WO2020073580A1 - 摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置及方法 - Google Patents

摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020073580A1
WO2020073580A1 PCT/CN2019/075868 CN2019075868W WO2020073580A1 WO 2020073580 A1 WO2020073580 A1 WO 2020073580A1 CN 2019075868 W CN2019075868 W CN 2019075868W WO 2020073580 A1 WO2020073580 A1 WO 2020073580A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire rope
positioning
hydraulic cylinder
friction
steel wire
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2019/075868
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
牛强
王重秋
夏士雄
陈朋朋
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Priority to CA3115559A priority Critical patent/CA3115559C/en
Publication of WO2020073580A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020073580A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
    • G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0262—Shape of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0278—Thin specimens
    • G01N2203/028—One dimensional, e.g. filaments, wires, ropes or cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and method for testing the bearing performance of a steel wire rope, in particular to a device and method for testing the bearing performance of a steel wire rope suitable for a friction hoist
  • the vertical shaft hoist as the main mine hoisting equipment is responsible for the important tasks of lifting coal gangue, lowering materials, lifting personnel and equipment, and is the connection hub between the underground coal mine and the ground, in which the friction hoist occupies a dominant position.
  • the wire rope is directly related to the safety of mine lifting. According to the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations", the scrapping and replacement of wire ropes is generally 2 years, and when the number of broken wires suddenly increases or the elongation suddenly accelerates, they must be replaced immediately. Before installing a new rope, it should be avoided that the new rope reduces the load-bearing performance of the hoist, causing major safety hazards.
  • the shaft hoist is a key long-term coal mine equipment, and the rope replacement needs to interrupt coal lifting transportation. If the rope needs to be repaired after the rope is replaced, it will cause significant economic losses. Therefore, before replacing a new rope, it is necessary to conduct strict load-bearing test on the steel rope.
  • the factory inspection of steel wire ropes mainly adopts the linear tension and torsion test of the steel wire rope, or the tensile, torsion and torsion test of the steel wire, and ignores the key factors that affect the fatigue life of the steel wire rope, such as the winding radius and the wrap angle of the steel wire rope. , And does not accurately reflect the carrying capacity of the wire rope.
  • the research on the detection of steel wire ropes mainly focuses on the detection of mines in active service.
  • the new steel wire rope non-destructive testing device with application number CN201710462492.X adopts the method of magnetic flux leakage to detect steel wire rope defects.
  • some scholars set up various test stands to test the single performance of the steel wire rope.
  • the steel wire rope high-speed and fretting friction test device with the authorization number CN201410728384.9 can simulate the friction behavior between the steel wire ropes and analyze different sliding speeds and fretting The friction state of the wire rope under friction conditions.
  • the above research cannot perform uniform tests on vertical shaft friction hoists of different specifications.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art, and to provide a friction hoist steel rope load-bearing performance testing device and method with a simple structure and both reliability and practicality.
  • the friction hoist steel wire bearing performance testing device of the present invention includes a loading hydraulic cylinder connected to the tested steel wire rope, a hydraulic cylinder positioning platform, a wrap angle positioning device, several steel wire rope positioning devices and a steel wire rope positioning platform
  • the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform is arranged in a vertical direction, and a plurality of rows of hydraulic cylinder positioning holes are arranged in parallel on the above.
  • the steel wire positioning platform is in an arc shape and is located on the same plane and opposite to the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform.
  • the steel wire rope positioning platform is provided with a number of rows of positioning holes arranged in a circle.
  • the hydraulic cylinder positioning holes are arranged side by side on the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform in the horizontal direction; the surrounding angle positioning device passes The positioning holes are arranged on the straight section of the wire rope positioning platform in the vertical direction; several wire rope positioning devices are arranged on the arc section of the wire rope positioning platform in the radial direction through the positioning holes.
  • the surrounding angle positioning device includes positioning telescopic rod sleeve, surrounding angle positioning slide table, surrounding angle positioning screw, surrounding angle positioning screw nut, positioning telescopic rod, surrounding angle positioning roller, and surrounding angle Positioning friction pad, surrounding angle positioning support platform, surrounding angle positioning support and surrounding angle positioning handwheel; the surrounding angle positioning support platform is provided on the surrounding angle positioning support, and the surrounding angle is positioned
  • the lead screw, the wrap angle positioning screw nut and the wrap angle positioning handwheel are coaxially arranged, and the rotation of the wrap angle positioning handwheel drives the wrap angle positioning screw to rotate, thereby pushing the wrap angle positioning screw nut Move back and forth;
  • the wrap angle positioning slide table is fixed to the wrap angle positioning screw nut, which can slide on the upper surface of the wrap angle positioning support table in the axial direction, and the positioning telescopic rod sleeve is arranged in the wrap around the axis
  • the top of the positioning telescopic rod is provided with a wrap angle positioning roller, and the rim of the wrap angle positioning roller is
  • the wire rope positioning device includes a wire rope positioning support platform, a bidirectional hydraulic pump, a wire rope positioning screw, a wire rope positioning support, a hydraulic pump positioning bolt, a hydraulic pump spindle, a wire rope positioning main roller, a wire rope positioning main slide table, a wire rope positioning friction lining Pad, wire rope clamping bolt, wire rope positioning auxiliary roller, wire rope positioning auxiliary sliding table, wire rope positioning screw nut, wire rope clamping nut and wire rope positioning hand wheel;
  • the wire rope positioning support platform is provided on the wire rope positioning support, the The wire rope positioning screw, the wire rope positioning screw nut and the wire rope positioning hand wheel are coaxially arranged, and the rotation of the wire rope positioning hand wheel drives the rotation of the wire rope positioning screw, thereby pushing the wire rope positioning screw nut forward and backward;
  • the wire rope positioning main slide It is fixed on the wire rope positioning screw nut and can slide on the upper surface of the wire rope positioning support table in the axial direction;
  • the hydraulic pump positioning bolt coaxially fixes the bidirectional hydraulic pump and
  • Wire rope positioning main roller drives hydraulic pump spindle synchronization Rotate;
  • the wire rope positioning auxiliary sliding table is provided on the upper surface of the wire rope positioning supporting table, the wire rope positioning auxiliary sliding table is provided with a wire rope positioning auxiliary roller, the axis of the wire rope positioning main roller and the wire rope positioning auxiliary roller are on a straight line;
  • the wire rope positioning main slide table and the wire rope positioning auxiliary slide table are provided with collinear through holes on both sides, and the wire rope clamping bolt passes through the through hole from one end to connect the wire rope positioning main slide table and the wire rope positioning auxiliary slide table together , And tightened at the other end by the wire rope clamping nut, so that the wire rope positioning main roller and the wire rope positioning auxiliary roller can clamp the steel wire rope under squeezing force;
  • the rim of the wire rope positioning main roller and the wire rope positioning auxiliary roller are provided with The groove is equipped with a steel wire rope positioning friction pad, and the steel wire rope positioning friction pad is provided with a rope groove.
  • the loading hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.
