WO2020073804A1 - 方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机 - Google Patents

方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073804A1
WO2020073804A1 PCT/CN2019/107756 CN2019107756W WO2020073804A1 WO 2020073804 A1 WO2020073804 A1 WO 2020073804A1 CN 2019107756 W CN2019107756 W CN 2019107756W WO 2020073804 A1 WO2020073804 A1 WO 2020073804A1
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Prior art keywords
silicon steel
directional
steel sheet
iron core
directional silicon
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PCT/CN2019/107756
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄思伦
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深圳市善象智能科技企业(有限合伙)
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Publication of WO2020073804A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073804A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of electromechanical transmission, in particular to a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor.
  • Permanent magnet motors can generally be axial or radial.
  • the advantages of axial permanent magnet (AFPM) motors over traditional radial permanent magnet motors include: high torque-to-weight ratio, high efficiency, adjustable air gap, balanced rotor and stator attraction, and better heat removal rate. They can be easily and compactly mounted on wheels, making them ideal for hubs and direct drive applications.
  • Axial magnetic field motors are also called “disc motors", that is, the main magnetic field and the motor along the rotation axis.
  • Axial magnetic field motors are different from ordinary motors in that the magnetic flux direction is axial, the current-carrying conductors are placed radially, and the stator and rotor cores are of disc structure.
  • Axial flux motors have specific positioning of magnets that lie in a plane parallel to the coil.
  • Existing axial permanent magnet motors can be single-sided or double-sided, with or without armature slots, with or without armature cores, with built-in or external permanent magnet rotors, surface-mounted or internal permanent magnets, and single-stage or Multistage.
  • the double-sided salient pole has an outer stator or outer rotor.
  • the external stator means fewer permanent magnets, but the use of windings is poor, and the external rotor is considered to be particularly advantageous for the machine topology.
  • the topology of a double-sided axial permanent magnet motor is a stator with two rotors (torus) and two stators with a rotor, that is, an axial flux internal rotor (Axial Flux Internal Rotor, AFIR).
  • Figures 7 (a) to 7 (d) are schematic diagrams of existing axial magnetic flux paths and distributions.
  • the two-sided topology includes four types:
  • FIG. 7 (a), Axial Flux Internal Rotor (AFIR).
  • AFIR Axial Flux Internal Rotor
  • Figure 7 (b) the inner stator of the toroidal winding (Toroid, Wound, Internal Statistics, TORUS).
  • FIG. 7 (c) Axial Flux Internal Stator (AFIS).
  • YASA Yokeless And Segmented Armature
  • FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (d) A schematic diagram of their respective magnetic flux paths and the distribution of their main parts can be seen in FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (d). It can be seen from FIGS. 7 (a) to 7 (d) that the yoke of the permanent magnet of the rotor needs to be directional, and the stator core needs to be more directional.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a stator element composed of a disk-shaped base composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets constituting a long iron core and directional silicon steel sheets stacked on both ends thereof, and embedding permanent magnets in
  • the directional silicon steel sheet of the magnetic disk is used as the design structure of the rotor element, thereby reducing the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit, reducing the eddy current, and reducing the volume of the iron core and reducing the overall weight.
  • a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor includes a rotating shaft; certain sub-elements are connected to the rotating shaft, including two bases and a plurality of electromagnetic components, wherein each base is composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets stacked to form a disc Shape, a plurality of through holes are provided on the base at an annular interval, and the plurality of electromagnetic elements are composed of a long iron core composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a winding group wound on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core , Where the two ends of each iron core are provided with fixing parts corresponding to the size of the through hole of the base, which can be sleeved in the through hole of the base; and the two rotor elements are provided on both sides of the base of the stator element after passing through the rotating shaft, Each rotor element is composed of two magnetic guide disks and a plurality of permanent magnets, and a plurality of through holes are provided in the same space on the annular peripheral surface of each magnetic guide disk, and the permanent magnet
  • the same polarity is set in the circumferential direction, and the permanent magnets on the magnetic disk guide on both sides of the stator element With different magnetic poles (N, S on one side, S, N on the other side) Set in a relative manner; therefore, when the core winding is energized, the core and the disc-shaped silicon steel sheet base at both ends and the permanent magnets on both sides form a complete magnetic circuit, reducing the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit and reducing The effect of eddy current also reduces the volume of the iron core and reduces the overall weight.
