WO2020082767A1 - 一种耳塞 - Google Patents

一种耳塞 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020082767A1
WO2020082767A1 PCT/CN2019/092615 CN2019092615W WO2020082767A1 WO 2020082767 A1 WO2020082767 A1 WO 2020082767A1 CN 2019092615 W CN2019092615 W CN 2019092615W WO 2020082767 A1 WO2020082767 A1 WO 2020082767A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
sound guide
wall
cavity
earplug
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/092615
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡彩云
王红梅
赵晓丽
邢凯博
陈会金
Original Assignee
歌尔股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 歌尔股份有限公司 filed Critical 歌尔股份有限公司
Priority to US16/621,180 priority Critical patent/US10986440B2/en
Publication of WO2020082767A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020082767A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2815—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements of the bass reflex type
    • H04R1/2823—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material
    • H04R1/2826—Vents, i.e. ports, e.g. shape thereof or tuning thereof with damping material for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1058—Manufacture or assembly
    • H04R1/1075—Mountings of transducers in earphones or headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1041—Mechanical or electronic switches, or control elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2420/00—Details of connection covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2420/07—Applications of wireless loudspeakers or wireless microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/11—Aspects relating to vents, e.g. shape, orientation, acoustic properties in ear tips of hearing devices to prevent occlusion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of acoustics, in particular to an earplug.
  • TWS (abbreviation of True Wireless Stereo) is true wireless stereo, and TWS Bluetooth earbuds (headphones) can realize true wireless separation of left and right channels. Since the TWS Bluetooth earbuds do not require a wired connection, the left and right earbuds form a stereo system via Bluetooth, and the functions of listening to songs, talking and wearing have been improved.
  • the bass pipe is a separate pipe structure. Due to the combined influence of the thickness of the pipe wall of the bass pipe and the thickness of the earplug shell, the inner space of the earplug is occupied to provide a certain amount of bass channel. And because the bass pipe is a single structure, in the actual production process, it needs to be assembled into the earplug, which is difficult to assemble. Due to the complicated acoustic structure, the production cost is high and the production yield is relatively low.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide an earplug in which an inner wall of a housing and a preset sound guide wall are used to construct a bass pipe, which effectively simplifies the design of the bass pipe and reduces the production cost of the earplug.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides an earplug.
  • the earplug includes: a housing in which a sound cavity is provided; a speaker is provided in the sound cavity, and the sound cavity is divided into a front sound cavity and a rear sound cavity; an acoustic structure is located in the rear sound cavity, and the acoustic structure includes a first sound guide wall and Cover plate, the first sound guide wall is attached to the bottom surface of the rear sound cavity, and is configured to form a sound guide groove with at least a part of the inner wall of the housing, and the cover plate is installed at the notch part above the sound guide groove to form the sound guide groove At least one holed bass pipe communicating from the rear acoustic cavity to the housing.
  • the present invention makes full use of the shell structure of the earplug itself. In the rear acoustic cavity, only by adding a wall-like structure and a cover plate, it is combined with the inner wall of the shell to form a bass pipe. Compared with the single structure bass pipe in the prior art, It occupies a small space and can effectively increase the area of the bass pipe and improve the low-frequency sound quality of the earplugs.
  • the bass pipe in the present invention is mainly composed of a wall-like structure attached to the bottom surface of the rear sound cavity and the inner wall of the shell of the earplug, and the cover plate is installed later.
  • This structure is simple to assemble, easy to operate, and is not prone to sound leakage. Effectively improve the yield rate and reduce the production cost of earplugs.
  • the bass pipe of the present invention effectively uses the internal space of the housing to set, reducing the overall size of the earplug product.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of an earplug in an embodiment of the present invention (the ear shell and speaker of the earplug are not included in the figure);
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an earplug in an embodiment of the present invention (the ear shell and speaker of the earplug are not included in the figure);
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view along A-A in FIG. 1 (partially shown);
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along B-B in FIG. 1 (partially shown).
  • the design concept of the present invention is:
  • the present invention provides an earplug, in which the bass pipe utilizes the wall-like structure in the rear acoustic cavity and the inner wall of the shell of the earplug to make related structural design, avoid
  • the additional addition of an acoustic structure reduces the production cost of the earplugs on the one hand, reduces the difficulty of assembling the earplugs on the other hand, improves the yield of product production, and has more excellent adjustment space in acoustic performance.
  • an earplug including: a housing 1, a speaker 9, and an acoustic structure.
  • a sound cavity is provided in the housing 1;
  • the speaker 9 is disposed in the sound cavity, and divides the sound cavity into a front sound cavity 7 and a rear sound cavity 6;
  • the acoustic structure located in the rear acoustic cavity 6, the acoustic structure includes a first sound guide wall 1-7 and a cover plate 4, the first sound guide wall 1-7 is attached to the bottom surface 1-1 of the rear sound cavity, and is configured to be connected with the housing 1 At least part of the inner wall of the housing forms a sound guide groove 1-4, and the cover plate 4 is mounted on the notch above the sound guide groove 1-4, so that the sound guide groove 1-4 constitutes at least the communication from the rear sound cavity 6 to the housing 1 An open hole bass pipe 8.