  • the loading hydraulic cylinder includes a loading hydraulic cylinder sleeve, a loading hydraulic cylinder support and a loading hydraulic cylinder piston rod; the front end of the loading hydraulic cylinder piston rod is provided with a steel wire lock sleeve, and The two ends of the tested steel wire rope connected to the loading hydraulic cylinder are clamped in the steel wire rope lock via the installed steel wire rope lock, and the tensile force is applied to the steel wire rope by the loading hydraulic cylinder; the two loading hydraulic cylinders are the driving side and the load side,
  • the hydraulic cylinder on the drive side adjusts the oil pressure of the oil inlet to drive the piston rod of the loading hydraulic cylinder to pull the steel wire rope under test, and the hydraulic cylinder on the load side adjusts the hydraulic pressure of the oil outlet to suppress the steel wire rope under test from dragging and loading the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the length of the piston rod of the loading hydraulic cylinder is greater than the circumference of the largest diameter friction hoist.
  • the number of the wire rope positioning devices depends on the test accuracy of different diameter friction hoists.
  • the hole density of the positioning holes of the hydraulic cylinder in the vertical direction depends on the vertical distance clamped by the two loading hydraulic cylinders to meet the test requirements of friction elevators with different diameters.
  • the hole density of the positioning holes along the circumferential direction depends on the arc formed by the surrounding angle positioning device and several wire rope positioning devices to meet the test requirements of friction hoists with different diameters and surrounding angles.
  • the test method using the above-mentioned friction hoist wire rope bearing performance test device includes the following steps:
  • the fine adjustment of the telescopic length of the positioning telescopic rod pushes the enveloping angle positioning roller to move forward and backward in a small range, and finally the arc diameter enclosed by the enveloping angle positioning roller and the outer edges of several wire rope positioning main rollers is equal to the diameter of the friction elevator
  • the arc angle is equal to the wrap angle ⁇ of the friction hoist.
  • the two loading hydraulic cylinders are arranged side by side on the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform through the hydraulic cylinder positioning holes in the horizontal direction. The vertical distance between the two hydraulic cylinders is:
  • B is the width of the actual friction pad of the hoist
  • ⁇ is the friction coefficient of the actual friction pad
  • k is the compensation coefficient
  • r is the radius of the wire rope positioning main roller (5-g)
  • F L1 kf 1 + kf 2 + kf 3 + kf 4 + kf 5 + kf 6 + kf 7 + F L2 to simulate the wire rope drag process of the actual friction hoist, and The creeping process of the wire rope in the enveloping arc during the friction lifting process;
  • the driving side and the loading side hydraulic cylinder simulate the coal lifting process of the actual friction hoist, and alternately pull and drag the tested wire rope at this time.
  • the percentage of broken wires and the unit elongation of the wire rope are within the allowable threshold during multiple cycles, it can be detected whether the tested wire rope meets the fatigue life requirements.
  • the flow of loading hydraulic cylinder and bidirectional hydraulic pump can greatly speed up the testing process.
  • the friction hoist steel wire bearing performance testing device can perform a unified test on the bearing performance of vertical shaft friction hoisting steel wire ropes with different drum diameters and drum wrapping angles.
  • the different types of steel wire ropes are uniformly checked before on-site installation, which avoids the repeated testing investment of large-scale production enterprises and improves the manufacturing quality of small-scale production enterprises, so as to standardize the steel wire rope market and ensure the load-bearing performance of the steel rope.
  • the present invention is based on the principle of double-acting hydraulic cylinder driving wire rope and bidirectional hydraulic pump to provide load damping to simulate the actual friction lifting process.
  • the wire rope positioning device and enveloping angle positioning device based on screw drive can be used to adapt to different reel diameters. Different enveloping angles can be applied; hydraulic cylinder loading can simulate vicious working conditions such as overload and secondary heavy load, and test the tensile performance of the steel wire rope under extreme working conditions; the hydraulic pump provides load damping to simulate the cutting of the steel wire rope along the actual drum Directional force distribution, thereby simulating the creeping process of the steel wire rope in the enveloping arc, so as to accurately test the fatigue life of the steel wire rope, so as to realize the accurate test of the steel wire rope load bearing performance, and can meet the test of friction hoists with different drum diameters and different enveloping angles Demand, simple structure, high reliability and strong versatility are of great significance to ensure the improvement of the load-bearing performance of the steel wire rope and the safety of friction.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the surrounding angle positioning device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the wire rope positioning and loading device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the steel wire rope of the loading hydraulic cylinder of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the test principle of the device of the present invention.
  • a friction hoist wire rope bearing performance testing device of the present invention is mainly composed of two loading hydraulic cylinders 1, a hydraulic cylinder positioning platform 2, an enveloping angle positioning device 4, a number of wire rope positioning devices 5, and a wire rope
  • the positioning platform 6 is composed of the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform 2 arranged in a vertical direction, the wire rope positioning platform 6 and the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform 2 are in the same plane and are arranged oppositely, and the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform 2 is provided with several rows of hydraulic pressure arranged in parallel Cylinder positioning hole 2-a, the wire rope positioning platform 6 is provided with a number of rows of positioning holes 6-a arranged in a circle, two loading hydraulic cylinders 1 are arranged side by side on the hydraulic cylinder positioning platform 2 through the hydraulic cylinder positioning holes 2-a in the horizontal direction Upper; enveloping angle positioning device 4 is provided on the straight section of the wire rope positioning platform 6 through the positioning hole 6-a in the vertical direction; several wire rope positioning devices 5 are provided on the circle of the wire rope positioning platform 6 through the positioning
  • the surrounding angle positioning device 4 includes a positioning telescopic rod sleeve 4-a, an surrounding angle positioning slide 4-b, an surrounding angle positioning screw 4-c, and an surrounding angle positioning wire Bar nut 4-d, positioning telescopic rod 4-e, surrounding angle positioning roller 4-f, surrounding angle positioning friction pad 4-g, surrounding angle positioning support platform 4-h, surrounding angle positioning support 4 -i and the wrap angle positioning handwheel 4-j;
  • the wrap angle positioning support 4-h is set on the wrap angle positioning support 4-i, the wrap angle positioning screw 4-c, the wrap angle positioning The screw nut 4-d and the wrap angle positioning handwheel 4-j are coaxially arranged, and the rotation of the wrap angle positioning handwheel 4-j drives the wrap angle positioning screw 4-c to rotate, thereby pushing the wrap angle positioning screw
  • the nut 4-d moves back and forth;
  • the wrap angle positioning slide 4-b is fixed to the wrap angle positioning screw nut 4-d, which can slide on the upper surface of the wrap angle positioning support table 4-h in the axial direction to locate the telescopic rod
  • the wire rope positioning device 5 consists of a wire rope positioning support 5-a, a bidirectional hydraulic pump 5-b, a wire rope positioning screw 5-c, a wire rope positioning support 5-d, and a hydraulic pump positioning bolt 5 -e, hydraulic pump spindle 5-f, wire rope positioning main roller 5-g, wire rope positioning main slide 5-h, wire rope positioning friction pad 5-i, wire rope clamping bolt 5-j, wire rope positioning auxiliary roller 5- k, wire rope positioning vice slide table 5-l, wire rope positioning screw nut 5-m, wire rope clamping nut 5-n and wire rope positioning hand wheel 5-o; wire rope positioning support table 5-a is set on the wire rope positioning support On 5-d, the wire rope positioning screw 5-c, the wire rope positioning screw nut 5-m and the wire rope positioning hand wheel 5-o are coaxially arranged, and the wire rope positioning hand wheel 5-o rotation drives the wire rope positioning screw 5-c to rotate , And then push the wire rope positioning screw nut 5-m to move forward and backward; the wire rope positioning main slide table 5-h is fixed to the wire rope positioning main slide table
  • the steel wire rope positioning main roller 5-g drives the hydraulic pump spindle 5-f to rotate synchronously;
  • the steel wire rope positioning auxiliary sliding table 5-l is provided on the upper surface of the steel wire rope positioning support table 5-a, on which a steel wire rope is provided
  • the axis of the positioning auxiliary roller 5-k, the wire rope positioning main roller 5-g and the wire rope positioning auxiliary roller 5-k are on a straight line;
  • the wire rope positioning main slide 5-h and the wire rope positioning auxiliary slide 5-l are in two
  • the side is provided with collinear through holes, and the wire rope clamping bolt 5-j passes through the through hole from one end to connect the wire rope positioning main slide 5-h and the wire rope positioning auxiliary slide 5-l together, and passes the wire rope at the other end
  • the clamping nut 5-n is tightened so that the wire rope positioning main roller 5-g and the wire rope positioning auxiliary roller 5-k can clamp the wire rope 3 under a certain squeezing force; the wire rope positioning main roller 5-g and the wire rope positioning auxiliary roller 5
  • the loading hydraulic cylinder 1 is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, which is composed of a loading hydraulic cylinder sleeve 1-a, a loading hydraulic cylinder support 1-b, a loading hydraulic cylinder piston rod 1-c and a steel wire lock sleeve 1-d structure; the front end of the loading cylinder piston rod 1-c is provided with a wire rope lock sleeve 1-d.