  • the iron core in the stator element, the two disk-shaped bases, and the two disk-shaped conductive disks are directional silicon steel with grain orientation along the rolling direction Made of sheet (also called single-oriented silicon steel sheet or oriented silicon steel sheet), directional iron powder or directional magnetizer.
  • each iron core in the stator element is parallel to the center of the rotating shaft, and is uniformly distributed along the axis of the rotating shaft between two directional silicon steel sheets stacked to form a disc Shape the base on the inner circumference.
  • the elongated iron core may be one of a square shape, a rectangular shape, or a circular shape.
  • the present invention uses an iron core formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets.
  • the iron core winding group When the iron core winding group is energized, the iron core and the disk-shaped directional silicon steel sheet base at both ends and the permanent magnets on both sides can form a complete magnetic
  • the circuit reduces the reluctance of the magnetic circuit, reduces the eddy current, and reduces the volume of the core and reduces the overall weight.
  • a disk-shaped base composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets stacked at both ends of the iron core is used as a yoke base, which has the effect of reducing magnetic path loss.
  • the rotor element of the present invention is two oppositely-shaped circular magnetic disks.
  • the magnetic disk is composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets stacked to form a magnetic conductor as a permanent magnet. Multiple permanent magnets are embedded in the magnetic disk. Each permanent magnet is in the shape of a fan, one side of the fan is an N pole, and the other side is an S pole, and the adjacent polarity of each two permanent magnets is N, N, or S, S.
  • the same polarity is set in the circumferential direction, and the stator
  • the permanent magnets on the magnetic disks on both sides of the element are arranged in such a way that the different magnetic poles (N, S on one side and S, N on the other side) face each other; so no matter the permanent magnet rotates to any position, it can correspond to the iron core, And the iron core is close to its N pole and S pole, respectively, so that the permanent magnets corresponding to the two oppositely arranged magnetic disk rotor elements are exactly mutually exclusive, so that the magnetic flux passing through the iron core forms a complete magnetic circuit through its own internal base. That is, the N pole and S pole of the magnetic pole can form a complete magnetic circuit through the base in the rotor element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a partial combination of an directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial perspective exploded view of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the stator element and rotor element combination of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is an exploded view of Fig. 3.
  • 5 (a) and 5 (b) are schematic views of the arrangement of permanent magnet poles in the rotor element of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the direction of the magnetic flux generated by energization of the winding assembly of the present invention.
  • 7 (a) to 7 (d) are schematic diagrams of various existing axial magnetic flux paths and distributions.
  • the soft magnetic materials commonly used in the industry are mainly electromagnetic steel sheets, generally known as silicon steel sheets. Silicon steel is divided into grain-oriented and grain-non-oriented two categories according to the crystal crystallization direction.
  • the directional silicon steel is abbreviated as (CRGO, cold rolled-oriented steel), and its silicon content is about 3.2%.
  • the special rolling method is used to control the arrangement direction of the crystals so that the best soft magnetic properties are obtained along the rolling direction , Its magnetic flux density can increase by 30% in the rolling direction, mainly used in high-efficiency transformers and electric motors and other products.
  • Non-directional silicon steel is generally abbreviated as (CRNGO, cold non-grain-oriented steel), containing 2 to 3.5% silicon, and its magnetic properties in all directions are similar (isotropic).
  • the material is cheaper than directional silicon steel and is used in the direction of magnetic flux. Changed products such as motors and generators, and efficiency is less important.
  • the directional silicon steel sheet described in the following specification of the present invention refers to a "steel grain with grain orientation oriented in the rolling direction", also known as a single-oriented silicon steel sheet, a directional silicon steel sheet or an oriented silicon steel sheet.
  • directional silicon steel sheet in this specification refers to a silicon steel sheet having "crystalline texture with grain orientation in the rolling direction".
  • a directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor of the present invention includes a stator element 1, two rotor elements 2a, 2b arranged outside the stator element 1, and a set of two A rotating shaft 3 in the center of each rotor element 2a, 2b, a seat body 4 assembled to the outside of the stator element 1, and an upper cover 5 assembled to the opening of the seat body 4.