  • the housing 1 includes the outer shell 1-9 of the earplug and the inner shell 1-10 of the earplug.
  • the inner shell 1-10 and the outer shell 1-9 may be integrally formed, and the sound cavity is formed by the inner shell of the earplug 1-10 and enclosure 1-9 are enclosed.
  • the front acoustic cavity 7 is located at the end of the diaphragm 9-1 of the speaker 9, and the rear acoustic cavity 6 is located at the magnetic yoke end of the speaker 9.
  • the speaker 9 is provided with a rear sound outlet 9-2 to communicate with the rear acoustic cavity 6.
  • the speaker 9 passes through The rear sound hole 9-2 transmits sound to the rear sound cavity 6.
  • the surrounding of the speaker 9 needs to be sealed with the housing 1 to avoid sound leakage from the surrounding and reduce the sound quality.
  • the bottom surface 1-1 of the rear acoustic cavity is a part of the inner shell 1-10, so the first sound guide wall 1-7 is attached to the inner shell 1-10, and the first sound guide wall 1-7 can be connected to the inner shell 1- 10 pre-integrated, the first sound guide wall 1-7 and part of the inner wall of the housing 1-9 form a sound guide groove 1-4, and then a cover plate 4 is added to the notch above the sound guide groove 1-4, thereby forming Bass Pipe 8.
  • the bass pipe 8 is located in the rear acoustic cavity 6, and one end communicates with the rear acoustic cavity 6, and the other end communicates with an opening in the housing 1, and the opening communicates with the outside of the earplug.
  • One end of the rear sound cavity 6 is used as the sound inlet 2 of the bass pipe 8, and the sound transmitted from the rear sound cavity 6 can enter the bass pipe 8 through the sound inlet 2 of the bass pipe and pass to the shell along the opening in the casing 1 Body 1 outside.
  • the earplugs of the embodiments of the present invention make full use of the shell structure of the earplugs, combined with the additional wall-like structure (first sound guide wall) and cover plate in the rear acoustic cavity to form a bass pipe as the acoustic structure of the earplugs, which can realize the bass of the earplugs Acoustic performance; in addition, because there is no need to consider additional issues such as the thickness of the pipe wall of the bass pipe in the prior art, the size of the space occupied by it is reduced, the area of the bass pipe is increased, and the low-frequency sound quality of the earplugs can be improved; Since the wall of the bass pipe is composed of the inner wall of the shell and the wall-like structure attached to the bottom surface of the rear acoustic cavity, only the cover plate needs to be installed during installation, which greatly reduces the difficulty of assembling the earplugs and improves the production yield , Reducing production costs.
  • the earplugs provided in this embodiment are wireless stereo earplugs, which can use Bluetooth communication.
  • the wireless stereo earplugs can be further divided into left ear earplugs and right ear earplugs, in which the above acoustic structure is provided.
  • the first sound guide wall 1-7 is a partial ring-shaped wall adapted to the shape of the inner wall of the housing 1, such as an approximately "C” shape.
  • the cover plate 4 is similar in shape to the first sound guide walls 1-7, and is also approximately “C” shaped.
  • the aforementioned acoustic structure further includes a second sound guide wall 1-8 that connects one end of the first sound guide wall 1-7 to the inner wall of the housing 1, so that one end of the sound guide groove 1-4 communicates with the rear acoustic cavity 6, and the other end communicates with
  • the opening on the casing 1 is closed with the inner wall of the casing 1 to form a bass pipe 8.
  • the inner wall of the housing 1 will also present an approximately ring shape.
  • the first sound guide wall 1-7 is also designed as a partial ring wall, so that Reasonable use of the space in the rear acoustic cavity 6 can also properly extend the bass pipe 8 to improve the bass effect of the earplugs.
  • the bass pipe 8 can be formed, because only the first sound guide wall (or a second guide is added on the basis of the rear sound cavity) Sound wall), reducing the size of the rear acoustic cavity occupied by the entire bass pipe, so that the rear acoustic cavity 6 includes the second rear acoustic cavity 6-2 in addition to the first rear acoustic cavity 6-1.
  • the embodiment of the present invention increases the space of the rear acoustic cavity cavity, which can be effective Improve low frequency sound quality.
  • a linear second sound guide wall 1-8 is provided in the rear sound cavity 6, and two ends of the second sound guide wall 1-8 are respectively connected to one end of the first sound guide wall 1-7 and The inner wall of the casing 1 closes the end of the first sound guide wall 1-7 and the inner wall of the casing 1, and a cover plate is connected to make the bass pipe 8 communicate with the opening in the casing 1.
  • the second sound guide wall 1-8 is designed to be linear, which can keep the bass pipe 8 to have a uniform width, the shape of the cover plate 4 is also better designed, and the slot above the sound guide groove 1-4 is more easily covered.
  • the second sound guide walls 1-8 can also be designed to be approximately arc-shaped without affecting the consistency of the width of the bass pipe 8.
  • the second sound guide wall 1-8 may also be pre-integrated with the first sound guide wall 1-7 and the inner shell 1-10.
  • a first step is provided on the inner wall of the housing 1 where the sound guide groove 1-4 is constructed, through which the first step 1.