  • the wire rope lock head 3-a After installing the wire rope lock head 3-a at the ends of the wire rope 3, the wire rope lock head 3-a can be locked In the wire rope lock sleeve 1-d, the loading hydraulic cylinder 1 can exert tension on the wire rope 3; the two loading hydraulic cylinders 1 are the driving side and the loading side, and the driving side hydraulic cylinder drives the loading hydraulic cylinder piston by adjusting the oil pressure of the oil inlet
  • the rod 1-c pulls the wire rope 3
  • the load side hydraulic cylinder suppresses the wire rope 3 from dragging and loading the hydraulic cylinder piston rod 1-c by adjusting the oil pressure at the oil outlet.
  • the length of the piston rod 1-c of the loading hydraulic cylinder should be greater than the circumference of the largest diameter friction hoist; the number of the wire rope positioning devices 5 depends on the test accuracy of different diameter friction hoists; the positioning of the hydraulic cylinder
  • the hole density of the hole 2-a in the vertical direction satisfies the vertical distance clamped by the two loading hydraulic cylinders 1 to meet the test requirements of friction elevators of different diameters; the hole density of the positioning hole 6-a in the circumferential direction meets the surrounding angle
  • the arc formed by the positioning device 4 and several wire rope positioning devices 5 can meet the test requirements of friction hoists with different diameters and wrap angles.
  • FIG. 5 The method for testing the load-bearing performance of the steel wire rope of the friction hoist of the present invention is shown in FIG. 5 and the specific steps are as follows:
  • B is the width of the actual friction pad of the hoist
  • ⁇ is the friction coefficient of the actual friction pad
  • k is the compensation coefficient
  • r is the radius of the wire rope positioning main roller 5-g, when the hydraulic cylinder 1 pulls the wire rope 3
  • F L1 kf 1 + kf 2 + kf 3 + kf 4 + kf 5 + kf 6 + kf 7 + F L2 to simulate the wire rope dragging process of the actual friction hoist and the wire rope creeping process in the enveloping arc of the friction lifting process;
  • the hydraulic cylinders on the driving side and the loading side drag the steel wire rope 3 to simulate the working conditions such as overload and secondary loading of the actual friction hoist. Within the allowable threshold, it can be detected whether the tested wire rope 3 meets the tensile performance requirements;
  • the hydraulic cylinders on the driving side and the loading side simulate the coal lifting process of the actual friction hoist, alternately pulling and dragging the wire rope 3, at this time by detecting the broken wire percentage of the wire rope 3 within a certain cycle period And whether the change of unit elongation is within the allowable threshold, can detect whether the tested wire rope 3 meets the fatigue life requirements, and because there is no actual time limit for the coal loading and unloading process, by adjusting the loading hydraulic cylinder 1 and the bidirectional hydraulic pump 5-b
  • the flow rate can greatly speed up the testing process.

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Abstract

一种摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置及方法，测试装置包括两个加载液压缸(1)、液压缸定位平台(2)、钢丝绳定位平台(6)、沿垂直方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台(6)的直线段的围包角定位装置(4)和沿半径方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台(6)的圆弧段的若干个钢丝绳定位装置(5)，基于双作用液压缸(1)驱动钢丝绳(3)、双向液压泵(5-b)提供负载阻尼的原理模拟实际摩擦提升过程，液压缸(1)加载可模拟超载、二次重载等工况，液压泵(5-b)提供负载阻尼可模拟围包弧内的钢丝绳(3)蠕动过程，从而能准确测试钢丝绳(3)的承载性能，满足不同卷筒直径、不同围包角的摩擦提升机的测试需求。

Description

摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种钢丝绳承载性能测试装置及方法，尤其是一种适用于摩擦提升机的钢丝绳承载性能测试装置及方法
背景技术
立井提升机作为主要的矿井提升装备，担负着提升煤炭矸石、下放材料、升降人员和设备的重要任务，是煤矿井下与地面的连接枢纽，其中摩擦提升机占据主导地位。钢丝绳作为承载和传递动力的关键构件，其承载性能直接关系到矿井提升的安全性。钢丝绳的报废和更换，依《煤矿安全规程》规定，提升钢丝绳的报废标准一般为2年，而当断丝数突然增加或者伸长突然加快时，则须立即更换。安装新绳前，应避免新绳降低提升机的承载性能，造成重大的安全隐患。另外，立井提升机作为长期连续运行的煤矿关键设备，换绳需要中断煤炭提升运输。如果换绳后发现需要返修，将会造成重大的经济损失。因此，在换新绳前，需要对钢丝绳进行严格的承载性能测试。
目前，矿用钢丝绳生产厂商众多，采用的制造工艺和生产标准不尽相同，而钢丝绳的承载性能测试缺乏一个统一的装置和标准。由于煤矿的地质条件多样，对提升载荷、提升速度也产生了不同需求，由此产生了不同卷筒直径、不同围包角的立井摩擦提升机，导致对钢丝绳的性能测试难以采用统一的装置，而针对不同规格的摩擦提升机分别搭建测试装置，将产生较高的建造和运营成本，不满足经济性需求。这导致了企业在出厂前难以对提升钢丝绳的承载性能进行准确评估。当前，钢丝绳的出厂检测，主要采用对钢丝绳进行直线拉扭测试，或者对钢丝进行拉断、弯扭和扭转测试，而忽略了提升钢丝绳卷绕半径和围包角等影响钢丝绳疲劳寿命的关键因素，并不能准确反映钢丝绳的承载能力。
目前，对钢丝绳的检测研究主要集中对现役矿井进行检测，如申请号为CN201710462492.X的新型钢丝绳无损检测装置，采用漏磁检测的方式检测钢丝绳缺陷。同时，部分学者搭建各种试验台，对钢丝绳的单一性能进行试验，如授权号为CN201410728384.9的钢丝绳高速及微动摩擦试验装置可以模拟钢丝绳之间的摩擦行为，分析不同滑动速度以及微动摩擦条件下钢丝绳的摩擦状态。然而，上述研究不能够对不同规格的立井摩擦提升机进行统一测试。因而，有必要研究一种测试装置，可以对不同卷筒直径、卷筒围包角的立井摩擦提升钢丝绳承载性能进行统一测试，以便对各厂商生产的不同型号钢丝绳在现场安装前统一校核，避免大型生产企业的重复测试投入，提升小型生产企业的制造质量，规范提升钢丝绳市场，确保提升钢丝绳的承载性能，对于保障立井提升安全性具有重要意义，而目前缺乏相应的测试装置。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服已有技术中的不足之处，提供一种结构简单，兼具可靠性和实用性的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置及方法。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，包括连接被测钢丝绳的加载液压缸、液压缸定位平台、围包角定位装置、若干个钢丝绳定位装置和钢丝绳定位平台，所述的液压缸定位平台沿垂直方向布置，上面设有平行布置的若干排液压缸定位孔，所述的钢丝绳定位平台呈圆弧状，和液压缸定位平台处于同一平面且对向布置，钢丝绳定位平台上设有按圆周排列的若干排定位孔，所述的加载液压缸为两个，通过液压缸定位孔沿水平方向并排布置在液压缸定位平台上；所述围包角定位装置通过定位孔沿垂直方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台的直线段上；若干个钢丝绳定位装置通过定位孔沿半径方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台的圆弧段上。
所述的围包角定位装置包括定位伸缩杆套筒、围包角定位滑台、围包角定位丝杠，围包角定位丝杠螺母、定位伸缩杆、围包角定位滚轮、围包角定位摩擦衬垫、围包角定位支撑台、围包角定位支座和围包角定位手轮；所述围包角定位支撑台设置在围包角定位支座上，所述围包角定位丝杠、围包角定位丝杠螺母和围包角定位手轮同轴布置，所述的围包角定位手轮旋转带动围包角定位丝杠旋转，进而推动围包角定位丝杠螺母的前后移动；所述围包角定位滑台固定于围包角定位丝杠螺母，能沿轴向在围包角定位支撑台上表面滑动，所述定位伸缩杆套筒沿轴向设置在围包角定位滑台上，所述定位伸缩杆的顶端设置有围包角定位滚轮，所述围包角定位滚轮的轮缘设有凹槽，凹槽内安装有围包角定位摩擦衬垫，所述围包角定位摩擦衬垫设有绳槽。
所述的钢丝绳定位装置包括钢丝绳定位支撑台、双向液压泵、钢丝绳定位丝杠、钢丝绳定位支座、液压泵定位螺栓、液压泵主轴、钢丝绳定位主滚轮、钢丝绳定位主滑台、钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫、钢丝绳夹持螺栓、钢丝绳定位副滚轮、钢丝绳定位副滑台、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母、钢丝绳夹持螺母和钢丝绳定位手轮；所述钢丝绳定位支撑台设置在钢丝绳定位支座上，所述钢丝绳定位丝杠、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母和钢丝绳定位手轮同轴布置，所述钢丝绳定位手轮旋转带动钢丝绳定位丝杠旋转，进而推动钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母前后移动；所述钢丝绳定位主滑台固定于钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母上，能沿轴向在钢丝绳定位支撑台上表面滑动；所述液压泵定位螺栓将双向液压泵和钢丝绳定位主滚轮同轴固定于钢丝绳定位主滑台上，所述钢丝绳定位主滚轮带动液压泵主轴同步旋转；所述钢丝绳定位副滑台设置于钢丝绳定位支撑台上表面，钢丝绳定位副滑台上设置有钢丝绳定位副滚轮，所述钢丝绳定位主滚轮与钢丝绳定位副滚轮的轴心在一条直线上；所述钢丝绳定位主滑台与钢丝绳定位副滑台分别在两侧设有共线的通孔，钢丝绳夹持螺栓从一端穿过通孔将钢丝绳定位主滑台与钢丝绳定位副滑台连接在一起，并在另一端通过钢丝绳夹持螺母拧紧，使钢丝绳定位主滚轮和钢丝绳定位副滚轮能够在挤压力下夹持被测钢丝绳；所述钢丝绳定位主滚轮和钢丝绳定位副滚轮的轮缘设有凹槽，凹槽内安装有钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫，钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫设有绳槽。
所述的加载液压缸为双作用液压缸，加载液压缸包括加载液压缸缸套、加载液压缸支座和加载液压缸活塞杆；所述加载液压缸活塞杆的前端设有钢丝绳锁套，与加载液压缸相连的 被测钢丝绳的两端绳头经安装钢丝绳锁头卡装在钢丝绳锁套中，通过加载液压缸对被测钢丝绳施加拉力；两个加载液压缸互为驱动侧和负载侧，驱动侧液压缸通过调整进油口油压驱动加载液压缸活塞杆拉动被测钢丝绳，负载侧液压缸通过调整出油口油压抑制被测钢丝绳拖拽加载液压缸活塞杆。
所述的加载液压缸活塞杆的长度大于最大直径摩擦提升机的圆周长。
所述的钢丝绳定位装置的数量取决于不同直径摩擦提升机的测试精度。
所述的液压缸定位孔沿垂直方向的孔密度取决于两个加载液压缸夹持的垂直距离适应不同直径摩擦提升机的测试需求。
所述的定位孔沿圆周方向的孔密度取决于围包角定位装置和若干个钢丝绳定位装置围成的圆弧适应不同直径和围包角的摩擦提升机的测试需求。
使用上述摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置的测试方法，包括如下步骤：
(a)将围包角定位支撑台安装在围包角定位支座上，围包角定位丝杠、围包角定位丝杠螺母和围包角定位手轮同轴安装，将围包角定位滑台固定在围包角定位丝杠螺母上，定位伸缩杆套筒沿轴向安装在围包角定位滑台上，将围包角定位摩擦衬垫安装在围包角定位滚轮的凹槽内，围包角定位滚轮安装在定位伸缩杆的顶端，组装成围包角定位装置；
(b)将钢丝绳定位支撑台安装在钢丝绳定位支座上，钢丝绳定位丝杠、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母和钢丝绳定位手轮同轴安装，将钢丝绳定位主滑台固定在钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母上，钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫安装在钢丝绳定位主滚轮和钢丝绳定位副滚轮的凹槽内，使用液压泵定位螺栓将双向液压泵和钢丝绳定位主滚轮同轴固定在钢丝绳定位主滑台上，使用钢丝绳夹持螺栓从滑台一端穿过通孔将钢丝绳定位主滑台与钢丝绳定位副滑台连接在一起，并在滑台另一端使用钢丝绳夹持螺母固定，组装成若干个钢丝绳定位装置；