  • the stator element 1 includes two disk-shaped bases 11 a, 11 b and a plurality of electromagnetic elements 12.
  • the bases 11a and 11b are formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets as a yoke, and the bases 11a and 11b are provided with a plurality of through holes 13a and 13b at an annular interval.
  • the electromagnetic element 12 includes an elongated iron core 121 composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets and a winding group 122 wound on the outer peripheral surface of the iron core 121.
  • the two ends of the iron core 121 are provided with through holes 13a corresponding to the bases 11a and 11b.
  • the iron core 121 in the illustration of this embodiment is round.
  • the iron core can be rectangular, rectangular, circular, or other shapes that can be easily wound around the coil, and is not limited to a circular long strip. shape.
  • the two rotor elements 2a, 2b are disposed through the rotating shaft 3 and are disposed outside the bases 11a, 11b of the stator element 1.
  • Each rotor element 2a, 2b includes magnetic disks 21a, 21b and a plurality of permanent magnets 22a, 22b.
  • the magnetic disks 21a, 21b are formed by stacking a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets to form a circular shape, and the magnetic disks 21a, 21b are the same on the annular peripheral surface
  • a plurality of through-holes 23a, 23b are provided in the compartment, and the permanent magnet 22a is embedded in the through-holes 23a, 23b of the magnetic disks 21a, 21b, as shown in FIG. 5 (a), FIG.
  • Each permanent magnet 22a, 22b is fan-shaped, one side of the fan is N-pole, and the other side is S-pole, the adjacent of each two permanent magnets are N, N or S, S, the same polarity is set in the circumferential direction,
  • the permanent magnets on the magnetic disks of the rotor elements 2a and 2b on both sides are arranged in such a manner that the different magnetic poles (N, S on one side and S, N on the other side) face each other.
  • the iron core 121 with directional silicon steel sheet and the disc-shaped directional silicon steel sheet yoke bases 11a, 11b at both ends, and the permanent magnets 22a, 22b are embedded
  • each two iron cores 121 and the disk-shaped silicon steel sheet yoke bases 11a, 11b and The permanent magnets 22a and 22b on both sides form a complete magnetic circuit.
  • the effect of reducing eddy current can be achieved, while reducing the volume of the iron core and reducing the overall weight.
  • the directional silicon steel sheet axial magnetic field motor of the present invention controls the rolling direction and the direction of the Gaussian texture (that is, the grain-oriented structure with [110] crystal plane and [100] crystal orientation) produced by recrystallization technology.
  • the directional silicon steel sheet is a special processing of silicon steel sheet, which can make the magnetic force line pass along the rolling direction, the magnetic resistance is small, and the magnetic permeability is good.
  • the use of directional silicon steel sheet in the core can reduce the volume of the core and thus reduce the weight.
  • the two magnetic poles N and S of each permanent magnet provided in the magnetic disks 21 a and 21 b are close to each other by N and N poles or two phases of S and S poles They are arranged close to each other, and the permanent magnets of the magnetic disks 21a, 21b of the rotor elements 1 on both sides are arranged so that the different magnetic poles (N, S on one side and S, N on the other side) face each other.
  • the iron core 121 in the stator element 1 is composed of a plurality of directional silicon steel sheets, which can reduce the effect of eddy current, and is jointly held by the disk-shaped yoke bases 11a, 11b made of one directional silicon steel sheet.
  • the iron core 121 can be selected, for example, iron powder with directivity or other conventional magnetic conductors with directivity as the iron core, which does not hinder the implementation of this case.
  • the multiple iron cores 121 of the present invention have a circular center shape parallel to the rotating shaft 3, and are uniformly distributed along the axis of the rotating shaft 3 on two directional silicon steel sheets stacked to form a disc shape
  • the number of permanent magnets of the magnetic discs 21a and 21b is six, the number of the electromagnetic elements 12 is nine, and the number (b) of the electromagnetic elements 12 is a number that can be divided by three, and each of the magnetic discs 21a and 21b
  • the number of permanent magnets in (a) divided by the number of electromagnetic elements 12 (b) is less than or equal to 1.1 (a / b ⁇ 1.1), as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the iron cores 121 are evenly arranged, no matter the permanent magnets 22a and 22b are rotated to any position, they can correspond to the iron core 121, and the iron core 121 is close to the N pole and the S pole, respectively, so that the two sides guide the disk
  • the permanent magnets corresponding to each other in 21a and 21b are exactly mutually exclusive, and the magnetic flux of the iron core 121 here can pass through the disk-shaped bases 11a and 11b yokes at both ends of the internal iron core 121 to form a complete magnetic circuit. That is, the N pole and S pole of the magnetic pole can form a complete magnetic circuit through the disk-shaped bases 11a, 11b yokes at both ends of the iron core 121.