  • the upper ends of the first sound-guiding wall 1-7 and the second sound-guiding wall 1-8 allow the cover plate 4 to cover the notch part above the sound guiding groove 1-4. That is, the cover plate 4 is supported by the first steps, the upper ends of the first sound guide walls 1-7 and the second sound guide walls 1-8.
  • the cover plate 4 has a flat plate shape and a rectangular cross section.
  • an adhesive may be provided on the edge of the cover plate 4 to reinforce and fix it.
  • a step surface may be further provided on the top surface side of the cover plate 4, that is, the side adjacent to the inner wall of the housing 1 may be provided as a step surface Surface, an adhesive is provided at the step surface to fix the cover plate 4 at the notch portion above the sound guide groove 1-4.
  • the essence of the step surface is to leave a dispensing groove, which is convenient for setting adhesive.
  • the opening in the housing 1 constitutes the earplug sound-release hole 1-3 of the earplug.
  • the central axis of the earplug sound-release hole 1-3 is parallel to the bottom of the sound guide groove 1-4 and is located at the bottom of the sound guide groove 1-4 Between the sound guide slot 1-4 slot. This design allows the sound to pass smoothly from the earplug vent hole 1-3.
  • the main purpose is to balance the pressure between the rear acoustic cavity 6 and the outside world, so the opening in the housing 1 can serve as the earplug vent hole 1-3, and can also communicate with the back cavity of the earplug.
  • the sound hole 4-1 does not need to be separately provided with another sound leakage hole in the casing 1 to communicate with the rear sound cavity sound leakage hole 4-1 on the cover plate 4.
  • the end of the cover plate 4 close to the earplug sound hole 1-3 is provided with a rear sound cavity sound hole 4-1.
  • the rear sound cavity sound hole 4-1 communicates with the earplug sound hole 1-3 through the sound guide groove 1-4, and the rear sound cavity
  • the vent hole 4-1 is covered with a tuning network 3.
  • the tuning net 3 may be provided on the lower side of the cover plate 4, so that the fixing is more firm.
  • the mesh number of the tuning network 3 is 530, and the model SATTIB080HY is selected.
  • the tuning network with the appropriate mesh number is usually selected according to the acoustic simulation results and experimental test results.
  • the rear acoustic cavity vent hole 4-1 is also a vent channel of the rear acoustic cavity 6, and the sound can pass out of the housing 1 through the rear acoustic cavity vent hole 4-1, the sound guide groove 1-4, and the earplug vent hole 1-3 In addition, not all the sound in the rear acoustic cavity 6 is transmitted through the bass pipe 8 but partly through the rear sound cavity vent hole 4-1 and partly through the bass pipe 8.
  • the earplug sound vent holes 1-3 are covered with a mesh 5 (mesh).
  • the main function of the mesh screen 5 is to prevent foreign objects from entering the earplug sound vent holes 1-3 into the earplug.
  • the bottom surface 1-1 of the rear acoustic cavity is provided with a threading hole 1-2, that is, a threading hole 1-2 is provided on the inner casing 1-10, and the wire 10 (FPC, ie: flexible cable) of the speaker 9 is passed from the threading hole 1-2 Wear out.
  • a threading hole 1-2 is provided on the inner casing 1-10, and the wire 10 (FPC, ie: flexible cable) of the speaker 9 is passed from the threading hole 1-2 Wear out.
  • the upper end of the wire 10 is connected to the voice coil in the speaker 9 and the lower end is connected to the control circuit board of the earplug, thereby providing a control signal to the speaker 9 and controlling the speaker 9 to sound.
  • control circuit board Since the control circuit board is arranged outside the sound cavity and has an inner shell 1-10 at the bottom of the sound cavity, it is necessary to reserve an access channel for the wire 10, and the threading hole 1-2 functions as an access channel.
  • the earplugs in this embodiment are in-ear type, so the housing 1 includes an ear handle portion 1-12 and an in-ear portion 1-11, the sound cavity is provided in the in-ear portion 1-11, the aforementioned speaker 9, front sound cavity 7, rear sound cavity 6. All of them are located in the ear part 1-11.
  • the aforementioned inner shell 1-10 can be regarded as the inner boundary of the ear stem part 1-12 and the ear part 1-11.
  • the bass pipe 8 is located at the junction of the ear handle portion 1-12 and the in-ear portion 1-11.
  • the ear handle portion 1-12 may be provided with components such as a control circuit board and a battery.
  • an arc-shaped concave section is provided between the ear-entry portion 1-11 and the ear handle portion 1-12, and the earplug vent hole 1-3 is provided in the arc-shaped concave section and is located at the longitudinal center of the housing 1 On a plane, this longitudinal center plane is the center plane along the length direction of the ear stem portion (the direction corresponding to the AA section line in FIG. 1).
  • this longitudinal center plane is the center plane along the length direction of the ear stem portion (the direction corresponding to the AA section line in FIG. 1).
  • the aforementioned rear acoustic cavity vent hole 4-1 is also located on the longitudinal center plane of the housing 1, so that the sound transmission between the earplug vent hole 1-3 is smoother.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention what is different from Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, a first step is provided on the inner wall of the housing 1 constructing the sound guide groove 1-4, and the first sound guide wall 1 -7 and the upper end of the second sound guide wall 1-8 are provided with a second step, and the cover plate 4 is mounted on the notch part above the sound guide groove 1-4 through the first step and the second step. That is, the cover 4 is supported by the first step and the second step.