(c)基于被测钢丝绳所属的摩擦提升机直径尺寸D和围包角α，按设定位置的定位孔将围包角定位装置沿垂直方向安装在钢丝绳定位平台的直线段上，将若干个钢丝绳定位装置沿半径方向间隔安装在钢丝绳定位平台的圆弧段上，转动钢丝绳定位手轮推动钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母前后移动，转动围包角定位手轮推动围包角定位丝杠螺母前后移动，微调定位伸缩杆的伸缩长度推动围包角定位滚轮小范围前后移动，最终使围包角定位滚轮和若干个钢丝绳定位主滚轮的外缘围成的圆弧直径等于摩擦提升机的直径尺寸D、圆弧角度等于摩擦提升机的围包角α，将两个加载液压缸通过液压缸定位孔沿水平方向并排布置在液压缸定位平台上，两液压缸的垂直距离为：
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000001
(d)依据加载液压缸活塞杆的伸缩长度和摩擦提升机直径尺寸D，截取所需长度的被测钢丝绳，在被测钢丝绳的两端绳头安装钢丝绳锁头，将钢丝绳锁头卡装在钢丝绳锁套中，被测钢丝绳的圆弧部分嵌进围包角定位摩擦衬垫和钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫的绳槽内；
(e)调整驱动侧液压缸进油口油压和负载侧液压缸出油口油压，以小油压启动加载液压 缸，此时被测钢丝绳张紧，将钢丝绳夹持螺母拧紧，使钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫紧密夹紧钢丝绳，避免钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫与被测钢丝绳之间发生相对滑动；
(f)依据摩擦提升机直径尺寸D和围包角α，模拟实际摩擦提升两侧的重载侧负载F L1和空载侧负载F L2，由下式得出被测钢丝绳(3)在围包角α范围内的切向力分布f θ：
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000002
式中：B为实际提升机摩擦衬垫的宽度，μ为实际摩擦衬垫的摩擦系数，
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000003
为F L1,F L2作用下围包弧内的蠕动弧角度，
从而得出被测钢丝绳在各钢丝绳定位主滚轮处的切向力f 1,f 2,f 3,f 4,f 5,f 6,f 7，据此调整双向液压泵的压油口油压，通过下式给钢丝绳定位主滚轮添加额外旋转阻尼值：
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000004
式中：k为补偿系数，r为钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)的半径，
当加载液压缸拉动被测钢丝绳时，F L1＝kf 1+kf 2+kf 3+kf 4+kf 5+kf 6+kf 7+F L2，从而模拟实际摩擦提升机的钢丝绳拖动过程，以及摩擦提升过程围包弧内的钢丝绳蠕动过程；
当需要测试钢丝绳的抗拉性能时，调整加载液压缸和双向液压泵的油压，驱动侧和加载侧液压缸拖动被测钢丝绳模拟实际摩擦提升机的超载、二次装载工况，此时通过检测钢丝绳的单位伸长量变化是否在允许阈值内，即能检测出被测钢丝绳是否满足抗拉性能的要求；
当需要测试钢丝绳的疲劳寿命时，调整加载液压缸和双向液压泵的油压，驱动侧和加载侧液压缸模拟实际摩擦提升机的提煤过程，交替循环拉动和拖拽被测钢丝绳，此时通过检测多个循环周期内钢丝绳的断丝百分比和单位伸长量变化是否在允许阈值内，即能检测出被测钢丝绳是否满足疲劳寿命要求，同时由于没有实际的装卸煤过程时间限制，通过调整加载液压缸和双向液压泵的流量，能较大程度加快测试过程。
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明提供的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，能对不同卷筒直径、卷筒围包角的立井摩擦提升钢丝绳承载性能进行统一测试，对各厂商生产的不同型号钢丝绳在现场安装前统一校核，避免了大型生产企业的重复测试投入，提升了小型生产企业的制造质量，从而规范提升钢丝绳市场，确保提升钢丝绳的承载性能。本发明基于双作用液压缸驱动钢丝绳、双向液压泵提供负载阻尼的原理模拟实际摩擦提升过程，采用基于丝杠传动的钢丝绳定位装置和围包角定位装置，既可以适用不同的卷筒直径，又可以适用不同的围包角；液压缸加载可以模拟超载、二次重载等恶性工况，测试在极端工况下 的钢丝绳抗拉性能；液压泵提供负载阻尼可以模拟钢丝绳沿实际卷筒的切向力分布，进而模拟围包弧内的钢丝绳蠕动过程，以便准确测试钢丝绳的疲劳寿命，从而实现对钢丝绳承载性能的准确测试，能满足不同卷筒直径、不同围包角的摩擦提升机的测试需求，结构简单，可靠性高，通用性强，对于确保提升钢丝绳承载性能、保障摩擦提升安全具有重要意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的装置结构示意图；
图2是本发明的围包角定位装置结构示意图；
图3是本发明的钢丝绳定位加载装置结构示意图；
图4是本发明的加载液压缸钢丝绳安装示意图；
图5是本发明装置的测试原理示意图。
图中：1—加载液压缸，1-a—加载液压缸缸套，1-b—加载液压缸支座，1-c—加载液压缸活塞杆，1-d—钢丝绳锁套，2—液压缸定位平台，2-a—液压缸定位孔，3—钢丝绳，3-a—钢丝绳锁头，4—围包角定位装置，4-a—定位伸缩杆套筒，4-b—围包角定位滑台，4-c—围包角定位丝杠，4-d—围包角定位丝杠螺母，4-e—定位伸缩杆，4-f—围包角定位滚轮，4-g—围包角定位摩擦衬垫，4-h—围包角定位支撑台，4-i—围包角定位支座，4-j—围包角定位手轮，5—钢丝绳定位装置，5-a—钢丝绳定位支撑台，5-b—双向液压泵，5-c—钢丝绳定位丝杠，5-d—钢丝绳定位支座，5-e—液压泵定位螺栓，5-f—液压泵主轴，5-g—钢丝绳定位主滚轮，5-h—钢丝绳定位主滑台，5-i—钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫，5-j—钢丝绳夹持螺栓，5-k—钢丝绳定位副滚轮，5-l—钢丝绳定位副滑台，5-m—钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母，5-n—钢丝绳夹持螺母，5-o—钢丝绳定位手轮，6—钢丝绳定位平台，6-a—定位孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的描述：
如图1所示，本发明的一种摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，主要由两个加载液压缸1、液压缸定位平台2、围包角定位装置4、若干个钢丝绳定位装置5和钢丝绳定位平台6构成，所述的液压缸定位平台2沿垂直方向布置，钢丝绳定位平台6和液压缸定位平台2处于同一平面且对向布置，液压缸定位平台2上设有平行布置的若干排液压缸定位孔2-a，钢丝绳定位平台6上设有圆周排列的若干排定位孔6-a，两个加载液压缸1通过液压缸定位孔2-a沿水平方向并排布置在液压缸定位平台2上；围包角定位装置4通过定位孔6-a沿垂直方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台6的直线段；若干个钢丝绳定位装置5通过定位孔6-a沿半径方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台6的圆弧段。
如图2所示，所述的围包角定位装置4由定位伸缩杆套筒4-a、围包角定位滑台4-b、围包角定位丝杠4-c，围包角定位丝杠螺母4-d、定位伸缩杆4-e、围包角定位滚轮4-f、围包角定位摩擦衬垫4-g、围包角定位支撑台4-h、围包角定位支座4-i和围包角定位手轮4-j构成；围包角定位支撑台4-h设置在围包角定位支座4-i上，围包角定位丝杠4-c、围包角定位丝杠 螺母4-d和围包角定位手轮4-j同轴布置，围包角定位手轮4-j旋转带动围包角定位丝杠4-c旋转，进而推动围包角定位丝杠螺母4-d前后移动；围包角定位滑台4-b固定于围包角定位丝杠螺母4-d，可以沿轴向在围包角定位支撑台4-h上表面滑动，定位伸缩杆套筒4-a沿轴向设置在围包角定位滑台4-b上，定位伸缩杆4-e的顶端设置有围包角定位滚轮4-f，围包角定位滚轮4-f的轮缘设有凹槽且安装有围包角定位摩擦衬垫4-g，围包角定位摩擦衬垫4-g设有绳槽。