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  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，至少包括：一转轴；一定子元件，包括两个基座及多个电磁元件，多个电磁元件设在两个基座内侧，电磁元件由铁芯及绕线组组成；以及两个转子元件，设在定子元件基座外侧，各转子元件由导磁盘以及多个间隔嵌设在导磁盘的永久磁铁构成，每个永久磁铁为扇形状，扇形一侧为N极，另一侧S极，且每两永久磁铁的相邻都为相同极性设置，而在转子元件中导磁盘上的永久磁铁以相异磁极彼此相对的方式设置在圆周方向；由此，当铁芯绕线组通电时，铁芯与其两端圆盘状方向性硅钢片磁轭基座以及两侧永久磁铁可形成完整磁回路，减少磁路的磁阻，达到降低涡电流作用，同时具有缩小铁芯体积，减轻整体重量。

Description

方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种机电传动技术领域，特别是指一种方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机。
背景技术
现在用于电动汽车、电动飞机的电机技术关键是高比功率、大输出功率。现有的传统电机由于结构限制的原因，在大功率情况下功率密度很低，无法满足电动汽车、电动飞机等对功率密度很高的要求，永磁电动机在所有电动机中效率最高，这是因为励磁采用了永磁体，没有功率消耗；其磁通密度高，获得高转矩，从而能使电动机体积小而且重量轻。
永磁电机一般可以轴向或径向。轴向永磁(AFPM)电机优于传统的径向永磁电机的优点包括：高的转矩重量比、高效率、可调节的气隙、平衡的转子与定子吸引力以及更好的热去除率。它们可以简单而紧凑地安装在车轮上，非常适合轮毂，适用于直接驱动应用。
轴向磁场马达也叫“圆盘马达”，即主磁场与沿转轴方向的马达。轴向磁场马达与普通马达不同，其磁通方向为轴向，载电流的导体是径向放置，定子和转子铁心为盘式结构。轴向磁通的电机具有磁体的特定定位，这些磁体处于与线圈平行的平面。
现有的轴向永磁电机可以是单面或双面的，有或没有电枢槽，有或没有电枢铁心，具有内置或外部永磁转子，表面安装或内部永久磁铁，以及单级或多级。
双面凸极具有外定子或外转子。外部定子意味着更少的永磁体，但绕组的使用较差，而外部转子被认为对于机器拓扑特别有利。双面轴向永磁电机的拓扑是一个定子两个转子(环面)以及两个定子一个转子，亦即是轴向磁通内转子(Axial Flux Internal Rotor,AFIR)。
图7(a)至图7(d)所示为现有轴向磁通路径和分布的示意图，双面拓扑包括4种：
图7(a)，轴向磁通内转子(Axial Flux Internal Rotor,AFIR)。
图7(b)，环形绕线内定子(Toroid Ally Wound Internal Stator,TORUS)。
图7(c)，轴向磁通内定子(Axial Flux Internal Stator,AFIS)。
图7(d)，无轭分段电枢(Yokeless And Segmented Armature,YASA)。在图7(a)至图7(d)中可以看到它们各自的磁通路径及其主要部分的分布的示意图。由图7(a)至图7(d)可以看出转子永磁的轭需要有方向性，同时定子铁心更需要有方向性。
发明内容
本发明主要目的在于，提供一种利用多数方向性硅钢片构成长条状铁芯及其两端的方向性硅钢片叠设构成的圆盘形状基座构成的定子元件，以及将永久磁铁嵌设于导磁盘方向性硅钢片做为转子元件的设计结构，由此减少磁路的磁阻，达到降低涡电流作用，同时具有缩小铁芯体积，减轻整体重量。
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案为：