  • the second step increases the limit structure for the cover plate 4, making the cover plate 4 easier to install to the notch portion above the sound guide groove 1-4, and also improves the installation firmness.
  • the cover plate 4 has a flat plate shape and a rectangular cross section.
  • the edge of the cover 4 needs to be fixed with an adhesive.
  • a step surface may be further provided on both sides of the top surface of the cover plate 4, and an adhesive agent may be provided at the step surface to fix the cover plate 4 at the notch portion above the sound guide groove 1-4.
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention what is different from Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is that in this embodiment, at least one third step is provided on the bottom surface of the cover plate 4.
  • the cover plate 4 can be mounted on the notch portion above the sound guide groove 1-4 through the first step, the upper ends of the first sound guide wall 1-7 and the second sound guide wall 1-8. That is, the cover 4 is supported by the first step, the upper ends of the first sound guide walls 1-7 and the second sound guide walls 1-8, and the third step.
  • the cover 4 can be installed above the sound guide groove 1-4 through the second step and the third step provided on the upper ends of the first step, the first sound guide wall 1-7 and the second sound guide wall 1-8 Notch.
  • the third step may be located on the side adjacent to the inner wall of the housing 1, or may be located on the first sound guide wall 1-7 and the second sound guide wall 1- 8 adjacent sides.
  • the cross section of the cover plate 4 is in an inverted "convex" shape.
  • the third step further increases the limit structure for the cover plate 4, making the cover plate 4 easier to install to the notch portion above the sound guide grooves 1-4, and also improves the installation firmness.
  • Embodiment 4 of the present invention what is different from Embodiment 1 is that, in this embodiment, the bottom surface 1-1 of the rear acoustic cavity is provided with a wire groove 1-5 for accommodating the folded portion of the wire 10 of the speaker 9 and a wire groove 1- 5 is located outside the sound guide groove 1-4, the wire groove 1-5 is formed by the bottom surface 1-1 of the rear sound cavity toward the rear sound cavity 6; the top or side of the wire groove 1-5 is provided with a first threading hole 1 -2, a second threading hole (not shown in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the lead slot 1-5, and the lead 10 of the speaker 9 passes through the first threading hole 1-2 and the second threading hole to exit the rear acoustic cavity 6.
  • the opening of the wire groove 1-5 faces downward, and a convex structure is formed in the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the bottom of the wire groove 1-5 is located at the lower opening, which is part of the bottom surface 1-1 of the rear sound cavity.
  • the first threading hole 1-2 is formed on the top of the slot 1-5, that is, the top of the convex structure.
  • the first threading hole can also be formed on the side of the wire slot 1-5 and the bottom of the wire slot 1-5
  • the wire 10 of the speaker 9 enters the cable slot 1-5 from the first threading hole 1-2 at the top of the cable slot 1-5, and then passes through the connecting earplug from the second threading hole at the bottom of the cable slot 1-5 Control circuit board.
  • the wire groove 1-5 may be used to accommodate a part of the wire 10 to optimize the internal space of the earplug.
  • the first threading hole 1-2 and the second threading hole still need to be sealed with glue.
  • the wire grooves 1-5 can simultaneously form a sealed solvent storage groove 1-6, the first threading hole 1-2 is provided on the top of the sealed solvent storage groove 1-6, and the second threaded hole is provided in the sealed solvent storage At the bottom of the tank 1-6, a sealing solvent is added in the sealing solvent storage tank 1-6 to seal the first threading hole 1-2 and the second threading hole.
  • the invention makes full use of the structure of the earplug shell 1 itself, and only needs to add a cover plate 4 and a wall-like structure in the rear acoustic cavity 6 to form the bass pipe 8, without installing an independent bass pipe, reducing the existing pipe wall occupation
  • the internal space of the device meets the small volume design requirements of the earplugs, and due to the reduction of the internal space occupation, the space of the rear acoustic cavity 6 composed of the speaker 9 and the housing 1 is increased, which can effectively improve the bass sound quality of the earplugs.

