的正极与检测器件25的输出管脚255之间，限流电阻r3连接于发光二极管L3的正极与检测器件25的输出管脚256之间。
在一个例子中，故障识别装置还可以包括声音报警器件(在图中未示出声音报警器 件)，且检测器件25的第二输出管脚(即第二输出端)可以与声音报警器件连接。基于此，若电压值U1大于或者等于第一阈值，且电压值U1小于或者等于第二阈值，则检测器件25不输出信号，这样，报警器件不会发出报警声音，表示PSU未发生故障。若电压值U1小于第一阈值，或者，电压值U1大于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以输出第四信号，声音报警器件根据第四信号发出报警声音。例如，该第四信号可以驱动声音报警器件发出报警声音，表示PSU发生故障。需要说明的是，第二输出管脚可以表示一个管脚，也可以表示构成一组总线的多个管脚，故障识别装置可以通过该总线与声音报警器件相连。
在一个例子中，故障识别装置还可以包括显示器件(在图中未示出显示器件)，且检测器件25的第三输出管脚(即第三输出端)可以与显示器件连接。基于此，若电压值U1大于或者等于第一阈值，且电压值U1小于或者等于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以输出第五信号，显示器件根据第五信号显示第一数值。例如，该第五信号可以驱动显示器件显示第一数值。该第一数值可以用于表示PSU未发生故障。若电压值U1小于第一阈值，则检测器件25可以输出第六信号，显示器件根据第六信号显示第二数值。例如，该第六信号可以驱动显示器件显示第二数值。该第二数值可以用于表示PSU发生短路故障。若电压值U1大于第二阈值，则检测器件25可以输出第七信号，显示器件根据第七信号显示第三数值。例如，该第七信号可以驱动显示器件显示第三数值。该第三数值可以用于表示PSU发生开路故障。需要说明的是，第三输出管脚可以表示一个管脚，也可以表示构成一组总线的多个管脚，故障识别装置可以通过该总线与显示器件相连。
基于上述技术方案，本公开实施例中，在未对通信设备正常供电的情况下，可以通过故障识别装置有效定位出哪个通信设备发生故障。这使得维护人员快速确定出故障的通信设备，继而对故障的通信设备进行处理，提高服务保障能力，提升工作效率。
为了描述的方便，描述以上装置时以功能分为各种单元分别描述。当然，在实施本公开时可以把各单元的功能在同一个或多个软件和/或硬件中实现。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本公开的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本公开可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本公开实施例可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本公开是参照根据本公开实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可以由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其它可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其它可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。
而且，这些计算机程序指令也可以存储在能引导计算机或其它可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或者多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或者多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其它可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或者其它可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其它可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
以上所述仅为本公开的实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开。对于本领域技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原理之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的权利要求范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种故障识别装置，包括：
    检测器件；和
    与所述检测器件连接的插头接口，所述插头接口包括第一测量端点和第二测量端点；
    其中，在对被测通信设备内的电源供应单元PSU进行故障识别时，所述第一测量端点与所述PSU的第一端连接，所述第二测量端点与所述PSU的第二端连接；
    所述检测器件获取所述第一测量端点与所述第二测量端点之间的电压值，并根据所述电压值确定所述PSU是否发生故障。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述检测器件根据所述电压值确定所述PSU是否发生故障，具体用于：
    若所述电压值大于或者等于第一阈值，且所述电压值小于或者等于第二阈值，则确定所述PSU未发生故障，其中，所述第二阈值大于所述第一阈值；
    若所述电压值小于所述第一阈值，则确定所述PSU发生故障；
    若所述电压值大于所述第二阈值，则确定所述PSU发生故障。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述检测器件还用于：
    若所述电压值小于所述第一阈值，则确定所述PSU发生短路故障；
    若所述电压值大于所述第二阈值，则确定所述PSU发生开路故障。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，
    所述检测器件的输入管脚与所述第一测量端点连接，
    所述检测器件的地管脚与所述第二测量端点连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括直流电源和电阻，
    所述直流电源的正极与所述电阻的第一端连接，
    所述电阻的第二端与所述第一测量端点连接，
    所述直流电源的负极与所述第二测量端点连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括开关，
    所述开关的第一端与所述直流电源的正极连接，
    所述开关的第二端与所述电阻的第一端连接，
    在未对所述PSU进行故障识别时，断开所述开关，
    在对所述PSU进行故障识别时，闭合所述开关。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括发光二极管，
    所述检测器件的第一输出管脚与所述发光二极管的正极连接，所述发光二极管的负 极与地端连接；
    所述检测器件根据所述电压值确定所述PSU是否发生故障，具体用于：
    若所述电压值大于或等于第一阈值，且所述电压值小于或等于第二阈值，则输出第一信号，所述发光二极管根据所述第一信号显示第一颜色，以表示所述PSU未发生故障；
    若所述电压值小于所述第一阈值，则输出第二信号，所述发光二极管根据所述第二信号显示第二颜色，以表示所述PSU发生短路故障；
    若所述电压值大于所述第二阈值，则输出第三信号，所述发光二极管根据所述第三信号显示第三颜色，以表示所述PSU发生开路故障。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括声音报警器件，
    所述检测器件的第二输出管脚与所述声音报警器件连接；
    所述检测器件根据所述电压值确定所述PSU是否发生故障，具体用于：
    若所述电压值小于第一阈值，或者，若所述电压值大于第二阈值，则输出第四信号，所述声音报警器件根据所述第四信号发出报警声音，以表示所述PSU发生故障。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括显示器件，
    所述检测器件的第三输出管脚与所述显示器件连接；
    所述检测器件根据所述电压值确定所述PSU是否发生故障，具体用于：
    若所述电压值大于或等于第一阈值，且所述电压值小于或等于第二阈值，则输出第五信号，所述显示器件根据所述第五信号显示第一数值，以表示所述PSU未发生故障；
    若所述电压值小于所述第一阈值，则输出第六信号，所述显示器件根据所述第六信号显示第二数值，以表示所述PSU发生短路故障；
    若所述电压值大于所述第二阈值，则输出第七信号，所述显示器件根据所述第七信号显示第三数值，以表示所述PSU发生开路故障。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述检测器件具体为：单片机。
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