一种方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，包括一转轴；一定子元件组接在转轴上，包括两个基座及多个电磁元件，其中各基座由多数方向性硅钢片叠设构成圆盘形状，在基座上以环状间隔设置有多个贯穿孔，所述多个电磁元件由多个方向性硅钢片构成的长条状铁芯及缠绕在铁芯外周面上的绕线组组成，其中各铁芯两端设有对应基座贯穿孔大小的固定部，可套接在基座的贯穿孔中；以及两个转子元件，穿过转轴后设在定子元件的基座两侧，各转子元件由两个导磁盘及多个永久磁铁构成，各导磁盘环形周面上相同间格设有多个贯穿孔，永久磁铁嵌设在贯穿孔中，每个永久磁铁为扇形状，扇形一侧为N极，另一侧为S极，且每两永久磁铁的相邻都为N、N或S、S相同极性设置在圆周方向，而在定子元件两侧导磁盘上的永久磁铁以相异磁极(一侧N、S，另一侧为S、N)彼此相对的方式设置；由此，当铁芯绕线组通电时，铁芯与其两端圆盘状方向性硅钢片基座以及两侧永久磁铁形成完整磁回路，减少磁路的磁阻，达到降低涡电流作用，同时具有缩小铁芯体积，减轻整体重量。
在上述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机中，所述永久磁铁宽度L，两相邻永久磁铁间隙ΔL，铁芯宽度L1等于永久磁铁宽度一半(L/2)+两相邻永久磁铁间隙ΔL，L1＝(L/2)+ΔL。
在上述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机中，所述定子元件中的铁芯、两个圆盘形状基座、及两个圆盘形状导磁盘为晶粒取向沿轧制方向的方向性硅钢片(亦称单取向硅钢片或定向硅钢片)、具方向性的铁粉或具方向性导磁体制成。
在上述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机中，所述定子元件中的每一铁芯平行转轴圆心，并以沿转轴轴向均匀间格分布于两个方向性硅钢片叠设构成的圆盘形状基座内侧圆周上。
在上述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机中，所述长条状铁芯可以为方型、矩型或圆型中的一种。
本发明的优点：
(1)本发明使用多数方向性硅钢片叠设构成的铁芯，当铁芯绕线组通电时，铁芯与其两端圆盘形状方向性硅钢片基座以及两侧永久磁铁可形成完整磁回路，减少磁路的磁阻，达到降低涡电流作用，同时具有缩小铁芯体积，减轻整体重量。
(2)本发明在铁芯两端使用多数方向性硅钢片叠设构成的圆盘形状基座，做为磁轭(Yoke)基座，具有降低磁路损失作用。
(3)本发明转子元件为两个相对设置的圆形状导磁盘，该导磁盘为多数方向性硅钢片叠设构成做为永久磁铁的导磁，其中多个永久磁铁嵌设于导磁盘中，每个永久磁铁为扇形状，扇形一侧为N极，另一侧为S极，且每两永久磁铁的相邻都为N、N或S、S相同极性设置在圆周方向，而在定子元件两侧导磁盘上的永久磁铁以相异磁极(一侧N、S，另一侧为S、N)彼此相对的方式设置；所以无论永久磁铁转动至任何位置，都可以恰好对应铁芯，且铁芯分别接近其N极和S极，使得两个相对设置的导磁盘转子元件相互对应的永久磁铁正好互斥，使通过铁芯的磁通，经自己内部基座构成一个完整磁回路。即磁极的N极和S极可以通过转子元件中的基座构成一个完整磁回路。
附图说明
图1为本发明方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电机的局部组合剖视示意图。
图2为本发明局部立体分解示意图。
图3为本发明定子元件及转子元件组合剖视示意图。
图4为图3分解示意图。
图5(a)和图5(b)为本发明转子元件中永久磁铁磁极设置示意图。
图6为本发明绕线组通电产生磁通方向示意图。
图7(a)至图7(d)为现有各种轴向磁通路径和分布示意图。
符号说明：
1-定子元件
11a-基座
11b-基座
12-电磁元件
121-铁芯
122-绕线组
12a-固定部
12b-固定部
13a-贯穿孔
13b-贯穿孔
2a-转子元件
21a-导磁盘
22a-永久磁铁
23a-贯穿孔
2b-转子元件
21b-导磁盘
22b-永久磁铁
23b-贯穿孔
3-转轴。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合 附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