Abstract

本发明公开了一种耳塞，用于解决现有立体声耳塞低音管道设计复杂、生产成本高的技术问题。耳塞包括：设置有声腔的壳体；扬声器,设置于声腔中，并将声腔分为前声腔和后声腔；声学结构,位于后声腔内,声学结构包括第一导声壁和盖板,第一导声壁附接于后声腔底面，并配置为与壳体的至少部分壳体内壁形成导声槽，盖板盖装于导声槽上方槽口部位，使导声槽构成从后声腔连通到壳体的至少一个开孔的低音管道。本发明有效简化了低音管道的设计，降低了耳塞生产成本。

Description

一种耳塞 技术领域
本发明涉及声学领域，具体涉及一种耳塞。
发明背景
TWS(True Wireless Stereo的缩写)即真无线立体声，TWS蓝牙耳塞(耳机)可实现真正的蓝牙左右声道无线分离使用。由于TWS蓝牙耳塞两耳挂不需要有线连接，左右两个耳塞通过蓝牙组成立体声系统，听歌、通话、佩戴功能都得到了提升。
目前市面上的TWS耳塞，低音管道是单独的管道结构，由于低音管道的管道壁的厚度以及耳塞壳体的厚度的综合影响，为提供一定空间的低音通道，占用耳塞内部空间较大。并且由于低音管道为单体结构，在实际生产过程中，需要将其组装入耳塞中，组装难度大，由于声学结构复杂，导致生产成本高，且生产良率相对较低。
发明内容
针对上述问题，本发明实施例提供一种耳塞，在耳塞中利用壳体内壁和预设的导声壁来构建低音管道，有效简化了低音管道的设计，降低了耳塞生产成本。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明实施例提供一种耳塞。该耳塞包括:壳体，该壳体中设置有声腔；扬声器,设置于声腔中，并将声腔分为前声腔和后声腔；声学结构,位于后声腔内,声学结构包括第一导声壁和盖板,第一导声壁附接于后声腔底面，并配置为与壳体的至少部分壳体内壁形成导声槽，盖板盖装于导声槽上方槽口部位，使导声槽构成从后声腔连通到壳体的至少一个开孔的低音管道。
本发明实施例的优点及有益效果是：
(1)本发明充分利用耳塞自身的壳体结构，在后声腔中仅通过增加壁状结构和盖板，与壳体内壁结合形成低音管道，相对于现有技术中单体结构的低音管道，占用空间小，并能有效增加低音管道的面积，改善耳塞的低频音质。
(2)本发明中的低音管道主要通过附接于后声腔底面的壁状结构和耳塞的 壳体内壁构成，盖板是后期安装的，这样的结构组装简单，易操作，不易发生漏音，有效提高了良品率，降低了耳塞生产成本。
(3)本发明的低音管道有效利用壳体内部空间来设置，减小了耳塞产品的整体尺寸。
附图简要说明
图1为本发明实施例中耳塞的俯视图(图中不包括耳塞的入耳部外壳和扬声器)；
图2为本发明实施例中耳塞的分解图(图中不包括耳塞的入耳部外壳和扬声器)；
图3为沿图1中A-A的剖视图(示出了局部)；
图4为沿图1中B-B的剖视图(示出了局部)。
图中：1.壳体；1-1.后声腔底面；1-2.穿线孔；1-3.耳塞泄声孔；1-4.导声槽；1-5.导线槽；1-6.密封溶剂储存槽；1-7.第一导声壁；1-8.第二导声壁；1-9.外壳；1-10.内壳；1-11.入耳部；1-12.耳柄部；2.低音管道入声孔；3.调音网；4.盖板；4-1.后声腔泄声孔；4-2.点胶台阶；5.隔离网；6.后声腔；6-1.第一后声腔；6-2.第二后声腔；7.前声腔；8.低音管道；9.扬声器；9-1.振膜；9-2.后出声孔；10.导线。
具体实施方式
本发明的设计构思是：
针对现有技术中立体声耳塞低音管道设计复杂、生产成本高的缺陷，本发明提供了一种耳塞，其中低音管道利用后声腔中的壁状结构、以及耳塞的壳体内壁做相关结构设计，避免额外添加声学结构，一方面降低了耳塞生产成本，另一方面降低了耳塞组装难度，提高了产品生产的良率，并且在声学性能上具有更优秀的调整空间。
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例1
结合图1、图2、图3、图对本发明实施例1进行说明，在该实施例中提供了一种耳塞，包括:壳体1、扬声器9、以及声学结构。
壳体1中设置有声腔；
扬声器9设置于声腔中，并将声腔分为前声腔7和后声腔6；
声学结构,位于后声腔6内,声学结构包括第一导声壁1-7和盖板4,第一导声壁1-7附接于后声腔底面1-1，并配置为与壳体1的至少部分壳体内壁形成导声槽1-4，盖板4盖装于导声槽1-4上方槽口部位，使导声槽1-4构成从后声腔6连通到壳体1的至少一个开孔的低音管道8。
如图3所示，壳体1包括了耳塞的外壳1-9以及耳塞的内壳1-10，内壳1-10和外壳1-9可以是一体成型的，声腔正是由耳塞的内壳1-10和外壳1-9围成的。
前声腔7位于扬声器9的振膜9-1一端，后声腔6位于扬声器9的磁座(yoke)一端，扬声器9上设置有后出声孔9-2连通后声腔6，扬声器9工作时通过后出声孔9-2向后声腔6传递声音。
扬声器9四周需要与壳体1密封，以避免从四周漏音，降低音质。
后声腔底面1-1是内壳1-10的一部分，所以，第一导声壁1-7是附接于内壳1-10上，第一导声壁1-7可以和内壳1-10预先一体成型，第一导声壁1-7与外壳1-9的部分内壁形成导声槽1-4，之后在导声槽1-4上方槽口部位加装盖板4，从而形成了低音管道8。