如图3所示，所述的钢丝绳定位装置5由钢丝绳定位支撑台5-a、双向液压泵5-b、钢丝绳定位丝杠5-c、钢丝绳定位支座5-d、液压泵定位螺栓5-e、液压泵主轴5-f、钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g、钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h、钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫5-i、钢丝绳夹持螺栓5-j、钢丝绳定位副滚轮5-k、钢丝绳定位副滑台5-l、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母5-m、钢丝绳夹持螺母5-n和钢丝绳定位手轮5-o构成；钢丝绳定位支撑台5-a设置在钢丝绳定位支座5-d上，钢丝绳定位丝杠5-c、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母5-m和钢丝绳定位手轮5-o同轴布置，钢丝绳定位手轮5-o旋转带动钢丝绳定位丝杠5-c旋转，进而推动钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母5-m前后移动；钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h固定于钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母5-m，能沿轴向在钢丝绳定位支撑台5-a上表面滑动；液压泵定位螺栓5-e将双向液压泵5-b和钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g同轴固定于钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h上，钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g带动液压泵主轴5-f同步旋转；钢丝绳定位副滑台5-l设置于钢丝绳定位支撑台5-a上表面，其上设置有钢丝绳定位副滚轮5-k，钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g与钢丝绳定位副滚轮5-k的轴心在一条直线上；钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h与钢丝绳定位副滑台5-l分别在两侧设有共线的通孔，钢丝绳夹持螺栓5-j从一端穿过通孔将钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h与钢丝绳定位副滑台5-l连接在一起，并在另一端通过钢丝绳夹持螺母5-n拧紧，使钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g和钢丝绳定位副滚轮5-k能够在一定的挤压力下夹持钢丝绳3；钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g和钢丝绳定位副滚轮5-k的轮缘设有凹槽且安装有钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫5-i，钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫5-i设有绳槽。
如图4所示，所述的加载液压缸1为双作用液压缸，由加载液压缸缸套1-a、加载液压缸支座1-b、加载液压缸活塞杆1-c和钢丝绳锁套1-d构成；加载液压缸活塞杆1-c的前端设有钢丝绳锁套1-d，钢丝绳3的两端绳头在安装钢丝绳锁头3-a后，可以将钢丝绳锁头3-a卡在钢丝绳锁套1-d中，进而加载液压缸1可以对钢丝绳3施加拉力；两加载液压缸1互为驱动侧和负载侧，驱动侧液压缸通过调整进油口油压驱动加载液压缸活塞杆1-c拉动钢丝绳3，负载侧液压缸通过调整出油口油压抑制钢丝绳3拖拽加载液压缸活塞杆1-c。
所述的加载液压缸活塞杆1-c的长度应大于最大直径摩擦提升机的圆周长；所述的钢丝绳定位装置5的数量取决于不同直径摩擦提升机的测试精度；所述的液压缸定位孔2-a沿垂直方向的孔密度满足两个加载液压缸1夹持的垂直距离适应不同直径摩擦提升机的测试需求；所述的定位孔6-a沿圆周方向的孔密度满足围包角定位装置4和若干个钢丝绳定位装置5围成的圆弧适应不同直径和围包角的摩擦提升机的测试需求。
本发明的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试方法，如图5所示，具体步骤如下：
(a)将围包角定位支撑台4-h安装在围包角定位支座4-i上，围包角定位丝杠4-c、围包角定位丝杠螺母4-d和围包角定位手轮4-j同轴安装，将围包角定位滑台4-b固定在围包角定位丝杠螺母4-d上，定位伸缩杆套筒4-a沿轴向安装在围包角定位滑台4-b上，将围包角定位摩擦衬垫4-g安装在围包角定位滚轮4-f的凹槽内，围包角定位滚轮4-f安装在定位伸缩杆4-e的顶端，组装成围包角定位装置4；
(b)将钢丝绳定位支撑台5-a安装在钢丝绳定位支座5-d上，钢丝绳定位丝杠5-c、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母5-m和钢丝绳定位手轮5-o同轴安装，将钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h固定在钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母5-m上，钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫5-i安装在钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g和钢丝绳定位副滚轮5-k的凹槽内，使用液压泵定位螺栓5-e将双向液压泵5-b和钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g同轴固定在钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h上，使用钢丝绳夹持螺栓5-j从滑台一端穿过通孔将钢丝绳定位主滑台5-h与钢丝绳定位副滑台5-l连接在一起，并在滑台另一端使用钢丝绳夹持螺母5-n固定，组装成若干个钢丝绳定位装置5；
(c)基于被测钢丝绳所属的摩擦提升机直径尺寸D和围包角α，选择合适位置的定位孔6-a，将围包角定位装置4沿垂直方向安装在钢丝绳定位平台6的直线段，将若干个钢丝绳定位装置5沿半径方向安装在钢丝绳定位平台6的圆弧段，转动钢丝绳定位手轮5-o推动钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母5-m前后移动，转动围包角定位手轮4-j推动围包角定位丝杠螺母4-d前后移动，微调定位伸缩杆4-e的伸缩长度推动围包角定位滚轮4-f小范围前后移动，最终使围包角定位滚轮4-f和若干个钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g的外缘围成的圆弧直径等于摩擦提升机的直径尺寸D、圆弧角度等于摩擦提升机的围包角α，将两个加载液压缸1通过液压缸定位孔2-a沿水平方向并排布置在液压缸定位平台2上，两液压缸的垂直距离为：
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000005
(d)依据加载液压缸活塞杆1-c的伸缩长度和摩擦提升机直径尺寸D，截取合适长度的被测钢丝绳3，在钢丝绳3的两端绳头安装钢丝绳锁头3-a，将钢丝绳锁头3-a卡在钢丝绳锁套1-d中，钢丝绳3的圆弧部分嵌进围包角定位摩擦衬垫4-g和钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫5-i的绳槽内；