工业上常用的软磁材料，主要为电磁钢片，一般称为硅钢片，硅钢依晶粒结晶方向分成方向性(grain-oriented)与非方向性(grain non-oriented)两大类。方向性硅钢缩写为(CRGO,cold rolled grain-oriented steel)，其硅含量约为3.2％，利用特殊轧延法，控制结晶的排列方向，使沿着滚压的方向得到最佳的软磁性质，其磁通密度在滚轧方向可增加30％，主要应用于高效率的变压器及电动马达等产品。非方向性硅钢一般缩写为(CRNGO,cold rolled non-grain-oriented steel)，含2到3.5％的硅，其各方向的磁性相似(isotropic)，材料较方向性硅钢便宜，应用在磁通量的方向改变的电动机和发电机等，且效率较不重要等产品。
首先叙明，在以下本发明说明书中所述的方向性硅钢片是指“晶粒取向沿轧制方向的结晶织构”的硅钢片，也称单取向硅钢片、定向性硅钢片或取向硅钢片。
在本说明书中的“方向性硅钢片”用语是指“晶粒取向沿轧制方向的结晶织构”的硅钢片。
请参考图1及图2所示，本发明一种方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电机，包括有一个定子元件1、两个设置在定子元件1外侧的转子元件2a、2b、一个组设在两个转子元件2a、2b中心的转轴3、一个组接在定子元件1外部的座体4、以及一个组接在座体4开口的上盖5。
再参考图3及图4所示，所述定子元件1包括两个圆盘形状基座11a、11b及多个电磁元件12。基座11a、11b由多数方向性硅钢片叠设构成做为磁轭，基座11a、11b上以环状间隔设置有多个贯穿孔13a、13b。电磁元件12包含多个方向性硅钢片构成的长条状铁芯121以及缠绕在铁芯121外周面上的绕线组122，铁芯121两端设有对应基座11a、11b贯穿孔13a、13b大小的方形固定部12a、12b，固定部12a、12b可套接在两基座11a、11b的贯穿孔13a、13b中。在本实施例图示中的铁芯121为圆型，于实施本发明时，铁芯可以使用方型、矩型、圆型或其他可以容易缠绕线圈的形状，并不限定为圆型长条状。
请再参考图3及图4所示，所述两个转子元件2a、2b穿过转轴设 3后设在定子元件1的基座11a、11b外侧。每个转子元件2a、2b包括有导磁盘21a、21b及多数永久磁铁22a、22b，导磁盘21a、21b由多数方向性硅钢片叠设构成圆形状，各导磁盘21a、21b环形周面上相同间格设有多个贯穿孔23a、23b，永久磁铁22a嵌设在导磁盘21a、21b的贯穿孔23a、23b中，配合参考图5(a)、图5(b)及图6所示，其中每个永久磁铁22a、22b为扇形状，扇形一侧为N极，另一侧为S极，每两永久磁铁的相邻都为N、N或S、S相同极性设置在圆周方向，而两侧转子元件2a、2b中导磁盘上的永久磁铁以相异磁极(一侧N、S，另一侧为S、N)彼此相对的方式设置。
又如图3及图6所示，本发明通过具方向性硅钢片的铁芯121及其两端圆盘形状方向性硅钢片磁轭基座11a、11b，以及嵌设永久磁铁22a、22b的导磁方向性硅钢片的导磁盘21a、21b结构设计，当铁芯121绕线组122通电时，每两个铁芯121与其两端圆盘状方向性硅钢片磁轭基座11a、11b以及两侧永久磁铁22a、22b形成完整磁回路，如图6所示，可以达到降低涡电流作用，同时具有缩小铁芯体积，减轻整体重量。
本发明方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，通过控制轧制方向和采用再结晶技术生产的具有高斯织构(即具有[110]晶面与[100]晶向的晶粒取向的组织)的方向性硅钢片。方向性硅钢片是硅钢片进行特殊加工，可以使磁力线沿压延方向通过时，磁阻小、导磁性佳，铁心使用方向性硅钢片，可以使铁心体积缩小，因而减轻重量。
如图6所示，对本发明而言，设在导磁盘21a、21b中的每个永久磁铁的两磁极N、S，都是以N、N极两两相接近或S、S极两两相接近的方式设置，而且两侧转子元件1导磁盘21a、21b的永久磁铁以相异磁极(一侧N、S，另一侧为S、N)彼此相对的方式设置。