低音管道8位于后声腔6内，且一端连通后声腔6，另一端连通壳体1上的开孔，此开孔与耳塞外部连通。连通后声腔6的一端作为低音管道8的入声孔2，从后声腔6传输的声音可以通过该低音管道入声孔2进入低音管道8内，并沿壳体1上的开孔传至壳体1外。
本发明实施例的耳塞，充分利用耳塞自身的壳体结构，结合后声腔中增设的壁状结构(第一导声壁)和盖板，形成低音管道作为耳塞的声学结构，可以实现耳塞的低音声学性能；另外，由于不需要额外考虑诸如现有技术中的低音管道的管道壁的厚度问题，减小了其占用的空间大小，增加了低音管道的面积，能改善耳塞的低频音质；再者，由于构成低音管道的管道壁分别是由壳体内壁以及附接在后声腔底面的壁状结构组成的，在安装时仅需安装盖板，大大降低了耳塞的组装难度，提高了生产良率，降低了生产成本。
本实施例中提供的耳塞，为无线式立体声耳塞，可以采用蓝牙通信，无线式立体声耳塞可以进一步分为左耳耳塞和右耳耳塞，其中均设置了上述声学结构。
作为进一步优化的设计：
如图1、图2所示，第一导声壁1-7为与壳体1内壁形状相适配的部分环状 壁，如近似“C”形。盖板4与第一导声壁1-7形状相似，也是呈近似“C”形。
前述声学结构还包括将第一导声壁1-7的一端与壳体1内壁连接的第二导声壁1-8，使导声槽1-4一端开口连通后声腔6，另一端连通到壳体1上的开孔处并且与壳体1内壁封闭,构成低音管道8。
因为耳塞通常是具有近似圆柱形外壳的，壳体1内壁也会呈现近似环状，为了适配壳体1内壁，第一导声壁1-7也就设计成了部分环状壁，这样能够合理利用后声腔6内的空间，也可以适当延长低音管道8，提高耳塞的低音效果。
如图3所示，通过第一导声壁1-7，结合壳体内壁即可形成低音管道8，由于仅需在后声腔中设置第一导声壁(或者在其基础上增设第二导声壁)，减少了整个低音管道占用后声腔的空间大小，使得后声腔6除了包括第一后声腔6-1外，还包括第二后声腔6-2，而现有技术中，由于低音管道是单独的管道结构，其将占用后声腔6中第一后声腔6-1下方的整个腔体空间，因此，本发明实施例相对现有技术，增大了后声腔腔体的空间，能有效改善低频音质。
在一种实施方式中，在后声腔6内设置一段直线状的第二导声壁1-8，第二导声壁1-8两端分别连接了第一导声壁1-7的一端与壳体1内壁，将第一导声壁1-7端部与壳体1内壁进行封闭，结合盖板，使得低音管道8与壳体1上的开孔连通。
第二导声壁1-8设计成直线状，可以保持低音管道8具有一致的宽度，盖板4的形状也更好设计，导声槽1-4上方槽口更容易被封盖。第二导声壁1-8也可以设计成近似弧形，不影响低音管道8宽度的一致性即可。
第二导声壁1-8也可以是与第一导声壁1-7、内壳1-10预先一体成型的。
作为进一步优化的设计：
为了在导声槽1-4上方槽口部位固定盖板4，本发明的一种实施方式中，在构建导声槽1-4的壳体1内壁上设置有第一台阶，通过第一台阶、第一导声壁1-7和第二导声壁1-8的上端使盖板4盖装于导声槽1-4上方槽口部位。即：利用第一台阶、第一导声壁1-7和第二导声壁1-8的上端来支撑盖板4。
在本实施例中，盖板4为平板状，截面为矩形。
而且，可以在盖板4边缘设置粘接剂加强固定。
为了增大粘接剂的覆盖面积，避免粘结剂影响低音管道的面积，可以进一步在盖板4的顶面一侧设置成台阶面，即与壳体1内壁相邻的一侧设置成台阶面，在台阶面处设置粘接剂从而将盖板4固定在导声槽1-4上方槽口部位。台阶 面的实质是留出了点胶槽，方便设置粘接剂。
作为进一步优化的设计：
壳体1上的开孔构成耳塞的耳塞泄声孔1-3，耳塞泄声孔1-3的中心轴线和导声槽1-4的槽底平行，并位于导声槽1-4槽底与导声槽1-4槽口之间。这样设计使得声音能够从耳塞泄声孔1-3顺畅传出。
由于后声腔6需要设置泄声孔，主要目的是平衡后声腔6与外界的压力，所以壳体1上的开孔在充当耳塞泄声孔1-3的同时，还可以连通耳塞的后声腔泄声孔4-1，不需要在壳体1上再单独开设另一泄声孔使之连通盖板4上的后声腔泄声孔4-1。
当然，基于耳塞设计需要，也可以在壳体1上再单独开设连通盖板4上的后声腔泄声孔4-1的泄声孔，这样壳体1上就会出现两个以上的开孔。
作为进一步优化的设计：
盖板4靠近耳塞泄声孔1-3的一端设置有后声腔泄声孔4-1，后声腔泄声孔4-1通过导声槽1-4连通耳塞泄声孔1-3，后声腔泄声孔4-1封盖有调音网3。
如图3所示，调音网3可以设置在盖板4下侧，这样固定更牢固。调音网3的目数是530，选用型号SATTIB080HY，针对调音网，通常根据声学仿真结果和实验测试结果选择合适目数的调音网。
后声腔泄声孔4-1也是后声腔6的一个泄声通道，声音可以通过后声腔泄声孔4-1、导声槽1-4、耳塞泄声孔1-3传出壳体1之外，后声腔6中的声音并非全部由低音管道8传出，而是部分由后声腔泄声孔4-1传出，部分由低音管道8传出。
耳塞泄声孔1-3封盖有隔离网5(mesh)，隔离网5的主要作用是为了防止外物从耳塞泄声孔1-3进入耳塞中。
作为进一步优化的设计：
后声腔底面1-1设置有穿线孔1-2，即在内壳1-10上设置有穿线孔1-2，扬声器9的导线10(FPC，即：软排线)从穿线孔1-2穿出。