(e)调整驱动侧液压缸进油口油压和负载侧液压缸出油口油压，以小油压启动加载液压缸1，此时钢丝绳3张紧，将钢丝绳夹持螺母5-n拧紧，使钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫5-i能够紧密夹紧钢丝绳3，避免钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫5-i与钢丝绳3之间发生相对滑动；
(f)依据摩擦提升机直径尺寸D和围包角α，模拟实际摩擦提升两侧的重载侧负载F L1和空载侧负载F L2，得出钢丝绳3在围包角α范围内的切向力分布：
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000006
式中：B为实际提升机摩擦衬垫的宽度，μ为实际摩擦衬垫的摩擦系数，
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000007
为F L1,F L2作用下围包弧内的蠕动弧角度，从而得出钢丝绳3在各钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g处的切向力f 1,f 2,f 3,f 4,f 5,f 6,f 7，进而据此调整双向液压泵5-b的压油口油压，给钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g添加额外旋转阻尼：
Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-000008
式中：k为补偿系数，r为钢丝绳定位主滚轮5-g的半径，当加载液压缸1拉动钢丝绳3时，F L1＝kf 1+kf 2+kf 3+kf 4+kf 5+kf 6+kf 7+F L2，从而模拟实际摩擦提升机的钢丝绳拖动过程，以及摩擦提升过程围包弧内的钢丝绳蠕动过程；
(g)调整加载液压缸1和双向液压泵5-b的油压：
当需要测试钢丝绳3的抗拉性能时，驱动侧和加载侧液压缸拖动钢丝绳3模拟实际摩擦提升机的超载、二次装载等工况，此时通过检测钢丝绳3的单位伸长量变化是否在允许阈值内，能检测出被测钢丝绳3是否满足抗拉性能要求；
当需要测试钢丝绳3的疲劳寿命时，驱动侧和加载侧液压缸模拟实际摩擦提升机的提煤过程，交替循环拉动和拖拽钢丝绳3，此时通过检测一定循环周期内钢丝绳3的断丝百分比和单位伸长量变化是否在允许阈值内，能检测出被测钢丝绳3是否满足疲劳寿命要求，同时由于没有实际的装卸煤过程时间限制，通过调整加载液压缸1和双向液压泵5-b的流量，能较大程度加快测试过程。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，包括连接被测钢丝绳(3)的加载液压缸(1)、液压缸定位平台(2)，其特征在于：还包括围包角定位装置(4)、若干个钢丝绳定位装置(5)和钢丝绳定位平台(6)，所述的液压缸定位平台(2)沿垂直方向布置，上面设有平行布置的若干排液压缸定位孔(2-a)，所述的钢丝绳定位平台(6)呈圆弧状，和液压缸定位平台(2)处于同一平面且对向布置，钢丝绳定位平台(6)上设有按圆周排列的若干排定位孔(6-a)，所述的加载液压缸(1)为两个，通过液压缸定位孔(2-a)沿水平方向并排布置在液压缸定位平台(2)上；所述围包角定位装置(4)通过定位孔(6-a)沿垂直方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台(6)的直线段上；若干个钢丝绳定位装置(5)通过定位孔(6-a)沿半径方向设置在钢丝绳定位平台(6)的圆弧段上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，其特征在于：所述的围包角定位装置(4)包括定位伸缩杆套筒(4-a)、围包角定位滑台(4-b)、围包角定位丝杠(4-c)，围包角定位丝杠螺母(4-d)、定位伸缩杆(4-e)、围包角定位滚轮(4-f)、围包角定位摩擦衬垫(4-g)、围包角定位支撑台(4-h)、围包角定位支座(4-i)和围包角定位手轮(4-j)；所述围包角定位支撑台(4-h)设置在围包角定位支座(4-i)上，所述围包角定位丝杠(4-c)、围包角定位丝杠螺母(4-d)和围包角定位手轮(4-j)同轴布置，所述的围包角定位手轮(4-j)旋转带动围包角定位丝杠(4-c)旋转，进而推动围包角定位丝杠螺母(4-d)的前后移动；所述围包角定位滑台(4-b)固定于围包角定位丝杠螺母(4-d)，能沿轴向在围包角定位支撑台(4-h)上表面滑动，所述定位伸缩杆套筒(4-a)沿轴向设置在围包角定位滑台(4-b)上，所述定位伸缩杆(4-e)的顶端设置有围包角定位滚轮(4-f)，所述围包角定位滚轮(4-f)的轮缘设有凹槽，凹槽内安装有围包角定位摩擦衬垫(4-g)，所述围包角定位摩擦衬垫(4-g)设有绳槽。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，其特征在于：所述的钢丝绳定位装置(5)包括钢丝绳定位支撑台(5-a)、双向液压泵(5-b)、钢丝绳定位丝杠(5-c)、钢丝绳定位支座(5-d)、液压泵定位螺栓(5-e)、液压泵主轴(5-f)、钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)、钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h)、钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫(5-i)、钢丝绳夹持螺栓(5-j)、钢丝绳定位副滚轮(5-k)、钢丝绳定位副滑台(5-l)、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母(5-m)、钢丝绳夹持螺母(5-n)和钢丝绳定位手轮(5-o)；所述钢丝绳定位支撑台(5-a)设置在钢丝绳定位支座(5-d)上，所述钢丝绳定位丝杠(5-c)、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母(5-m)和钢丝绳定位手轮(5-o)同轴布置，所述钢丝绳定位手轮(5-o)旋转带动钢丝绳定位丝杠(5-c)旋转，进而推动钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母(5-m)前后移动；所述钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h)固定于钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母(5-m)上，能沿轴向在钢丝绳定位支撑台(5-a)上表面滑动；所述液压泵定位螺栓(5-e)将双向液压泵(5-b)和钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)同轴固定于钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h)上，所述钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)带动液压泵主轴(5-f)同步旋转；所述钢丝绳定位副滑台(5-l)设置于钢丝绳定位支撑台(5-a)上表面，钢丝绳定位副滑台(5-l)上设置有钢丝绳定位副滚轮(5-k)， 所述钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)与钢丝绳定位副滚轮(5-k)的轴心在一条直线上；所述钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h)与钢丝绳定位副滑台(5-l)分别在两侧设有共线的通孔，钢丝绳夹持螺栓(5-j)从一端穿过通孔将钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h)与钢丝绳定位副滑台(5-l)连接在一起，并在另一端通过钢丝绳夹持螺母(5-n)拧紧，使钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)和钢丝绳定位副滚轮(5-k)能够在挤压力下夹持被测钢丝绳(3)；所述钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)和钢丝绳定位副滚轮(5-k)的轮缘设有凹槽，凹槽内安装有钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫(5-i)，钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫(5-i)设有绳槽。