此外，定子元件1中的铁芯121为多数方向性硅钢片构成，可以降低涡电流作用，并共同受一个方向性硅钢片构成的圆盘形状磁轭基座11a、11b固持。
在本发明实施时，铁芯121可以选择，例如具有方向性的铁粉压铸而成或其他惯用具有方向性的磁导体作为铁芯，均无碍于本案实施。
如图4至图6所示，又本发明所述多个铁芯121以平行转轴3圆 心，并以沿转轴3轴向均匀间格分布于两个方向性硅钢片叠设构成的圆盘形状基座11a、11b内侧圆周上，各导磁盘21a、21b中的每个永久磁铁宽度L，两相邻永久磁铁间隙ΔL，铁芯宽度L1等于永久磁铁宽度一半(L/2)加上两相邻永久磁铁间隙ΔL，L1＝(L/2)+ΔL，如图6所示。本实施例中导磁盘21a、21b的永久磁铁设置数量为6个，电磁元件12设置数量为9个，电磁元件12设置数量(b)为可被3除的数量，且各导磁盘21a、21b中的永久磁铁设置数量(a)除以电磁元件12设置数量(b)小于等于1.1(a/b≤1.1)，如图6所示。
据此，由于各铁芯121间均匀配置，所以无论永久磁铁22a、22b转动至任何位置，都可以恰好对应铁芯121，且铁芯121分别接近其N极和S极，使得两侧导磁盘21a、21b相互对应的永久磁铁正好互斥，可以通过此处的铁芯121的磁通经过自己内部铁芯121两端的圆盘形状基座11a、11b磁轭构成一个完整磁回路。即磁极的N极和S极可以通过铁芯121两端的圆盘形状基座11a、11b磁轭构成一个完整磁回路。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳具体实施方案，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，至少包括：
    一转轴；
    一定子元件，组接在转轴上，包括两个基座及多个电磁元件，其中各基座由多数方向性硅钢片叠设构成圆盘形状，在基座上以环状间隔设置有多个贯穿孔，所述多个电磁元件由多个方向性硅钢片构成的长条状铁芯及缠绕在铁芯外周面上的绕线组组成，其中各铁芯两端设有对应基座贯穿孔大小的固定部，能够套接在基座的贯穿孔中；以及
    两个转子元件，穿过转轴后设在定子元件的基座外侧，各转子元件由两个导磁盘及多个永久磁铁构成，各导磁盘环形周面上相同间格设有多个贯穿孔，永久磁铁嵌设在贯穿孔中，每个永久磁铁为扇形状，扇形一侧为N极，另一侧为S极，且每两永久磁铁的相邻都为N、N或S、S相同极性设置在圆周方向，而两侧转子元件中导磁盘上的永久磁铁以相异磁极彼此相对的方式设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，其特征在于，所述永久磁铁宽度L，两相邻永久磁铁间隙ΔL，铁芯宽度L1等于永久磁铁宽度一半L/2+两相邻永久磁铁间隙ΔL，L1＝(L/2)+ΔL。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，其特征在于，所述定子元件中的铁芯为晶粒取向沿轧制方向的方向性硅钢片、具方向性的铁粉或具方向性导磁体制成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，其特征在于，所述定子元件中的每一铁芯平行转轴圆心，并以沿转轴轴向均匀间格分布于两个方向性硅钢片叠设构成的圆盘形状基座内侧圆周上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，其特征在于，所述定子元件中的两个圆盘形状基座为晶粒取向沿轧制方向的方向性硅钢片、具方向性的铁粉或具方向性导磁体制成。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，其特征在于，所述转子元件中的两个圆形状导磁盘为晶粒取向沿轧制方向组织的方向性硅钢片、具方向性的铁粉或具方向性导磁体制成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方向性硅钢片轴向磁场电动机，其特征在于，所述长条状铁芯为方型、矩型或圆型中的一种。
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