导线10上端连接扬声器9内的音圈，下端连接耳塞的控制电路板，从而为扬声器9提供控制信号，控制扬声器9发声。
由于控制电路板是设置在声腔外部的，声腔底部具有内壳1-10，所以需要为导线10预留出入通道，穿线孔1-2就起到了出入通道作用。
为了防止后声腔6在穿线孔1-2处漏音，穿线孔1-2处需要点胶密封。
作为进一步优化的设计：
本实施例中的耳塞是入耳式的，所以壳体1包括耳柄部1-12和入耳部1-11，声腔设置在入耳部1-11中，前述的扬声器9、前声腔7、后声腔6、等均位于入耳部1-11中，前述的内壳1-10可以看成是耳柄部1-12和入耳部1-11的内部分界。低音管道8即位于耳柄部1-12和入耳部1-11的连接处。
耳柄部1-12中可以设置控制电路板、电池等部件。
作为进一步优化的设计：
如图3所示，入耳部1-11和耳柄部1-12之间设置弧形内凹段，耳塞泄声孔1-3设置在弧形内凹段，并且位于壳体1的纵向中心平面上，此纵向中心平面为沿耳柄部的长度方向(图1中的A-A剖面线对应的方向)的中心平面。这样设计在佩戴耳塞时，耳塞泄声孔1-3不会被人耳的耳廓阻挡。
前述的后声腔泄声孔4-1也位于壳体1的纵向中心平面上，这样与耳塞泄声孔1-3之间传声更顺畅。
实施例2
作为本发明的实施例2，与实施例1所不同的是，在本实施例中，在构建导声槽1-4的壳体1内壁上设置有第一台阶，在第一导声壁1-7和第二导声壁1-8的上端设置有第二台阶，通过第一台阶、第二台阶使盖板4盖装于导声槽1-4上方槽口部位。即：利用第一台阶、第二台阶来支撑盖板4。
第二台阶增加了对盖板4的限位结构，使得盖板4更容易安装到导声槽1-4上方槽口部位，同时也提高了安装牢固度。
在本实施例中，盖板4为平板状，截面为矩形。
而且，盖板4边缘需要设置粘接剂进行固定。
为了方便涂抹粘接剂，可以进一步在盖板4的顶面两侧设置成台阶面，在台阶面处设置粘接剂将盖板4固定在导声槽1-4上方槽口部位。
本实施例中耳塞的其他结构与实施例1中相同，此处不再重复描述。
实施例3
作为本发明的实施例3，与实施例1、实施例2所不同的是，在本实施例中，盖板4的底面设置有至少一个第三台阶。
此时，可以通过第一台阶、第一导声壁1-7和第二导声壁1-8的上端使盖板 4盖装于导声槽1-4上方槽口部位。即：利用第一台阶、第一导声壁1-7和第二导声壁1-8的上端、第三台阶来支撑盖板4。
或者，通过第一台阶、第一导声壁1-7和第二导声壁1-8的上端所设置的第二台阶、第三台阶使盖板4盖装于导声槽1-4上方槽口部位。
如果在盖板4的底面设置有一个第三台阶，第三台阶可以位于与壳体1内壁相邻的一侧，也可以位于与第一导声壁1-7和第二导声壁1-8相邻的一侧。
如果在盖板4的底面设置有两个第三台阶，盖板4的截面就是呈倒置“凸”字形。
第三台阶进一步增加了对盖板4的限位结构，使得盖板4更容易安装到导声槽1-4上方槽口部位，同时也提高了安装牢固度。
本实施例中耳塞的其他结构与实施例1中相同，此处不再重复描述。
实施例4
作为本发明的实施例4，与实施例1所不同的是，在本实施例中，后声腔底面1-1设置有容纳扬声器9导线10的折叠部分的导线槽1-5，导线槽1-5位于导声槽1-4的外侧，导线槽1-5是由后声腔底面1-1朝向后声腔6内凹构成的；导线槽1-5的顶部或侧部设置有第一穿线孔1-2，导线槽1-5的底部设置有第二穿线孔(图中未标示出)，扬声器9的导线10经第一穿线孔1-2、第二穿线孔穿出后声腔6。
如图3、4所示，导线槽1-5的开口朝下，在后声腔内形成凸起结构，导线槽1-5的底部位于下方开口处，为后声腔底面1-1的一部分，导线槽1-5的顶部开设有第一穿线孔1-2，即凸起结构的顶部，当然，也可以在导线槽1-5的侧面开设第一穿线孔，在导线槽1-5的底部开设有第二穿线孔，扬声器9的导线10从导线槽1-5顶部的第一穿线孔1-2进入导线槽1-5，然后从导线槽1-5底部的第二穿线孔穿出连接耳塞的控制电路板。
在组装耳塞时，有时导线10的长度会显得过长，在耳塞内部无法合理布局，此时可以利用导线槽1-5来收纳一部分导线10，优化耳塞内部空间。
第一穿线孔1-2、第二穿线孔处仍然需要点胶密封。
为了形成良好密封，导线槽1-5可以同时构成密封溶剂储存槽1-6，第一穿线孔1-2设置在密封溶剂储存槽1-6的的顶部，第二穿线孔设置在密封溶剂储存槽1-6的底部，密封溶剂储存槽1-6内添加密封溶剂从而密封第一穿线孔1-2和 第二穿线孔。
本实施例中耳塞的其他结构与实施例1中相同，此处不再重复描述。
本发明充分利用耳塞壳体1本身的结构，在后声腔6中只需增设盖板4以及壁状结构即可形成低音管道8，无需另外安装一独立的低音管道，减少现有的管道壁占有的内部空间，满足耳塞的小体积设计要求，并且由于减少了内部空间占用，使得扬声器9与壳体1组成的后声腔6腔体空间增大，能有效改善耳塞的低音音质。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施方式，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进、扩展等，均包含在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种耳塞，其特征在于，包括:
    壳体，所述壳体中设置有声腔；
    扬声器,设置于所述声腔中，并将所述声腔分为前声腔和后声腔；
    声学结构,位于所述后声腔内,所述声学结构包括第一导声壁和盖板,所述第一导声壁附接于所述后声腔底面，并配置为与所述壳体的至少部分壳体内壁形成导声槽，所述盖板盖装于所述导声槽上方槽口部位，使所述导声槽构成从所述后声腔连通到所述壳体的至少一个开孔的低音管道。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述第一导声壁为与所述壳体内壁形状相适配的部分环状壁。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述第一导声壁的形状为C形。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述声学结构还包括将所述第一导声壁的一端与所述壳体内壁连接的第二导声壁，使所述导声槽一端开口连通所述后声腔，另一端连通到所述开孔处并且与所述壳体内壁封闭,构成所述低音管道。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的耳塞，其特征在于，第二导声壁的形状为直线状；或者，第二导声壁的形状为弧形。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，构建所述导声槽的所述壳体内壁上设置有第一台阶；
    盖板通过第一台阶、第一导声壁和第二导声壁的上端，盖装于导声槽上方槽口部位。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，构建所述导声槽的所述壳体内壁上设置有第一台阶；
    所述第一导声壁、第二导声壁的上端设置有第二台阶，盖板通过第一台阶、第二台阶盖装于导声槽上方槽口部位。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，构建所述导声槽的所述壳体内壁上设置有第一台阶，所述盖板的底面设置有至少一个第三台阶，
    盖板通过第一台阶、第一导声壁和第二导声壁的上端及第三台阶，盖装于导声槽上方槽口部位。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，
    所述盖板的至少一侧设置成台阶面，在所述台阶面处设置粘接剂将所述盖板固定在所述导声槽上方槽口部位。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述开孔构成所述耳塞的耳塞泄声孔，所述耳塞泄声孔的中心轴线和所述导声槽的槽底平行，并位于所述导声槽槽底与导声槽槽口之间。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述盖板靠近所述耳塞泄声孔的一端设置有后声腔泄声孔，所述后声腔泄声孔通过所述导声槽连通所述耳塞泄声孔，
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的耳塞，其特征在于，
    所述后声腔泄声孔封盖有调音网，所述耳塞泄声孔封盖有隔离网。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述后声腔的底面设置有穿线孔，所述扬声器的导线从所述穿线孔穿出所述后声腔。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，
    所述后声腔的底面设置有容纳扬声器导线的导线槽，所述导线槽位于所述导声槽的外侧，所述导线槽是由所述后声腔的底面朝向所述后声腔内凹构成的；所述导线槽的顶部或侧部设置有第一穿线孔，所述导线槽的底部设置有第二穿线孔，所述扬声器的导线经所述第一穿线孔、所述第二穿线孔穿出所述后声腔。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述穿线孔处通过点胶密封。
  16. 根据权利要求14所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述导线槽构成密封溶剂储存槽，所述第一穿线孔设置在所述密封溶剂储存槽的顶部或侧部，所述第二穿线孔设置在所述密封溶剂储存槽的底部，所述密封溶剂储存槽内添加密封溶剂从而密封所述第一穿线孔和第二穿线孔。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述壳体包括耳柄部和入耳部，所述扬声器设置在所述入耳部；
    所述低音管道位于所述耳柄部和所述入耳部的连接处。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的耳塞，其特征在于，所述耳柄部和所述入耳部的连接处设置为弧形内凹段，所述开孔设置在所述弧形内凹段，并且所述开孔的中心轴线位于所述壳体的纵向中心平面上，所述纵向中心平面为沿所述耳柄部的长度方向的中心平面。
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