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，其特征在于：所述的加载液压缸(1)为双作用液压缸，加载液压缸包括加载液压缸缸套(1-a)、加载液压缸支座(1-b)和加载液压缸活塞杆(1-c)；所述加载液压缸活塞杆(1-c)的前端设有钢丝绳锁套(1-d)，与加载液压缸(1)相连的被测钢丝绳(3)的两端绳头经安装钢丝绳锁头(3-a)卡装在钢丝绳锁套(1-d)中，通过加载液压缸(1)对被测钢丝绳(3)施加拉力；两个加载液压缸互为驱动侧和负载侧，驱动侧液压缸通过调整进油口油压驱动加载液压缸活塞杆(1-c)拉动被测钢丝绳(3)，负载侧液压缸通过调整出油口油压抑制被测钢丝绳(3)拖拽加载液压缸活塞杆(1-c)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，其特征在于：所述的加载液压缸活塞杆(1-c)的长度大于最大直径摩擦提升机的圆周长。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，其特征在于：所述的钢丝绳定位装置(5)的数量取决于不同直径摩擦提升机的测试精度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，其特征在于：所述的液压缸定位孔(2-a)沿垂直方向的孔密度取决于两个加载液压缸(1)夹持的垂直距离适应不同直径摩擦提升机的测试需求。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置，其特征在于：所述的定位孔(6-a)沿圆周方向的孔密度取决于围包角定位装置(4)和若干个钢丝绳定位装置(5)围成的圆弧适应不同直径和围包角的摩擦提升机的测试需求。
  9. 一种使用权利要求1、2、3或4所述摩擦提升机钢丝绳承载性能测试装置的测试方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
    (a)将围包角定位支撑台(4-h)安装在围包角定位支座(4-i)上，围包角定位丝杠(4-c)、围包角定位丝杠螺母(4-d)和围包角定位手轮(4-j)同轴安装，将围包角定位滑台(4-b)固定在围包角定位丝杠螺母(4-d)上，定位伸缩杆套筒(4-a)沿轴向安装在围包角定位滑台(4-b)上，将围包角定位摩擦衬垫(4-g)安装在围包角定位滚轮(4-f)的凹槽内，围包角定位滚轮(4-f)安装在定位伸缩杆(4-e)的顶端，组装成围包角定位装置(4)；
    (b)将钢丝绳定位支撑台(5-a)安装在钢丝绳定位支座(5-d)上，钢丝绳定位丝杠(5-c)、钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母(5-m)和钢丝绳定位手轮(5-o)同轴安装，将钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h) 固定在钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母(5-m)上，钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫(5-i)安装在钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)和钢丝绳定位副滚轮(5-k)的凹槽内，使用液压泵定位螺栓(5-e)将双向液压泵(5-b)和钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)同轴固定在钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h)上，使用钢丝绳夹持螺栓(5-j)从滑台一端穿过通孔将钢丝绳定位主滑台(5-h)与钢丝绳定位副滑台(5-l)连接在一起，并在滑台另一端使用钢丝绳夹持螺母(5-n)固定，组装成若干个钢丝绳定位装置(5)；
    (c)基于被测钢丝绳所属的摩擦提升机直径尺寸D和围包角α，按设定位置的定位孔(6-a)将围包角定位装置(4)沿垂直方向安装在钢丝绳定位平台(6)的直线段上，将若干个钢丝绳定位装置(5)沿半径方向间隔安装在钢丝绳定位平台(6)的圆弧段上，转动钢丝绳定位手轮(5-o)推动钢丝绳定位丝杠螺母(5-m)前后移动，转动围包角定位手轮(4-j)推动围包角定位丝杠螺母(4-d)前后移动，微调定位伸缩杆(4-e)的伸缩长度推动围包角定位滚轮(4-f)小范围前后移动，最终使围包角定位滚轮(4-f)和若干个钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)的外缘围成的圆弧直径等于摩擦提升机的直径尺寸D、圆弧角度等于摩擦提升机的围包角α，将两个加载液压缸(1)通过液压缸定位孔(2-a)沿水平方向并排布置在液压缸定位平台(2)上，两液压缸的垂直距离为：
    Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-100001
    (d)依据加载液压缸活塞杆(1-c)的伸缩长度和摩擦提升机直径尺寸D，截取所需长度的被测钢丝绳(3)，在被测钢丝绳(3)的两端绳头安装钢丝绳锁头(3-a)，将钢丝绳锁头(3-a)卡装在钢丝绳锁套(1-d)中，被测钢丝绳(3)的圆弧部分嵌进围包角定位摩擦衬垫(4-g)和钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫(5-i)的绳槽内；
    (e)调整驱动侧液压缸进油口油压和负载侧液压缸出油口油压，以小油压启动加载液压缸(1)，此时被测钢丝绳(3)张紧，将钢丝绳夹持螺母(5-n)拧紧，使钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫(5-i)紧密夹紧钢丝绳(3)，避免钢丝绳定位摩擦衬垫(5-i)与被测钢丝绳(3)之间发生相对滑动；
    (f)依据摩擦提升机直径尺寸D和围包角α，模拟实际摩擦提升两侧的重载侧负载F L1和空载侧负载F L2，由下式得出被测钢丝绳(3)在围包角α范围内的切向力分布f θ：
    Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-100002
    式中：B为实际提升机摩擦衬垫的宽度，μ为实际摩擦衬垫的摩擦系数，
    Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-100003
    为F L1,F L2作用下围包弧内的蠕动弧角度，
    从而得出被测钢丝绳(3)在各钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)处的切向力f 1,f 2,f 3,f 4,f 5,f 6,f 7， 据此调整双向液压泵(5-b)的压油口油压，通过下式给钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)添加额外旋转阻尼值：
    Figure PCTCN2019075868-appb-100004
    式中：k为补偿系数，r为钢丝绳定位主滚轮(5-g)的半径，
    当加载液压缸(1)拉动被测钢丝绳(3)时，F L1＝kf 1+kf 2+kf 3+kf 4+kf 5+kf 6+kf 7+F L2，从而模拟实际摩擦提升机的钢丝绳拖动过程，以及摩擦提升过程围包弧内的钢丝绳蠕动过程；
    当需要测试钢丝绳的抗拉性能时，调整加载液压缸(1)和双向液压泵(5-b)的油压，驱动侧和加载侧液压缸拖动被测钢丝绳(3)模拟实际摩擦提升机的超载、二次装载工况，此时通过检测钢丝绳的单位伸长量变化是否在允许阈值内，即能检测出被测钢丝绳(3)是否满足抗拉性能的要求；
    当需要测试钢丝绳的疲劳寿命时，调整加载液压缸(1)和双向液压泵(5-b)的油压，驱动侧和加载侧液压缸模拟实际摩擦提升机的提煤过程，交替循环拉动和拖拽被测钢丝绳(3)，此时通过检测多个循环周期内钢丝绳(3)的断丝百分比和单位伸长量变化是否在允许阈值内，即能检测出被测钢丝绳(3)是否满足疲劳寿命要求，同时由于没有实际的装卸煤过程时间限制，通过调整加载液压缸(1)和双向液压泵(5-b)的流量，能较大程度加快测试过程。
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